Sand replacement tests

The main uses of the sand replacement test are listed below :-

The visual inspection of in-situ soil conditions.

The detailed examination of soil variability, structure and weathering
profile.
Assessing the ease of excavation for construction cost estimation and
determining.
Many civil engineering projects require the use of in-situ 'fill' material.
Whenever soil is placed as an engineering fill, it is usually compacted to
a dense state, to obtain satisfactory engineering properties.

1- CHARACTERISTICS
This sand is made of natural siliceous sand (silica content higher than 97 %), the water
content of which is lower than 0.1 %. The constituent grains of the sand are uncrushed and
rounded form. The sand is packaged in 25 kg bags. It is used for public works and allows
the measure of soils or granulated material density in -situ. It is employed with sand-cone
apparatus.
2- CONTROLS
The grading of replacement or density sand is conformed to BS 1377 : part 9 and ASTM D
1556-07. The average grading of the sand is as follow :