3.

Results

Description Value
l1 (undamped) 1234.4 mm
l2 (damped) 1020 mm ???
d 3 mm
D1 (top desk) 225 mm
m1 (top desk) 7,645 kg
D2 (bottom desk) 250 mm
m2 (bottom desk) 9,531 kg
G 38,3 GPa
Y ????
y1 490 cm
y2 ????

Undamped
Deflection Time t Oscillations Period of Oscillation
80 16.98 sec 4.5 3.773 s
80 13.82 sec 4 3.455 s
80 13.34 sec 4 3.335 s
.

Damped
Deflection Time t Oscillations
100 5.37 sec 1.5
100 5.40 sec 1.5
100 5.16 sec 1.5

Two rotor system

Deflection Time t Oscillations
200 9.01 sec 5
200 9.40 sec 5
200 9.34 sec 5
Evaluation of the results

1.
To measure the natural frequency, the chart is set at 10 mm/sec and the disk is displaced
through 80. By measuring with a stopwatch the time from the release of the disk until it
stops, you can calculate the time for one oscillation. The average period of oscillation is
3.521 s.
Deflection Time t Oscillations Period of one Oscillation
80 16.98 sec 4.5 3.773 s
80 13.82 sec 4 3.455 s
80 13.34 sec 4 3.335 s
.

By measuring from the chart the distance from release to the stop of the vibration you get an
average period of 4.242 s
Deflection Time t Oscillations Period of one Oscillation
80 19.8 sec 4.5 4.4 s
80 16.6 sec 4 4.15 s
80 16.7 sec 4 4.175 s
.

The value from the theoretical calculation is:

32 4 2 2
= 2 = 2 = 2 =4
4 4 4

1234.4 mm 9.531 (250 )2

= 4 = 3,452
(3 )4 38,3
Both measured periods of oscillations are higher than the theoretical calculation. One reason
for this could be that the torsional pendulum is not supported without friction. Another reason
could be irregulars in the shaft.

For the damped system we get by measuring the time with a stopwatch a periodic oscillation
of 3.54 s and by measuring out of the chart 6.55 sec
Deflection Time t Oscillations Period of one Oscillation
100 5.37 sec 1.5 3.58 s
100 5.40 sec 1.5 3.6 s
100 5.16 sec 1.5 3.44 s
.

Deflection Time t Oscillations Period of one Oscillation

100 10.5 sec 1.5 7s
100 8.8 sec 1.5 5.86 s
100 6.8 sec 1 6.8 s
.
By plotting a graph of the natural logarithm of e with time we can deduce the damping ratio
= 2.151

Natural logarithm of e with time

9
natural logorithm of amplitudel

8
7
6
5
4
3 y = -2.151x + 10.552
2
1
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
time (s)

Two rotor systems

The node which is stationary is at y1=490 mm. So that y2=570 mm.

In theory the point y2 is at:
1 2
2 = =
1 + 2 8
2
0.0484 1.06
2 = = 417.47
0.0484 2 + 0.0745 2
The calculated deflection differs a lot from the value of the experiment. Because of a greater
moment of inertia of the bottom disk the y2 has to be lower than y1. Thus you can say there
has to be made a mistake in the experiment.

Deflection Time t Oscillations Period of one Oscillation Frequency

200 9.01 5 1.802 s 0.555 1/s
sec
200 9.40 5 1.88 s 0.532 1/s
sec
200 9.34 5 1.868 s 0.535 1/s
sec
. . /

The theoretical frequency of the two rotor system is

1 (1 +2 ) 1 4 (1 +2 ) 2
= 2 = 2 =
1 2 321 2 8

1 (0.003 )4 38,3 (0.0484 2 + 0.0745 2 )

= = 0.50 1/
2 32 0.0484 2 0.0745 2 1.06

The experimental value does not differ a lot from the calculated value. Little differences can
be explained by measurement uncertainty and the neglect of friction in the theory.