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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENT

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7
INTRODUCTION 9
Background and Context 9
Purpose and Scope of Evaluation 10
METHODOLOGY 12
Research Strategy 12
Evaluation Question 12
Sample 14
Data Analysis 16
Ethical Consideration 16
Study Limitation 17
LITERATURE REVIEW 18

21
MAJOR FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 21

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 60

Best Practices 64
Recommendations 65
LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
I

Quality early
childhood care
and development
is the basis of
human
development
INTRODUCTION
Background and Context
BERMAIN Project (Better Education through emphasizing Right to play for
More Attainment of early childhood Improvement in North Jakarta) is
designed to help teachers and parents understand and implement the
concept of play and advocate with government and other key
stakeholders to encourage developmentally appropriate practices that
promote play as a way of learning for young children. The project
targets children age 3-5 years-old in 23 ECCD centres in North Jakarta.
Save the Children Indonesia desires to explore possibilities of holistic
integrated ECCD program that incorporates component of learning,
health-nutrition and protection. Therefore, Save the Children intends to
conduct a nutrition situation assessment to have a better understanding
of situation of young children in the targeted areas. The nutrition
assessment will inform an integrated education-nutrition set of
interventions in the targeted ECCD centers and surrounding
communities, while also provide information on the potential
development of child wellbeing assessment tools.
METHODOLOGY
Research Strategy

he use mix methodologies, which are quantitative cross sectional study

and qualitative methodology as its study design. Quantitative cross sectional

study for obtaining prevalence of nutrition outcomes (e.g under/malnutrition,
micronutrient deficiencies and nutrition-related illnesses), child wellbeing
indicators and other features in the population at a single point in time as well
as comparing association of outcomes across different groups (e.g gender,
socio-economic status etc).

The quantitative method include survey at household and individual level. The
survey divided into two;

1. Household/parenting data questionnaires; possible variables include

occupation, education, household income, housing condition, basic
infrastructure, household dietary pattern and intake.
2. Individual/children data questionnaire; possible variables include
anthropometric measurement, type of weaning foods, breastfeeding
practice, vaccination history, birth-weight, vitamin A supplementation, and
other child wellbeing measures

Qualitative methodology will be employed to further explore barriers to

access nutrition and health services among the poor and vulnerable children
and identify major gaps in and problems with existing centered based nutrition
and health services and other issues that need further investigation as well as
existing policies and laws relevant with integrated ECCD intervention in the
study location. Qualitative methodology will enable investigators to explore
knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, perception of parents and teachers about child
wellbeing and nutrition. In addition, it may also permit assessment of
psychosocial factors, providing insight into the cultural and social
circumstances influencing childrens wellbeing and nutrition. The qualitative
methodology consist of Key Informant Interview with selected teachers,
community leaders and government representatives from Puskesmas or local
health office and local education office. This method will be used to collect
information about ECCD and Posyandu participation (coverage, enrollment,
absenteeism, repetition and drop-out rates) and identify the major cause of
absence from these centers as well as major gaps and problems in the existing
centered based nutrition and health services. In addition, it will also be used
to investigate barriers to access health and nutrition services especially among
the poor and vulnerable children. And furthermore, interview with community
leaders and government representatives will be conducted to identify and
discuss laws and policies regarding integrated ECCD intervention in the area.

The Focus Group Discussion in selected centers, with the children, where they
will explore their thinking, understanding and perception of well-being. The
interview and FGD also play roles as triangulation process on the data
collection. Recordings and notes will be taken during the interview and focus
group discussion and transcripts will be produced on the basis of these. The
transcripts will be used to produce grids for analysis and report writing. These
findings will be analyzed to bring out prevailing opinions, attitudes, behavior
and practices to support the findings from the quantitative phase.

The study also undergo a systematic desk review/secondary data collection

of existing national and regional literatures and available information relevant
to child wellbeing and nutrition will be conducted to provide general overview
of health and nutrition status of children in North Jakarta. Demographic data
will be obtained from reliable sources (Sub-District office and Puskesmas),
which will give description of population characteristic and demographic
trends. Available health data (such as Crude Mortality Rate, Infant Mortality
Rate, Under-5 Mortality Rate, Mortality by Cause, Prevalence of Micronutrient
Deficiency, Number of Posyandu and Cadres etc) will be obtained from local
health offices and Puskesmas and from reports or publications of Indonesia
Ministry of Health, WHO, UNICEF and The World Bank. This information will help
the investigators to comprehend major health problems, challenges and
needs particularly among children in the study area.
Sample
Averagely, there are around 20 children in each ECCD center.
Therefore, it is estimated that there will be 460 children (20x23 ECCD
centers) participate in the study. The criteria of sample for children are:
1. Born between 1 July 2011 and 1 July 2013, therefor the child will be 4
to 6 years old by the time of data collection.

2. Participate actively in the center.

3. Have not participated in IDELA study.

Meanwhile the criteria for household/parenting survey is the main

caregiver of the child. It is expected 460 of parents participate in the
study.

Table 2: Sample Distribution

 Up Date Data
Schedule Data
NO ECCD Center Sub District Village
Collection
Total B G

1 PAUD CERIA 03 Cilincing Cilincing Cilincing 30 14 16 28-Jul-17

2 PAUD MERAH PUTIH Cilincing Cilincing 25 11 14 28-Jul-17

3 PAUD Barokah Al Hidayah Cilincing Cilincing 28-Jul-17
4 BKB PAUD Anggrek Sukapura 06 Cilincing Sukapura 27 10 17 27-Jul-17

5 TK Mawar II Sukapura Cilincing Sukapura 75 37 38 27-Jul-17

KB Alhusna
6 Cilincing Sukapura 69 33 36 27-Jul-17
7 PAUD Tunas Indonesia Cilincing Marunda 87 49 87 1-Aug-17
8 KB Haniya Cilincing Marunda 47 19 28 1-Aug-17
9 TKN ROROTAN Cilincing Rorotan 82 49 33 26-Jul-17
10 BKB Anggrek 05 Rorotan Cilincing Rorotan 23 10 13 26-Jul-17

11 PAUD Melati 04 Pademangan Pademangan Tmur 70 30 40 3-Aug-17

12 TK AN-NAJMUL ILMU Pademangan Pademangan Barat 78 31 47 3-Aug-17

13 KB HIKMATUL BAROKAH Pademangan Ancol 22 5 17 3-Aug-17

14 PAUD Pelangi_Penjaringan Penjaringan Penjaringan 43 17 26 4-Aug-17

15 TK DAARUL GUFRON Penjaringan Penjaringan 56 27 29 4-Aug-17

16 PAUD Teratai_Koja Koja Rawa badak Utara 73 44 29 25-Jul-17

17 PAUD JIC_Koja Koja Koja 53 30 23 25-Jul-17

18 TK AL HIDAYAH Koja Tugu Utara 26 10 16 25-Jul-17

19 PAUD PUSPA CINDRA KANA Tanjung Priok Sunter Jaya 36 21 15 2-Aug-17

20 TKN SUNTER AGUNG Tanjung Priok Sunter Agung 56 26 30 2-Aug-17

21 KB BUNNAYA Tanjung priok Sungai Bambu 74 38 36 31-Jul-17

Kelapa Gading
22 BKB PRIBADI CERDAS Kelapa Gading Barat 26 11 15 31-Jul-17
23 TK ISLAM ARUNDINA Kelapa Gading Pegangsaan Dua 76 31 45 31-Jul-17
Data Analysis
A descriptive statistic was performed to describe the socio-demographic
characteristic of both, intervention and comparison group. This includes the
central tendency and variability of their characteristic. A series of regression
models was used to assess the association between participation in
participation in ECCD and participation in parenting class with the different
outcome of interests on the children and parents/caregivers (KAP, parenting
self-efficacy). The strength of association between program participation and
the outcomes will be measured using an odds ratio. The Chi-square test was
used to look at the difference in outcomes between target and comparison
groups. All these statistical analyses will be performed using SPSS software15.0
(SPSS Inc Chicago) with p-values less than 0.05 will be considered significant.
The qualitative data were analyzed qualitatively according to research
questions. Our qualitative analysis includes thematic framing-systematically
reviewed and sorted data according to the research questions, triangulation,
and indicators rating. Theme and issues were identified during the review and
the thematic framework were developed to incorporate the issues
accordingly. Review of literature was conducted as part of our qualitative
analysis to identify association, and explanation for the qualitative data or the
observed phenomena.
Ethical Considerations Conducting Research with Young Children
We recognize childrens rights in the research process. Therefore, to assure the
study is conducted in an ethical manner, an informed consent was obtained
from the parents or the childs caretakers participating in the study. Since
children were involved in this study as the main study participant, their assent
was obtained in addition to their parent or caretakers consent. An assent form
was prepared based on the childs comprehension. The enumerators
explained anything about the study and children was given the opportunity
to ask questions. This procedure gives children the opportunity to decide or
decline their participation if they are not interested. Referral to the closest
health center will be made shall we find children who show signs or symptoms
that require immediate clinical attention during the survey. Additionally, set
clear procedures to follow if a child says anything that indicates, they or
another child may be at risk of harm. We established confidentiality policy that
clearly sets out the circumstances when we can or should break the
confidentiality and seek further support when necessary.
Study Limitation
We acknowledge few limitation in this evaluation study. Prior identification of
limitations has helped us in establishing the preventive measures to address
and minimize the limitations. The expected limitation in this study include:
1. Small sample size
The sample size in the quantitative study is relative smaller than our previous
sample size calculation, which is due to budgetary and time restrain. Although
the small sample size may affect the generalizability of finding and reduce the
internal validity, our final sample size is the best possible compromise between
the ideal sample size to be statistically representative and the realistic size
based on the given resources in term of money and time. In addition, we also
ponder the focus and aim of this evaluation study, which is not meant to
quantify general performance within a population but merely to document
the existence of program effects on its beneficiaries.
2. Social desirability bias
There might be a tendency for the respondent to provide answers that are
perceived to be socially favorable. To minimize this bias, we will applied
several strategies in conducting the interview, for example by phrasing the
question to indicate that it is acceptable to give answer in a way that is not
socially desirable, or indirect questioning. These strategies allows us to obtain
the most honest and representative answers.
3. Non-response
Although we assume that the potential for this limitation to occur is minimum,
we have decided to establish several strategies to prevent and minimize the
non-response. Our strategies include adding 10% of total samples to our final
sample size and providing non-monetary/non-food item incentive to increase
and retain participation of the respondents in this study.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Healthy Food for children in 3-5 age
I
n order to fulfill the nutritional needs of children, the parent should provide
foods that contain the nutritional needs and can support the growth of the
children. The dish should served vary with protein by animals and vegetables
(Markum, 2002)1. A healthy and nutritious food is should balanced consisting
of: (Santoso, 2004)2
1. carbohydrates for example rice , bread , corn , sweet , cassava , flour ,
sugar,etc.
2. Animal protein for exemple fish , eggs , chicken , meat , milk ,
shrimp,etc.
3. Vegetable protein for exemple vegetables and fruits especially that
colored green and yellow.

1 A.H Markum, 2002. Imunisasi, Edisi Ketiga, Fakultas Kedokteran UI Press,

Jakarta

2Santoso, S, dkk, 2004.Kesehatan dan Gizi. Cetakan kedua. Jakarta: PT. Asdi
Mahasatya
The needs of protein as a builders for body also determines childrens growth.
Protein also has a role in the forming of body maintenance, the hormon
forming , enzime and antibodies.

The Effect of Unhealthy Food or Snack for Children

Food snacks according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) are
foods and beverages prepared and sold by street vendors on the streets and
in other public places that are eaten or consumed without further processing
or preparation. The term food snacks not far from the term junk food, fast food,
and street food because the term is part of the term jajanan food (Aprillia,
2011).3
When the children was in the school , a lot of snacks can be found yet not all
snack products in school are clean and healthy. The serving of snacks are not
clean probably making the food products will be contaminated . There are
the contaminate of microbia patogen and chemicals ingredients in snack at
the school will cause problem with children health. Health problem symptoms
are immediately known with the occurrence of digestive disorder such as
nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. While the health disosrders that is cumulative,
it will be accumulated in the body that can trigger cancer and kidney disorder
as consumed in the long term. The impact of certain foods can be affected
brain function including behavior disosrders to the students. Behavior
interference includes sleep disosrder, focus disorder, emotional disorder,

3Aprillia, B.A. 2011. Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Pemilihan Makanan

Jajanan Pada Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar.
hyperactive, and autism symptoms is getting worst. The short term of chemical
using on food can cause the general symptoms like dizzy, nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea or even digestion problem.

The Nutrition Status in Children at 3-5 age

According to Kemenkes (Kementrian Keseseharan Republik Indonesia)4
known that PSG (Monitoring Nutrition Status) in 2016 :

1. The amount of children who has the normal height and weight are
61,1% , there are still 38,9% children in indonesia having a nutrition
problem. Especially the children with height and weight ( short to
normal ) of 23,4 % potentially to be obese.
2. Prevalance of malnutrition and low nutrition on children, there are 3,4%
children with malnutrition and 14,4% with low nutrition. Nutrition problem
on children in Indonesia is a public health issue that is categorized as
medium. (The indicator from WHO known problem nutrition as big as
17,8%)
3. Prevalence of short children is high enough, there are 8,5% children in
very short condition and 19,0% short children. Short children issue in
indonesia is a public health problem that is categorized as chronic.
( According to WHO stunting problem at children as big as 27,5%).
4. Prevalance of underweight children is quite high, there are 3,1%
underweight children and 8,0% thin children. The underweight children
issue in Indonesia is a public health problem that is categorized as
chronic. ( According to WHO underweight problem at children as big
as 11,%).
The Violance at Children in 3-5 age

4 depkes.go.id
Generally, violance is for whom that weak . Children are one of the group
which is vulnerable to be violance victim. According to Baker (in Abu
Huraerah,2007)5, violance to the children is an act of injury which occur
repeatly by Physically and emotionally to the children, through the urge of
desire, uncontrol physical punishment, verbal abuse and sexual abuse , which
are generally did by the parents or the others who have to look after the
children. Richard J.Gelles6 said that child abuse is intentional acts that result in
physical or emotional harm to children. The term child abuse covers a wide
range of behavior, from actual physical assault by parents or other adult
caretakers to neglact at at a childs basic needs.
According to the official website of Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia (KPI)7
stated the violance on children always increase every year. Monitoring results
of KPAI in 2011 to 2014 , there are significant increase in 2013 but in 2014 is
reduce. Recorded in 2013 reported that the case of child abuse as big as 3.339
cases and then in 2014 are reduce to 2.750. However, prevention of child
abuse is needed in order to reduce the cases.

5 Abu Huraerah. (2007). Kekerasan Terhadap Anak. Jakarta :Penerbit Nuansa

6 Gelles, Richard J. (2004). Child Abuse and Neglect: Direct Praktice. Dalam
Encyclopedia of Social Work, 19thedition. Washington DC: National Association of
Social Workers Press
7 Kpai.go.id
North Jakarta Context
Education, health, protection in children and family
FINDINGS & DISCUSSION
Demographic Characteristic of Sample Commented [RA1]: Sekitar 5 halaman dengan profil
gender responden parent dan anak.. disability, kondisi
In this study, we have interviewed respondents from 23 ECCD Centers in North sosio ekonomi, child orphan, literacy and edukasi.
Situasi anak
Jakarta which consist of 353 children and 336 parents. As much as 336 people
or 98% of the parent respondents are female. Almost 87% of these respondents
are mother of ECCD students. Whereas male respondents from the parent
category are 8 people or only 2%, related as father, uncle and grandfather of
the ECCD students.

Sex of Respondent:
parents Sex of Respondent:
8, 2% Children

336,
98% 176,
177, 50%
50%

Sex of respondent Male

Sex of respondent Female
Child sex Male Child sex Female

The profiles of children respondents are relatively equal between male and
female students. This study has successfully interviewed 177 male and 176
female children. The findings illustrate that despite the sex of the childrens, it is
their mother who held the responsibility as main caregiver.
According to the survey, at least 99% of parent/main caregiver respondents
were literate. This study finds that the level of literacy between father and
mother is equal. Around 0,87% of the respondents had no formal schooling,
16,28% completed primary education, 26,16% completed pre-secondary
education, 39,53% completed secondary education, and about 14,83 % had
attained above secondary level education. The rest 2,3% of the respondents
had neither completed primary nor secondary education.
 Respondent's education level: parents
Higher education (college or alike) 14.83
Completed secondary education 39.53
Incomplete secondary education (SMA or 0
Completed pre-secondary education 26.16
Incomplete pre-secondary education 0.87
Completed primary education 16.28
Incomplete primary education (SD or alike) 1.45
No formal schooling 0.87

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

335 (97,38%) parents who have been assessed stated that their children are
not handicapped. Ten children were reported having disabilities; one child
was physically disabled, one child had a speech impairment and eight child
had others disabilities. However, of all the children who were reported having Commented [RA2]: Check cleaning data disabilitas
apa saja
disabilities, only two children have been diagnosed by the professionals.

97% of the children still have a father

Orphan Status and mother. Almost 3% of the
3% children are orphan. 5 children have
their mother deceased and 3
children have their father deceased.
There is no case with both of the
parents are deceased. This study
97% recognize that 17 mothers and 18
fathers have been divorced,
whereas 5 mothers and 6 fathers are
Orphan Not Orphan known to have married again.

As many as 62,5% of the parent respondents are known to live only with their
core family. A total of 37,5% have to share a house with extended family
consisting of 19,5% living with 2 families in one household, 7,8% living with 3
families in one house, and 10% living with 4 or more families.
As many as 40% of male parents work as service providers and marketeers
(40,12%). Nearly half of them work in blue-collar and white-collar jobs ranging
from being a labor (13,66%), administration staff (11,63%), engine operator
(8,43%), professional assistant (6,69%), processing and handicraft (6,10%). In
fewer numbers of male parents work as legislator or in the government as well
as professionals, respectively 3,2%, army force and police (1,1%). There are
also 7 male parents (2%) who identify themselves as unemployed as well as 1
person who identifies himself as a househusband.
While the mothers jobs are dominated by housewife that is as many as 75,58%.
8,7% work in service provider and marketing; 4,65% as labors; 4% each as
administrative and professional staffs; while 5,4% as professional experts,
assistant professional, legislator and government official, farmer, processing
and handicraft, engine operator. There are 4 mothers (1,1%) who identify
themselves as unemployed.

parents occupation
80.00 75.58
70.00
60.00
50.00 40.12
40.00
30.00
20.00 11.63 13.66
6.69 8.72 6.10 8.43
3.20 4.07 3.49 4.65
10.00 0.29 3.20
2.03 2.03 0.58 0.58 0.29 1.16
0.00 0.29 2.03
1.16
0.00

fathers occupation percentage mothers occupation percentage

Almost half of respondents from the parent category (48,8%) are Javanese,
followed by Betawi (18,6%) and Sundanese (17,4%) respondents. In addition
there are also 15,2% of various tribes from Sumatra, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara
and the others). As many as 98,5% of male and female parents are Moslem,
while Protestant Christians are 1,5%. In 4 sub-districts namely Penjaringan, Koja,
Tanjung Priok and Gading all parents are Moslems. So from 344 pairs of
parents, there are 5 partners of Protestant Christian respondents spread across
5 ECCD centers in 2 sub-districts of Cilincing and Pademangan.

Percentage Head of the Family

4.942.33
2.62

90.12

Father Mother Parents Other/Relative

This survey shows that 90% of households are led by men, while female head
of household is only 2,6%. In addition, there are almost 5% of respondents who
both parents become head of household. The remaining 2,3% of the
households are led by other than fathers and mothers such as grandparents,
uncles/ aunts and stepfather.
 Tanjung Kelapa
Household asset Total Cilincing Pademangan Penjaringan Koja Priok Gading
Has TV 98.55 99.14 100.00 94.87 100.00 96.43 100.00
Has Radio 22.67 23.28 22.45 25.64 22.64 19.64 22.58
Has Mobile phone 97.38 94.83 100.00 97.44 100.00 96.43 100.00
Has motorcycle 90.41 87.07 91.84 87.18 100.00 91.07 87.10
Has car 20.93 11.21 20.41 28.21 32.08 35.71 3.23
Has refrigerator 85.76 81.90 89.80 87.18 96.23 85.71 74.19
Has Toilet 89.53 84.48 97.96 84.62 100.00 92.86 77.42
Has own land 29.36 24.14 34.69 23.08 30.19 37.50 32.26
House has electrical connection 99.71 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 98.21 100.00
House has internal water system (piped, well) 86.05 82.76 91.84 84.62 83.02 92.86 83.87
.

Percentage of Home ownership in total

41.28
45.00
40.00
35.00
30.00 25.00
25.00
20.00 13.37
15.00 10.47
10.00 4.07 2.91 1.45 1.16 0.29
5.00
0.00

General type of the house where Permanent house 307 89.24

the family currently live: Semi-permanent house 32 9.30
Non-permanent house/makeshift house 2 0.58
Other 3 0.87
Total 344 100.00
Type of roof concrete roof 142 41.28
GI sheet 4 1.16
Asbes 186 54.07
wood or plywood 5 1.45
plastic or tarpaulin 0 0.00
canvas 1 0.29
roof tile 2 0.58
Deck/Cast 3 0.87
Other 1 0.29
Total 344 100.00

Type of wall brick 315 91.57

wood or plywood 28 8.14
Bamboo 0 0.00
Palm stalk 0 0.00
GI sheet 0 0.00
plastic or tarpaulin 0 0.00
canvas 0 0.00
Other 1 0.29
Total 344 100.00

Type of floor cement or ceramic tile 326 94.77

woods or plywood 16 4.65
earthen floor 0 0.00
Other 2 0.58
Total 344 100.00
ECCD Participation

Reason to enroll child to ECCD center in

percentage
57.85
60.00
50.00 42.15
40.00 32.56
30.00 21.22
20.00 11.92
5.52 4.65 3.78 2.91 2.33
10.00 0.58
0.00

A total of 57,8% of caregiver respondents stated the reason for putting their
child to the ECCD centers is to have their child being occupied and able to
play with the other children. Followed by reasons related to the mastery of
learning materials where 42% stated that they hope their children can learn
something, 32,5% stated that they want their children can read and write,
while 21,22% hope their children to be good at math and counting. Some
pragmatic reasons also become the basis of parents putting their children to
the ECCD center. 12% respondents want their children prepare for primary
school, 5,5% respondents stated that their children want to be enrolled in the
school, then there are 3% reasoned because the ECCD centers are close with
their house and 2,3% have reasoned that their child's age is enough to go to
school and there are less than 1% have even more pragmatic reason that they
want their children to get food. There are less than 4% of main caregivers who
expect their children to be brave and intelligent after entering the ECCD
center.
 Day Night
Primary caregiver for children Time Time
Mother 81.98 92.15
Adult Female relative 12.21 4.65
Father 1.16 2.33
Siblings 0.87 0.00
Adult Male relative 1.45 0.00
Female neighbor 0.29 0.00
Male neighbor 0.00 0.00
Other 2.03 0.87
 Parent/s participate in any parenting education sessions
in the past one month in percentage
46.15
50.00
45.00 37.74
40.00
35.00 28.57
24.71 25.86
30.00
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00 3.57 3.23
5.00
0.00

6. Did the child have buku KIA? Total

Yes 75.00
No 23.84
DK 1.16
 Mother of child have ante-natal visit during
pregnancy: in percentage
100.00 100.00
100.00
99.00 97.96
97.67
98.00
96.55 96.77
97.00 96.43

96.00
95.00
94.00

7.2. If you chose YES, how

many time did you have the
ante-natal visit? Total
One time 0.00
Two times 0.89
Three times 0.89
Four times 2.08
More than four times 96.13
8. Where did you (the mother)
give birth to your child ? Total
Hospital 50.29
Private clinic 15.12
Puskesmas 12.21
At home 4.36
Other 2.33
Midwives 15.70

Where mother give birth to child: in percentage

70.00 66.07
59.18 61.54
60.00 54.72
50.29
50.00
41.38 Hospital
40.00 32.26 Private clinic
30.00 22.41 22.64 Puskesmas
17.95 19.35
19.35
19.35
20.00 15.12 15.7017.24
14.66 14.29 12.24 At home
12.21 10.20 12.50 12.50
7.69 9.43 9.68 Other
10.00 4.36 4.31 5.13 3.77
3.77 1.79
3.57
2.04 2.56 Midwives
0.00
 Management of your babys umbilical cord: in
percentage
Cut and tied
93.88 92.31 96.23 94.64 using sterilized
100.00 91.86 87.93 90.32
instrument
80.00
Left the cord
untied
60.00

40.00 Cut and tied

using un-
20.00 6.45 sterilized
2.62 3.45 0.00 2.56 3.77 0.00 instrument
0.00 Other

Having initiation of breastfeeding within

the first hour of life: in percentage
60.00 51.28 48.39
43.90 42.24 42.86 44.64
50.00 39.62
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
Child Health Nutrition Commented [RA3]: Jelaskan objective dari study

Main caregiver states that 72,2% of children use toilet 52,7% properly (using
water and soap to clean up, flushing water in toilet, etc). While 26,9% are
considered not to use the toilet adequately. As many as 36,5% of children
have not practiced child's handwashing practices in the center or home using
soap, in critical times during the past 24 hours (after defecation, before eating,
after playing). In Kecamatan Koja, the number of children who have not
practiced hand washing well is the highest compared to the other sub-districts
of 52,7%.
The number of children practicing Child's brushing teeth practices at home
during the past 24 hours and time of brushing teeth (before sleep) are 87,25%.
For the three activities related to personal hygiene above, the percentage of
girls who practice personal hygiene activities is slightly better than boys.
Around 80% of the children cannot identify health workers within the
community he or she lived. Both boys and girls are similar.

****

The number of children who participate in daily recreational or physical

activities outside are 73%. Boys are slightly more involved in this activity than
girls (male 76,7% and female 69,5%).
As many as 88,4% of the children are able to hop up and down on either the
right or left foot at least one time without losing their balance or falling. 91% of
girls can perform this activity, slightly better more than the boys 85,8%.
94% of the children are able to throw a ball overhand in the direction of you
who is standing at least 6 feet away. To throw overhand, the child must raise
his arm to shoulder height and throw the ball forward. This profile is similar in
each sub-district, as well as boys and girls.
There are less than 6% of children who cannot jump forward a distance of 20
inches (over a piece of paper) from a standing position, starting with their feet
together.

***
In this research there are two groups of male and female at 48-60 month and
61-72 month. About 9.3% boys (n=15) are in underweight and 13.1% girls (n=21)
are in underweight. 7.5% boys (n=12) are in stunting and 11,9% girls (n=19) are
in stunting. (tabel yg 1 lagi belum di deskripsiin).
In the first 6 month, mother who gives an exclusive ASI to their child
as much as 269 mothers or 78,20%. The type of milk that mother gives
to her child when she/he below 6 months untill 2 years old are
breastmilk and Iron-fortified Infant formula. As much as 250 mothers
or 72,67% giving a breastmilk to their child and 207 mothers or 60,17%
giving a Iron-fortified Infant formula to their child. A mother
introduce their child to the solid food when child are at 6 months age
and above, there is 168 mothers or 48,84% who introduced their children
to solid foods at 6 months age and there are 115 mother or 33,43% who
introduced their children to solid food at age above 6 months.

Based on the results of research, most types of food for children is

rice. A total of 337 mothers or 97.97% gave their children a rice. A
total of 242 mothers or 70.35% gave a three meals a day for their
child. Beside that, as many as 277 mothers or 80.52% provide breakfast
every morning for their children. There are 234 mothers or 68,02% who
let the child buy a snack (Jajanan) everyday. The mothers get
Information about nutrition for children are from many source, there
are 106 respondents or 30,81% who get the information about nutrition
from Health Personnel (doctor,midwife,nure), and there are 145
respondents or 42,15% who get the information from Comunity Health
Worker.
In 198 respondents or 57,56% who didnt bring their child to the
Posyandyu, and there are 146 respondents or 42,44% who bring their
child to the Posyandyu. In 317 respondents or 92,15% the child received
complete routine vaccination when they were 6 months old and there are
306 respondets or 88,95% child received Vitamin-A supplementation up
until they are 5 years old. In the past 6 months there are 154 child
or 44,77% who received deworming.

As many as 324 respondents or 94,19% said that their childrens health

condition are in a good condition. In the last 2 months, many children
are attacked by various diseases, but the percentage of diseases that
suffered most is flu with 54,94% and cough with 46,22%. When the last
time the child was sick, as many as 184 respondent or 53,59% mothers
take their child to the nearest health facility and 102 respondents or
29,65% mothers give some medicines that are available in yhe house.
The children get diarrhea as much as 202 children or 58,72%.There are
213 respondent or 61,92% mothers let their child sleep for 10-12 hours
per day. 273 respondent or 79,36% respondents said that they are not
participate in health education session.
The source of drinking water in 255 participants household or 74,13%
from private water vendors. And the source of water for washing and
bathing in 273 participants household or 79,36% are from from private
water vendors too. In 132 participants they are save the water for
drinking or cooking in the bottles.

Kind of toilet facility in 201 participants household or 58,43% use Pipe ventilated
latrine (covered). In 322 participants or 93,60%, handling or dispose of childs
feces always use the latrine. For dispose of garbage and other waste
materials, 151 respondents or 43,90% are trown the garbage to public dumb
but there is 175 respondents or 50,87%, collected the garbage. Participant are
washing their hand for example before eating, there are 253 participants or
73,55%, washing their hand before eating. In 322 participants or 93,60%,
washing their hand with water and soap. In 310 child or 90,12% , they are brush
the teeth during taking a bath. Children usually takes a shower 2 times per
day.
The most primary caregiver for children during the day and during the night is
a mother , there are 81,98% at the day and 92,15% at the night. In the last one
month, the are 256 parents arent participated in any parenting education,
and there are 85 parents are joined in parenting education. A lot of mothers
have a KIA book, as much as 336 of mothers or 97,67% did the ante-natal visit
during pregnancy. There are 173 of mothers or 50,29% giving a birth in hospital.
The Children that use the toilet properly (using water and soap to clean up,
flushing water in toilet, etc), 72,24% from 255 children were use the toilet
properly, 26,91% from 95 children werent use the toilet properly and the rest
from 3 children with 0,85% have no response.
The practice of children that wash their hands in critical times during the past
24 hours (after defecation, before eating, after playing), 60,06% children from
212 were wash their hands after the activity, 36,54% from 129 children werent
wash their hands after the activity, and 12 children with 3,04% have no
response.
The Children that brush their teeth at home during the past 24 hours and time
of brushing teeth (before sleep), 87,25% from 308 children were brush their
teeth before sleep, 10,20% from 36 children werent brush their teeth before
sleep, and the rest from 9 children with the percentage of 2.55% have no
response.
The Children that participate in daily recreational/physical activities outside.
There are 258 children with 73,09% were participate in daily
recreational/physical activities outside. There are 84 children with 23,80%
werent participate in daily recreational/physical activities outside and 11
children with 3,12% have no response.
The Children that can identify health worker within the community they lived,
there are 280 children with 79,32% that cannot identify the health worker. From
69 children with 19,55% that can identify the health worker, and 4 children with
1,13% have no response.

Child Protection
There are 323 children with 91,50% that do not understand what is children
rights while 14 children with 3,97% were understand what it is and the rest are
16 children with the 4,53% have no response.
In case of earthquake, There are 293 children with 83% that do not understand
what to do to make them safe but 29 children with 8,22% were understand
what to do it is happend and the rest are 31 children with the 8,78% have no
response.
In case of flood, There are 266 children with 75,35% that do not understand
what to do to make them safe but 59 children with 16,71% were understand
what to do it is happend and the rest are 28 children with the 7,93% have no
response.
In case of fire, There are 250 children with 70,82% that do not understand what
to do to make them safe but 79 children with 22,38% were understand what
to do it is happend and the rest are 24 children with the 6,80% have no
response.
There are 237 children with 67,14% werent understand which part of their
body that they can and can not show and touch by people except their
parent. But at 94 children with 26,63% are understand which part of their body
that they can and can not show and touch by people except their parent the
rest are 24 children with the 6,23% have no response.
There are 157 children with 44,48% that stated what will they do when there is
an adult mistreated them but there are 160 children with 45,33% that they
have no idea what to do and 36 children with 10,20% have no response.

There are 337 child or 97,97% childs birth was registered. As many as
179 participant know any of laws in Indonesia about child care and
safety, and the rest of participants are 165 person are not know about
the children law. When the child was misbehaved, 185 partticipants or
53,78% participants are scold the child as a diciplinary method. In
295 or 85,76% participants are not believe that the physical punishment
(hitting, beating, pinching, and spanking) is an effective means to
bring up the child properly.
Based on the results of research, many children help the parents
homework such as washing, cleaning, cooking and etc. When the child
get experiencing abuse , 227 participants are choose to confront the
perpetrator whe they see their child get an experiencing abuse at home
or at school or any place, 90 participants are choose to comfort the
child when their child get experiencing abuse, so they will safe.
Parent have main concern with child behaviour. There are 83 child have
agrassive behavior, there are 20 child who have attention problem.

There are 137 children or 39,83% who show frustation (crying,angry,

yelling and agressive behavior). Participants response if their child
is showing frustration they will talk to the child and comfort the
child. Sometimes, child will hit the participants when they are
frustated, and when the child is hitting participants, the participant
will try to talk to the child so they will calm.
The participants said that their child have so many friend but their
child are often involved in any fight with their friends. Participants
child was reported that they became a target of bullying by their
friend. Beside of that, child always shows their love to the parent
like kissing the parent, cuddling, saying I Love Youand so do the
parent who shows their love to their child. Beside that, parent are
introduce their child about faith and spirituality. Parent are teach
their child how to prays and buying a religious book.

Child Development and education

Sekitar 3/4 child prays before and after activities based on her religion and
belief and initiate respects to others. Profil ini hampir serupa di masing-masing
kecamatan. Anak perempuan yang melakukan aktivitas ini sedikit lebih
banyak dibandingkan anak laki-laki (anak perempuan 74%, anak laki-laki
70%)
Sebanyak 87% Child shows politeness, honesty, fairness, helpfullnes when
playing with her friends. Di Kecamatan Koja jumlah anak yang tidak
menunjukkan sikap politeness, honesty, fairness, helpfullnes when playing with
her friends jumlahnya terbesar yakni 16,4%, sedangkan di kecamatan lain
hanya berkisar 6,2%-10%. Anak perempuan dinilai lebih dapat menunjukkan
politeness, honesty, fairness, helpfullnes when playing with her friends yakni
sebanyak 90,4%, sedikit lebih banyak dibandingkan anak laki-laki (87%).
Sebanyak 71% Child shows respect to others with different religions than
her/him, sedangkan sekitar 1/4 anak dinilai sebaliknya. Kecamatan Koja
memiliki 40% anak yang belum menunjukkan respect to others with different
religions than her/him. Anak laki-laki yang shows respect to others with
different religions than her/him jumlahnya sedikit lebih banyak dibandingkan
anak perempuan.

The Children that pray before and after activities based on her religion and
belief and initiate respects to others, there are 255 children with 72,24% were
pray before and after activities. 89 children with 25,21% werent prays before
and after activities, and 9 children with 2,55% have no response.
The Children that show politeness, honesty, fairness, helpfullnes when playing
with her friends, thre are 313 with 88,67% that can shows politeness, honesty,
fairness, helpfullnes when playing with her friends, 34 children with 9,63% that
cannot shows politeness, honesty, fairness, helpfullnes when playing with her
friends. And 6 children with 1,70% have no response.
The Children that show respect to others with different religions than them,
there are 251 children with 71,10% were show respect to others with different
religions, 91 children with 25,78% werent show respect to others with different
religions. And 11 children with 3,12 % have no response.
The Children that can jump up and down with the right or left foot, there are
312 children with 88,38% that can jump up and down with the right or left foot,
other than that 31 children with 8,78% that cannot jump and 10 children with
10% have no response
There are 331 children with 93,77% that can throw a ball precisely, 4,53% from
16 children that cannot throw a ball precisely and the rest from 6 children with
1,70% have no response
There are 322 children with 91,22% that can jump forward a distance of 20
inches, 20 children with 5,67% that cannot jump jump forward a distance of 20
inches and 11 children with 3,12% have no response.
There are 278 children with 78,75% that can coloring the circle, 72 children with
20,40% that cannot do that, and 3 child with 0,85% have no response.
There are 256 children with 72,52% were able to cut the paper, 92 children with
26,06% werent able to cut the paper, and 5 children with 1,42% have no
response
There are 223 children with 63,17% that can properly fold the paper, 125
children with 35,41% that cannot fold the paper properly and 5 children with
1,42% have no response.
There are 308 children with 87,25% can choose which is the smallest circle, then
40 children 11,33 % cannot choose which is the smallest, and the rest from 5
children with 1,42% have no response.
There are 205 with 58,7% that can count the number, from 139 children that
cannot count the number were 38,38%%, and the rest from 9 children with
2,55% have no response.
There are 253 children with 71,67% that can describe a color. From 93 children
that cannot describe a color were 26,35% and the rest from 7 children with
1,98% have no response .
There are 269 children with 76,20% that can organize the photo to the other
photo. from 76 children with 21,53% that cannot organize the photo and 8
children with 2,27% have no response.
There are 221children with 62,62% that cannot follow the instruction by seeing
photo, from 127 children with 35,98% can follow the instruction and the rest 5
children with 1,42% have no response.
There are 188 children with 53,26% weret able to sum up an object, 44,19%
from 156 children were able to sum up an object and the rest from 9 children
with 2,55% have no response.
There are 225 children with 63,74% weret able to write their own name, while
on 120 children with 33,99% were able to write it, and the rest from 8 children
with 2,27% have no response.
There are 185 children with 52,41% that able to open a book on the right
position, from 159 children that cannot open the book properly were 45,04%
and the rest from 9 children with 2,55% have no response.
There are 206 children with 58,36% that cannot name of animals they have
seen, there are 131 children with 37,11% that can name of animals they have
seen, and the rest from 16 children with 4,53% have no response.
There are 237 children with 67,14% weret able to mentioning the alphabet,
while on 99 children with 28,05% were able to mentioning the alphabet and
the rest from 17 children with 4,82% have no response.
There are 295 children with 83,57% weret able to explain of a right word, only
41 children with 11,61% were able to explain of a right word and the rest from
17 children with 4,82% have no response.
There are 308 children with 87,25% that can to guess on the thief of the cats
hat game . from 33 children with 9,35% were wrong to guess and 12 children
with 3,40% have no response.
There are 195 children with 55,24% that can to guess where the mouse was
caught . from 140 children with 39,66% were wrong to guess and 18 children
with 5,10% have no response.
There are 170 children with 48,16% that can to explain why the cat did not eat
the mouse while there are 166 children with 47,03% that cannot to explain and
17 children with 4,82% have no response.
There are 216 children with 61,19% that able to describe about themself, from
126 children that werent able to describe themself were 35,69% and the rest
from 11 children with 3,12% have no response.
There are 325 children with 92,07% that stated that they have a best friend
while there are 17 children with 4,82% that they do not have best friend and
11 children with 3,12% have no response.
There are 281 children with 79,60% that stated that they will lend their toy even
if there is only one to others while there are 63 children with 17,85% that they
wont to lend their toy and 9 children with 2,55% have no response.
There are 213 children with 60,34% were able to imagine something that can
make them sad, while 120 children with 33,99% werent able to imagine
something that can make them sad and the rest from 20 children with 5,67%
have no response.
There are 185 children with 52,41% were able to explain what they have to do
to make them feel better when theyre sad while 128 children with 36,26%
were cannot to explain and the rest from 40 children with 11,33% have no
response.
There are 278 children with 78,75% were able to explain a thing that can make
them happy but 45 children with 12,75% stated that they cannot to explain
and the rest from 30 children with 8,50% have no response.
There are 173 children with 49,01 % were able to draw something that they
like while 162 children with 45,89% werent able to draw it and the rest from 18
children with 5,10% have no response.
There are 243 children with 68,84% that like imaginary play while there are 97
children with 27,48% that do not like imaginary play and 13 children with 3,68%
have no response.
There are 250 children with 70,82% that love to sing and they can sing properly
while 90 children with 25,50% they are not like to sing and the rest are 13
children with the 3,68% have no response.
There are 320 children with 90,65% have some toys at home while 18 children
with 5,10% do not have a toy at home the rest are 15 children with the 4,25%
have no response.

Supply Side
Data from the center (teacher), puskesmas, social worker
CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS