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1C INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY
P-01 Dr. Paguiriga n | A ugust 25 , 2017
1 DUPITAS, Group1
P-01 INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY: THE CELL AND GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY
7.5 nm in thickness and made up of Basement Membrane also called Basal Lamina.
Proteins and Lipids Found mostly in underlying surface of cells.
Phospholipids are the major lipids. E.g. Thin structure that contain Fibrils.
phosphatidylcholine Made up of Collagen and Glycoproteins.
*Phospholipids have two parts: *Cells exhibits Intercellular Connections, in
1. Head contains phosphate; is between cells, for communication.
soluble to water; also called as Polar or
Hydrophilic; Exposed to the aqueous 2 types of Junctions for Intercellular
environment in the exterior of the cell. Connection
2. Tail - Relatively insoluble; called 1. Tight Junctions Permits the transfer of
Non- polar or Hydrophobic; ends meet in the information from one cell to another.
water-poor interior of the membrane. Build tissues with strength and hold
tissues together.
Prokaryotic cell present in the membrane Known examples are Zonulae
of the bacteria. Phospholipids are the only Occludens, Desmosomes,
membrane. Hemidesmosomes, and Zonulae
Eukaryotic Cell- Contains nuclei. Thus it Adherens
contains Cholesterol and Phospholipids. Made up of ridges, Cingulin and ZO-1.
Barriers varies in magnitude: leaky
Types of Globular Proteins found in the Cell barriers adheres to solutes.
Membrane Maintains polarity of the cell.
1. Integral proteins Globular proteins that Fence keeping for certain proteins to the
passes through the cell membrane. apical region.
2. Peripheral proteins Lines up or stands up
in the cell membrane. Attached to the surface In Epithelial Cells, you can find:
of the Cell Membrane. Glycosylated form; 1. Zonulae Adhrerens found in the base
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) of the cell; Made up of Intracellular Active
Most cells contains 50% of proteins. Fibers.
2. Adhesion Protein Cell Adhesion
Functions of the Cell Membrane Molecules (CAMS); Holds epithelial cells
1. Structural Proteins together.
2. Pumps = actively transport Ions across the Two Types of CAMS:
cell membrane A. Uromurolin Cell to cell
3. Carriers= transport substances across cell contact
membrane as electrochemical gradient by B. Laminin Cell- substrate
Facilitated Diffusion. contact.
4. Ion Channels = permit the passage of ions
in or out of the cell. 2. Gap Junctions Transfer molecules and Ions
5. Receptors= binds neurotransmitters. from cell to another.
6. Enzymes= catalyze reactions on the surface Surrounds the apical regions of the cell.
of the cell membrane. Intercellular space to 25 nm to 3 nm.
7. Antibodies= made up of Glycoproteins; Hexagonal shape of protein units called
distinguish cell from non-cell Connexons, made up of 6 sub-units.
Channels: Diameter is 2nm
2 DUPITAS, Group1
P-01 INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY: THE CELL AND GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY
Permits sugar ions, and Amino Acid with up 3. Ribosomes bound to ER or found free in
to 1000 molecular weight. the cytoplasm.
Permits propagation of electrical signals. Large number of Protein and several
Permits exchange of various chemical RNA molecules.
messenger. Synthesized proteins from Amino
Regulated by intercellular calcium. Acids using genetic materials.
Effected by pH, alkalinity and volts difference * The synthesized proteins are then
of the cell. transferred to the Golgi Apparatus.
3 DUPITAS, Group1
P-01 INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY: THE CELL AND GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY
4 DUPITAS, Group1
P-01 INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY: THE CELL AND GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY
5 DUPITAS, Group1