Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Vol 53
CONTENTS
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No. of Pages : 56
Disclaimer :
l The views expressed in various articles are those of the authors and not necessarily of the government.
l The readers are requested to verify the claims made in the advertisements regarding career guidance books/institutions. Yojana does not own responsibility
regarding the contents of the advertisements.
F
ew subjects in the policy debate have created as much convergence of interests
as the topic of infrastructure development. Anybody who takes more than just
a passing interest in the state of affairs of the economy will be convinced that
infrastructure development is vitally necessary.
Having said that, it equally true there are fewer areas where the plans have proved
so difficult to execute. It is not a simple case of weakness in the rate of execution
of government plans, whether at the state or at the centre. The challenges for
developing infrastructure have stymied even the best intentions of the private sector
too. The challenges are on all fronts. The key challenge is of course is generating
resources to finance the projects, as infrastructure plans invariably demand huge
expenditure. The Prime Minister led committee on infrastructure has estimated
that it would take an investment of about Rs 25,00,000 crore ($500 billion) in the next five years. To put
that number in perspective, it is three fourth the size of our annual GDP. But as of now we are able to spend
not more than 3 to 4 % of our GDP for investment in infrastructure. This means we have to mobilise a huge
amount of resources from the financial sector.
The other issue is the subject of returns from such investment. The public would be hard pressed to pay
for all the bridges, water pipelines, roads and the true cost of electricity that developers would expect them
to pay. But without such an assurance it becomes difficult for even government departments to raise such
investments. In this context, the government and other agencies have to demonstrate to the public the necessity
of such payments and yet be ready to partially pay for some of the costs from the exchequer.
We have already seen the benefits of good infrastructure. It is impossible to imagine the traffic chaos that
would have resulted if the metro had not become operational in Kolkata and now in Delhi. Mumbai is racing
against time to develop one such system and other cities are following suit. The development of the telecom
sector has become so widespread that we may not realise that the success of the IT industry in India was
made possible by it. But on the darker side, several key investments that can create employment and income
across the country are not happening because of the lack of reliable power supply and of decent roads that
can carry the produce of the farms and the industry from the producers to the markets in other states.
So we need to find the answers to these questions fast and in good time. The ensuing budget will be
expected to answer many of these questions for the economy; answers that will also tell us how fast the
economy develops on the growth path. In this issue therefore we take a detailed look at several of these topics
and try to find answers to them. q
I
n 2004 my Government had abled and the elderly along with implementation of women-
set before the country a vision strengthened social protection; cen tr ic p r o g r a m m e s i n a
of an inclusive society and mission mode to achieve better
an inclusive economy. It worked l Governance reform;
coordination;
diligently towards translating l Creation and modernization
this vision into policies and l A voluntary national youth corps
of infrastructure and capacity which could take up creative
programmes. My Government addition in key sectors;
sees the overwhelming mandate social action around the river
it has received as a vindication of l Prudent fiscal management; cleaning and beautification
the policy architecture of inclusion l Energy security and environment programme beginning with the
that it put in place. It is a mandate protection; river Ganga;
for inclusive growth, equitable l Restructuring the Backward
l Constructive and creative
development and a secular and Regions Grant Fund,
engagement with the world
plural India. My Government is which overlaps with other
and
determined to work harder and development investment,
better to realize these goals. l Promotion of a culture of
to focus on decentralized
enterprise and innovation.
My government is acutely planning and capacity
conscious of the challenge of My Government will intiate steps building of elected panchayat
rising expectations. There would within the next hundred days on the representatives. The next
be ten broad areas of priority for following measures: three years would be devoted
my Government for the next five l Early passage of the Women's to training panchayat raj
years. Reservation Bill in Parliament functionaries in administering
providing for one-third flagship programmes;
l Internal security and preservation
reservation to women in State l A public data policy to place
of communal harmony :
legislatures and in Parliament; all information covering non-
l Stepping up of economic growth l Constitutional amendment to strategic areas in the public
in agriculture, manufacturing provide 50 percent reservation domain. It would help citizens
and services; for women in panchayats and to challenge the data and engage
l Consolidation of the existing urban local bodies. Women directly in governance reform;
flagship programmes for suffer multiple deprivations l Increasing transparency and
employment, education, health, of class, caste and gender public accountability of NREGA
rural infrastructure, urban and enhancing reservation in by enforcing social audit and
renewal and introduction of new panchayats and urban local ensuring grievance redressal
flagship programmes for food bodies will lead to more women by setting up district level
security and skill development; entering the public sphere; ombudsman;
l Concerted action for the welfare l Concerted effort to increase l Strengthening Right to
of women, youth, children, other representation of women in information by suitably
backward classes, scheduled central government jobs; amending the law to provide
castes, scheduled tribes, l A National Mission on for disclosure by government in
minorities, the differently- Empowerment of Women for all non-strategic areas;
(This is an extract from the address of President of India Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil to the Parliament. We bring
extracts relating to priority areas, agenda for 100 days and plans for infrastructure as outlined in the address.)
T Development Council
(NDC) in its meeting held
on May 20, 2006 passed
the following resolution:
Recognising that improvement
the growth momentum and that
investment in physical infrastructure
would have to be increased from
about 5 per cent of GDP during the
Tenth Plan (2002-07) to 9 per cent
of GDP by the terminal year of the
in physical infrastructure has
Eleventh Plan period (2007-12).
emerged as a common priority and
increased private participation has The investment in infrastructure
now become a necessity to mobilize during the Tenth Plan was Rs.
the resources needed to achieve 887,842 crore which constituted
its expansion and upgradation, 5.07 per cent of GDP. This included
The Eleventh the NDC observed that successful Rs 1,75,203 crore (2006-07 prices)
promotion of private participation of investment by the private sector.
Five Year Plan in infrastructure requires a well- To overcome the infrastructure
designed framework of policies in deficit, the Government has planned
recognizes that which investors have the assurance for an investment in infrastructure
adequate, that standards of services will be of Rs.20,56,150 crore during the
maintained and concession will Eleventh Plan period which would
cost-effective be transparently awarded and imply an investment of 9 per cent
and quality directed the Central Government of GDP in the terminal year of
to work towards evolving such a the Plan (2011-12). This includes
infrastructure is framework, which could be adopted public sector investment of Rs.
by the States. 7,65,622 crore in the Central sector
a pre-requisite and Rs. 6,70,937 crore by the
The Eleventh Five Year Plan
for sustaining the recognizes that adequate, cost-
States. It is envisaged that the
private sector would invest Rs.
growth momentum effective and quality infrastructure
6,19,591 crore, including through
Y
ojana will bring you the Budget 2009-10 in its August 2009 issue. Along with budget highlights,
there will be articles from sector experts on how the budget is likely to impact certain important
sectors.
The September 2009 issue of Yojana will be devoted to the Education Sector in India what have been
the major policy initiatives in this area, our important milestones and the challenges we are faced with.
T
he government had decided to implement the law, which bans the use of polythene. The law would
be initially implemented in some specific areas of the Valley like towns, notified areas and tourist
places.
The government, is also looking to introduce the jute and paper bags, which would serve as an alternative
to the polythene.
The J&K Agro Industries in collaboration with an Italian firm were developing the biodegradable jute
bags and government had already provided Rs 20 lakhs for it. The ban would be effective when the jute bags
are manufactured locally and made available to people.
The government is also committed to restoration the Dal Lake and other water bodies. An Anti-
pollution rally was held recently and a fleet of rafting boats, canoes and motorboats participated in the
river Jhelum. The event was a part of the campaign to create awareness among masses about preserving
the water bodies. Polythene is a biggest source of pollution. It has destroyed water bodies which are
the back bone of tourism. q
(Courtesy : The Greater Kashmir)
T
he state government of J&K has submitted a proposal worth Rs. 7.58 crore under National Bamboo
Mission to the Union Ministry of Agriculture to promote growth of bamboo sector in the State.
Out of the approved programme of Rs. 2 crore, Rs. 50 lakh were received for implementing the
programme during the year 2008-09. Bamboo Mission Programme was extended to J & K in 2008-09 fiscal
and is being implemented through Departments of Agriculture, Social-Forestry, State Forest Research Institute
(SFRI) and the Forest Department.
The objective of the Mission is to envisage marketing of bamboo and bamboo-based handicraft, development
and dissemination of technologies through a seamless blend of traditional wisdom and modern scientific
knowledge, as well as generate employment for skilled and unskilled labourers.
The major focus of the programme is to establish bamboo nurseries, training of farmers and field
functionaries, establishment of Kissan and Mahila Nurseries, management and improvement of existing
bamboo forest and plantations.
Five centralized nurseries, three mahila nurseries and four kissan nurseries have been established by various
departments to produce bamboo seedlings for plantation during the coming monsoon. This step is expected
to cover both forest and non-forest area including agricultural lands.
About 40 farmers and field functionaries were sent for training at FRI, Dehradun. In the meeting,
SBSC approved annual programme for the year 2009-10 for Rs. 727.35 lakh, which will be sent to the
Union Ministry of Agriculture for its consideration. q
A P V N Sarma
The author is Secretary (Shipping), Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport & Highways,
M forest reserve. The Mizoram Industries Department has teamed up with Electronic Test and
Development Centre (ETDC), Union government, Guwahati and Mumbai-based Intrux System
Pvt. Ltd. to calculate carbon footprint in Mizoram.
Mizoram has a huge potential for carbon trading. Currently, the ETDC will calculate the carbon footprint
in Mizoram. This will determine their Participation in the carbon trading.
Carbon footprint is the total set of GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions caused directly and indirectly by
an individual, organisation, event or product, Mizoram manages to be the greenest state in India despite the
large-scale deforestation through the jhum cultivation. With 88.34 per cent forest covered area, against the
national average of 33 per cent, Mizoram has the largest forest in India. Of the 88.63 per cent forest, as much
as 58.72 per cent is open forest.
Carbon credits are awarded to countries or groups that have reduced their green house gases below their
emission quota, Carbon credits can be traded in the international market at their current market price. In India
Orissa, has already earned revenues from carbon trading while in the Northeast, Mizoram is the first state to
take such initiatives.
The Carbon credit system was ratified in conjunction with the Kyoto Protocol. Its goal is to stop the
increase of carbon dioxide emissions. For example, if an environmentalist group plants enough trees to reduce
emissions by one tonne, it will be awarded a credit. If a steel producer has an emissions quota of 10 tonnes,
but expects to produce 11 tonnes, it could purchase this carbon credit from the environmental group. q
W
omen members elected packaging to marketing is being also in poverty alleviation at
to the village council done all by women. Another 200 the grass roots.
in Tripura have taken a women work under them and
Apart from creating varied
lead in paving the way for a large have become self employed and vocations, the Self-Help Groups
number of poor women to become earn for their families by making have also been active in other
self-reliant. This has been made incense sticks which are made out spheres such as education,
possible by these enterprising of raw natural materials available drinking water and community
women representatives by setting locally. health programmes. The self-help
up Self-Help Groups (SHGs), Groups have also been instrumental
Although the Self Help Groups
which generate allied productive in the construction of link roads
exist only at the village level,
vocations for the poor families. in the villages including building
the fact is that these women
culverts across streams and other
One such self-help group members of the village councils rivulets. q
consists of 11 women and right have played a stellar role in
from making incense sticks and empowerment of women and (Courtesy : The Sentinel)
V K Sharma
I development i s
absolutely critical for Indias
economic growth and for
sustainable development.
Building world class infrastructure
safety.
The author is General Manager (Environment & Press Relations), National Highways Authority of India
R
iding on the back of 6.7 per cent weight in the Index of Industrial Production
gross domestic product (GDP) Growth (IIP), rose by 4.3 per cent during the month
growth and sign of economic under review as compared to 2.3 per cent in
recovery in the economy, the growth
rate of April 2008.
rate of core industries including cement, cement, The output of cement during April went up
finished steel, coal and electricity, nearly
steel, by 11.7 per cent as compared to 6.9 per cent.
doubled to 4.3 per cent during April, the
Finished steel output recorded a 1.6 per cent
first month of the current fiscal. coal and growth against a drop of 0.6 per cent in April
The news of robust growth in the 2008.
electricity
core sectors and could signal the revival
Coal production registered a growth rate of 13.2
of the economy that has been on the nearly per cent as compared to 10.4 per cent. Similarly,
downslide for the last few months.
doubled electricity generation increased by 6 per cent
With indications of the economic gloom
against 1.4 cent. q
blowing away, the output of six core in April
sectors, which has over 26 per cent (Courtesy : The Hindu)
R urbanization has
increased the demand
for urban infrastructure
in India. Since public
funds for these services are
inadequate, Urban Local Bodies
world. The proportion of urban
population was 27.8% in the year
2001 and the decadal growth of
urban population was 31.2% in
1991-2001.
The urban population is expected
have to look for alternative sources
to rise to around 38 percent by
for financing their infrastructure
2026. It is clear that urbanization
needs. Accessing capital markets has
is inevitable. India needs to
emerged as viable options for ULBs
A market- improve its urban infrastructure and
to finance urban infrastructure.
governance to improve productivity
based approach to Several urban local bodies and
and create jobs for the poor.
utility organizations have issued
financing urban bonds and have so far mobilized
Rapid urbanization has increased
the demand for urban services.
infrastructure linked over Rs.12,000 million through
The Eleventh Five Year Plan of
taxable bonds, tax-free bonds and
with JNNURM India (2007-2012), has estimated
pooled financing. The JNNURM, a
that total fund requirement for
will further flagship urban investment program
implementation of the Plan target
of Government of India encourages
in respect to urban water supply,
strengthen ULBs ULBs to link the projects with
sewerage and sanitation, drainage
and help achieve market-based financing. The market
and solid waste management is
access is important innovation in
Rs. 12,702 billion. Financial
the decentralization the financing of urban infrastructure
resources from all public sources,
objective of the in the country.
however, fall far short of the urban
In 2001, about 286 million sectors estimated investment
74th Constitutional requirements. Since public funds for
persons were living in urban areas
Amendment of India and it was the second these services are inadequate, ULBs
Constitutional Amendment. q Above P.N.B. Near Delhi University, North Campus, Delhi - 7
(E-mail:cvaidya@niua.org) Ph. : 011-64154427 Mob. : 9910415305, 9910360051
YOJANA July 2009 25
LIST OF COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
CABINET MINISTERS
1. Dr. Manmohan Singh Prime Minister and also in-charge of the Ministries/Departments not specifically
allocated to the charge of any Minister viz.:
(i) Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions;
(ii) Ministry of Planning;
(iii) Department of Atomic Energy;
(iv) Department of Space;
(v) Ministry of Culture; and
2. Shri Pranab Mukherjee Minister of Finance.
3. Shri Sharad Pawar Minister of Agriculture and Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public
Distribution.
4. Shri A.K. Antony Minister of Defence.
5. Shri P. Chidambaram Minister of Home Affairs.
6. Km. Mamata Banerjee Minister of Railways.
7. Shri S.M. Krishna Minister of External Affairs.
8. Shri Virbhadra Singh Minister of Steel
9. Shri Vilasrao Deshmukh Minister of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises
10. Shri Ghulam Nabi Azad Minister of Health and Family Welfare
11. Shri Sushilkumar Shinde Minister of Power
12. Shri M. Veerappa Moily Minister of Law and Justice
13. Dr. Farooq Abdullah Minister of New and Renewable Energy
14. Shri S. Jaipal Reddy Minister of Urban Development
15. Shri Kamal Nath Minister of Road Transport and Highways
16. Shri Vayalar Ravi Minister of Overseas Indian Affairs
17. Shri Dayanidhi Maran Minister of Textiles
18. Shri A. Raja Minister of Communications and Information Technology
19. Shri Murli Deora Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas
20. Smt. Ambika Soni Minister of Information and Broadcasting
21. Shri Mallikarjun Kharge Minister of Labour and Employment
22. Shri Kapil Sibal Minister of Human Resource Development
23. Shri B.K. Handique Minister of Mines and Minister of Development of North Eastern Region
24. Shri Anand Sharma Minister of Commerce and Industry
25. Shri C.P. Joshi Minister of Rural Development and Minister of Panchayati Raj
26. Kumari Selja Minister of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation and Minister of Tourism
27. Shri Subodh Kant Sahay Minister of Food Processing Industries
28. Dr. M.S. Gill Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports
29. Shri G.K. Vasan Minister of Shipping
30. Shri Pawan Kumar Bansal Minister for Parliamentary Affairs and Minister for Water Resources
31. Shri Mukul Wasnik Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment
32. Shri Kantilal Bhuria Minister of Tribal Affairs
33. Shri M.K. Alagiri Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers
MINISTERS OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE)
1. Shri Praful Patel Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Civil Aviation
2. Shri Prithviraj Chavan Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Science and Technology;
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Earth Sciences; Minister of
State in the Prime Ministers Office; Minister of State in the Ministry of Personnel,
Usha P Raghupathi
A 'Dropout Innovator
Irrigation in India
Surinder Sud
The author is a veteran agricultural journalist currently working as Consulting Editor of the Business Standard.
G
oogle, Yahoo, Khoj, Lycos the pages they encounter, while
all internet users make others like AltaVista store every inclusion by following the links in
extensive use of these and word from each page they find. In the pages they already have in their
other such search engines. At the the third stage of Searching, the database. If a web page is never
click of a mouse, you have the user enters a query in the form linked from any other page, search
latest information available on of keywords. The search engine engine spiders cannot find it. So
virtually anything and everything matches this query with its indexed in order to make a page available
you want to know. What exactly pages and provides a list of best for search by a search engine, it
are these search engines and how matching web pages according to needs to be linked to other pages.
do they work ? the requirement of the searcher. Alternatively, somebody will have
to submit its URL for inclusion.
What are internet search How did the search engines All major search engines offer
engines? develop ? ways to do this.
An internet or web search Before web searches became How relevant are the search
engine is a tool that helps you possible, there was a time when all results ?
to search for information on web servers would be listed on a
the World Wide Web. These central server. As the numbers of When a user enters a query/
are special web sites that use web servers increased, it was not keyword, the search engine may
automatic tools called spiders possible to list them all. The earliest find millions of sites where the said
or robots to index web pages search tools of early 1990s (Archie, keywords appear. The usefulness
of registered sites, looking for Jughead and Veronica) involved of a search engine depends on
and identifying keywords. Users downloading of the directory how effectively it sorts out the hits
can search the index created by listings of all the files located on and Ranks them so that the most
typing in keywords to specify their File Transfer Protocol) sites, and important and relevant sources /
interest. The Hits or the results of creating a searchable database of web sites get listed first. The basis
the search may consist of web file names. Probably the first web for such ranking may vary between
pages, images, information and robot was the World Wide Web engines, and also over time, but the
other types of files. Wanderer which came in 1993. search engine that best understands
Another search engine, the Aliweb the need of its users is obviously the
Web Crawler that came in most useful.
1994 was the first full text crawler came in 1993. It was not based
based search engine. on a web robot, but depended on What is a Metasearch Engine ?
web administrators to notify the
How do search engines work ? existence of index files in particular A meta-search engine is a
formats. Jump Station released in search tool that allows you to
A search engine works in 1993 was the first web search that search several search engines
three stages. Stage one or Web combined the three stages of web simultaneously. Your are required
Crawling involves an automated crawling, indexing and searching as to enter your query only once
web browser or crawler (often the meta search engine then
referred to as a spider), crawling we know today, but its search was
limited to titles and headings. Now sends it across to various search
through every available web link engines and aggregates the results
and accessing the data available in there are a host of search engines
available, like Google, Yahoo, Live into a single list or displays
various websites/ files/databases. them according to their source.
The second stage involves Search, Exalead Altavista, Lycos,
GoPubMed (for medical subjects), Metasearch engines operate on the
analyses of the information and its premise that the Web is too large
Indexing. The indexing program Guruji, Khoj (India specific)
for any one search engine to index
identifies the text, links, and other How can a website / page be made it all and that more comprehensive
content in the page and stores it in available for search by a search search results can be obtained by
the search engine database's files. engine ? combining the results from several
Words may be picked up from search engines. q
titles, headings or other fields for Linking of pages is very
this indexing. Some engines, like important in the search operations. (Compiled by
Google, may store all or part of The web spiders"crawl" the Vivekanand Jain)
Regarding tariffs, the Section of SPVs are chaired by a Director Report, finalisation of tender
63 of the Electricity Act provides of PFC; their other members are documents in consultation with
that the Electricity Regulatory PFC officials, and representatives states and carrying out tendering
Commissions can adopt tariffs on of the distribution companies of process and award of project,
the basis of transparent, two stage major power procuring states. After acquisition of land, obtaining coal
bidding. selection of the project developer, blocks for pit-head projects, getting
SPVs are transferred to the selected clearance for water allocation for
Operational Framework of
bidders. SPVs are responsible for pithead projects, approval for use
UMPPs
a number of activities on behalf of sea water for coastal locations,
Power Finance Corporation of the procurers which include obtaining clearance from State
(PFC) is the nodal agency for initial appointment of consultants for Pollution Control Board for the
work. PFC has set up separate preparation of Project Report and project and coal mines followed by
Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs), for International Competitive environment and forest clearances
Gp Capt. D C Mehta
hopes regarding the of India (IAAI) from the erstwhile Infrastructure at Airports
DGCA in 1972 through an Act of
future of airport the Parliament, with the mandate to The infrastructure at an airport
develop four international airports has many constituents. Some, like
infrastructure in at Delhi, Bombay, Madras and the terminal buildings and cargo
the country Calcutta, as per standards laid down complexes, runways, aprons and
T
he telecom sector in India Tele density : 36.98 % - Rural 3G & Broadband Wireless
has shown tremendous 15.11 %, Urban 88.84 % Services (BWA)
growth in the last few years.
The Indian Telecommunications The government has set a target The government has decided
network with 430 million for providing mobile coverage to to auction 3G & BWA spectrum.
connections (as on March 2009) 90 % geographical area and setting Allotment of spectrum has been
is the third largest in the world. up 500 million connections by the planned through simultaneously
The sector is growing at a speed year 2010 ascending e-auction process
of 46-50% during the recent by a specialized agency. New
Rural Telephony players would also be able to
years Following are some of the
milestones achieved and targets The fixed and WLL connections bid thus leading to technology
set : in rural areas reached 123.51million innovation, more competition,
in March 2009. 85% of the villages faster roll out and ultimately
Expansion of Network in India have been covered by the greater choice for customers
Village Public Telephones (VPTs). at competitive tariffs. The 3G
Number of telephones : from will allow telecom companies
54.63 million on 31.03.2003 to This is in addition to more than 3
lakh PCOs in villages and 2772 to offer additional value added
429.72 million on 31.03.2009. services. BWA will become
Mobile Gramin Sanchar Sewak
Wireless subscribers : from 13.3 Scheme (GSS) a mobile Public a predominant platform for
million on 31.03.2003 to 391.76 Call Office (PCO) service- in broadband roll out services.
million on 31.03.2009. 12043 villages. Internet service is It is also an effective tool for
being provided by Sanchar Dhabas undertaking social initiatives
Fixed line subscribers: from of the Government such as
41.33 million on 31.03.2003 to (Internet Kiosks) in more than 3500
Block Headquarters out of the e-education, telemedicine,
37.96 million on 31.03.2009. e-health and e-Governance.
total 6337 Blocks in the country.
Broadband subscribers : from The target of 80 million rural BSNL & MTNL have
0.18 million to 6.22 million connections by 2010 has already already launched their 3G
during the last 5 years. been met during year 2008 itself. services. q
Urmilesh Singh
Urbanization and
Social Transformation
U offers b o t h
opportunities as well
as difficulties for local
governments.
Large scale migration of people
governance in Indian mega-
cities, decentralization, financial,
management and partnership in
urban environmental services
carried by a team of Indian and Dutch
researcher. The contribution in this
seeking work has changed the face
volume dealt with specific aspects of
of cities as informal settlements
new forms of urban governance in
with high-density habitations have
Indian mega-cities, with the social
become prominent across many
transformation to which they lead in
cities. There has been a steady
the backdrop of a national economy
rise in the number of local and
opening up to outside influence,
international non-governmental
especially deal with two major
organizations (NGOs) working in
process: the movement to bring
various domains of governance,
the government closer to citizens
such as poverty, environment, citizen
through decentralization and the
participation and corruption.
movement out from government
Recent debates on changing by which the government works
relationship between the State, with the private sector, civil society
Private sector and Civil Society have groups and local participation in
focused on the reducing role of the providing services to its citizens.
State and the increasing importance
tITLE : NEW FORMS OF URBAN
The edited book under review
of the market in providing goods
GOVERNANCE IN INDIA: consists of thirteen scholarly
and services to citizens, and the
SHIFTS, MODELS, articles including edited article
NETWORKS AND shifting importance of different
by Baud and Wit attempts to
CONTESTATIONS levels of government, with the
provide wide perception of scope
Author : I.S.A. BAUD & role of the national government
and significance of governance,
J. DE WIT being reduced vis--vis that of local
Price : Rs.850/-
d e c e n t r a l i z a t i o n , p e o p l e s
government on the one hand and
Page : 402 participation, management, policies
international governing institutions
ISBN : 978-81-7829-905-1 and role of intermediaries, new
on the other.
forms of governance, contestations
Publisher : Sage Publications,
New Delhi, 2008
This book is the outcome of and cooperation in urban governance
a research programme exploring and intervention of the Judiciary.