You are on page 1of 13

RUANG LINGKUP MATERI

A. Word level: B. Sentence level (simple, compound, complex):


1. Words 1. Self introduction (written and spoken)
A. Content words:
1. Verbs: 2. Tenses
- Regular verbs a) Past tense
- Irregular verbs: b) Present tense
1. Full verbs c) Future tense
2. Nominal verbs
(tobe, auxiliary) 3. Active-passive

2. Noun 4. Degree of comparison


- Countable noun a) Positive / neutral
- Uncountable noun b) Comparative
c) Superlative
3. Adjective
5. Types of question
4. Adverb a) Yes / no question
b) Wh -question
B. Functional words ex.
Conjunction, preposition, determiner, 6. Direct-indirect speech
pronoun, etc.
7. Conditional sentences
C. Modals a) Type 1
b) Type 2
D. Countable-uncountable noun c) Type 3
(some, any, a lot of, much, many)
8. Gerund-to infinitive
2. Letters:
Alphabet (consonant, vowel/vocal, 9. Affixes and derivation
diphthong) and number (soelling
pronounciation) 10. Relative clause

3. Phrases: 11. Causative


- Noun Phrases
1. CONTENT WORDS:
1. Verbs:
a- Regular verbs ( ----+ed)
Infinitive/to Verb 1 Verb 2 Verb 3 V-ing
inv. (+s/es)
Walk Love Walks Walked Walked Walking
Study Loves Loved Loved Loving
Studies Studied Studied Studying

b- Irregular verbs:
1. Full verbs
Infinitive/to Verb 1 Verb 2 Verb 3 V-ing
inv. (+s/es)
Go Write Sing Goes Went Gone Going
Bring Read Writes Wrote Written Writing
Cut Put Sings Sang Sung Singing
Brings Brought Brought Brought
Read Cut Read Cut Read Cut Read Cut
Put Put Put Put

2. Nominal verbs: (tobe, auxiliary)


Infinitive/to inv Verb 1 Verb 2 Verb 3 V-ing
(+s/es)
to be aux-do am, is was been being
aux-have aux- do/does did done doing
modals/ operator has/have had had having
verb can/will/ could/would could/would -
shall/may / / -
have/has to should/migh should/migh -
must t had to t had to -
must must
2. Noun:
Class Symbol Examples
- Countable noun N Chair, girl, house, student
- Uncountable noun Water, ink, milk, hair, salt, sugar,
sand, ice, fruit, beef, spaghetti,
butter, jam, ham, beer, wine, tea,
coffee, lemonade, honey, bread,
coal, petrol, gas, oil, etc.

3. Adjectives :
Class Symbol Examples
Adjective Adv/Av Beautiful, easy, good, high,
big, clean, smart, rich

4. Adverbs :
Class Symbol Examples
Adverb: Adv/Av Now, tonight, morning,
- Adverb of time yesterday
- Adverb of manner Slowly, clearly, fast, frankly,
hurriedly, beautifully,
completely,etc
- Adverb of place There, here

B. FUNCTIONAL WORDS EX. CONJUNCTION, PREPOSITION, DETERMINER,


PRONOUN, ETC.
Class Symbol Examples
- Determiner D The, a, an, this, that, some, any, all,
many
- Pronoun Pn They, we, I, you, he, she, it, them, us,
me, his, her, someone
- Preposition P On, in, at, of, to, from, for, before,
under, by
- Conjunction Cj And, or, but, if, when, because, so, etc.
- Interjection Ij Oh, ah, hey, ugh, ooh, etc.
- Enumerator E One, two, first, second, etc.
C. APLLYING WORDS ON SENTENCES OF SELF INTRODUCTION
1 Greetings Good morning
Hi
2 Addresses The honorable
Ladies and gentleman,
Everybody/everyone,..
Honorable
Distinguished guests
Dear brother and sisters
3 Opening It is nice to be here
4 Let me introduce myself
Allow me to introduce myself
5 Name My complete name is ..
My call name is .
You can call me../ my friends usually call
me..
6 Origin I come from
I am from ..
7 Place and date of birth I was born in (name of month)
I was born on ( name of the day)
8 Address I live in (name of the city/place)
I live at (street number)
9 Marital status I am Single / married man/woman
10 Educational status I study .
My latest education is.
I was graduated from..
11 Nationality I am Indonesian
12 Occupation/profession I am a teacher I teach at..
I work at ..
13 Hobby My hobby is / are .
14 Interest I am interested in
15 Telephone number 0274/081.
16 Religion I am a moslem, Christian.
17 Spouse name My wife/husbands name is .
18 Name of children My son /daughters name is
19 Pre-closing It is nice to see you
20 Closing See you Bye
D. POLA DASAR KALIMAT BAHASA INGGRIS
Setiap kalimat harus mempunyai Subject dan Predicator , dan mempunyai tiga arti :
1. Subject melakukan suatu perbuatan
2. Subject dalam suatu keadaan atau dikenai suatu perlakuan
3. Menggambarkan adanya sesuatu pada suatu tempat atau waktu.
Subject Predicator
Kata Ganti: Am kt. Sifat/Adjective
(Pronouns) I
You Is kt. Benda/Noun
They, We
He, She, It Are + kt. Ket/Adverb atau
who, which/that Kelompok preposisi

Kata Benda : Was V-ing


(Nouns) Students, Children
Water, Education Were V 3 To infinitive

Kel. Kt. Benda: will, can, may, must would,


(Noun phrases) A new method could, should + infinitive
The spirit of the people
The women who work have object/Noun
there
has +V3
Gerund: Smoking
Writing a thesis had to infinitive

V 1 (s/es)
V2
E. NOUN PHRASES
Posisi dan Fungsi NOUN PHRASES
A. Sebagai Subjek
1. The lessons begin at 7 a.m and finish at 1 p.m.

2. Things made in Japan are very popular everywhere.

3. There is always something new.

4. The issue which we will discuss is very important.

B. Sebagai Objek
1. Many people suffer from mental disturbance nowadays.

2. They gave some help to the refugees.

3. The doctor will cure his broken legs.

4. We need experts who can assist us in the development of modern technology.

C. Sebagai Pelengkap Predikat (complement)


1. Mount Merapi is a smoking volcano

2. The committee considers it a sound plan.

3. It is a good thing to be on time.

4. Religion, race, and education are some difference that are known.

D. Sebagai keterangan (bersama preposisi)


1. The tourists went to the beach by bus.

2. There will be economics recession in the following year.

3. With some knowledge of English they can easily get jobs.

4. The questionnaires are sent to the university from which they graduate.

E. Sebagai Bagian dari Frasa Benda yang lebih luas


1. All the passengers of the wrecked ship were hopeless.

2. It is a crucial period in a childs growth.

3. The careless exploitation of our natural resources is a great loss.

F. Berdiri sendiri (sebagai judul buku, makalah, artikel, dsb)


1. A Smilling General.

2. The Sound of Music


F. INDEFINITE NUMERALS
Constable Nouns Uncountable Nouns

Many students Much sugar


Some Some
A few A little
Few Little
No No

SOME
1. a. Some people live In town and some others live in the country.
b. The refugees need some help.
c. Some man at the door is asking to see the manager.
d. Some 3000 workers

2. a. Has she got some money?


b. Would you like some drink?

ANY
1. I havent got any friend there.
2. Do you have any questions?
3. The tourists can come any day.

G. TENSES

Past Time Present Time Future Time


Past Tenses Present Tenses Future Tenses
Simple Past Simple Present (Simple) Future Tense
She wrote several She writes novels. She will write some novels.
novels last year. She is rich now She will be very rich.
She was miserable
Past Continuous Present Continuous Future Continuous
She was writing a new She is writing a new novel She will be writing more
novel then. now novels
Past Perfect Present Perfect Future Perfect.
She had written a few She has written many She will have written more
novels before the novels. novels by then.
accident.
Past Perfect Continuous Present Perfect continuous Future Perfect Continuous
She had been writing She has been writing many She will have been writing
several novels. novels more novels
H. PASSIVE VOICE

Simple Present Tense Active : Somebody cleans this room every day.
is/am/are + V3 Passive : This room is cleaned every day.

Many accidents are caused by dangerous


driving.
Im not often invited to parties.
How many people are injured in road
accidents every day?
Simple Present Tense Active : Somebody cleaned this room
was/were + V3 yesterday.
Passive : This room was cleaned yesterday.

During the night we were all woken up by a


loud explosion.
When was the castle built?
The house wasnt damaged in the storm but a
tree was blown down.
Present Continuous Active : Somebody is cleaning this room at the
am/is/are + being + V3 moment.
Passive : This room is being cleaned at the
moment.

Look at those old houses! They are being


knocked down.
(shop assistant to customer) Are you being
served, madam?
Present Perfect Tense Active : The room looks nice. Somebody has
have/has + been + V3 cleaned it.
Passive : The room looks nice. It has been
cleaned

Have you heard the news? The president has


been shot.
Have you ever been bitten by a dog?
Im not going to the party. I havent been
invited.
Passive with modal Auxiliaries Active : Somebody will clean this room.
Will Passive : This room will be cleaned.
Can
Must + be + V3 The new hotel will be opened next year.
May George might be sent to Europe by his
Could company next August.
The music could be heard from far away.

I. ---ING FORMS

a. Gerunds
1. As a Subject : Smoking too much is not good for health.

2. As an Object : I like playing tennis.

3. As a Complement : My hobby is playing tennis.

4. As a Noun Modifier : a reading book / the opening ceremony.

5. After a Preposition : He gained the success by working hard.

6. As a Title : Gardening / Empowering Society / Writing

b. Present Participles
1. As a Continuous Tense : The Workmen are building a house.

2. As a Noun Modifier : a developing country. the people living on the island


3. As a Complement : Suddenly I heard a baby crying

4. As a Free Adjunct/Participial Phrase :


Smoking too much, he suffers from cough.
The girl came to the hospital bringing some flowers.

J. FREE ADJUNCTS / PARTICIPIAL PHRASE


A. Contracted forms of adverbial clauses :
When/if/because he smokes too much, he suffers from cough.
--------------- Smoking too much, he suffers from cough.

Because they are very poor, they cannot pay the school-fees.
--------------- (Being) very poor, they cannot pay the school fees.

As it is built on a hill, the temple looks more elegant and beautiful.


--------------- (Being) built on a hill, the temple looks more elegant and beautiful.

After she has finished the work, she went home.


--------------- Having finished the work, she went home.
B. Replacing a sentence, indicating two actions happening at the same time :
He stood there. He waited for you.
------- He stood there, waiting for you.
The girl came to the hospital. She brought some flowers.
------- The girl to the hospital, bringing some flowers.

K. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Type 1 : [ If S --- V1, S ----will + infinitive ] Future Possibilities

If they come, I will phone you.

If the prices are low, people will buy more.

Type 2 : [ If S ---V2, S --- would + infinitive ] Present Impossibilities

If he lived here, we would easily contact him.

If she were a flower, I would be the beetle.

Were we to leave today, we would get there by Sunday.

Type 3 : [ If S had + V3, S would have + V3] Past Impossibilities

If they had informed us before, we would have arrived earlier.

Had it been sunny yesterday, we would have gone for a picnic.

[ S wish S --- V2] --------- Present Unfulfilled Hope

We wish he lived here.

[ S --- wished S --- had + V3] ------- Past Unfulfilled Hope

I wished you had come to the party last night.

L. DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH


I. John said, I am busy today. (direct)
John said (that) he was busy that day. (indirect)
II. a. He always asks me, When will you get married?
He always asks me when I will get married.
b. The host asked us, Will you stay the night here?
The host asked us whether we would stay the night there.
if
III. The doctor said to me, Have a rest for a few days and dont smoke too much.
The doctor told me to have a rest for a few days and not to smoke too much.
M. THE USE OF ADJECTIVES

1. That girl is beautiful.

2. She is a beautiful girl.

3. The flowers look beautiful.

4. The rich the poor the dead

N. THE USE OF NOUNS


1. The island is situated to the east of Java.
2. A lot of tourists visit the island. It is a beautiful island.
3. These works of arts come from the island.
4. The Shetlanders are an island race.
5. People admire the beauty of the island.

O. ADJECTIVES DEGREES OF COMPARISON

Positive Comparative Superlative

I. small smaller the smallest

high higher the highest

hard harder the hardest

II. A. expensive more expensive the most expensive

beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful

B. handsome more handsome the most handsome

Careful more careful the most careful

III. good better the best

bad worse the worst

many/much more most

a little less least

a few fewer ---

Note : goodly > well


P. ADVERB DEGREES OF COMPARISON

Positive Comparative Superlative

I. carefully more carefully the most carefully

slowly more slowly the most slowly

II. hard harder the hardest

fast faster the fastest

late later the latest

early earlier the earliest

III. badly worse the worst

well better the best

much more the most

Note : goodly > well


MODUL BAHASA INGGRIS
DI
S
U
S
U
N
OLEH

ADITYA RINANDA
14022001

PROGRAM STUDI EKONOMI PEMBANGUNAN


FAKULTAS EKONOMI
UNIVERSITAS SAMUDERA LANGSA
2015

You might also like