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Hello, my name is Travis Monk
this is one of a series of videos pertaining to cell
respiration and Photosynthesis this video will provide
some details on the different stages of cell respiration
Glycolysis the Krebs cycle and the Electron Transport
chain as well as where they take place the reactants and
their products. The picture on this slide shows much of
what will be described throughout the rest of this
video? glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration
both aerobic and anaerobic respiration as Described in
the first slide there are three pieces of [information]
about each process that are important where it takes
place What it uses and what it produces?
since all organisms do glycolysis and needs to take place
in a location that all organisms possess the cytoplasm,
or the cytosol. As You can see in the picture provided
on this slide the process is quite complex
What generally happens however is that a glucose
molecule is broken into half into 2 Ov 8 molecules ?
Energy is released when these bonds and glucose are
broken that energy is used to turn to [aDp] adenosine
diphosphate into 2 ATp adenosine triphosphate
What happens is that a phosphate group is added to
adp to produce a high-energy molecule That's used to
fuel all cell processes in addition. Nad is used to
produce Nadh which can be used later in cell respiration
to Produce even more atp This will be explained later
on the slide discussing the electron transport chain
After glycolysis two different things can happen in the
cell if oxygen is not present fermentation or anaerobic
respiration occurs The point of fermentation is to
recycle nad [plus] as shown in this diagram Lactic acid
or alcohol are produced as a byproduct of fermentation
Alternatively in the focus of this video is what happens
when oxygen is present what happened next in this
circumstance Is [that] proved [eight] is converted to
Acetyl Coenzyme a or acetyl coa the formation of Acetyl
Coa Or Acetyl coenzyme a is the next step this process
occurs in my token andreea Within the Matrix as a
refresher the Matrix in mitochondria is the fluid
component that surrounds all the other structures in
This process to pyruvate molecules each of which is
essentially half of a glucose molecule that was produced
during glycolysis is Broken down further into a product
called Acetyl coenzyme a and Carbon dioxide gas in
this process energy from further decomposition is used
to convert 2 nad plus molecules and 2 nadh as
Described in the section on glycolysis this molecule will
be put to later use in the electron transport chain
the picture on this slide shows [the] reactants the
products and the location of this chemical [reaction] in
occurs and what these different molecules look like
the next stage in aerobic cell respiration is the [Krebs]
cycle which also takes place in the Matrix of
Mitochondria in This process a key Acetyl coenzyme a is
broken down further to the point at which only carbon
dioxide is left Again energy from the bonds in this
molecule are used to convert, nad [plus] and Fadh2
FaDH2 and nadh Just like the previous two stages that
were described glycolysis and the formation of Acetyl
Coenzyme A
They pay off from producing these molecules will be
described later in [the] section on the electron
Transport chain It's worth noting that in the Krebs cycle
[in] addition to Producing nadh and Fadh2 [two] aTp
Molecules are produced from two [aDp] molecules
The picture on this slide shows why the process is called
the Krebs cycle the process summarized in nine Steps
with this picture? Recycles many products and reactants
in its cycle each step shows where and how the
products and reactants come into play? the Electron
Transport chain is the last series of events in aerobic
respiration in These steps the cell cashes in on the many
products from other steps of cell respiration to produce
a ton of energy in the form of atp for the cell The
Electron Transport chain just like the Krebs cycle and
glycol that we talked about earlier clearly looks a bit
confusing The general way that this process works
however is that Molecules produced during glycolysis?
Acetyl Coenzyme a formation and the Krebs cycle are
put to use Nadh and Fadh2 Give off high-energy
electrons they'll allow protons to be pumped across the
inter main Membrane of the mitochondrion against the
concentration gradient from an area of low
concentration to an area of high concentration This is a
form of active Transport When there are a lot of more
protons in the inner Membrane space Which is the area
between the inner and the outer Membrane
surrounding the mitochondria shown at the top of this
picture? protons want to diffuse back into the Matrix of
Mitochondria the pink Protein that's shown on the right
called atp Synthase allows this to happen as the protons
come back across into the mitochondrial Matrix the
movement of protons adds a phosphate [group] to
[Adp] Molecules forming atp The cell cashes in on so to
speak Nadh and Fadh2 Each of which can be used to
form 2 to 3 aTP molecules by the time all [is] said and
done 34 ATp are produced in this process as the text on
the left shows the reactants of this chemical process are
10 nadh to Fadh2 and 6 Oxygen Molecules as well [as]
34 adp molecules the products of this process are 34
aTP Molecules 6 water molecules and the remnants of
Nadh and Fadh2
Which are nad plus and Fadh2?
some of the most important steps of aerobic respiration
Glycolysis the formation of Acetyl Coenzyme a and the
Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain
To take a look at the big picture
[I'll] try to go over things one last time some in each
step up in a sentence or two
Glycolysis is the first step of aerobic respiration where
glucose is broken in half into two peruvian Molecules,
two ATp and two nadh molecule
This process occurs in anaerobic respiration as well and
takes place in the cytosol
formation of Acetyl Coenzyme a is the second step
where to prove a molecules are further broken down
into two Acetyl coenzyme a and
Two more Nadh Molecules are produced
The Krebs cycle completely breaks down acetylcholine
[dime] a into carbon dioxide and produces two more
atp Also further stockpiled are six nadh and two
FaDh2 finally the electron transport chain is the final
step where nadh and Fadh2 are used to pump protons
across the Mitochondrial Membrane which can then
[be] used to produce a ton of energy 34 mil more aTP
molecules
That is the end of this video
discussing some of the most important stages of cellular
respiration [if] you are interested in watching any other
videos pertaining to cell respiration or
Photosynthesis or any other themes of biology please
subscribe to my channel. Thank you