Designation: D3754-06
Standard Specification for
"Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced rhermosetting-Resin)
Sewer and Industrial Pressure Pipel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3754; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
specification covers machine-made fiberglass pipe,
mm) through 156 in. (4000 mm), for use in pressure
for conveying sanitary sewage, storm water, and
ial wastes, and corrosive fluids. Both slass-fiber-
thermosetting-resin pipe (RTRP) and glass-fiber-
polymer mofiar pipe (RPMP) are fiberglass pipes.
is suited primarily for pipes to be insralled in
applications, although it may be used to the extent
for other installations such as, but not limited to,
tunnel iining and slip-lining and rehabilitation of
pipelines.Pipe covered by this specification is in-
t0 operate at internal gage pressures of 450 psi (3103
less.
l-For the purposes of this standard, polymer does not inciude
vaiues given in inch-pound units are to be regarded
The values given in parentheses are provided
purposes only.
2-There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
nd portion, Section 8, of this specification: Tftis
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
iatedwith its use. It is the responsibility oJ the user
standard to establish appropriate safety and health
and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
Documents
Jtandards:'
Specification for Concrete Aggregates
specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20
is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D20.23 on Reinforced
ing Systems and Chemical Equipment.
edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published November 2006. Originally
in 1979. Last previous edition approved 2004 as D 3754
- 04
referenced ASTM standrds, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.ors. or
Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
information, refer to the standard's Document Summary page on
website
International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, Po Box c700, west conshohocken, pA 1 9428-2959, united states
An American National Standard
of
A
C-581 Practice for Determining Chemical Resistance of
Thermosetting Resins Used in Glass-Fiber-Reinforced
Structures Intended for Liquid Service
many D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D 695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid
Plastics
D 790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to
Plastics
D 2294 Test Method for Apparent Hoop Tensile Strength of
Plastic or Reinforced Plastic Pipe by Sptit Disk Method
D 2412 Test Method for Determination of External Loading
Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading
D 258,1 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
Resins
D 2592 Practice for Obtaining Hydrostatic or Pressure De-
sign Basis for "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced
Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe and Fittings
D 3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of "Fiber-
glass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) pipe
and Fittings
D 368 I Test Method for Chemical Resistance of "Fiber-
glass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin)
Pipe in a Deflected Condition
D 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
D 4161 Specification for "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-
Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe Joints Using Flex-
ible Elastomeric Seals
F 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
F 477 Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for
Joining Plastic Pipe
2.2 ISO Standard:
on IS0 I 172 Textile Glass Reinforced Plastics-Determination
of Loss on Ignition3
2.3 AWWA Standard:
3
Available fiom American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St..
4th Floo1 New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
 .($fP o srs4-oG
TABLE 1 General Designation Requirements for Fiberglass Pressure pipe 5.2.2 Aggregate-
Desig-
Property
quirements of Spec
natron Cell LimitsA
for gradation shall
Type 1 2 3 4 5.2.3 Reinforcer'
glassjiber-reinforced glassjiber-reintorced glassJiber-reinlorced glassJiber-rernforcr
with a sizing compr
thermosettingpolyesterBresin thermosettingpolyesleraresin thermosetting epoxy resin thermosetting epoxyfti
modar (RPMP polyester)a (RTRP polyester)B mortar (RPMP epoxy) (RTRP epoxy) 5.3 Liner and Su
Liner 1 2 3 4 both, when incorpo
reinforcedthermosetliner non-reinforcedthermoseiliner thermoplastic liner no ltner chemical and struct
Grade 1 2 3 4 56
Polyester resin polyestera resin polyester8 resin and epoxy resrn epoxy resin
5.4 Joints-The
No surh
surface layer- surface layer- sand surface layer surface layer- surface layer- layer
provide for fluid tigJ
reinlorceda nonreinforcedB nonreinforced reinforced nonreinforced particular type of jc
Ctassc C50 C100 C1s0 C200 C250 c300 c350 c400 c4t flexible or rigid del
5 Pipe Stiffness A B c
psi (kPa)
D
design conditions.
I (62) 18 (124) 36 (248) 72 (496)ABc
5.4.7 Unrestraint
unobtainab|epropertycombinationscanbeSe|ectediftheuseriSnotfami|iarWithcommercial|yaVai|ab|eproductS.Themanu|aclurershou|dbeconsU|ted'<
aForthepurposesofthisstandard,polyesterincludesvinyl esterresin. J'+'r't Loufllng
c Based on operating pressure in psig gfOOve either on
{numerals).
elastomeric gasket t

AwwA C-95{l Glass-Fiber Reinforced Thermosetting Resin structural wall (type) and liner, surface layer material 19, Provide watertightnt
Pipea
Pressure operating pressure (class), and pipe stiffness. Table ililL lyechln.tc
):::
types, liners, grades, classes, and stiffnesses that are
r'4'l'J Itu(r Jotntl
-,' 5.4.1
3. Terminology .4 Flanged
NorE 3-A11 possible combinations of types, liners, grades,rl, 5.4.2 Restrained- "
3.7 Definitions:
andsriffnessmaynorbecommerciallyavailable.Additionalrypei, nal pres.sure and
3.1.1 Genercti_Definitions are in accordance with Termi- lon
norogy D 8E3 or rerminorogy F.+l2 and il:l'?l'JTrj:ilff::.il3,':'..1.ji,JilT,t-.iT:T:"::$il; s.q..z'.r roints sim
Terminology D i600, unless otherwise indicated. "bb;;"#i;;'il;manufacturer for the proper class. type, iiner, grade, and sriffners resjr?t:t:Cjrtem-ents
3.2 Definitions oJ'Tenns SpeciJic to This Standard: tobeusedundertheinstallationandoperatingconditionsthatu'illei )'+'z'z ttutt Jotnt
3.2.1 f.bergtass pipe-a tubular product containing glass the project in which the pipe is to be used. 5.4.2.3 Bell-ancl-l
fiber reinfbrcements embedded in or sunounded by cured 4.2 Designation Requirements-l.he pipe materiats n
thermosetting resin. The composire strucrure may conrain narion code shall consist of rhe srandarJ a".ignution. 1, ^rt-11:!,,2"1t:11!^t
aggregate, granular or platelet lillers, thixotropic agents, pig- D 3154, followed by type, liner, and grade in aiabic ij,,illrltt".-bonded
numl < .
ments, or dyes. Thermopiastic or thermoselting liners or -ta.ss
Uy the letter C with two or three arabic numeral.".',
5'4'l'4'l
^ ^, lapered
?__- ._.

coatings mav be included. sriffness by a capital temer. Tabre r presenrs u r",,'J#i':1Tt:tl1T,*t:1i

3.2.2 flerible joint-a jotnt rhar is capable of axial displace- O""ignution requiremenrs. Thus a complere material code t
?Or.i"l ;Ot"q::..11:
ment or angular rotation, or both. consisr of ASTM D 3i54,three numerals, c...and t*m',
3.2.3 industrial pipe-pipe designed for internal, or external numerals, and a capital letter. ,.';l;i;] :r")"::f{'^
environments, or both, commonly encountered in industrial with an untapered str
piping systems used for many process solutions or effluents. Noru zl-Examples o1'the designation codes are as follows: (llJ 5.4.2.4.3 Tapered
^D^3754 1 I 3-c50-A for glass-fiber-reinfbrced aggregate and pol tl31 is manufacturec
3.2.4 liner-a resin layer, wiih or without filler or reinforce- resin
-''---.^^---- mofiar pipe with a reinforced themoset liner and an unlalered spigot and
ment, or both, fbrming the interior surface of t'-ne plpe' r::. \ A ) \ Ftnno..t
pollester resin and sand surlace layer. lbr operarion at 50 p:rinrijf
3.2.5 quatification test--one or more tests used to prove the '0;r
r1uut,rg a minimum pipe srillhess of 9 psi (62 kpa)
design of a product. Not a routine quality control test. D^nj3154-4-2-6-C200-C fbr glass-fiber-reinforced .po*y resin pipe ?i:) :'::tj! t,:of n'! {,
): :2 twecttantc('
3.2.6 reinforced polytner mortclr pipe-a fiberglass pipe unreinforced thermoset liner, no surface layer, for operation rt)t ,.r'+'z'I
^ pling with supplemel
with aggregate. (1380 kPa) and having a minimum pipe stiffness of 36 psi (24811

3.2.7 reinforced thermosetting resin pipe-a fiberglass pipe Nors 5-Although the "Form and Style for ASTM Standardf r Nore 6-Other rypes
without aggregate. requires that the type classification be roman numerals, it is reclr g1u11, available.
z.z..z rigia-joint-ajoint that is not capable of axial dis- :11t,**companieshavestencil-cuttingequipmentforthisstlJer Nore 7-Restrainedlr
and lt is therefore acceptable to mark the product type in arabicnur to greater than rhose cxp
placement or angular rotation.
3.2.9 sutface layer-a resin layer, with or without filler or 5. Materials and Manufacture
reinforcement, or both, applied to the exterior surface of the
::.:X:t'.'.:T,j',n3:"","
pipe srrucrural walt. 5.r General-The resins, reinforcements, colorants,t::,ql':::.t_j1"^ii'ji-o]t]:I
and other materials, when combined as a comoosite stu\ wltn restralned Jolnt syst
4. Classification shall produce a pipe that shall meet the performancerel 5.5 Gaskets-Elas
4.1 General-This specification covers liberglass sewer and ments of this specification. pipe, shall conform tc

industrial pressure pipe defined by raw materials in the
a
Available from American Water Works Association (AWWA), 6666 W Quincy
Ave., Denver, CO 80235, http://www.awwa.org.
5.2 Wall Composition-The basic structural wall cou
tion shall consist of a thermosetting resin, glass-fiber reinl
ment, and, if used, an aggregate filler.
5.2.1 Resin-A thermosetting polyester or epoxy resirl
or without filler.

486
 ,($Jp
A siliceous sand conforming to the re-
of Specification C 33, except that the requirements
shall not apply.
ement-A commercial grade of glass fiber
compatible with the resin used.
andSurface Layers-A liner or surface layer, or
incorporated into or onto the pipe shall meet the
$ructural requirements of this specification.
The pipe shall have a joining system that shall
tightness for the intended service condition' A
of joint may be restrained or unrestrained and
rigid depending on the specific conliguration anc
Pipe joints capable of withstanding
but not loneitudinal forces.
Coupling or Bell-and-Spigot Gasket Joints, with a
on the spigot or the bell to retain an
in
gasket that shall be the sole element of the joint to
tness. For typical joint details see Fig. I
Coupling Joint, with elsastomeric seals.
lllechanical
ButtJoint,with laminated overlay
Flanged Joint, both integral and loose ring.
joints capable of withstanding inter-
lonsitudinal tensile loads.
and
Ioints similar to those in 5.4.1.i with supplemental
elements.
Joint, with laminated overlay.
Butt
Bell-and-Spigot, with laminated overlay'
Belt-and-Spigot, adhesive-bonded-joint: Three types
joints are premitted by this standard as
I bell-and-spigor, an adhesive joint that ts
Tapered
tapered socket for use in conjunction with
with a
spigot and a suitable adhesive.
2 Straight belt-and-spigot, an adhesive joint that is
with an untapered socket for use in conjunction
spigot and a suitable adhesive.
Tapered bett and straight spigot, an adhesive joint
with a taoered socket for use with
spigot and a suitable adhesive.
Flanged Joint,both integral and loose ring.
Threaded Joints.
Mechanical Coupling, an elastomeric sealed cou-
supplemental restraining elements.
types of joints may be added as they become commer
joints typically increase service loads on the pipe
than those experienced with unrestrained joints. The purchaser
t0 take into consideration ail conditions that may be
in the anticipated service and to consult the manufacturer
tle suitability of a particular type and class of pipe for servtce
joint systems.
gaskets, when used with this
conform to the requirements of Specification F 477,
FlG. 1 Typical Joints
o3754-06
except that composition of the elastomer shall be as agreed
upon between the purchaser and the supplier for the particular
exposure to oily or aggressive-chemical environments.
6. Requiremenls Requirements
6.I Workmanship'.
6.1.1 Each pipe shall be free from all defects including
indentations, delaminations, bubbles, pinholes, cracks, pits,
blisters, foreign inclusions, and resin-starved areas that due to
their nature, degree, or extent, detrimentally affect the strength
and serrriceability of the pipe. The pipe shall be as uniform as
commercially practicable in color, opacity, density, and other
physical properties.
6.1.2 The inside surface ofeach pipe shall be free ofbulges,
dents, ridges, or other defects that result in a variation ofinside
diameter of more than 1/s in. (3.2 mm) from that obtained on
adjacent unaffected portions of the surface. No glass-liber
reinforcement shall penetrate the interior surface of the pipe
wall.
6. 1 .3 Joint sealing surfaces shall be free of dents, gouges, or
other surface irregularities that will affect the integrity of the
joints.
6.2 Dimensions:
6.2.1 Pipe Diameters---The pipe shall be supplied in the
nominal diameters shown in Table 2 or Tatrle 3. The pipe
diameter tolerances shall be as shown in Table 2 or Table 3,
when measured in accordance with 8. I ' 1.
be supplied in
6.2.2 Length^s-The pipe shall nominal
lengths of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 60 ft (3.05, 6.10, 9.15, 12.19, and
18.29 m). The actual laying length shall be the nominal length
+2 in. (+51 mm), when measured in accordance with 19.-|.2. At
least 90 7o of the total footage of any one size and class,
excluding special-order lengths, shall be furnished in the
nominal lengths specified by the purchaser. Random lengths, if
fumished, shall not vary from the nominal lengths by more
than 5 ft (1.53 m), or 25 7o, whichever is less.
6.2.3 Watt Thickness-The average wall thickness of the
pipe shall not be less than the nominal wall thickness published
an
in the manufacturer's literature current at the time of purchase,
and the minimum wall thickness at any point shall not be less
than 87.5 7o of the nominal wall thickness when measured in
accordance with 8.1.3.
6.2.4 Squareness of Pipe Ends-All points around each end
+V+ in. (6.4 mm) or !05 7o of
of a pipe unit shall fall within
the nominal diameter of the pipe, whichever is greater, to a
plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pipe, when
measured in accordance with 8.1.4.
6.3 Chemicttl Requirements:
6.3.1 Sanitary Sewer Service :
6.3.1.1 Long-Term-Pipe specimens, when tested in accor-
dance with 8.2.1 shall be capable of being deflected, without
failure, at the 50 year strain level given in Table 4 when
exposed to 1.0 N sulfuric acid.
487
 I

,{$}P os7s4-06
TABLE 2 Nominal Inside Diameters (lD) and Tolerances Inside Diameter Control Pipe

lD Range,B mm on
Tolerancec Nora-The external r

Nominal Nominal l/elric lD

Declared maximum and minimu.
Tolerances, in
Diameter,A in Diameter,a mm Minimum Maximum mm tolerances at the spigol
8 10.25 200 196 204 rt.3
10 xo.25 250 246 255 =
t.c
*1.8 Nominal
+0.25 300 296 306
+2.4 Pipe Size, in.
14 *0.25 400 396 408
+4.25 496 510 +3.0
tc 500
612 + 3.6
lo +o.25 600 595
+0.25 714 +4.2
'18 700 695
* 0.25 795 816 +4,2
20 800 10
+ 4.2
+0.25 900 895 918
+0.25 995 1 020
+5.0
24 1 000
+0.27 1195 1220 +5.0 12
27 1 200
+0.30 395 1420 *5.0
30 1 400 1

+0.33 1 620
+5.0
33 1 600 1 s95
+0.36 795 1820 +5.0
36 1 800 1

+0.39 1 995 2020 +5.0

39 2000
*6.0 to
42 +o.42 (2200) 21 95 2220
+0.45 2395 2420 +6.0
45 2400
*0.48 2620 + 6.0
48 (2600) 2595 18
cl +0.51 2800 2795 2820 t6.0 20
+0.54 3020 +6.0
(3000) 2995 24
* 0.60 3220 +7,0
60 3200 31 95
+7.0 30
66 +0.66 (3400) 3395 3420
3620 x7.A 36
72 !0.72 3600 3595
78 * 0.78 (3800) 3795 3820 +7.0 a
+0.84 4020 +7.0 48
84 4000 3995
90 +0.90 54
96 +0.96 60
102 +1.00
108 +1.00 Metric
114 +1.00 Pipe Size, mm
120 +1.00
tJz +1.00 200
*1.00 250
144
+1.00 300
tco
Alnside diameters other than those shown shall be permitted by agreement between purcnaser and suppller.
- 350
400
EValues are taken from International Slandards Organization documents. Parentheses indicate non-preferred diameters 450
500
600
NorE S-See Appeniiix Xl fbr derivation of the minimum sanitary determined by previous documented service to be acapl 700
sewer pipe chemical requirements given in thble 4. for the service conditions. Where service conditions ha\t 800
NorE 9-The calculations in T*blc 4 and;\ppe ndir X I assume that the been evaluated, a suitable resin may also be seleclel 900
neutral axis is at the pipe wall midpoint. For pipe wall constructions that agreement between the manui'acturer and purchaser'
1 000

produce an altered neutral axis position, it is necessary to evaluate results 1200

1400
and establish requirements substituting 21' lor t' (f is the ntaximum Nore 1l-The results obtained by this test shall serve as agutdt
'1600
distance from the neutral axis to the plpe surface.) in the selection of a pipe material fbr a specific service applicatiol
1 800
purchaser is cautioned to evaluate all of the various factors thatnalr 2000
6.3.1.2 Contrcl Requirements-Test pipe specimens peri- into the serviceability of a pipe material when subjected to chtl 2200
odically in accordance with 8.2. 1.3, following the procedure of environment, including chemical resistance in the strained conditill 2400
8.2.i.4, or alternatively, the procedure of E.?"1.5. 2600
6.4 Soundness-Unless otherwise agreed upon bell
2800
6.3.1.3 When the procedure of i{.2. i.4 is used, the following purchaser and supplieq test each length of pipe up toir 3000
three criteria must be met: a) the average failure time at each (1370 mm) diameter hydrostatically without leakage oru 3200
strain level must fall at or above the lower 95 7o confidence 3400
ing, at the internal hydrostatic proof pressures speciliedt
iimit of the originally determined regression line, b) no applicable class in Table ,5Table TTable I when test
3600
3800
specimen-failure times may be sooner than the lowet 95 Vo 4000
accordance with 8.3. For sizes over 54 in., the frequenr
prediction limit of the originally determined regression line'
hydrostatic leak tests shall be as agreed upon by purchasr
and c) one-third or more of the specimen failure times must be
supplier.
on or above the originally determined regression line.
6.5 Hydrostatic Design Basis:
Nore l0-Determine the lower 95 70 con{idence limit and the lower 6.5.1 Long-Term Hydrostatic Pressure-The pri
95 7o prediction limit in accordance with to r\nne.r Af .
classes shall be based on long-term hydrostatic pressutt

6.3.1.4 When the alternative method of 8.2.i"5 is used, obtained in accordance with 8.4 and categorized in accott

failure shall not occur in any specimen. with Table {r. Pressure classes are based on exffalt

6.3.2 Inclustrial Service-The resin component of the liner strengths at 50 years. For pipe subjected to longitudinal
or of the surface layer, or both, shall be a commercial-grade or circumferential bending, the effect of these conditionsir
colrosion-resistant thermoset that has either been evaluated in hydrostatic design pressure classification of the pipe mu

a laminate bv test. in accordance with f:1.2.2, or that has been considered.

,188
 {Jp o37s4-oo
TABLE 3 Nominal Outside Diameters (OD) and Tolerances
and the manufacturer shall declare his allowable
Jre of the pipe at the spigots shall be within the tolerances given in the tab1e,
external diameter
diameters. Some pipes are manufactured such that the entire pipe meets the OD tolerances while other pipes meet the
and minimum spigot

atthe spigots, in which case, rf such pip". ur" cut

(shortened) the ends may need to be calibrated to meet the tolerances'

Tolerance,
Qtool 9ino Tolerance, Cast lron PiPe
Nominal
in.
Equivalent (lPS) in. Equivalent
PipSize, in.
tn.
OD's, in,
+0.086 9.05
I 8.625
-0.040
10 10.750 +0.108 1 1.10
r0.06
-0.048
12 12.750 +0.'128 13.20

-0,050
'15.30
14 14 000 +0.1 40
-0.062
ra 1A n00 +0.160 17.40
+0.05
-0.070
-0.08
18 ., .
19.50
21.60
20
25.80
24
?n 32.00
38.30
44 50
$.08
+L
50.80 -0.06
4B

54 ... 5i.56
60 ... 61.61

Upper, International O.D., Tolerance Uppef

Ductile lron Pipe Tolerance Tolerance Lower,
mm
Size, mm Eouivalent, mm mm mm mm

200 220.0 +1.0 0.0

271.8 +1 .0 -0.2
250
-i.o -r.o
300 323.8 +1.0 -0.3 310
+1.0 -1.2
JTC,I + .0
1 -0.3 361
350
+1 .0 -'1.4
400 426.6 +1.0 -0.3 412
+1.0 -1.6
450 477.6 +1.0 -0.4 463
+1 .0 -1.8
500 529.5 +1.0 -0 4 514
+1.0 -2.0
632.5 + .0
1
-0.5 616
600
718 +1 .0 -2.2
700
820 +1.0 -2.4
800
924 +1.0 -2.6
900
1026 +2.0 -2.6
1 000
1225 +2.0 -2.6
1200
1434 +2.0 -2.8
1400
1 638 +2.0 -2.8
1600
1842 +2.O -3.0
1 800
2046 +2.0 -3.0
2000
2250 +2.0 -3.2
2200
2453 +2.0 -3.4
2400
2658 +2.0 -3.6
2600
2861 +2.0 -3.8
2800
3066 +2.O -4.0
3000
3270 +2.0 -4.2
3200
3474 +2.0 -4.4
3400
3678 +2.0 -4.O
3000
3882 +2.0 -4.8
3800
4086 +2.0 -5.0
4000

489
 -_
/flI.
fl,51P D37s4-06
TABLE 4 Minimum Sanitary Sewer Pipe Chemical Requirements
sct
Nore-The values in th
Minimum Strain
Pipe Stiffness,
psi (kPa) 6 min 10 h 100 h '1 000 10 000 50 years

e (62) 0.97 (Vde) 0.84 (r/d) 0.78 (Vd) 0.73 (vd) 0.68 (Vd) 0.60 (t/dl Nominal
18 (124) 0.8s (vd) 0.72 (1/d) 0.66 (Vd) 0.61 (Vd) 0.56 (Vd) 0.49 (t/dl Diameter
36 (248) 0.71 (Vd) 0.60 (vd) 0.55 (r/d) 0.51 (r/d) 0.47 ([d) 0.41 (t/0 (in ) U3U
72 (456) 0.56 (Vd) 0.48 (Vd) 0.44 (tld\ 0 41 (Vd) 0.38 (Vd) 0.34 (Udl (psi)

Where: f and dare the nominal total wall thickness and the mean diameter (inside diameter plus t) as determined in accordance with 8.1 8 80(
'10 100(
12 120(
TABLE 5 Hydrostatic-Pressure Test 6.6 Stiffness-Each length of pipe shall have sufllt 1 40(

Hydrostatic Proo{ Pressure, strength to exhibit the minimum pipe stiffness (F/Ay) spui tc 1 50(

16 1 60(
gage, psi (kPa) in Tatrler 7 when tested in accordance with 8.5. At defln 18 1 80(

c50 100 (689) level A per 'flrble 8, there shall be no visible damage in tlti 20 200(
200 (1 379)
c1 00
300 (2068)
specimen evidenced by surface cracks. At deflection lert 21 210(
c150 24 2401
c200 4OO (2757t per"flble 8, there shall be no indication of structural damall 27 2701
c250 500 (3447) evidenced by interlaminar separation, separation of the lrt 30 300(
c300 600 (41 36)
700 (4826)
surface layer (if incorporated) from the structural wall, ter 33 330(
UJCU 36 360(
c400 800 (551 5) failure of the glass-fiber reinfbrcement, fracture, or buck|r' 39 390(
c450 eoo (6205) the pipe wall. 42 4201
450(
Nore 13-This is a visual observation (rnade with the unaidedert 4A 480(
quality control purposes only, and should not be considered a simu cl 51 0(
TABLE 6 Long-Term Hydrostatic Pressure Categories
selvice test. Tabl* E values are based on an in-use long-term deiti
FA 540(
Minrmum Calculated Values of 60 600(
limit of 5 % and provide an appropriate uniform safety margin foralL:
Class Long-Term Hydrostatic 66 660(
stiffnesses. Since the pipe-stiffness values (F/Ay) shown in Tablel'
Pressure gage, psi (kPa) 72 720\
the percent deflection of the pipe under a given set of in$411, 78 7801
c50 e0 (621)
conditions will not be constant lbr all pipes. To avoid possible nnr 84 8401
c1 00 180 (1241)
(1862)
cation, take care to analyze all conditions that might aft'ect performan 90 900r
c1 50 270 96 960r
c200 s6o (2482) the installed pipe.
102 10 201
c2s0 450 (31 03)
540 (3722)
6.6.1 For other pipe stiffness levels, appropriate valuei 108 10 801
c300 114 11 401
c350 630 (4343) Level A and Level B deflections (Table 8) may be computti 120 12 00
c400 72o (4963) fbllows: tJz 13 20
c450 81 0 (5584)
144 14 40
Level A ar new PS : (-#*)"',n, 156 15 60

TABLE 7 Minimum Stiffness at 5 % Deflection

Nominal Pipe Stiffness, psi (kPa) Level B at new PS : new Level A: 0.6 condition. Ri gid jointt
Diameter,
Designation requirements of D41
in.
6.6.2 Since products may have use limits of other 6urrjoints with laminated
8 36 (248) 72 (4e6) long-term defleition, Level A and Level B deflections (Tabrnated.overlay, flange
10 18 (124) 36 (248) 72 (4s6)
12 and greater 18 (124) 36 (248) 72 (496) rnuy U" proportionally adjusted to maintain equivalent; threaded'
safety margins. For example, a 4 Vo long-term limiting dd 6'9^ Longitudinal S
tion would result in a 20 7o reduction of Level A andlet 6'9 'I Beam Strengt
deflections, while a 6 % limiting deflection would resultirte pipe shall
withs
TABLE I Ring Deflection Without Damage or Structural Failure
207o increase in Level A and Level B deflection *1 speci{iedin X'abXe.ll'
Nominal Pipe Stiffness, psi However. minimum values for Level A and Level B defleclPlPe slzes larger tnan
18 shall be equivalent to strains of 0.6 and 1.0 7o respectiveil adequate beam strenl
Level A 18% 't5 "k 9% computed by Eq X1.1 in.Appenclix Xl). presslon tests conou(
Level B 30% 25 "k 20 "k 15%
6.i Hoop-Teisile manufactured unresPectively' for pipe
Strengti-ltl pipe
this specifiiation shall meet or exceed the hoop-tensils s11fl dinal direction' usinp
shown for each size and class in Table 9 and Table ;g,o'strengths specified in
tested in accordance with 8.6. 6.9.2 Longitudinal
6.5.2 C ontrol Re quiremenf.r-Test pipe specimens periodi-
6.J.1 Alternative Requiremenl.s-When agreed upon under this specificati
cally in accordance with the reconflrmation procedures de- br

purchaser and the supplier, the minimum hoop tensile elongation at failure
scribed in Practice D:992. 511s'

shall be as detemined in accordance with 8.6. l. tudinal tensile strengl

NorE 12-Hydrostatic design basis (HDB txtrapolated value at 50
years) <letermined in accordance with Procedure A of Practice D 29t)2,
may be substituted for the Procedure B evaluation required by B'1. It is
generally accepted that the Procedure A value multiplied by 3 is equivalent
to the Procedure B value.
6.8 Joint Tightness-All joints shall meet the labon12 and Table 13' wht
performance requirements of Specification [] 4161. lr Nors 14-The values
strained joints shall be tested with a fixed end closure condl producrs made to this sti
and restrained ioints shall be tested with a free end 1;lqi axial strength of some pr

490
 .(flp o3zs4-oo
TABLE 9 Minimum Hoop Tensile Strength of Pipe Wall
values in this table are equal to ZPD, where P is the pressure class in psi and D is the nominal diameter in inches.
Inch-Pound Units
Hoop Tensile Strength, lbvin. Width

Pressure Class
c50 c100 c150 c200 c250 c300 c350 c400 c450
(psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi)
800 1600 2400 3200 4000 4800 5600 6400 7200
1 000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
1200 2400 3600 4800 6000 7200 8400 9600 10 800
1 400 2800 4200 5600 7000 8400 9800 11 200 12 600
1 500 3000 4500 6000 7500 9000 10 500 12 000 13 500
1 600 3200 4800 6400 8000 9600 11 200 12 800 14 400
1 800 3600 5400 7200 9000 10 800 12 600 14 400 16 200
2000 4000 6000 8000 10 000 12 000 14 000 16 000 18 000
21 00 4200 6300 8400 10 500 12 600 14 700 16 800 18 900
2400 4800 7200 9600 12 000 14 400 16 800 19 200 21 600
2700 5400 81 00 10 800 13 500 16200 18 900 21 600 24300
3000 6000 9000 12 000
'13 200
15 000 18 000 21 000 24000 27 000
3300 6600 9900 16 500 19 800 23 100 26 400 29 700
3600 7200 10 800 14 400 18 000 21 600 25 200 28 800 32400
3900 7800 11 700 15 600 19 500 23 400 27 300 31 200 35 100
4200 8400 12 600 16 800 21 000 25 200 29 400 33 600 37 800
4500 9000 13 500 18 000 22 500 27 000 31 500 36 000 40 500
4800 9600 14 400 19 200 24 000 28 800 33 600 38 400 43200
51 00 10 200 15 300 20 400 25 500 30 600 35 700 40 800 45 900
5400 10 800 16 200 21 600 27 000 32 400 37 800 43200 48 600
6000 12 000 18 000 24 000 30 000 36 000 42 000 48 000 54 000
6600 13 200 19 800 26 400 33 000 39 600 46 200 52 800 59 400
7200 14 400 21 600 28 800 36 000 43 200 50 400 57 600 64 800
7800 15 600 23 400 31 200 39 000 46 800 54 600 62400 70200
8400 16 800 25 200 33 600 42 000 50 400 58 800 67 200 75 600
9000 18 000 27 000 36 000 45 000 54 000 63 000 72000 81 000
9600 19 200 28 800 38 400 48 000 57 600 67 200 76 800 86 400
10 200 20 400 30 600 40 800 51 000 61 200 71 400 81 600 91 800
10 800 21 600 32 400 43 200 54 000 64 800 75 600 86 400 97 200
11 400 22 800 34 200 45 600 57 000 68 400 79 800 91 200 10 2600
12 000 24 000 36 000 48 000 60 000 72 000 84 000 96 000 108 000
13 200 26 400 39 600 52 800 66 000 79 200 92 400 105 600 1 18 800
14 400 28 800 43 200 57 600 72 000 86 400 100 800 115 200 129 600
15 600 31 200 46 800 62 400 78 000 93 600 1 09 200 124800 140 400

Rigid joints shall be exempt from angular deflection
of D4161. Rigid joints typically include butt
laminated overlay, bell-and-spigot joints with lami-
y, flanged, bell-and-spigot adhesive bonded and
Strength: :
Beam Strength-For pipe sizes up to 2'7 in. (686 mm),
shall withstand, without failure, the beam loads
inTable ll, when tested in accordance with 8.7.1. For
larger than 27 in., and altematively for smaller sizes,
beam strength is demonstrated by tensile and com-
te$s conducted in accordance with 8.1 .2 and 8.7.3
, for pipe wall specimens oriented in the longitu-
using the minimum tensile and compression
specified in Table 11.
Iangitudinal Tensile Strength-All pipe manufactured
is speciflcation shall have a minimum axial tensile
at failure of 0.25Vo and meet or exceed the longi-
iile strength shown for each size and class in Table
13, when tested in accordance with 8.7.2.
14-The values listed in lable
12 are the minimum criteria for
made The values mav not be indicative of the
to this standard.
ofsome products, or of the axial strength required by some
installation conditions and joint confi gurations.
6.9.3 Conformance to the requirements of 6.9.1 shall satisfy
the requirements of 6"9.2 for those pipe sizes and classes where
the minimum longitudinal tensile strength values of Table 11
are equal to the values of Table 12. Conformance to the
requirements of 6.9"2 shall satisfy the longitudinal tensile
strength requirements of 6.9. l.
7. Sampling
'7.I Lot-Unless otherwise agreed upon by the purchaser
and the supplier, one lot shall consist of 100 lengths of each
type, grade, and size of pipe produced.
7.2 Production Tests-Select one pipe at random from each
lot and take one specimen from the pipe barrel to determine
conformance of the material to the workmanship, dimensional,
and strength requirements of 6.1,5"2,6.6, and 6.7 respectively.
Unless otherwise agreed upon between purchaser and supplier,
all pipes (up to 54 in. diameter) shall meet the soundness
requirements of 6.4.
7.3 Qualification Tests-Sampling for qualification tests is
not required unless otherwise agreed upon by the purchaser and
the supplier. Qualiflcation tests, for which a certiflcation and

491
 .{$}p o3254-06
TABLE 10 Minimum Hoop Tensile Strength of Pipe Wall
Sl Units Nominal
Diameter,
Hoop Tensile Strength N/mm Width in.
Pressure c400
c50 c100 U ICU c200 c250 c300 UJCU c450 8
Class
10
Nominal 't2
345 689 1 034 1379 1724 2069 2414 2759 3103
Diameter (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) 14
(kPa) (kPa) (kPal
(mm) tc
552 690 828 966 1104 to
200 138 276 1241
18
250 173 345 ct/ 690 862 1 035 1207 1 380 1 552

1 034 1241 1 448 1 655

20
300 207 413 620 827 1 862

350 242 482 724 965 1207 1 448 1 690 1 931 2172

776 1 034 1 293 1552 1811 2069 24

J/J 259 517 2321

11 03 1 379 655 931 2207 27

400 276 f,)l 827 1 1 2482

1241 1552 1 862 2173 2483 30

450 311 620 931 2793

1 379 1724 2069 2414 2759 33

500 345 689 1 034 3103

758 1517 1 896 2276 2655 3035 36

550 380 I lJ/ 3413

1241 1 655 2069 2483 2897 331 39

600 827 1 3724

1448 931 2414 2897 3380 3863 42

700 483 965 1 4344

2069 2586 31 04 3621 41 39 45

750 518 1 034 1 551 4655

2931 4104 4690 48

850 587 1171 1758 2344 JCt/ 5275

4345 4966 cl
900 621 1240 1 861 2482 31 03 3724 5585

2758 3448 41 38 4828 551 8 54

1 000 690 1378 2068 6200

3793 4552 6070 60

1100 759 1 s16 2275 3034 531 1 6827

2378 3172 3965 4759 5552 6346 66

11 50 794 1 585 71 3i

2482 41 38 4966 5794 6622 72

1 200 828 1 654 331 0 7 44i

4482 5379 6276 7173 78

1 300 897 1791 2688 3585 8068

4827 5793 6759 7725 a4

1 400 966 1 929 2895 3861 8688

5172 6207 7242 8277 90

1 500 1 035 2067 3102 4137 93t9

4689 5862 7035 8208 9381 96

1 700 1173 2343 351 6 10550
'l02
1 800
'1242 2480 3722 4964 6206 7448 8690 9932 11 171

't380 6896 8276 9656 11 036 12 108

2000 2756 41 36 551 6 412
11/
2200 1518 3032 4550 6068 7586 9104 10 622 12'140 13653
.1587 7930 9517 11 104 12 691 120
2300 31 69 4756 6343 14214

4963 I 8275 9931 11 587 13 243 132

2400 1 656 3307 661 14894

2600 1794 3583 5377 7 171 8965 10 759 12 553 14 347 16 130

11 586 13 518 15 450 156

2800 1 932 38s8 5790 7722 9654 17 3n

2900 2001 3996 5997 7998 9999 12 000 14 001 16 002 17 9!7

3000 2070 4'134 6204 8274 10 344 12 414 14 484 16 554 18 618

3400 2346 4685 7031 9377 11 723 14 069 16 415 18 761 21 100

3600 2484 4961 7445 9929 12 413 14 897 17 381 19 865 22342 8.7.4 Squarene,
4000 2760 5512 8272 11 032 13 792 16 552 19 312 22 072 24824
mandrel or trunior
dial indicator. The
distance fiom a pl
the pipe. Alternati'
test repoft shall be furnished when requested by the purchaser, 7.5 For individual orders, conduct only those additror rigidly fixed by
include the following: tests and number of tests specifically agreed upon bettrl reinspected at int
7.3.1 Sanitary sewer service, long-term chemical test. purchaser and supplier. squareness of the
7.3.2 Industrial service resin component chemical test. A 8.2 Chemical T,

copy of the resin manuf-acturer's test report may be used as the 8. Test Methods 8.2.1 Sanitary-i
basis of acceptance for this test as agreed upon by the 8.1 Dimensions: with Test Method
purchaser and the supplier.
8.1.1 Diameters:
8.2.I.1 Long-Te
7.3.3 Long-term hydrostatic pressure test. ments of 6.3.{, de
8.1.1.1 Inside Diameter-Take inside diameter meatu
dance with Test M
7.3.4 Joint-tightness test, see 6.E.
ments at a point approximately 6 in. (152 mm) fiom the md
7.3.5 Longitudinal strength test, including: 8.2.1.2 Alterna
the pipe section using a steel tape or an inside micrometetl specimens each at
7.3.5.1 Beam strength, and
graduations of t/rc in. (l mm) or less. Take two 90" opposi in Table 4 and test
1 .3.5.2 Longitudinal tensile strength.
measurements at each point of measurement and averagel minimum strains
J.4 Control 2srs-The following tests are considered con-
readings. qualified if all I 8
trolrequirements and shall be performed as agreed upon
between the purchaser and the supplier. 8.1.1.2 Outside Diameter-Detetmine in accordanceti least the prescribe
Test Method D.1567. 1000 or 10 000 h I
J .4.1 Soundness Test-60 tn. (1524 mm) diameter pipe and
larger 8.1 .2 Length-Measure with a steel tape or gage hati 8.2.1 .3 Control
J.4.2 Perform sampling and testing for the control require- graduations of tAe in. (l mm) or less. Lay the tape or gagt in accordance with
ments for sanitary sewer service at least once annually. or inside the pipe and measure the overall laying length of the results.
7.4.3 Perform sampling and testing fbr the control require- pipe. 8.2.I.4 Test at l
ments for hydrostatic design basis at least once every two 8.1 .3 Wall Thickness-Determine in accordance withl conesponding to t
Method f,) 3567. product's regressic
vears.

492
 ([fp o3754-06
TABLE 11 Beam Strength Test Loads
Minimum Longitudinal Tensile Strength, Minimum Longitudinal Compressive Strength,
Beam Load, P, per Unit of Circumference per Unit of Circumference

tn. (kN) (kN/m) (kN/m)

800 (3 6) 580 (1 02) 580 (1 02)

8
1 200 (5 3) 580 (102) 580 (1 02)
10
1 600 (7 1l 580 (1 02) 580 (1 02)
12

2200 IO e\ 580 (1 02) 580 (1 02)

l4
2600 (11 .6) 580 (1 02) 580 (1 02)
15
(1s.3) 580 (1 02) 580 (1 02)
16 3000
580 02) 580 (1 02)
18 4000 (17.8) (1

(1e.6) 580 (1 02) 580 (1 02)

20 4400
(22.2) 580 (1 02) 580 (1 02)
21 5000
(28.5) 580 (1 02) 580 (1 02)
24 6400
580 (1 02) 580 (1o2],
8000
580 (1 02) 580 (1 02)
30

33 640 (111 ) 640 (111 )

700 (1221 700 (122)
36
780 (1 37) 780 (1 37)
39
(1 40) 800 (1 40)
a 800
860 (1 50) 860 (1 50)
45
920 (161) 920 (161)
48
980 (171) 980 (171)
cl
1 040 (1 82) 1 040 (182)
54
1140 (200) 1140 (200)
60
1260 (22o) 1 260 (220)
66
1 360 (238) 1 360 (238)
72
1 480 (260) 1 480 (260)
78
1 600 (280) 1 600 (280)
84
1720 (301) 1720 (301)
90
'1840 (322) 1 840 (322)
96
1 940 (340) 1 940 (340)
102
2060 (360) 2060 (360)
108
2180 (382) 21 80 (382)
114
2280 (400) 2280 (400)
120
2520 (4401 2520 (440\
132
2740 (480) 2740 (480)
144
2964 (51e) 2964 (51e)
156

Squareness of Pipe Ends-Rotate the pipe on
or trunions and measure therunout of the ends with a
Thetotal indicated reading is equal to twice the
ftom a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of
Altematively, when the squareness of the pipe ends is
fixed by tooling, the tooling may be verified and
at intervals frequent enough to assure that the
of the pipe ends is maintained within tolerance.
ical Tests:
Sanitary-Sewer Seruice-Test the pipe in accordance
Method D 3681.
Inng-Term-To find if the pipe meets the require-
of 6.3.1, determine at least 18 failure points in accor-
ith Test Method D 3681 .
.2 Alternative Qualffication Procedure-Test four
each at the 10 and 10 000 h minimum strains given
4 and test five specimens each at the 100 and 1000 h
strains given in Table 4. Consider the product
if all 18 specimens are tested without failure for at
prescribed times given in Table 4 (that is, 10, 100,
10000 h respectively).
,3 ControlRequirements-Test at least six specimens
with one of the following procedures and record
.4 Test at least 3 specimens at each of the strain levels
to the 100- and 1000-h failure times from the
regression line established in 8.2.1.
a 8.2.1.5 When the altemative method described in 8.2. 1.2 is
used to qualify the product, test at least three specimens each
at the 100 and 1000 h minimum strains given in Table 4 for at
least 100 and 1000 h respectively.
8.2.1.6 The control test procedures of 8.2.1.5 may be used
as an alternative procedure to the reconfirmation procedure
described in Test Method D 3681 for those products evaluated
by the alternative qualiflcation procedure described in 8.2.1.2.
8.2.2 Industrial Service-The resin component of the liner
or of the surface layer, or both, to be subjected to an aggressive
service environment, shall be tested in accordance with Test
Method C581, except that the specimens tested shal1 be
representative of the laminate construction used in the liner or
surface layer, or both.
8.3 Soundness-Determine soundness by a hydrostatic
proof test procedure. Place the pipe in a hydrostatic pressure
testing machine that seals the ends and exerts no end loads. Fill
the pipe with water, expelling all air, and apply internal water
pressure at a uniform rate not to exceed 50 psi (345 kPa)/s until
the test pressure shown in Table 5 for the applicable class is
reached. Maintain this pressure for a minimum of 30 s. The
pipe shall show no visual signs of weeping, leakage, or fracture
of the structural wall.
8.4 Long-Term Hydrostatic Pressure-Determine the long-
term hydrostatic pressure at 50 years in accordance with
Procedure B of Practice D 2992, with the following exceptions
permitted:

493
 .(fiP o3754-oo
TABLE 12 Longitudinal Tensile Strength ol Pipe Wall
lnch-Pound Units
Longitudinal Tensile Strength lb{/in. of Circumference
Nominal Pressure
Pressure Class
Diameter
(in ) c50 c100 c1 50 c200 c250 c300 c350 c400 c450

(psr) (psr) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) ln(l Nominal
Dlameter
8 580 580 580 580 580 624 700 800 901
(mm)
'10 580 580 580 580 650 780 875 1 000 112i

12 580 s80 580 624 780 936 1 050 1 200 1 350 200
1A 580 580 609 728 910 1092 1225 1 400 tcn 250
tc 580 580 653 780 975 1170 IJIJ 1 500 108t 300
to 580 s80 696 832 1 040 1248 1 400 1 600 1 801 350
.18 375
580 580 783 936 1170 1404 1 575 1 800 2025

20 580 580 870 1 040 1 300 1 560 1 750 2000 225t 400
21 580 609 9"14 1092 1 365 1 638 1 838 2100 230t 450
1248 '1800 2100 2400 500
580 696 1044 1 560 2700

27 580 783 1175 1404 1 688 2025 2363 2700 303i 550
30 s80 870 1 305 1 560 't875 2250 2625 3000 337r 600
33 627 957 1 436 1716 2063 2475 2888 3300 371J 700
36 684 1044 I 500 1800 2250 2700 3.150 3600 4051 750
39 741 11 31 1697 1872 2340 2808 3276 3744 4212 850
42 798 1218 1827 201 6 2520 3024 3528 4032 4531 900
1 958 60 2700 3244 3780 4320 1 000
4C 855 1 305 21 4861
'1
48 912 1 392 2088 2304 2880 3456 4032 4608 5184 100
cl 969 1 479 2219 2448 3060 3672 4284 4896 5501 1150
1 026 1 566 2345 2592 3240 3726 4347 4968 558! 1200
11 40 1740 2520 2880 3600 4140 4830 5520 1 300
60 621i

3795 4554 5808 1 400

66 1254 1914 2673 3036 531 3 6534

2916 3312 4140 4968 5796 6336 1 500

72 1 368 2OBB 71 2t

78 1 482 21 06 31 59 3432 4290 51 48 6006 6864 7122 1700

'1800
84 1 596 2268 3402 3696 4620 5292 6174 7056 7938

90 17 10 2430 3645 3960 4950 5670 661 5 7380 830t 2000

96 1824 2592 3888 4224 5280 6048 7056 7680 8641 2200
102 1938 2754 4tJl 4488 561 0 6426 7497 81 60 9r8l 2300
108 2052 291 6 4374 4752 5940 6804 7938 8640 9721 2400
11t 2166 3078 4617 501 6 6274 7182 8379 91 20 10 26i 2600
120 2280 3240 4860 5280 6600 7560 8820 9600 10 8ti 2800
132 2508 3564 5346 5808 7260 831 6 9702 10 560 11 88N 29oo
144 2736 3888 5832 6336 7920 9072 10 584 11 520 12 960 3000
156 2964 631 8 6864 8580 9828 1t400 12 480 14 040 3400
3600
4000

8.4. I
Test at ambient temperatures within the limits of 50"F surface layer (if incorporated) from the structural wall, lel'
(10'C) and 110'F (43.5"C) and report the temperature range failure of the glass-fiber reinforcement, fracture, or bucklinr
experienced during the tests. the pipe wall. Calculate the pipe stiffness at 5 7o deflectml determine the sper
8.5.3 For production testing, only one specimen need
Use the measure
NorE 15 Tests indicate no significant effects on long-term hydrostatic
hoop-tensile stren
pressure within the ambient temperature range specilied. tested to determine the pipe stiffness.
8.5.4 The maximum specimen length may be 12 tn,ir 8.6.1 Alternat
8.4.2 Determine the hydrostatic design basis fbr the glass- Requirement-As
mm), or the length necessary to include stiffening ribs iitt
flber reinfbrcement in accordance with the method in Antt*x strength values n
are used, whichever is greater.
,{}. following formula
8.4.3 Calculate the long-term hydrostatic pressure and cat- NorE 16-As an alternative to cletermining pipe stifthess usirl

egorize by class in accordance with Tablc 6. Annex .,{1.{r apparatus and procedure of Test Method l] :4 I 2, the supplier ma,r srl
explains how to calculate the long-term hydrostatic pressure. to the purchaser for approval a test method and test evaluation basir
where:
Test Method D 790 accounting for the substitution of curved
8.5 StifJness-Determine the pipe stiffness (flAl) at 5 7o F = required m
teslq

mens and measurement of stiffness at -5 % deflection.

deflection for the specimen, using the apparatus and procedure Si = initial desi,
of Test Method il:,:11:, with the following exceptions permit- 8.6 Hoop-Tensile Strength-Determine hoop tenr S, = hoop tensil
ted: strength by Test Method i] 2290, except that the sectioni P = rated opere
8.5.1 Measure the wall thickness to the nearest 0.01 in. apparatus and test specimens may be modified to suit ther r = inside radir
(0.25 mm). of the specimens to be tested. and the maximum load talet The value for J
8.5.2 Load the specimen to 5 c/c deflection and record the not exceed 0. l0 in./min (2.54 mm/min). Alternativdy, variations in glass
load. Then load the specimen to deflection level A per "}'uble li Method D 638 may be employed. Specimen width mar methods, but in a:
and examine the specimen lbr visible damage evidenced by increased for pipe wall thickness greater than 0.55 in (ll lower confidence'u
surface cracks. Then load the specimen to deflection level B mm). Means may be provided to minimize the beni manufacturer's test
per'li:hle I and examine for evidence of structural damage, as moment imposed during the test. Three specimens shallh value for S, shoul
evidenced by interlaminar separction, separation of the liner or from the test sample. Record the load to tail each specimer. hydrostatic design
Nore l7-A value r

494
 ,($fp o37s4-06
TABLE 13 Longitudinal Tensile Strength.ot Pipe Wall
Sl Units
Longitudinal Tensile Strength N/mm of Circum{erence

c50 c100 c150 c200 c250 c300 c450

345 689 1034 1379 2069 2414 2759 3103

(kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa)
lmm)

200 102 102 102 102 102 109 123 140 158
250 102 102 102 102 to/ 153 | /c 197
300 102 102 102 109 137 164 '184 210 236
350 102 102 107 127 159 191 215 245 276
375 102 102 1aA to/ 171 205 230 263 296
400 102 102 122 146 182 219 245 280 315
450 102 102 IJT 164 205 246 276 315 355
500 102 102 152 142 228 273 306 350 394
550 102 107 160 191 239 287 322 368 414
600 102 122 183 219 273 315 368 420 473
' 700 102 137 206 246 296 355 414 473 532
750 102 152 229 328 394 460 525 591
850
'110 168 251 301 JOI 433 506 578 650
900 120 183 274 Jlc 394 473 552 OJU 709
1000 130 198 297 328 410 492 656 IC6
1100 140 lto 320 353 44'l 530 618 706 794
11 50 1s0 229 343 378 473 567 ooz 757 851
1200 160 244 366 403 504 605 706 ao7 908
1 300 170 259 388 429 536 643 750 857 965
1400 180 274 All 454 567 652 /o I 870 975
1500 200 305 441 504 630 725 846 967 1087
1700 220 335 468 532 665 797 930 1017 1144
1800 240 366 ctl 580 725 870 'I 015 1110 1248
2000 260 369 553 601 tcl 902 1452 1202 '1352
2200 279 397 596 04I 809 927 1 081 1236 1 390
2300 259 426 638 OYJ 867 993 11 58 1454
2400 319 454 681 740 925 1 059 I zJo 1 345 1 513
m00 339 482 723 786 982 1125 1313 1429 1 608
2800 359 511 766 832 1 040 1192 1 390 1 513 '1702
2900 379 539 809 878 1 098 1258 1 467 1 597 1797
3000 399 567 ocl 925 ttco 1324 1 545 1 681 1 891
3400 439 624 936 1017 1271 1 456 1 699 1 849 2080
3600 479 681 1021 1110 1387 1 589 1 853 2017 2270
4000 519 734 11 06 't202 1 503 1721 2008 21 85 2459

the specimen width as close to the break as possible. on short term loading than required by the values in Table 9.
measured width and failure load to calculate the 8.7 Longitudinal Strength :
le strength. 8;7 .1 Beam Strength-Place a 20-ft (6.1-m) nominal length
I Alternative Minimum Hoop-Tensile Strength ofpipe on saddles at each end. Hold the ends ofthe pipe round
alternative, the minimum hoop-tensile during the test. Apply the beam load for the diameter of pipe
values may be determined through the use of the shown in Table 11 simultaneously to the pipe through two
formula: saddles located at the third points of the pipe (see Fig. 2).
F: (S,/S,) (P,) (:2) Maintain the loads for not less than 10 min with no evidence of
failure. The testing apparatus shall be designed to minimize
stress concentrations at the loading points.
minimum hoop-tensile strength, lbf/in.,
required
8.7.2 Longitudinal Tensile Strength-Determine in accor-
initral design hoop tensile stress, psi,
dance with Test Method D 638, except the provisions for
hoop tensile stress at rated operating pressure, psi,
maximum thickness shall not apply.
mted operating pressure class, psi, and
8.1 .3 Longitudinal Compressive Strength-Determine in ac-
inside radius of pipe, in.
cordance with Test Method D 69-5.
value for S, should be established by considering the
in glass reinforcement strength and manufacturing 9. Packaging, Marking, and Shipping
but in anv case. should not be less than the 95 7o
9.1 Mark each length of pipe that meets or is part of a lot
value on stress at 0.1 h, as determined by the
that meets the requirements of this specification at least once,
's testing carried out in accordance with 6.5. The
in letters not less thanl/zin. (12 mm) in height and of bold-type
for S, should be established from the manufacturer's
style in a color and type that remains legible under normal
ic design basis.
handling and installation procedures. Include in the marking
17-A value of F less than 4 Pr results in a lower factor of safetv the nominal pipe size, manufacturer's name or trademark,

495
 o3zs4-06
-,{$fp
Load lPl2l installation an
6" (152 mm) wide x 120o full project on wh
radius saddle with %" (6 mm)
stiff rubber pad (typical)
values of P,
selected for th<
of conditions. '
testing variable
manufacture, d
evaluation prc
+Saddle Saddle

F-- L/3 I l'l r-l3 -------*{ A;

FlG. 2 Beam Strength-Test Setup

ASTM Specification number D 3154, type, liner, grade, class, 10. Keywords
and stiffness in accordance with the designation code in 4.2.
10. I fiberglass pipe; sewer pipe; industrial pipe; pre$[
9.2 Prepare pipe for commercial shipment in such a way as hU
pipe; strain corrosion; hydrostatic design basis
to ensure acceptance by common or other carriers.
9.3 All packing, packaging, and marking provisions of
Practice l) 3892 shall apply to this specification.

ANNEXES

(Mandatory Information)

AI. ALTERNATIVE HYDROSTATIC DESIGN METHOD

Al.1 The tbllowing symbols are used: TABLE A1 .1 Long-Term Hydrostatic Pressure Categories Xl.l From tr
ing strain is give
S - tensile stress in the glass-flber reinfbrcement in the Minimum Calculated
Long-Term Hydrostatc
Values ol

acceptance that
hoop orientation corrected tbr the helix angle, psi, Pressure gage, ps (kPa)
5 7o deflection
P = internal pressure. psig. c50 e0 (621) strain may be ex
Pt = long-term hydrostatic pressure, psig, c100 180 (1241)
D = nominal inside pipe diameter, in., c1 50
c200
27o (1862)
360 (2482J
th = actual cross-sectional area of glass-fiber reinforce- c250 450 (3103)
ment applied around the circumference of the pipe. in.2/in.. c300 54O (3722\ Using the AW,
0 * plane angle between hoop-oriented reinforcement c350
c400
630 (4343)
720 (4563)
of 1.50, the min
and longitudinal axis of the pipe (helix angle), and c450 81 0 (5s84)
lated to 50 years
HDB = hydrostatic design basis, psi.
41.2 The hydrostatic design is based on the estimated X1.2 The sha
tensile stress of reinforcement in the wall of the pipe in the Al.4 Hydrostcttic Design Ba,sis The value of S rsdsr
circumferential (hoop) orientation that will cause failure after mined by extrapolation of the regression line to 50 yearr stiffness and the
accordance with Practice W 2{}L}2. backfill densiry,
50 years of continuously applied pressure, as described in 8.4 <

figuration, native
and Practice D 2992, Procedure B. Strength requirements are
calculated using the strength of hoop-oriented glass reinforce-
Al.5 Hydrostatic Design Basic Categories-Converll Assuming conser
value of the HDB to intemal hydrostatic pressure in psig compaction with
ments only, corrected for the helix angle of the fibers.
follows: term deflections tr
selected to be rea
A1.3 Hoop-Stress Calculation, derived from the ISO for- P, - 2 (tn sin 0) (HDB)/D
ing these values
mula for hoop stress, is as follows:
minimum requirec
S : PD/2(tosrn0) The pipe is categorized in accordance with lable A1 l
and in Tabie 4.
Nore Al.2-The calcuiated result P, may be multiplied by thelr
This stress is used as the ordinate (long-term strength) in 6.895 to convert from psig to kPa. Pipe Stiffness (psi)
calculating the regression line and lower confidence limit in
accordance with Practice I] ?9E2, Annexes Al and A3.
Al.6 Pressure Class Rating-The classes shown inTrt
18
A1"1 are based on the intended working pressure in psi3
36
Norp A1. 1 *Thecalculated result fbr S may be multiplied by the factor commonly encountered conditions of water service. The I 72
6.985 to convert fiom psi to kPa. chaser should determine the class of pipe most suitabL"l0:

496
 ,($|p o3754*oo
and operating conditions that will exist on the
on which the pipe is to be used by multiplying the
of P, from Table A1.l by a service (design) factor
for the application on the basis of two general groups
. The first group considers the manufacturing and
variables, specifically normal variations in the material,
dimensions, good handling techniques, and in the
procedures in this method. The second group
considers the application or use, specifically installation, envi-
ronment, temperature, hazard involved, life expectancy de-
sired, and the degree of reliability selected.
Nors A1.3-It is not the intent of this standard to give service (design)
factors. The service (design) factor should be selected by the design
engineer after evaluating fully the service conditions and the engineering
properties of the specific pipe material under consideration. Recom-
mended service (design) factors will not be developed or issued by ASTM.

A2. CALCULATIONS OF LOWER CONFIDENCE (LCL) AND LOWER PREDICTION (LPL) LIMITS

where all symbols are as defined in Annexes A1 and A3 of

hrrr: (a + bf.) - ts Practice D 2992 except:
f, : log of stress (strain) level of interest
hut= (a + bf.) - ts
Norn A2.1-Of the expected failures at stress (strain) f" 97.5 Va wlll
occur after hrrr. The average failure time at sffess (strain)f will occur
later than hLCLgl .5 7o of the time.

APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

Xl. STRAIN CORROSION PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

From Molin and Leonhardt. the exoression for bend- Norp Xl.l-Products may have used limits of other than 5Vo long-
is given as: e6 : D1(t/d) (,6v/d) . With the common term deflection. In such cases, the requirements should be proportionally
that these pipes must be capable of withstanding adjusted. For example, a 4 7o long-term limiting deflection would result in
a 50 year requirement of 80 Vo of 'l'able zl, while a 6 7o limiting deflection
lone-term. the maximum installed bendins
would yield a requirement of 120 Vo of Table 4.
may be expressed as:
D max : (0.05) (Df) (t/d) Xl.3 Altemative Strain Corrosion Test Requirements:

the AWW,{ C-950 long-term bending factor of safety

X1.3.1 At 0.1 h (6 min), the required strain corrosion
performance is based on the level B deflections from Table 6 as
the minimum strain corrosion performance extrapo-
to 50 years must be:
follows:
E,,,> (0.075) (Df) G/d) rest> *1"i"-)1--!b] (xr r)

The shape factor, D1.,is dependent on both the pipe

and the installation (for example, backfill material,
compaction method, haunching, trench con-
density,
native-soil characteristics and verlical loadins).
ing conservatively, installations achieved by tamped
resr > Df tr/dt tav/dt (=+t")' (x1.2)

with inconsistent haunchins that will limit lone-

ions to 5 %, the following values of Drhave been Df for parallel plate loading is 4.28. Making the other
to be realistic, representative and limiting. Substitut- substitutions yield:
yalues in the above equation for Er., yields the (psi)
Pipe Stiffness Level B 6v/ d (%) Minimum Test
required strain corrosion performances given below
I 30 o.97 (t/d)
Table 4. 18 25 0.85 (t/d)
Minimum E".u
JO 20 0.71 (t/d)
(psi) Dr Performance
72 15 0.56 (t/d)

I 8.0 0.60 (t/d) XI.3.2 The minimum strain values at 10, 100, 1000, and
18 6.5 0.49 (Ud) 10000 h given in Table 4 are defined by a straight line
36 5.5 0.41 (Ud)
connecting the points at 6 min and 50 years on a log-log plot.
72 4.5 o.34 (Ud)
 ,($fP o37s4-06

X2. INSTALLATION
i
@De
Xz.l This specification is a material performance and bedding and backfill, pipe characteristics, and care inthe fti'
Sta
purchase specification only and does not include requirements construction work. The purchaser of the fiberglass pretd
for engineering design, pressure surges, bedding, backfill, or pipe specified herein is cautioned that he must plopi Un
the relationship between earth cover load, and the strength of correlate the field requirements with the pipe requiremenlir Fit
the pipe. However, experience has shown that successful provide adequate inspection at the job site.
performance of this product depends upon the proper type of This s

orrgrn
supefl

X3. RECOMMENDED METHODS OF DETERMINING GLASS CONTENT This s

X3.1 Determine glass content as follows: X3.I.2 As a process control, by weight of the glassiif 1. Scopex
X3.l.l By ignition loss analysis in accordance with Test reinforcement appliedby machine into the pipe structure, 1.1 This practi<
Method D:584 or iSO 1172. pressure and nonl
thermosetting-resit
ASTM lnternational takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights assefted in connection with any item mentioned conditions. Includt
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent ilghts, and the risk ing pipe, joining
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
monitoring deflec
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
fiberglass pipe in r

if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards 1.2 Product star
and should be addressed to ASTM lnternational Headquafters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the range of product v
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. lf you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should
make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.
(25 mm to 4000 n
72 psi (60 to 50t
This standard is copyrighted by ASTM lnternational, 1 00 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1 9428-2959, several thousand 1

United States. lndividual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above does not purport tc
address or at 610-832-9585 (phone),610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website
(www.astm.org). pipe, soil types, ar
The recommendati
or expanded to me
In particulaq fiberl
generally so stiff
dance with differe
facturer for guidan
particular pipes.
1.3 The SCop
performance criter
mum service defl,
eters may be cr
specifications, or t
the specified prodr
and ensure that th
when installed in
practice, will prov
accordance with c
Nors l-There is
Nore 2-A discusr
tion of a simplified n
AWWA Manual ol P

r
This practice is und
is the direct responsibil
Systems and Chemical
Cument edition app
approved in 1979. Last

Copyrighl O ASTI\4 lnternat

498