Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Issue 04
Date 2017-08-30
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Contents
2 Overview......................................................................................................................................... 4
3 Principles.........................................................................................................................................5
3.1 Related Concepts............................................................................................................................................................ 5
3.2 Modulation: DL/UL QPSK, DL/UL 16QAM, DL 64QAM...........................................................................................6
3.3 UL 64QAM.....................................................................................................................................................................6
3.4 DL 256QAM...................................................................................................................................................................6
3.4.1 CQI Table Setting........................................................................................................................................................ 6
3.4.2 DL 256QAM-related Scheduling Process................................................................................................................... 6
3.4.3 DL 256QAM Accessory Algorithm............................................................................................................................ 8
4 Network Analysis.......................................................................................................................... 9
4.1 LBFD-001005 Modulation: DL/UL QPSK, DL/UL 16QAM, DL 64QAM.................................................................. 9
4.1.1 Benefit Analysis.......................................................................................................................................................... 9
4.1.2 Impact Analysis........................................................................................................................................................... 9
4.2 LOFD-001006 UL 64QAM............................................................................................................................................9
4.2.1 Benefit Analysis.......................................................................................................................................................... 9
4.2.2 Impact Analysis......................................................................................................................................................... 10
4.3 LEOFD-110301 DL 256QAM......................................................................................................................................10
4.3.1 Benefit Analysis........................................................................................................................................................ 10
4.3.2 Impact Analysis......................................................................................................................................................... 10
5 Requirements............................................................................................................................... 12
5.1 LBFD-001005 Modulation: DL/UL QPSK, DL/UL 16QAM, DL 64QAM................................................................ 12
5.1.1 License Requirements................................................................................................................................................12
5.1.2 Software Requirements..............................................................................................................................................12
5.1.3 Hardware Requirements............................................................................................................................................ 12
5.2 LOFD-001006 UL 64QAM..........................................................................................................................................13
5.2.1 License Requirements................................................................................................................................................13
5.2.2 Software Requirements..............................................................................................................................................13
5.2.3 Hardware Requirements............................................................................................................................................ 13
7 Parameters..................................................................................................................................... 25
8 Counters........................................................................................................................................ 32
9 Glossary....................................................................................................................................... 137
10 Reference Documents............................................................................................................. 138
1.1 Scope
This document describes the following features:
Any parameters, alarms, counters, or managed objects (MOs) described herein apply only to
the corresponding software release. For future software releases, refer to the corresponding
updated product documentation.
This document applies only to LTE FDD. Any "LTE" in this document refers to LTE FDD,
and "eNodeB" refers to LTE FDD eNodeB.
eRAN12.1 04 (2017-08-30)
This issue includes the following changes.
eRAN12.1 03 (2017-05-31)
This issue includes the following changes.
eRAN12.1 02 (2017-04-26)
This issue includes the following changes.
eRAN12.1 01 (2017-03-08)
This issue includes the following changes.
2 Overview
In digital communications systems, modulation is the process of varying the amplitude, phase,
or frequency of a carrier with a digital baseband signal to convey information using the
carrier. In the LTE system, common modulation schemes include downlink (DL) and uplink
(UL) quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), DL and UL 16 quadrature amplitude modulation
(16QAM), and DL 64QAM. To meet the ever increasing data rates required for today's
services, 3GPP has also introduced UL 64QAM and DL 256QAM. If the channel quality is
good enough, these modulation schemes help increase UL and DL transmission efficiency for
UEs.
A higher modulation order is one that modulates more bits of information into each
modulation symbol, resulting in higher overall spectral efficiency of LTE networks.
Specifically:
l QPSK modulates two bits into a modulation symbol.
l 16QAM modulates four bits into a modulation symbol.
l 64QAM modulates six bits into a modulation symbol.
l 256QAM modulates eight bits into a modulation symbol.
However, a higher modulation order also requires better channel quality for the receiver to be
able to maintain a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) that is high enough to allow
for accurate demodulation of the signal.
3 Principles
3.3 UL 64QAM
UL 64QAM is an enhanced UL modulation scheme. It is enabled if the
PUSCHCfg.Qam64Enabled parameter is set to BOOLEAN_TRUE(True). This modulation
scheme will then be used for UL 64QAM-capable UEs whose UL channel quality is
favorable. After UL 64QAM is enabled, the PUSCHCfg.R12Qam64Enabled parameter can
be set to BOOLEAN_TRUE(True) to prevent compatibility issues with UEs that comply
with 3GPP Release 12 or later.
3.4 DL 256QAM
If adaptive selection has been disabled, the eNodeB selects the CQI table with
256QAM for the UE.
If adaptive selection has been enabled, the eNodeB periodically determines whether
to use the CQI table with 256QAM or the CQI table without 256QAM for the UE
based on channel quality. The period is specified by the
CellDlschAlgo.Dl256QamCqiTblAdpPeriod parameter.
n If this parameter is set to a smaller value, the eNodeB tracks channel quality
changes more frequently for adaptive CQI table selection, resulting in a higher
DL rate. However, RRC connection reconfiguration messages are sent more
frequently. This increases the probability of service drops.
n If this parameter is set to a larger value, the eNodeB tracks channel quality
changes less frequently for adaptive CQI table selection, resulting in a lower
DL rate. However, RRC connection reconfiguration messages are sent less
frequently. This reduces the probability of service drops.
4. The eNodeB performs scheduling based on channel quality and the selected CQI table.
NOTE
The highest-order modulation scheme for evolved multimedia broadcast/multicast service (eMBMS) in
the DL is 64QAM. Therefore, the MCS table without 256QAM is used during scheduling of eMBMS
services.
4 Network Analysis
Impacted Features
None
Impacted Features
Feature ID Feature Name Description
Enabling the DL 256QAM accessory algorithm when DL 256QAM has been enabled does not change
the peak throughput that can be achieved using DL 256QAM.
location where the SINR reaches a certain value, the eNodeB may select DL 64QAM
and TBS index 26, which indicates a TBS of 75,376 bits. In this case, no block error
occurs. However, if the eNodeB uses the CQI and MCS tables with 256QAM, the
eNodeB has to select TBS index 29 because TBS index 26 is unavailable. TBS index 29
indicates a TBS of 73,712 bits. In this scenario, there will be block errors, resulting in a
decrease of approximately 4% in throughput when DL 256QAM is in use.
l Impact on the average CQI and average MCS index
When adaptive selection of CQI tables takes effect:
The number of CQI reports sent by UEs for which DL 256QAM is used is
measured by counters L.ChMeas.DL.256QAM.CQI.DL.0L.ChMeas.DL.
256QAM.CQI.DL.15, as well as by counters L.ChMeas.CQI.DL.0
L.ChMeas.CQI.DL.15. In the 3GPP-defined CQI table with 256QAM, the CQI
value corresponding to each specific modulation scheme is lower than that in the
CQI table without 256QAM. As a result, the average CQI value calculated by using
counters L.ChMeas.CQI.DL.0L.ChMeas.CQI.DL.15 decreases slightly.
The number of times certain MCSs are selected for these UEs is measured by
counters L.ChMeas.PDSCH.DL.256QAM.MCS.0L.ChMeas.PDSCH.DL.
256QAM.MCS.31. Therefore, the average MCS value calculated by using counters
L.ChMeas.PDSCH.MCS.0L.ChMeas.PDSCH.MCS.31 decreases slightly.
The decreases are determined by the proportion of times DL 256QAM is selected. The
higher the proportion, the larger the decreases.
l Impact on other relevant counters
The DL 256QAM accessory algorithm causes an increased value of the
L.Traffic.DL.SCH.256QAM.TB.bits counter.
Impacted Features
Feature ID Feature Name Description
LOFD-001060 DL 4x4 MIMO For UEs that support both DL 4x4 multiple-
input multiple-output (MIMO) and DL
256QAM, DL 256QAM may fail to take
effect after the UEs enter the 4x4 MIMO
state. The gains brought by the DL 256QAM
feature decrease, even to zero.
5 Requirements
Prerequisite Features
None
eNodeB Model
None
Board
None
RF Module
None
BTS3911E Yes
BTS3912E Yes
BTS3202E No
BTS3203E Yes
Board
None
RF Module
None
Prerequisite Features
None
eNodeB Model
Model Supported
BTS3911E Yes
BTS3912E Yes
Model Supported
BTS3202E No
BTS3203E No
Board
The baseband processing unit (BBP) must not be LBBPc. LBBPd cannot be used for the DL
256QAM accessory algorithm.
RF Module
The eNodeB must be equipped with one of the following RF module types:
RF modules for which V3, V6, or KUNLUN is displayed in the Description field of the DSP
BRDMFRINFO command output, for example, RRU3952 and RRU3959 (Before running
the DSP BRDMFRINFO command, operators must run the DSP CELLPHYTOPO
command to obtain the cabinet, subrack, and slot numbers of the RF modules.)
In addition, to enable the DL 256QAM accessory algorithm, each RF module must be
configured to work only for LTE FDD, with a single carrier, and at its rated power.
Step 1 Start a Uu interface tracing task on the U2000 client as follows: Choose Monitor > Signaling
Trace > Signaling Trace Management. Then in the navigation tree on the left, choose Trace
Type > LTE > Application Layer > Uu Interface Trace. Set task parameters to create the
task.
Step 2 Run the MOD PUSCHCFG command to enable 64QAM in the cell.
Step 3 Find the RRC_SYS_INFO message that contains system information block type 2 (SIB2)
from the traced Uu messages. Check the following information element (IE) in the message:
radioResourceConfigCommon > pusch-ConfigCommon > pusch-ConfigBasic >
enable64QAM. If the value of enable64QAM is TRUE, the cell supports UL 64QAM.
Step 4 Use a UL 64QAM-capable UE to access the cell. Adjust the UE so that it is in the cell center.
Perform UL data transmission on the UE.
Step 5 Start MCS-based count monitoring on the U2000 client as follows: Choose Monitor >
Signaling Trace > Signaling Trace Management. Then in the navigation tree on the left,
choose User Performance Monitoring > MCS Count Monitoring.
Step 6 Check the MCS-based count monitoring results for the MCSs used for the UE. If the indexes
of the MCSs used range from 25 to 28, the UL 64QAM feature has taken effect.
----End
l Counters
Monitor the L.Traffic.UL.SCH.64QAM.TB counter. If the counter value is not 0, the
UL 64QAM feature has taken effect.
Benefit Monitoring
Average UL UE throughput = L.Thrp.bits.UE.UL.Experienced/
L.Thrp.Time.UE.UL.Experienced
Compare the average UL UE throughput values before and after the UL 64QAM feature is
activated to determine the feature benefit.
Other Monitoring
None
6.2.2 Deactivation
//Disabling the DL 256QAM accessory algorithm
MOD CELLALGOSWITCH:LOCALCELLID=0,DL256QAMALGOSWITCH=Dl256QamAccessorySwitch-0;
//Disabling DL 256QAM
MOD CELLALGOSWITCH:LOCALCELLID=0,DL256QAMALGOSWITCH=Dl256QamSwitch-0;
Activation Observation
Use either of the following measures to observe whether DL 256QAM has taken effect:
Step 1 On the U2000 client, start a Uu interface tracing task in a cell as follows: Choose Monitor >
Signaling Trace > Signaling Trace Management. Then in the navigation tree on the left,
choose Trace Type > LTE > Application Layer > Uu Interface Trace. Set task parameters
to create the task.
Step 2 Enable a DL 256QAM-capable UE to access the cell, where DL 256QAM has been activated,
from the cell center. Start File Transfer Protocol (FTP) download to the UE.
Step 3 Check the RRC_CONN_RECFG message among the traced Uu messages. If the CQI-
ReportConfig IE in the message has the value altCQI-Table, DL 256QAM has taken effect.
----End
l Counters
Monitor the following counters. If the value of any counter is greater than 0, DL
256QAM has taken effect.
Benefit Monitoring
Average DL UE throughput = (L.Thrp.bits.DL L.Thrp.bits.DL.LastTTI)/
L.Thrp.Time.DL.RmvLastTTI
Compare the average DL UE throughput values before and after the DL 256QAM feature is
activated to determine the feature benefit. The higher the proportion of times DL 256QAM is
selected, the greater the benefit.
Other Monitoring
Before activating the DL 256QAM feature, operators can predict the proportion of times the
DL 256QAM modulation scheme will be selected by calculating the total proportion of times
MCSs 27 and 28 indicating DL 64QAM have been selected. This is because, according to
3GPP TS 36.213, these two values are expected to be similar. Note that the UEs for which
MCS 28 has been selected will benefit the most from the DL 256QAM feature.
After the DL 256QAM feature is activated in a cell, the probabilities of DL UE throughput in
high throughput ranges and the average DL throughput in the cell will increase with the
proportion of times DL 256QAM is selected during scheduling.
l Proportion of times DL 256QAM has been selected during scheduling
Proportion = L.Traffic.DL.SCH.256QAM.TB/(L.Traffic.DL.SCH.256QAM.TB +
L.Traffic.DL.SCH.64QAM.TB + L.Traffic.DL.SCH.16QAM.TB +
L.Traffic.DL.SCH.QPSK.TB)
l Probability of DL UE throughput in each throughput range
Probability of DL UE throughput in throughput range n (n = 09) =
L.Thrp.DL.BitRate.Samp.Indexn/sum(L.Thrp.DL.BitRate.Samp.Index0 to
L.Thrp.DL.BitRate.Samp.Index9)
l Average DL throughput in a cell
Throughput = L.Thrp.bits.DL/L.Thrp.Time.Cell.DL.HighPrecision
7 Parameters
CellDlsc Dl256Q MOD LBFD-0 Basic Meaning: Indicates the adaptive handover period of
hAlgo amCqiT CELLD 02025 / Scheduli the CQI table with the MCS of 256QAM. This
blAdpPe LSCHA TDLBF ng parameter takes effect only when the
riod LGO D-00202 Dynami Dl256QamCqiTblCfgStrategy parameter is set to
LST 5 c ADAPTIVE_CONFIG(ADAPTIVE_CONFIG). This
CELLD LBFD-0 Scheduli parameter applies only to LTE FDD and LTE TDD.
LSCHA 0101502 ng GUI Value Range: 1~1000
LGO / DL Unit: s
TDLBF 256QA
D-00101 Actual Value Range: 1~1000
M
502 Default Value: 10
LAOFD
-090201
/
TDLAO
FD-090
201 /
LEOFD-
110301 /
TDLEO
FD-110
515
8 Counters
9 Glossary
10 Reference Documents