Q NO. 13.

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Direct speech:-Direct speech is the conversation between two persons about each
other.
E.g.:-Vani said to Rani I am going to college now?
Indirect speech: - Indirect speech is the conversation between two persons about third
person. This is also called reported speech.
E.g.:-Vani told Rani that she was going to college then.

Rules for changing direct speech (D.S) in to Indirect speech (I.D.S):-

While changing a sentence from D.S in to I.D.S certain rules have to be followed
as follows.
1. Quotation marks must be removed.
2. There are four types of sentences in reported part so the conjunctions should
be used as follow:-
S.No Sentences Direct Indirect speech conjunctions
speech
1 Assertive sentence said said that
said to told
2 Interrogative sentence said Asked if/whether
(helping verbs + w.h ) said to questioned wh words
said to enquired
3 Imperative sentence said Requested positive(to)/
(positive +negative) said to ordered negative(not
commanded to)
instructed
warned
suggested
4 Exclamatory sentence said Exclaimed that
said to

3.Change of tense:-
Direct speech Indirect speech
1. Simple present simple past
Am, is, are, have, has was, were, had
2. Present continuous past continuous
3. Present perfect past perfect
4. Present perfect continuous past perfect continuous
5. Simple past (ate V2) past perfect (had eaten V3)
4.Change of model verbs:-
D.S I.D.S D.S I.D.S
Shall should will would
Should should would would
Can could may might
Could could might might
Must had to
5. Change of pronouns:- Pronouns and possessive adjectives in first person, and
second person should be into third person. Observe the
following table

s.no Person Singular Plural

1.speaker I(sub) he,she
(obj) him/her
my (sub) his/her
my self himself/herself
me him/her
2.listener you(sub) he/she they
you(obj) him/her them
your him/her their
3.we they
us them
our their
our selves them selves

6.Change of (adverbs) nearness to distance (or) time and place indicators

Direct Speech Indirect speech
this that
these those
now then
here there
today that day
yesterday the previous day
tomorrow the next day, the following day
last night the previous night
tonight that night
thus so

MODEL-I
ASSERTIVE SENTENCE (D.S to I.D.S)
1. He said I am busy today (D.S)
He said that he was busy that day. (I.D.S)
2. Raju said to rani I will come to your house tomorrow. (D.S)
Raju told rani that he would come to her house the next day. (I.D.S)
3. My uncle said I take the idlies this morning. (D.S)
My uncle said that he took idlies. (I.D.S)
4. Sita said to her husband I like sweets. (D.S)
Sita told her husband that she liked sweets. (I.D.S)
5. My grandfather said I drank coffee. (D.S)
My grandfather said that he had drunk coffee. (I.D.S)
6. A wife said to her husband I have seen this film twice. (D.S)
 A wife told her husband she had seen that film twice. (I.D.S)
7. The porter said that The train will be late by tomorrow. (D.S)
The porter said that the train would be late by the next day. (I.D.S)

MODEL -2
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
a) YES OR NO TYPE QUESTIONS:-

1. The girl asked him, Can you sing with me? (D.S)
The girl asked him if he could sing with her. (I.D.S)
2. The teacher asked the students, Are you all going to the picnic? (D.S)
The teacher asked the students if they were all going to the picnic. (I.D.S)
3. She said to me, Do you like music? (D.S)
She asked me if I liked music. (I.D.S)
4. The teacher said the boys, Hence you finished your work? (D.S)
The teacher asked the boys if they had finished their work. (I.D.S)
5. He asked me, Do you know English? (D.S)
He asked me if I knew English. (I.D.S)
6. The stranger said to me, Can you tell me the way to railway station?(D.S)
The stranger asked me if I could tell the way to railway station. (I.D.S)
7. John said to Ram, Will you play chess with me? (D.S)
John asked Ram if he would play with him. (I.D.S)

b). WH QUESTIONS:-
1. She said to me, Where can we buy samosas?
She asked me where they could buy samosas.
2. Latha said, when are you going to college?
Latha asked when they were going to college.
3. She said to them, What should we do now?
She asked them what they should do then.

NOTE:- When Do, does and did are used as auxiliary verbs in direct speech, they are
omitted in indirect speech.
Eg:-1. He asked me, Where does your father live?
He asked me where my lived.
2. He said to me, how many brothers do you have?
He asked me how many brothers you had.
3. The doctor said to the patient, What did you eat yesterday?
 The doctor asked the patient what he had eaten the previous day.

NOTE:-If the direct speech begins with who, what or which followed by a form of be as
the main verb, the verb is placed at the end of the sentence.
Eg:- 1.He said to her, Who is your English teacher?
He asked her who her English teacher was.
2. She said to me, what is your name?
She asked me what my name was.

MODEL 3
IMPERATIVE SENTENCES

Eg:-1.She said to me, Please shut the door

She requested me to shut the door.
2. The lecturer said to the students, Use the Oxford dictionary.
The lecturer advised the students to use the Oxford dictionary.
3. The teacher said, Keep your clothes clean.
The teacher advised to keep your clothes clean.
MODEL 4
EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES
.
Eg:- He said, How beautiful picture it is! (D.S)
He said that it was very beautiful picture. (I.D.S)
He said, How nice it is!
He said that it was very nice.
EXERCISES
1. Rama said, I am going to kadapa.
2. Gopal said to me, where are you going?
3.He said to her, I hate you.
4. She said to me, please open the door.
5. They said, We will help you.
6. He said to me, Do you play chess?
7. He said to her, Who is your English teacher?
8. He asked me, Where does your father live?
9. He said to me, Do you love my sister?
10 Teacher asked Mohan why are you late?
11.He said, I saw your purse here on the table yesterday.
12.Sreenu said to Ramu, I will come here tomorrow.:
13.His sister said to him, I have never seen a tiger.
14.The girl asked him, can you sing with me?
15.She said to me, Do you like music?
16.He said Praveen is going to learn programming.
17.My father said to me You have done your work well.
 18.Mohan said I want to become a doctor.
19.He said I have read books .
20.He said The earth moves round the sun.
21.The traveler said Can you tell me the way to the railway station?

KEY

1. Rama said that he was going to Kadapa

2. Gopal asked me where I was going.
3. He told her that he hated her.
4. She requested me to open the door.
5. They said that they would help me.
6. He asked me if I played chess.
7. He asked her who her English teacher was.
8. He asked me where my father lived.
9. He asked me if I loved his sister.
10. Teacher asked Mohan why he was late.
11. He said that he had seen my purse there on the table the previous day.
12. Sreenu told Ramu that he would come there the next day.
13. His sister told him that he had never seen a tiger.
14. The girl asked him if he could sing with her.
15. She asked me if I liked music.
16. He said that Praveen was going to learn programming.
17. My father told me that I had done my home work well.
18. Mohan said that he wanted to become a doctor.
19. He said that he had read books.
20. He said that the earth moves round the sun
21. The traveler asked me if I could tell him the way to the railway station.