!

"

! #$$%

& ' ( !
 ) ) *+)* ),
)- ),
.),)& / 0 , 1
) ' 1
2 ' 1
/ 0 , &), (), 11
/ 0 , /- (), #1
" * ,)3 ,/"" *+ 0* #4
* 0 5/0 0 66
/,)+ 7$
*+)* ), .), *+)* / 0 , 78
-3 8$
-/, ) 86
* ,-)" 84
 !"" # $!"" %
) ' 8$$ )
'
) '
) '

+ 11 ) '

+ 1#) '

&' ( ' $)*+ , $))*%

9 ' ' ' :

+ 16 '

1
 ' !
)

1%;7! < < . ! + < ( = 3 >

91%7% 1?1%: '
!

' ' ! 3 >

2 14#$!
" @ = "
< " ! !

! ! !
!
2 ' 3 >! "

) <
! " 2 91?;1 14?1: 141#! 2
A
B

0 2
' 14##
<<
<< !
' '
<< ! 2
!
) ' ) 2 ! ) ) 91418 147#:
3 ) 2
= ' ! ' !
< ) ' !
)

1;4$! )
) )

+ 173 ) 2 9" <3 = ' :

#
 2 ! ! <
2 !

8$ $$$ !
) ' < 9 :

144;! & & 914%$ 1;#;: <

'
' 2 )
144$
! 2

+ 18 <

& <
' 4$
= !
' !
<
' &
' "
14;% 2 ' 91;#7:
, ,
2 ' <
<
1;%$

! C =
2 914;$ 1;?7:
<< 1;61 <<

1;$6! . C ) << " << 2

' 2
+ 2 91418 14%7:
!

6
 ! ) << 2
1;7$ *

-
& . / ( 0 ' /
2 ! < A
1 ) !
" A 22 20
# ! !

6 !

& . / /
2 < ! < A
$1 2 342

! ' !
1;%$ ! "
" " 9" ":! 1;?$
" !" , '
!
#8 91;%8 1;;$:
1;4$ ' !
' !
2 & ! " '

+ 1% '

<
' ' ! 9 ! !
< 9 !
! < :! !

(
'
= <
' !
! !
& '

B ! <

7
 5/

2 /342 2
#8 #$$8 2 53 2 3 '
3= * 3 ! ) 6# ?%4
' ' 168 8 -
#? / #$$8 2 53 ' ' #4$ % -
* = #$$8! %1D 8$$ ' )
2 , 94!#D:! . 97!4D:! . 97!#D:! ,
, 96!7D:! ) 9#!#D:! 91!4D:! ' 91!%D:!
91!7D:! 91!#D: 91!#D:
76!4D 8$$ ' 2
& ' 966!4D:! " 96!%D:! + 96!%D:! 96!7D:! 3 E *
96!#D:! * " 91!#D:! ) ' 91D:! 91D: & '
91D:
, ) 6#
71!#D 8$$ ' %7
91%!#D:! 917!%D:! ) E4% %7 911D:! ) %7 9;!#D:! ) , " 96!7D:
" 91!%D:
?#!#D 8$$
3 E! ) @ 94!4D:! & 0* @ 9%!#D:! "* 53 E 96!%D:!
0* "/ 9#!4D:! '/ @ 91D: 3 E ; 91D:

*1 ( - 4

+ 1? <

+1 3 ' 342

+ 14 "

51 3 33/ 342
3 9 5 :
9 ' :
' 2 1 6
! < )5"

2 3 1 %
' ! < !
! 3 <

8
 ' ! ! 3
3" 93 F " : 1$ '
1? ' !
3 '
' <
0 2

+ 1;*

!1 3 ' ( ( ' (

+ 1 1$ )

& . / 6 4
2 ! <
1 + !
" A "! * !
# ' !

" A ' '

& . / 7 (
2 ! < A
1 + 1;77 1;84
' ' ! ' != '
# + 1;8; 1;%6
' ='

%
6 + 1;%7 1;?$
" '
7 + 1;?1 *
3 C3 ' ' 5 1$$G < <

342 7 ( 4
' ' A * )" 91;76 1;7%:
' '* ' "
18!$$$ F <
6$

#$ H I

+ 1 11 '

83 4 91;78:
' '
J ' '
' '
!
' !

?
 9 83 4 3. '

Memory Input/Output
System

BUS

Central Processing
Unit

+ 1 1# C *

7 (
= '' ='
'
2 3 1;7? 1;8$ ' =

' (9
B
B
- B
' B
, ' B
' < ' B
'' =' B
) < ' ' F !
B
", 9 ' ' ' :
'

7 (
( = !
' !
2 9F > ' : . ' !
E ! 9" A
' ' : 1;84 "
'

' & ! '

'
9 :
'

4
7 ( 8
"! A '
3 ' 93 :
' 1;4$ ! C 3 '
9C3 : '

+ 1 16

0 3 ' 903 :

& ! <
" 7$$7 1;?1 "
9' ' !
! 5 : ' ' !
" <
!
!
' = = ! = ! ' ' <
'

+ 1 17

;
 : ( ;
1 '
' '

# 2
' ' K

'< .0
1

< (
1 '
# " !&3 " < < ) ' & #$$$ " 1
6 ! ' 0 , " L0 1;;;

1$
" &

342 9 :!
< 9 :!
9 ' :

2 # 3 # 2 3. '

+ #1 ' /

A ! ! ' !'
/ A < ! != ! '
A< ! !> ! !< !' '
' A '5 ' 5 5 '

+ ## ' /

11
" &

6 A
1 & 9 :

# < 9 3 :

6 2 9 :

+ #6 &

3423 342 ;
3 9 3 . A " 0!
! = ' ! ,) !

1#
" &

+ #7 5

' 3 ( ( % A

2 3 3
" 0 " 0
! '
1;?$ ! '
" 0

+ #8" 0

16
" &

9 ( ; ' '
9 :

+ #%"

43 0 A
' !
! !
'
2 ,) ' ! '
9 ! ,/ :! ,)
9 :
< ' <!
,)

+ #?

(2 43 0 ;
1 .34 43 0%
-
- 9- : ,)
,)
) '

' '
'

- C - , '
" *

: . . %
1;;8 /
, < - /
' '
&
= / 2 E /
', )'' 92 / ,) :

17
" &

2 / /
< ' <
/
'
77$-@ *
,)

' ,) ! ,)
,)
< '
1;;? ' 76$C@ 76$ @! "
,)

, 9 ,: ,) =
,) '

1 . '0 43 0%
'

,/
=
! '

,/ 7 A
1 3 '< 3= %

# 2 )
< ! ! < '
6 &33 2 3 . - '
- = '

7 & & ( 2 > 2 0 4% =

42 4 4 9(2 ;
1 ,/ 9, / :
# ,/ 9 ,/ :
6 ,/ 9 ,/ :
7 ,/ 9 ' ' ,/ : < ,/

18
" &

3 ( 3 ; ='
<

+ #4

. .( / . (? %;
!

!" ,/ !

+ #;&

-'3320 (? A
<

M ' M M M < = !
" 0 1!77 2 9
:! 1!71 2

+ # 1$ -

1%
" &

334

+ # 11 " =

" ' 9" : A

!
" 1;4#! <
#$$% "
' '
1% " 77 1 &> " 1#$
4$ 1#$ 4$
4$ ! " !
#$
! "
,/ !
9" , " ,(: " ,/ " ,
' " #$$% "
' A #$$7!
" ) ! " ,/ ! " , ' 6$

+ # 1# " ,

87 . A C+) C + ' )
2 1;4?
C+) 9 :
0 5 < !
C+) C+) 1%!
6#!%7!1#4!#8% . + - '
*=

+ # 16 C+) "

0 3 .!
9 :

1?
" &

< '
<

! <
) !
L( , !

@
L( ,
, 14?7

9 -1! -#! :
!

+ # 17

9 :
' 1;%6
1
6 1;?$!
@ !
MN@ ' NM
2
M M ! '

B
!
! ! <

+ # 18

14
" &

3423 4 9 ;
1 3 . .; 9 " :
! "
* ! '
' ! ' 6A
1 " / ! '

# " /<< ! ' )5 "

, ! "
6 ' E ! '
! 0 2 - (
0 ! -
! ( =
! # 9 :!
7 9 :
4 ! 1% ! #7 ! 6#
' ' 2 !
" = 3

+ # 1% " <<

*1 .
3)* " #
! <

+ # 1? 3)* "

1;
" &

+1 ( > 8 (
) ' " '

+ # 14 " (

51 3. 4
9 :

!1 . .
)1 ( 3293
A1 4

< (;
1 " !&3 " < < ) ' & #$$$ " 1
# ! ' 0 , " L0 1;;;
6

#$
" <

-
< 9 3 :

320 ( 9 . 320' <

7 & " ! '
" < ' '
' < ' . ' <
< ' !
" < ' !
'
9< < :
'
! " <
'
" 9 ' : " < .
< <
> ' '

< <
+ ' 3' 9+ 3:
" <
&
< <
' <
< < < <
" <
! <
= =
"
' ' . !'
* !

9 : !
/

B
2 = =
+ 3 ! + 3 < + 3 !
= =
- - ' ! - - 2
= - < 2 ' ' , /
' = 9/ : / ' < 9/ : 1;;4
/ ' -
< ! - < + 3' /
'
< / ' / ' = 1;
A

#1
" <

1 - , 2
# ' " ' '
6 = ( 2 < 5
7 < ) G ' " ' ' '
9 < :
< 5 '
8 * ' ) +

% * ' ) - < =

? < 3' 3 <

4 3' * 2 '<' ' 3

; 3' * , ' / < 3

<
1$ 3 ' 2 ' * 3
!
" ,/

( (
3
'
3 >
'
'
'

< ' A
1 -
5 '
'
#
5 '
'
6 " '
5 2
E 9 : " , 5
0

< #A
$1 0 4 3< =
< / 9
:
<
" < A
/ 9 / :
3 E
3 E = & !
< 3 2 ' = 1;;1

##
" <

! 9 ' ' :3 E '

3 E
= E
" = ! = !
! E ! ! ! ! '
(
( ' < 2 +
( ;$D
( 3 E

2 -
'/
2 /
( "
*1 22'( (3 3< =
) ' <
! ! <
" A
' <

/2
'

/ ( . 3< =
1 3 . 3 (

+ 61 ' < ( #$$6

#6
" <

+ 6#(
1 ' 3 ( 2 . 9

+ 66 ' < E' #$$6

1 4 4

#7
" <

+ 67

+ 68 ' < )'' #$$6

#8
" <

+ 6% L3 8 $ 14

#%
" <

.1 7 29(

+ 6?) "

1 344 ( (3

" A
1 /
# > - < E
6 E
7 * '
8 F
%

<1 <<( (
' <
)
2
" << ' A
1 ' < /<< '
# / /<< '
6 /<< '

'3423/;
1 ' (
J =
# 3 E '
' ) '
'

#?
" <

6 < ' '

< O.

, < A
1 " !&3 " < < ) ' & #$$$ " #
# (
6

#4
" ' 0

8 7
. 9 '
" 0 1;?1! '
! !
" ' 0 ' 7$$7
4 "

4' 9
9
( 3
+ 4$4% 4$44 1;?4 J 1;41 ## $$$
+ 4$#4% 1;47 1#4 $$$
+ 4$64% @ 4$64% @ 1;4? 1;44 #8$ $$$
+ C 4$74% @!4$74% @!4$74% @# 1;;$ 1;;# 1 #$$ $$$
4$74% @7
+ C 1;;6 1;;8 6 1$$ $$$
2 5" E %@4% 1;;%
) 8 1;;%
@ 1;;% 1;;?
) % 1;;? 4 4$$ $$$
" E %E4% @ 1;;? 8 ?$$ $$$
+ C 1;;% 8 8$$ $$$
1;;? ? 8$$ $$$

+ 71+ " 0

9 ( B

" 0

) '
5/
3 ' 0

+ 7#/ " 0 5/

" 0 =
< - 9 E ' :

#;
" ' 0

9 : !
9 E ' :
, '
<

" 0 # A
1 " 0
2 !

# ) '53 '0
)30

)30 7 ' A !
! !

A
1 F ' 9P:
# 3 ' 9Q:
6 + ' 9R:

" 0

+ 76" 0 '

- 7 - %
- 0 ' ' '
- 0
'
-
4$4% 4$4?
4$#4% 4$#4?
4$64% 4$64?
4$74% @ 2
4$74% @ *
2
+ 77 - 0

/ / (( / (
" 0 A
1 )
# ' '
6
7 2
8 ) ! " 0
% 9 :
?
4 1

6$
" ' 0

( ( '

+ 78

+ 7%

&(

$ 1
1 1
$11$ 7
$11$1$11 4

+ 7?2

&(' &(
(4 ' &(
$ $
1 1
# 1$
6 11
7 1$$
8 1$1
% 11$
? 111
4 1$$$
; 1$$1
1$ 1$1$

+ 742

61
" ' 0

&0
1 P4
9 &( 2 &0 4
) $1$$$$$1 %8
2 $1$$$$1$ %%
" $1$$$$11 %?
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1$1111$$ 144
+ 7;2

) ' " < < '

+ 7 1$ ) " "

3 39 ;
$$11$$$1$$11$$1$$$11$$11
$$11$$$1 P 1
$$11$$1$ P #
$$11$$11 P 6

< (;
1 " !&3 " < < ) ' & #$$$ " 6
# )' + "& 1;;;

6#
 5/

8 >

2 5/ " A
1 )9 )' ' :
# " 9 " ' ':
6 )+ 9)'' + ' :! C+)
7 0 2 90 = 2 :
8 " 9 " J E :

> &
"

)
))

"

" )
"
0 4 2
& 9' : - "

" + ' )

)+ + ' )

0 2 0 2

+ 8 1 5/ 2

66
 5/

+ 8 # 5/ 0

' > 23
" A
- '

9 :
'

( ' 3

, #6# < '

+ 8 6 , #6#

< , #6# ' ' 118 #$$

' #$$

67
 5/

A
1
#
6 < '
7
8

'' ' 3

+ 87

& (? ' ( '& %

0 2 " " <

+ 18 0 2

+ 8%0 2

68
 5/

2 ?(
1
7 ' A
1$1 '
1$7 (
46 " @ 9 :
47 ) 9 :

+ 8 ? 1$1 '

+ 8 4 1$7 '

+ 8;

6%
 5/

*1 3
A

6?
 5/

+1
51 ( 3293

2 ?(
$1 3 ( 3
' A
", J 9" , :
3" J 93 F " :

E + E 9 ' :!
3 74$ $$$ 1 ;#$ $$$ E
, < I < I
< & > 9&>:! H ' I
" E
. '

C ,) = ' ,)
' 0
1! # 7 2 ,)

+ 8 1$ E
*1 (
A
3

64
 5/

' E
+1 2 /

< (;
1 " !&3 " < < ) ' & #$$$
" 6
# )' + "& 1;;;
6 ! ' 0 , " L0 " 1;;;

6;
8 7
' 5 < 6 A
1
# ) E
6 E

Internal Storage
3

!
!
9 * )" " : = ' 1;8$

Auxiliary Storage
) E
!
! =' " '
0
" ) E A
- '
- '
- '
-

External storage
E E <
!
E
!
A
- ' '
- '
- '
-

= ! E

7$
 ( ( / 3
. ( /

71
Track dan Sector
' '
' < < '
1$$ $$$
< '
' '

( /

! " #
! $
! " #
%& # ' ( ) " #

2 ( ' ( / 3
CD-ROM
" ' ' , / " ,/
'

' 9 : J
' 3
' ! 3
'
' '

7#
 " ,/ 3
' '
< '

" ,/ " ,/
" ,/
) !
" ,/ !

#
" ' ' , ' " , !
!
" ,/ ! '
3
'
" , " ,/
! "
' " , !
" , ' ' " (
! 2 << 0 , 9 :!
" (
) ! " (
" , 0 ! ) '
< < " , " ( )
2 ) " ( !
<
< " (
2 " ( ! <
' " (

#
" ' ' , ( " ,(
" ,/ " , '

" ,(

76
 " ,(
" ,( ' " C" 0
' " ,( /
" C" ) " ,(

" # < " '

4 ' ! " 1# '
" ' 4' ! #1 147!8? 2

< (;
1 " !&3 " < < ) ' & #$$$ " 7
# '
6 3 !. . 1;46 2)2 ?

77
 .

8 7 7

< ! !
!
9 :

3423 ( 342
#

3423 / .= %
- =
- = 9 :
' =
' !
! !
'
!

< = <
5
(
=
=
.

<

3423 / / 3< = %
/ . 9*/ 5* / :
* = *
( *
0* @
3 )

3. '

<
2 <
2
" =

78
 .

=
'

323'3 ( (
.
' .

1 9 1! P :

<
2

+ ?1 2

( "&

+ ?#

=
. '

. 9 :

7%
 .

' '

, 9' ' :

+ ?6 ,

'
<

< ( 342
<
)

/ 4 ( 342
<

. 9* :

7?