UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS

SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

EET301 POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING

LABORATORY MODULE 1
INTRODUCTION TO SUBSTATION

Name: ___________________________________________________

Matrix No: ________________________________________________

Programme: _______________________________________________

Group: ___________________________________________________
EET 301 Power System Engineering Laboratory Module 1

EXPERIMENT 1

INTRODUCTION TO SUBSTATION

OBJECTIVE

To understand the function of substation

To understand the purpose of all equipments of the substation

INTRODUCTION

Electrical substation for distribution system is the main supply to convert the
high voltage (HV) to low voltage (LV) and the place where load are distributed to the
consumers. In Malaysia, Tenaga Nasional Berhad Distribution (TNBD) used the
33/0.433kV, 22/0.433kV, 11/0.433kV and 6.6/0.433kV voltage system for the electrical
system to supply for domestic consumer and industrial consumer such as factory which
will supplied directly from Transmission Main Intakes (PMU), Main Distribution Sub
station (PPU) or Main Switch Sub station (SSU).
Electrical substation is the place where all electrical equipments such as high
voltage switching, three phase transformer, high voltage cables, low voltage cables, low
voltage feeder pillar, battery charging and etc which are used for electrical supplying in
power system and to make sure the safety of the system by the protection scheme.
Basically, electrical system have one or several incoming and outgoing circuit
which are controlled by high voltage switching and meet in one or more in the same of
busbar system.
Generally, electrical substation is a point in distribution system where:
A place where several electrical equipments are installed and used for electrical
energy in power system.
A place where the safety of the system is provides by automatically protection
scheme.
A place where one or several incoming and outgoing circuit are met at one or
more busbar system and controlled by high voltage switching equipment which is
used for switching.
A place where voltage value is changed and controlled.
A place where load are distributed, controlled and protected

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School of Electrical Systems Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
EET 301 Power System Engineering Laboratory Module 1

FUNCTIONS OF A SUBSTATION

o Supply of required electrical power.

o Maximum possible coverage of the supply network.
o Maximum security of supply.
o Shortest possible fault-duration.
o Optimum efficiency of plants and the network.
o Supply of electrical power within targeted frequency limits, (49.5 Hz and 50.5
Hz).
o Supply of electrical power within specified voltage limits.
o Supply of electrical energy to the consumers at the lowest cost.

BASIC CHARACTERISTIC OF SUBSTATION

1. Switch gear / circuit breaker

Switch gear is equipment that used for switching operation in substation. The
components in switch gear are fuse, busbar, and circuit breaker which are use to
trip the electricity supply when any fault occur in the system or when to do the
maintenance work. There are 2 types of switch which is SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride)
and oil insulation.
2. Transformer
Transformer is the most important equipment in substation which is use to
convert voltage from high voltage (HV) to low voltage (LV) for consumer. The
insulation medium used for transformer is oil insulation.
3. Low voltage feeder pillar
Low voltage feeder pillar is used to distribute electric energy from transformer to
consumer.
4. Cable
Cable is the one of the important things in distribution system. Cables are used
to carry electric energy for high voltage system and low voltage system in
distribution system. In substation, 3 core cable is used for high voltage at HV side
of transformer and for LV side of transformer, 4 core cable is used which is for
red phase, blue phase, yellow phase and neutral.
5. Earthing
Earthing is important to flow the over voltage or unused voltage to ground.

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School of Electrical Systems Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
EET 301 Power System Engineering Laboratory Module 1

SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION (SCADA)

SCADA is the system which used to control the operation of the substation and to send
rapidly all the data of any operation happened at the substation to control center.
The SCADA system accepts data from the substation and displays it in a meaningful way
to the control engineers or operators, usually by a one line mimic diagram on a color
video screen. With powerful computer processing, the SCADA feeds into an Alarm
Management subsystem to supplement automatic relay operation and to give warning
about any system abnormality that is not able to be detected locally.

11kV MODULAR POWER PLANT LAB

11kV Modular Power Plant lab is designed based on real power plant as a teaching lab
for student. This lab is completed with all the equipments that have at the substations.

ASSIGNMENT AND QUESTION

1. Write a report not exceeding 5 pages including front page about 11 kV Modular
Power Plant lab. The report stated must be based on the information given
during the lab session. Your report must be containing all the functions and
maintenance of all equipments, the system of operation of the 11 kV, protection
and the single line diagram/block diagram of 11 kV Modular Power Plant.

2. Your report must follow the format given:

Front page / cover
Introduction
Operation system of 11 kV modular power plant
Single line diagram/block diagram
Functions and maintenance of all equipments
Safety
Discussion and conclusion

3. Use font Times New Roman size 12 with 1.5 spacing.

4. Submit your report on next week.

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School of Electrical Systems Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)