Vannessa Colon Ortiz

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H Course Content ... Week 5: Assignments Review Test Submission: Exam 5 (3e)

Review Test Submission: Exam 5 (3e)

User Vannessa Colon Ortiz

Course 17FA PSYC 313 Research Methods (04)
Test Exam 5 (3e)
Started 9/24/17 7:25 PM
Submitted 9/24/17 7:53 PM
Status Completed
Attempt Score 97.5 out of 100 points
Time Elapsed 27 minutes
Results Displayed All Answers, Submitted Answers, Correct Answers

Question 1 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Psychologistshavespeculatedthathavingmoreacquaintancesleadstobetterhealth.
Researchhassupportedthisconnection.Whichprincipleofcausationismetinthis
relationbetweenacquaintancesandhealth?
Selected Answer: Covariancerule.

Answers: Internalvalidityrule.

Covariancerule.

Causalambiguityrule.

Temporalprecedencerule.

Question 2 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Inpsychology,thewordexperimenthasaspecificmeaning.Adefiningcharacteristicof
anexperimentis
Selected Answer: theactivemanipulationofvariables.

Answers: thesystematiccollectionofobjectivedata.

theactivemanipulationofvariables.

findingassociationsbetweenvariables.

creatingoperationaldefinitionsofabstractorcomplexconstructs.
Question 3 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Inaresearchproject,agroupthatexperiencesthemanipulatedindependentvariables
iscalledthe
Selected Answer: experimentalgroup.

Answers: independentgroup.

experimentalgroup.

controlgroup.

placebogroup.

Question 4 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Ifaparticipantthinkstheexperimenteristooaggressive,theparticipantmightstart
actingnegatively.Apsychologistwouldsaythatthisnegativebehaviorisdueto
Selected Answer: psychosocialeffects.

Answers: psychosocialeffects.

biosocialeffects.

stereotypeeffects.

experimenterbiaseffects.

Question 5 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Inresearch,thegroupthatdoesNOTexperiencethemanipulatedindependentvariable
iscalledthe
Selected Answer: controlgroup.

Answers: independentgroup.

experimentalgroup.

controlgroup.

randomizedgroup.

Question 6 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Inmedicalresearch,groupssometimesundergoanexperiencethatresemblesthe
experimentalmanipulationbutdoesnotactuallyinvolvethatmanipulation.Sucha
groupiscalledthe
Selected Answer: placebogroup.

Answers: independentgroup.

experimentalgroup.
 controlgroup.

placebogroup.

Question 7 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Ifthethreecriteriaforestablishingcausationarenotmet,weareinastateof
Selected Answer: causalambiguity.

Answers: experimentalrealism.

demandcharacteristics.

causalambiguity.

divergentvalidity.

Question 8 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Extraneousvariables
Selected cansometimesbedealtwithbyusingcontrolgroups
Answer:
Answers: tendtobeproblemsindoubleblindstudies,butnotsingleblind
studies.

tendtoreducethedegreeofexternalvalidityinastudy.

canbeavoidedthroughrandomsampling.

cansometimesbedealtwithbyusingcontrolgroups

Question 9 2.5 out of 2.5 points

TheearlystudiesofFearofSuccessthatshowedthatwomenfearedsuccessused
femalenamesthatwereassociatedwithlowerintelligenceandachievementthanthe
correspondingmen'snames.Thisproblemofdifferentialeffectsofthenamesreflected
thepresenceof
Selected Answer: anextraneousvariable.

Answers: causalambiguity.

experimenterbias.

demandcharacteristics.

anextraneousvariable.

Question 10 2.5 out of 2.5 points

ResearchershavediscoveredthatchildrenexperiencingAttentionDeficitHyperactivity
 Disorder(ADHD)showimprovementsiftheyattendclassesoninvolvingbehavioraland
socialskills,comparedtoagroupofADHDchildrenwhodidnotattendtheclasses.The
groupofchildrenwhoattendedtheclassesconstitutethe
Selected Answer: experimentalgroup.

Answers: experimentalgroup.

independentgroup.

controlgroup.

placebogroup.

Question 11 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Ifanexperimenterismucholderthanaparticipant,thatparticipantsmightact
differentlythanwithayoungresearcher.Thisisanexampleof
Selected Answer: biosocialeffects

Answers: apsychosocialreaction.

evaluationapprehension.

mundanerealism.

biosocialeffects

Question 12 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Ifneithertheexperimenternortheparticipantknowsthegrouptowhichtheparticipant
hasbeenassigned,thestructureofthedesignis
Selected Answer: doubleblind.

Answers: externallyvalid.

doubleblind.

aplacebostudy.

freeofextraneousvariables.

Question 13 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Psychologistshavespeculatedthathavingmoreacquaintancesleadstobetterhealth.
Researchhassupportedthisconnection.Whichprincipleofcausationismetinthis
relationbetweenacquaintancesandhealth?
Selected Answer: covariancerule.

Answers: internalvalidityrule.

covariancerule.

casualambiguityrule.
 temporalprecedencerule.

Question 14 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Indeterminingcausation,wehavetoidentifyatleasttwovariableswhosevalues
changetogetherinrelatedways.Theprincipleofcausationinvolvedhereisthe
Selected Answer: Covariancerule.

Answers: Covariancerule.

Internalvalidityrule.

Causalambiguityrule.

Temporalprecedencerule.

Question 15 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Thefactthatparticipantstrytoliveuptoanexperimenter'sexpectationsmeansthat
theychangetheirbehaviorstoconformtowhattheyperceiveasappropriate.This
tendencyisreferredtoas
Selected Answer: demandcharacteristics.

Answers: demandcharacteristics.

asingleblind

causalambiguity.

mundanerealism.

Question 16 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Aresearcherrecentlydiscoveredthatpeoplewitharthritickneeswhounderwentfake
surgeryontheirkneesexperiencedthesamedegreeofrelieffromsymptomsthat
peoplewhohadactualsurgerydid.Thegroupthatthoughttheyunderwentsurgerybut
actuallydidnotconstitutethe
Selected Answer: placebogroup.

Answers: experimentalgroup.

independentgroup.

controlgroup.

placebogroup.

Question 17 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Sometimespsychologistschoosenonexperimentalmethodsintheirresearchbecause
 Selected theexperimentalapproachmayinvolveaproblemwithethics.
Answer:
Answers: experimentalapproacheshavebeencriticizedasinvolvingtoomuch
controlovervariables.

psychologistsareseldomconcernedwithissuesofcauseandeffectin
behavior.

nonexperimentalresearchshowshigherlevelsofinternalvalidity.

theexperimentalapproachmayinvolveaproblemwithethics.

Question 18 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Ifaresearcherdiscoversthatavariablethatisnotofinterestinastudymaybe
affectingthedependentvariable,thatresearcher
Selected Answer: hasidentifiedapossibleextraneousvariable.

Answers: canruleoutcausalambiguity.

shouldinvokethetemporalprecedencerule.

hasidentifiedapossibleextraneousvariable.

shoulduseadoubleblindstudytoovercometheproblem.

Question 19 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Ifaresearchstudyrevealsadifferencebetweentwogroupsthatseemstobeduetothe
independentvariablebut,inreality,thedifferencewasduetosomeothervariablethat
theexperimenterdidn'tknowabout,thereisaproblemwith
Selected Answer: anextraneousvariable.

Answers: anextraneousvariable.

demandcharacteristics.

theHawthorneeffect.

thecovariancerule.

Question 20 2.5 out of 2.5 points

TheHawthorneeffectreferstothefactthat
Selected
Answer: peoplewanttocooperatewitharesearcherandproducedesirableresults
whenbeingstudied.

Answers: peopleactdifferentlythannormalinanartificial,laboratorysetting.

ifpeoplebecomeinvolvedinaresearchtask,thetasktakeson
experimentalrealism.
 extraneousvariablescanresultinareductioninexternalvalidity.

peoplewanttocooperatewitharesearcherandproducedesirableresults
whenbeingstudied.

Question 21 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Adoubleblindstudyisnotpossiblewhen
Selected Answer: theresearchinvolvesassessingbehaviorsofmenversuswomen.

Answers: anexperimentlacksexperimentalrealism.

thepossibilityoftheHawthorneeffectexists.

theresearcherusesacoverstory.

theresearchinvolvesassessingbehaviorsofmenversuswomen.

Question 22 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Ifaresearcherhadhighexpectationsaboutthewayparticipantswouldactinan
experiment,theinvestigatormightunknowinglyinfluenceparticipantstoconformto
thoseexpectations.Thispatternofbehaviorreflects
Selected Answer: experimenterbias.

Answers: experimenterbias.

singleblindeffects.

randomselection.

placeboeffects.

Question 23 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Variablesthataffectparticipantsinonegroupinagivenwaybutthataffectparticipants
inasecondgroupdifferentlyornotatallareknownas
Selected Answer: confounds.

Answers: confounds.

demandcharacteristics.

dependentvariables.

controlvariables.

Question 24 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Whenresearchparticipantsknowwhatconditiontheyhavebeenassignedto,they
 mightchangetheirbehaviorsinwaysthatwouldbeexpectedfromsomebodyinthat
condition.Thisproblemcanbeavoidedbyusing
Selected Answer: ablindstudy.

Answers: aplacebogroup

randomassignmentofparticipantstogroups

mundanerealism.

ablindstudy.

Question 25 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Thelogicofanexperimentisthatwhenonegroupthatexperiencesanexperimental
manipulationandanothergroupdoesnot,anydifferencesinsubsequentbehaviorare
duetotheindependentvariable.Thisconclusionistruewhen
Selected bothgroupsarecomparableatthebeginningofthestudy.
Answer:
Answers: bothgroupsarecomparableatthebeginningofthestudy.

thecontrolgroupandtheplacebogroupexperiencethesame
manipulation.

thestudyisdoubleblind,butnotsingleblind.

demandcharacteristicsarepresentinbothgroups.

Question 26 0 out of 2.5 points

Sometimesparticipantsengageincertainbehaviorsto"help"theresearchergetthen
resultstheexperimenter"wants."Inordertokeeptheparticipantsfromtryingtofigure
outwhatbehaviorsareexpected,theresearchercould
Selected
Answer: increasetheextraneousvariablestokeeptheparticipantfromidentifying
theindependentvariable.

Answers: userandomassignmenttoplaceparticipantsingroups.

increasethelevelofexperimentalrealismtoengagetheparticipant's
interest.

produceacoverstorysotheparticipantdoesn'tknowwhatthe
experimenterisabout.

increasetheextraneousvariablestokeeptheparticipantfromidentifying
theindependentvariable.

Question 27 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Experimenterswhoarehighintheneedforsocialapprovalsmileandactfriendlymore
thanthosewithalowerneedforsocialapproval.Thisphenomenonillustratesthepoint
 that
Selected aresocialaffairsjustlikeanyotherinteractionbetweenpeople.
Answer:
Answers: experimentersinstudieswithhighlevelsofmundanerealismrespondin
waystogainapprovalfromparticipants.

experimentsoftenshowexperimentalrealism,leadingexperimentersto
changetheirbehaviors.

aresocialaffairsjustlikeanyotherinteractionbetweenpeople.

demandcharacteristicscanresultfromexperimentersaswellas
participants.

Question 28 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Theresearchapproachthatinvolveschangingthelevel,intensity,frequency,or
durationofanindependentvariableis
Selected Answer: experimental.

Answers: correlational.

observational.

experimental.

validational.

Question 29 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Thetendencyforaresearchertoinadvertentlyinfluenceaparticipant'sbehaviorina
certaindirectioniscalled
Selected Answer: experimenterbias.

Answers: causalambiguity.

mundanerealism.

experimenterbias.

Hawthorneeffect

Question 30 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Whenpeoplethinkothersaregoingtojudgetheirbehaviors,thosepeoplebeginto
experience
Selected Answer: evaluationapprehension.

Answers: placeboeffects.

causalambiguity.
 internalvalidation.

evaluationapprehension.

Question 31 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Supposetwogroupsreallydifferedfromoneanotherwithrespecttoadependent
variablebutdidnotactdifferentlyinanexperimentbecauseanunknownvariable
affectedoneofthegroups.Thisproblemcouldresultfrom
Selected Answer: thepresenceofaconfound

Answers: causalambiguity.

thepresenceofaconfound

experimenterbiascausedbydoubleblind.

lackofdivergentvalidity.

Question 32 2.5 out of 2.5 points

PsychologistClaudeSteelehasshownthatgroupsthat"aren'tsupposed"todowellin
certainsituationsdonotasperformwellastheycanwhentheyareremindedthatthey
"shouldn't"dowell.Thisphenomenoniscalledthestereotypethreatandisrelatedto
Selected Answer: evaluationapprehension.

Answers: evaluationapprehension.

experimenterbias.

Hawthorneeffects.

externalvalidity.

Question 33 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Agroupofresearchersdiscoveredthatpeoplewhosleptwithnightlightsaschildren
weremorelikelytobenearsightedthanwerechildrenwhodidnothavenightlights.In
theend,thenightlightsdidn'tseemtobethecauseratherparentalnearsightedness
was.Parentalvision,whichaffectedtheDV,notthenightlights,reflectedthepresence
of
Selected Answer: aconfound.

Answers: asingleblinddesign.

aconfound.

lackofmundanerealism.

lackofexperimentalrealism.
Question 34 2.5 out of 2.5 points

ResearchershavediscoveredthatchildrenexperiencingAttentionDeficitHyperactivity
Disorder(ADHD)showimprovementsiftheyattendclassesoninvolvingbehavioraland
socialskills,comparedtoagroupofADHDchildrenwhodidnotattendtheclasses.The
groupofchildrenwhodidnotattendtheclassesconstitutethe
Selected Answer: controlgroup.

Answers: experimentalgroup.

independentgroup.

controlgroup.

randomizedgroup.

Question 35 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Wheninvestigatorsplanclinicalresearch
Selected theymustaskpeopleiftheywouldbewillingtobeinaplacebogroup.
Answer:
Answers: theymustaskpeopleiftheywouldbewillingtobeinaplacebogroup.

theydonothavetoevaluatetheethicsofwithholdingtreatmentor
providingnonstandardtreatmenttopeople.

theytypicallydonothavetoconsultwithanIRBbecausetheIRBdoesnot
dealwithclinicalresearch.

theyareallowedtostudyonlythosetreatmentsthathavebeenshownto
beeffectiveintreatments.

Question 36 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Inordertoreduceexperimenterbias,aresearchercould
Selected
Answer: standardizetheexperimentalprocedurebygivinginstructionsand
collectingdatabycomputer.

Answers: changethewordingfordifferentconditionstomakesureparticipants
understandwhattheyshoulddo.

standardizetheexperimentalprocedurebygivinginstructionsand
collectingdatabycomputer.

createasingleblindstudysotheparticipantdoesn'tknowhisorher
condition.

increasethelevelofmundanerealismsotheresearchsettingdoesn't
seemartificial

Question 37
 2.5 out of 2.5 points
Ifwewanttoconcludethatagivenvariablehasacausalrelationwithasecond
variable,wehavetobeabletoruleoutotherpossiblecausalvariables.Theprincipleof
causationinvolvedhereisthe
Selected Answer: internalvalidityrule

Answers: covariancerule

internalvalidityrule

causalambiguityrule

temporalprecedencerule

Question 38 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Indeterminingcausation,thecauseofabehaviorhastocomebeforetheeffect.The
principleofcausationinvolvedhereisthe
Selected Answer: temporalprecedencerule

Answers: causalrule

covariancerule

causalambiguityrule

temporalprecedencerule

Question 39 2.5 out of 2.5 points

ResearchbythepsychologistAnthonyLittlerevealedthatwomenwhousecontraceptives
choosemenwholookmore"macho"thandowomennotusingcontraceptives.Inorderto
concludethatcontraceptiveuseisacausalvariablehere,wehavetoruleoutotherpossible
variablesascausingthebehavior.Rulingoutothereffectsinvolveswhichprincipleof
establishingcausation?

Selected Answer: internalvalidityrule

Answers: internalvalidityrule

covariancerule

causalrule

temporalprecedencerule

Question 40 2.5 out of 2.5 points

WhenpsychologistsOrneandScheibe(1962)gaveresearchparticipantsa"panic
button"intheeventthattheybegantoexperiencenegativepsychologicaleffectswhile
sittinginaroom,theparticipantsshowedpanicresponses.Whentherewasnomention
ofapanicbutton,theparticipantsexperiencednonegativeeffects.OrneandScheibe
weredocumentingtheexistenceof
 Selected Answer: demandcharacteristics.

Answers: experimenterbias.

mundanerealism.

demandcharacteristics.

evaluationapprehension.

Sunday, September 24, 2017 7:53:06 PM EDT

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