Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

The review of the literature for this study focuses on factors affecting grades 9 and 10 in
choosing their strand for senior high school. The literature will also discuss about education and
its role in shaping the future of students in K to 12 Curriculum in response to global
competitiveness. A successful education system will need to be prevalent importance for a
multicultural society to succeed and prosper in the future. Education is a gateway to a better job
and greater earning potential.

A. Foreign Literature

Ferry (2006) further asserts that adolescent occupational choice is influenced by many
factors, including the context, personal aptitudes, and educational attainment. He contends
further that whether college bound or work bound, meeting the challenge of this
developmental milestone is critical in adolescents lives. Students all over the world usually
faced with the task of career decision making. The choice of careers, subjects, and courses of
study in schools and of subsequent paths to follow is always
difficult problems facing prospective undergraduates. Often, choosing the right subject
combination leading to the right profession can make the difference between enjoying and
detecting the career in the future. Dedicating oneself to career choices that are unattainable leads
to frustration. Each individual undertaking the process is influenced by many factors, including
the context in which they live, their personal aptitudes, and educational attainment. (Bandura, et
al. 2001)

Connelly. (2013) cited that schools have always played a vital role in ensuring that
students have the skills needed for the job or career they have chosen. The key function of
education is to fully prepare students for life after schooling preparation for the world of work is
a necessary and vital part of that equation. As our society and economy continues to evolve, it
may be time to rethink how public education aids students in choosing career and
education pathways. Additionally, due to the present economic and social changes our governme
nt isdealing with, it is imperative that we think more deeply about the future of those students
who will enter the workforce immediately after high school.
B. Local Literature

Waugh 2013 cited, high standard of living, is an important part of culture and values. The
education system has a significant and direct impact on the quality of our workforce our
economic productivity and ultimately, our ability to prosper as businesses, as people, and as a
nation rely on our public schools to provide highly skilled and educated talent. K to 12 is a
solution to create opportunities that will help all children from the time they enter the classroom
to when they join the workforce McCleary. (2012)

Likewise, K 12 (k twelve) is a designed curriculum for the sum of primary and

secondary education. It is used in the United States, Canada, Turkey, Philippines, and Australia.
(K) for 4-to 6-year-olds through twelfth grade (12) for 7- to 19-year-olds, It is a free education
from Kindergarten to Senior High School in the countries mentioned respectively. Wikipedia
(2008).

According to the theory of vocational development by Supeer (2005), the student should
first become aware of the need for a career. So very graduating students needs a wise choice in
decision making.

Furthermore, based on Bautista (cited in Phillips, 1968), the elementary education

provides a foundation for formal education. It is when high school where students starts to feel
tangibly about career preferences. Also, the greatest barrier among
students pursuing their own career and having command over their life is the lack of in depth
knowledge of the said career. In addition, knowledge is required to make valid
career preferences.