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2015-2016
1. Two cylindrical pressure vessels made of the same unidirectional lamina but with
different fiber orientations were loaded as shown in Fig. 1 and gave the following strain
readings:
Fig. 1
Cylinder A
Diameter: D = 100 mm
Thickness: h = 5 mm
Hoop wound (i.e., fibers in the circumferential direction)
Internal pressure: p = 20 MPa
Measured strains: x= 8 x 10-3, y = = 2.75 x 10-3
Cylinder B
Diameter: D = 100 mm
Thickness: h = 5 mm
Helically wound at = 45
Axial load: P = 147 kN
Measured strain: x= 7 x 10-3
Assuming v12 = 0.3, determine lamina moduli E1, E2, and G12.
2. A thin-wall tube made of a unidirectional lamina with a fiber direction to its axis is
loaded in torsion as shown in Fig. 2. Using the maximum strain theory, plot torsional
strength, Tf, versus (for 0 90) for the following material properties:
E1 =10E2, v12* = 0.25, F1t = F1c = 2F2c = 4F6 =10F2t = 1000 MPa.
Fig. 2
Note: F1t and F1c are the longitudinal tensile and compressive strengths,
F2t and F2c are the transverse tensile and compressive strengths and
F6 (F12) is the in-plane shear strength.
1
3. A laminate is balanced if it consists of pairs of layers with identical thickness and
elastic properties but having + and - orientations of their principal material axes with
respect to the laminate principal axes.
A balanced cross-ply laminate possessing mid-plane symmetry is made-up of laminae
having the following properties:
EL = 15 GPa, ET = 6 GPa, GLT = 3 GPa, LT = 0.5
The laminate is subjected to a normal axial stress of 15 MPa and a shear stress of 1.0 MPa.
(a) Calculate the normal and shear stresses in the 0o and 90o plies.
(b) Calculate the residual stresses in the cross-ply laminate that is fabricated at 125oC and
cooled to 25oC. Given L = 7.0 10-6/oC and T = 23.0 10-6/oC. How will the residual
stresses be affected by interchanging locations of 0o and 90o plies?