2 sin sin sin Ax + Bx + C = 0 2 2 sin A + cos A = 1 Arithmetic Progression: = = Roots: 1 + tan2 A = sec 2 A sin sin sin d = a 2 a1 = a 3 a 2 s 2 4AC B B 1 + cot 2 A = csc 2 A Cosine Law for sides: x= a n = a1 + (n 1)d cos = cos cos + sin sin cos 2A Sum & Diff of Angles Identities: a n = a x + (n x)d Cosine Law for angles: Sum of Roots: n sin (A B) = sin A cos B cos A sin B cos = cos cos + sin sin cos B Sn = (a1 + a n ) x1 + x2 = 2 cos (A B) = cos A cos B sin A sin B Spherical Polygon: A Harmonic Progression: tan A tan B R2 E E = spherical excess Product of Roots: - reciprocal of arithmetic tan (A B) = C 1 tan A tan B AB = E = (A+B+C+D) (n-2)180 progression 180 x1 x2 = + Double Angle Identities: A Geometric Progression: Spherical Pyramid: 1 minute of arc = r = a 2 /a1 = a 3 /a2 sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A 1 R3 E 1 nautical mile Binomial Theorem cos 2A = cos 2 A sin2 A V = AB H = 1 nautical mile = a n = a1 r n1 3 540 6080 feet Form: a n = a x r nx cos 2A = 2 cos 2 A 1 1 statute mile = (x + y)n cos 2A = 1 2 sin2 A 5280 feet 1 rn n-sided Polygon rth term: Sn = a1 2 tan A # of diagonals: 1 knot = r th = nCm x nm y m 1r tan 2A = n Interior Angle, : 1 nautical mile a1 1 tan2 A d = (n 3) (n 2)180 per hour where: m=r-1 S = 2 = 1r n Deflection Angle, : Area = n ATRIANGLE Worded Problems Tips Triangle Common Quadrilateral = 180 1 Age Problems 1 Square: Rectangle: Area = n R2 sin A = bh Central Angle, : 2 underline specific time conditions A = s2 A = bh 2 360 1 Motion Problems P = 4s P = 2a + 2b = Area = n ah 1 n 2 a =0 A = ab sin C d = 2s d = b 2 + h2 2 s = vt Parallelogram: 1 sin B sin C Polygon Names A = a2 A = bh 16 - hexadecagon Work Problems 3 - triangle 2 sin A A = ab sin 17 - septadecagon Case 1: Unequal rate 4 - quad/tetragon 18 - octadecagon work A = s(s a)(s b)(s c) 1 5 - pentagon A = d1 d2 sin 19 - nonadecagon rate = 2 6 - hexagon/sexagon 20 - icosagon time a+b+c 7 - septagon/heptagon 21 - unicosagon Case 2: Equal rate s= Rhombus: 8 - octagon 22 - do-icosagon usually in project management 2 A = ah 9 - nonagon 30 - tricontagon express given to man-days or man-hours A = a2 sin 10 - decagon 31 - untricontagon Trapezoid 1 11 - undecagon/ 40 - tetradecagon Clock Problems A = d1 d2 monodecagon 50 - quincontagon 11M 60H 1 2 12 - dodecagon/ 60 - hexacontagon + if M is ahead of H = - if M is behind of H A = (a + b)h bidecagon 100 - hectogon 2 2 Ellipse 13 - tridecagon 1,000 - chilliagon A1 n ma2 + nb 2 14 - quadridecagon 10,000 - myriagon a2 + b2 Ex-circle- 1 1 1 1 = ;w = A = ab C = 2 15 - quindecagon/ 1,000,000 - megagon A2 m m+n 2 pentadecagon - aperio (circle) = + + In-circle 1 2 3 Triangle-Circle Relationship General Quadrilateral Centers of Triangle Inscribed Circle: Circumscribing Circle: Cyclic Quadrilateral: (sum of opposite angles=180) INCENTER abc AT = rs - the center of the inscribed circle (incircle) AT = A = (s a)(s b)(s c)(s d) of the triangle & the point of intersection of 4R Escribed Circle: Ptolemys Theorem is applicable: the angle bisectors of the triangle. opposite side a+b+c+d diameter = AT = R a (s a) ac + bd = d1 d2 s= sine of angle 2 a b c AT = R b (s b) Non-cyclic Quadrilateral: d= = = AT = R c (s c) sin A sin B sin C A = (s a)(s b)(s c)(s d) abcd cos 2 2 Pappus Theorem CIRCUMCENTER - the center of the circumscribing circle Pappus Theorem 1: Prism or Cylinder Pointed Solid (circumcircle) & the point of intersection of SA = L 2R V = AB H = AX L 1 the perpendicular bisectors of the triangle. v V = AB H Pappus Theorem 2: LA = PB H = Px L 3 AB/PB Perimeter or Area of base Right Circ. Cone Reg. Pyramid V = A 2R H Height & L slant height 1 AX/PX Perimeter or Area of cross- LA = rL LA = PB L NOTE: It is also used to locate centroid of an area. section perpendicular to slant height 2
Spherical Lune: Spherical Wedge:
Special Solids Spherical Solids ORTHOCENTER Alune 4R2 4 Sphere: Vwedge 3 R 3 - the point of intersection of the altitudes of Truncated Prism or Cylinder: = 4 rad 2 = the triangle. V = AB Have V = R3 rad 2 LA = PB Have 3 Alune = 2R2 2 LA = 4R2 Vwedge = R3 3 Frustum of Cone or Pyramid: Spheroid: H 4 Spherical Zone: V = abc V= (A + A2 + A1 A2 ) 3 Azone = 2Rh 3 1 LA = 4 [ a2 + b2 + c 2 ] CENTROID Spherical Sector: 3 - the point of intersection of the medians of 1 the triangle. Prolate Spheroid: V = Azone R 3 4 2 V = abb V = R2 h 3 a2 + b2 + b2 3 Prismatoid: LA = 4 [ ] Spherical Segment: H 3 V = (A1 + 4AM + A2 ) For one base: 6 Oblate Spheroid: about major axis 1 EULER LINE 4 V = h2 (3R h) V = aab 3 - the line that would pass through the 3 For two bases: orthocenter, circumcenter, and centroid of a2 + a2 + b2 LA = 4 [ ] 1 the triangle. 3 V = h(3a2 + 3b2 + h2 ) about minor axis 6
Ten-Decimal Tables of the Logarithms of Complex Numbers and for the Transformation from Cartesian to Polar Coordinates: Volume 33 in Mathematical Tables Series