Understanding Major Accident Hazards - Learning Outcomes for onshore managers and OIMs
Target Audience: All staff and contract onshore managers and OIMs
Item Objective
High impact management statement to
Introduction reinforce the need for the training and to set
the scene
To understand that the regulatory framework is What makes you comfortable that you are managing the Major Accident Hazard risks today?
Regulatory Framework there to control the conflicting incentives of
production and safety
Define a Major Accident Hazard
Understand the difference between Major
Accident Hazard (process) safety versus
occupational (personal) safety
Major Accident Hazards
Describe Major Accident Hazard identification
process
Major Environmental Incidents Define a major environmental incident
Safety and Environmental Critical Define Safety and Environmental Critical
Elements (SECEs) Elements (SECEs)
Define performance standards
Define the maintenance routines associated
with SECEs
Safety and Environmental Critical
Element (SECE) maintenance,
verification and assurance
Context Suggested Training Activities Gap Analysis Response
Does your Major Accident Hazard training provide the context of why the management of
Major Accident Hazard is important?
Consider using company example of incidents or Have you considered Step Change guidance to aid understanding of Major Accident Hazard
near misses to make it personal. Play the video I training?
could have saved a life today' available from Step
As a manager - the role of managers in MAH Management - - Because you have significant Change. Consider viewing the Rough DVD to
responsibility for the lives of people on your installation.
show that people were physically and mentally
scarred. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=JiF8fDHYx_I
Does your training explain management accountabilities under the current regulatory
framework?
High level review of relevant regulations
Because you know that you are monitoring risk in line with the regulatory framework
Does your training define what a Major Accident Hazard is?
Consider using examples of Major Accident
Use HSE definition and Step Change terms to give clear understanding of what a Major Accident Hazards on your site and also industry examples
Hazards is (Texas City, Deepwater Horizon etc.)
Does your Major Accident Hazard definition follow Step Change guidance?
Does your training provide an awareness of the difference between personal and process
safety?
Ensure there is a clear understanding of the difference between occupational and Major Accident
Hazard safety. Explain how the industry has previously focussed on occupational safety when
assessing a task and pay little attention to Major Accident Hazard and why this needs to change
Does your training allow your candidates to understand how Major Accident Hazards are
identified? (partial if only covered by MIST)
Does you training provide an understanding of how Major Accident Hazards are controlled on
your site?
Provides an understanding of how Major Accident Hazards were identified through HAZID based on Consider Major Accident Hazard examples and
the scenarios that have the potential to cause a major accident case studies Does your training provide an understanding of what Major Accident Hazards are present on
your site?
Does your training contain worked examples of how Major Accident Hazards are identified?
Use HSE definition and Step Change terms to give clear understanding of what a Major Consider Major Environmental Incident examples Does your training take account of the change in Safety Case Regulations and include
environmental Incident is and how it relates to a MAH and a case studies information on Major Environmental Incidents?
Does your training provide an understanding of how SECEs are identified from analysing Major
Accident Hazards to enable management of the risks?
Does your training provide a definition of SECE?
Does your training describe the relationship between SECE and Major Accident Hazard risk
Provide an understanding of how SECEs are identified from analysing Major Accident Hazards to management?
enable management of the risks Does your training provide an understanding of what SECEs are present on your site?
Ensure that current legislation is used for basis of
training
Does your training contain worked examples of how SECEs are identified?
Does your training make clear the accountabilities for the management of SECEs?
Does you training recognise the impact of the implementation of the EU Offshore Safety
Explain how the Cullen Report led to goal setting and the requirement for operators to identify Directive and the introduction of SECEs?
their own SECEs
Does your training provide an understanding of what a performance standard is, what it is
used for, and why it is important to the safety of the asset?
Provide a line of sight between a technician's
Provides an understanding of what a performance standard is, what it is used for, and why it is maintenance task, performance standards, Safety
important to the safety of the asset and Environmental Critical Elements and Major
Accident Hazards Does your training provide Managers with the skills to recognise when a Performance
Standard is not met and the responsibility to take appropriate action?
Does your training give you an understanding of the importance of maintenance routines to
Give an understanding of the importance of ensure SECEs meet their performance standards in terms of functionality, survivability,
maintenance to ensure that the functions of reliability and availability?
Give an understanding of the importance of maintenance to ensure that the functions of Safety and
Environmental Critical Elements reliably and consistently meet their performance standard Safety and Environmental Critical Elements
reliably and consistently meet their performance
standard
 Understanding Major Accident Hazards - Learning Outcomes for onshore managers and OIMs

Target Audience: All staff and contract onshore managers and OIMs
Safety and Environmental Critical
Element (SECE) maintenance, Gap Analysis
verification and Item
assurance Objective Context Suggested Training Activities Response
Does your training provide an understanding of what to do when a SECE is not working
Provide an understanding that good maintenance provides assurance that SECEs consistently meet properly?
their performance standards and, if not, an operational risk assessment (ORA) is required Does your training provide an understanding of how you know if a SECE is not working
Describe SECE assurance
properly? Does it draw a distinction between degrading and failed monitoring of a degraded
system?

Define verification
What is a Safety Case
Does your training provide an understanding of your role in the application, implementaion
Provide an understanding that an independent competent person (ICP) is employed by the Consider using Step Change Assurance & and execution of the verification scheme?
operator to provide assurance on the performance of SECEs Verification publications Does the training state the need for the reporting of SECE Failures in line with the new
regulations?
Does your training provide details of where the Safety Case is held and how you can access it?
Provide an understanding that a Safety Case is a document produced by the operator and accepted
by the Competent Authority (HSE & DECC ) to comply with the Offshore Safety Case Regulations
(2015). The Safety Case is a living document that is there to help technicians, supervisors and
managers to make decisions about how to safely work and live on the installation. Ensure there is Consider using real Safety Cases to explain
an understanding that the Safety Case identifies the hazards and risks associated with the site,
describes how the risks are controlled and mitigated, and describes the safety management system Does your training equip Managers with an understanding of their responsibilities to ensure
in place to ensure the controls are effectively and consistently applied the safety case is met?

Does your training provide awareness of how your Safety Case is broken down into a number
Consider describing IADC model if you do not of parts and what each part contains?
What a Safety Case contains Provide an understanding that a Safety Case is broken down into a number of parts, and what each have a Safety Case to use for this part of the
part contains training e.g. contractor working across multiple
Safety Case assets

How you can use a Safety Case
Does your training provide awareness of how your Safety Case relates to Major Accident
Ensure that there is an understanding that the Safety Case belongs to everyone and that everyone Hazard awareness?
can use it while carrying out his or her role. Explain how it can be used to find information relating
to the site, the hazards and the process used on site. Ensure that technicians know where to find it Does your training provide awareness of how supervisors would utilise the Safety Case to
carry out work in line with its requirements?
 Understanding Major Accident Hazards - Learning Outcomes for onshore managers and OIMs
Safety Case
Target Audience: All staff and contract onshore managers and OIMs
Item Objective Context
Provide appreciation that Major Accident Hazard risks are also being managed at higher level both
on and offshore; assessment of overall risk is an ongoing process and is quantified in the assets
Risk Based Assessment Awareness quantitative risk assessment. Provide a brief summary of what a quantitative risk assessment is
with regards potential loss of life (PLL), individual risk per annum (IRPA) and location specific
individual risk (LSIR).
Provide an understanding that there are multiple processes in place to manage the risk from a
General Major Accident Hazard and in some organisation this can be referred to as process safety
management
Provide an understanding that the integrity of the plant and structure are assured through
Plant integrity assessment, inspection and repair which is managed by the integrity department both on and
offshore and that everyone has a responsibility to identify defects and report them
Provide an understanding of what control of work procedures you have in place, where they can be
found and how they should be used. Reinforce good practices with regards to occupational and
Control of work Major Accident Hazard identification, risk assessments and toolbox talks. Ensure there is an
understanding of the critical importance of the control of work documentation and that it is not just Step Change Joined-up Thinking videos on
another piece of paper
Provide an understanding that processes and procedures have been put in place to ensure safe
operations and to address the Major Accident Hazards
Management systems
Procedures, whether work control or task specific, need to be followed and deviation from any
procedure needs to be assessed and recorded. Consideration should be given to developing
procedures for tasks which do not have one
Major Accident Hazard
Management
Suggested Training Activities
Consider showing asset diagrams to explain
potential loss of life (PLL), individual risk per Does your training provide an appreciation that risk based assessment is used within the
annum (IRPA) and location specific individual risk safety case?
(LSIR)
Consider showing companies Major Accident
Hazard management diagrams, procedures and
plans. Show where to find them
Consider showing company defect reporting
process
Consider discussing examples of good and bad
permits, risk assessments and toolbox talks. Use
control of work
Consider discussing company procedures
management process
Gap Analysis Response
Does the training describe the processes and procedures used to manage the risks from Major
Accident Hazards?
Does the training provide managers with the understanding of their accountability for setting
up and assuring application of the processes and procedures?
Does your training describe the processes in place to show how the installation operates
safely through out its life cycle? (asset integrity)
Does the training describe individuals roles and responsibilities for ensuring asset integrity?
Does the training describe why the safety of ageing and life extension issues for assets is
important with regards to Major Accident Hazard management?
Does the training describe how safety of ageing and life extension issues for assets are
managed?
Does the training describe the company's defect reporting and resolution procedure?
Does your training provide a thorough understanding of control of work procedures used on
the installations and the supervisors' responsibilities in the control of work process with
regards to Major Accident Hazard management?
Does the training provide a thorough understanding of the risk assessment process with
regards to Major Accident Hazard management?
Does the training provide a thorough understanding of the permit to work system with
regards to Major Accident Hazard management?
Does the training provide a thorough understanding of management of isolations with regards
to Major Accident Hazard management?
Does the training provide a thorough understanding of individuals' roles and responsibilities in
the control of work procedures with regards to Major Accident Hazard management?
Does the training provide a thorough understanding of how information is communicated to
people using control of work procedures with regards to Major Accident Hazard
management?
Do you use external material e.g. Step Change, HSE, OGUK, OPITO, Energy Institute as part of
the training provided?
Does the training ensure that there is a thorough understanding of the company management
system and what it contains?
Does the training describe the requirement for a management system as part of the
obligations of the Management and Administration Regs?
Does your training provide a thorough understanding of the requirement to risk assess and to
get approval for any deviation from an existing procedure?
Do individuals understand their roles and responsibilities within procedures and processes
that are specific to Major Accident Hazard management?
Does your training provide a thorough understanding of the requirement for a written
procedure for safety critical tasks and the potential requirement for procedures for non-
routine tasks that could impact on major accident hazard control?
Does the training describe how the organisation ensures competency levels are maintained?
 Understanding Major Accident Hazards - Learning Outcomes for onshore managers and OIMs
Target Audience:Hazard
Major Accident All staff and contract onshore managers and OIMs
Management
Item Objective Context
Reinforce the need for competency on all aspects of the operation. If youre not competent, if
Competency youre unsure or its not your job then dont do it as you could compromise the integrity of the
asset as well as the personal safety of you and/or others
Provide an understanding that plant and equipment have been designed to industry standards and Consider using external material e.g. Step
Basis of design specification to ensure safety and integrity, but that equipment can degrade and operating
conditions can change, so vigilance and constant re-assessment is important
Reinforce understanding that a healthy plant results in steady operations, requiring less
intervention and therefore less chance of something going wrong
Maintenance
Reinforce the importance of carrying out maintenance routines when its due and in line with
procedures, paying particular attention to Safety Critical Elements / Equipment
Major Accident Hazard management indicators Provide an understanding that Operators and Duty Holders may use leading and lagging indicators
to track their performance with regards to the management of Major Accident Hazards
Suggested Training Activities
Do you use external material e.g. Step Change, HSE, OGUK, OPITO, Energy Institute in the
Consider explaining the companys training and training provided?
competency management process. Use Step
Change Joined-up Thinking video on competence Does the training provide a clear understanding of the managers' right & duty to challenge
and intervene on matters of competence?
Change, HSE, OGUK, OPITO, Energy Institute in
the training provided
Gap Analysis Response
Does the training describe the competency level for individual roles in managing risks from
Major Accident Hazards?
Does the training describe how the organisation ensures competency levels are maintained?
Does the training describe the process for individuals to become competent in their role?
Does your training highlight management accountability for defining and implementing a
competency management framework (or similar) including Major Accident Hazard
management?
Does the training provide an understanding of the difference between being trained and being
competent?
Does your training provide instructions on how to access the training / competence records?
Does the training describe where to source the original basis of design information and how
this applies to operating the plant and when modifications are made?
Does the training provide an understanding of the need to operate within the basis of design
and controls required during excursions?
Does your training reference the Design and Construction Regs (DCR)?
Does the training cover the role healthy plant plays in ensuring safe operations?
Does the training cover the importance of carrying out maintenance routines to time and to
standard?
Does your training provide an understanding of safety critical backlog and it's impact on major
accident hazard control and the associated risks?
Does your training provide an understanding of the difference between safety critical backlog
and deferred maintenance?
Does the training provide an understanding of the importance of recording an accurate
maintenance history and how to effectively interrogate the data to make decisions?
Does the organisation use leading and lagging indicators to monitor the performance of
SECEs?
Does the training describe the leading and lagging indicators used to monitor SECEs'
performance?
Does the training describe how this is used to monitor the management of Major Accident
Hazard risks by the organisation?
Does the training and guidance set the requirement for Major Accident Hazards leading and
lagging indicators to form part of the standard agenda for leadership meetings?
Does the training describe where the performance indicator data is kept and the need to
review it?

Target Audience: All staff and contract onshore managers and OIMs
Item Objective
Define barriers
Barrier Management
Barrier failure / degradation
Task based hazard identification
Hazard and risk Identification (on Human factors
site)
Uncontrolled change to plant, process or
procedure and the consequences
Understanding Major Accident Hazards - Learning Outcomes for onshore managers and OIMs
Context
Provide a clear understanding of what a barrier is and what it does, link this back to Safety and
Environmental Critical Elements. Refer to previous section on Major Accident Hazard risk
management
Provide an understanding that a site is designed with multiple barriers and that those barriers can
be grouped into prevention, detection, control, mitigation and emergency response. Introduce the
term layers of protection
Provide an understanding of what a degraded barrier is
Reinforce the need to be aware of where barriers exist and when they are degraded
Provide an understanding that if a barrier is not fully functional it needs to be reported and risk
assessed using an operational risk assessment
Provide an understanding that individuals may at some point degrade a barrier by deviating from
procedure, applying an override, or carrying out maintenance on a piece of Safety Critical
equipment. Ensure an understanding that planned barrier deviation must be identified and
assessed pre-task.
Provide an understanding that all tasks needs to take into account both occupational hazards and
any impact to safety and environmental critical elements
Provide an understanding of human factors and how these impact on Major Accident Hazard
management
Explain how uncontrolled changes can result in a Major Accident Hazard or the ability to control /
mitigate a Major Accident Hazard
Suggested Training Activities
Introduce Reasons Swiss Cheese Model or bow
ties
Consider providing examples to highlight barrier
degradation
Consider using company hazard identification
documentation
Use Step Change Joined-up Thinking video on
complacency
Consider using company examples. Refer to Step Does your training explain how uncontrolled changes in plant, process or procedures can
Change Joined-up Thinking Video on change result in a Major Accident Hazard or the ability to control / mitigate a Major Accident Hazard?
management
Gap Analysis Response
Does the training provide clear understanding of the purpose and importance of Major
Accident Hazard barrier? (including barrier categories: people, plant, process)
Does the training clearly define the Swiss Cheese Model and/or the use of bow ties as applied
in the organisation? ('yes' if Swiss cheese AND bow ties are used in training)
Does the training provide individuals with an understanding of the importance of Major
Accident Hazard barriers? Are the roles of process (procedures), people and plant clearly
defined?
Does the training allow individuals to identify the various layers of protection (barriers) that
exist on the site or within the Safety Case i.e. prevention, detection, control, mitigation,
emergency response? ('yes' is if technicians are routinely involved in layers of protection
analysis [LOPA], hazard identification [HAZIDs] etc that the site conducts)
Does the training emphasise the importance of managers understanding the current status of
barriers?
Does the training provide an understanding that a defective barrier can affect the ability of
other barriers to perform their ultimate function?
Does the training equip managers to understand and assess the impact of cumulative
degradation and the actions to be taken and their accountability for taking these actions?
Does the training provide an understanding of how particular barriers might be degraded
(instruments out of calibration, trips overridden, physical degradation of pipes or fire
protective coatings, blocked line of sight beams etc.)?
Does the training provide an understanding of when an operational risk assessment (ORA) is
required and that this can result in stopping activity? ('yes' is when technicians are routinely
involved in operational risk assessments)
Does the training state the need for the reporting of SECE failures in line with EU Safety
Directive?
Does the training highlight the need for communicating the output and mitigations put in
place following completion of an ORA?
Does the training highlight the need for ORAs to be actively managed and describe the
process?
Does the training provide an understanding of when an ORA is required and the supervisors
responsibilities therein?
Does the training provide an understanding of how individuals may at some point degrade a
barrier - intentionally, e.g. applying an inhibit or override, or unintentionally, e.g. deviating
from procedure, erecting a scaffolding in front of a line of sight etc?
Does your training provide clear direction that all tasks must take into account the impact on
SECEs to decide whether they affect your ability to manage Major Accident Hazards?
Does your training provide awareness of human factors (e.g. 'hazardous blindness', issue
fixation, confirmation bias etc)? Ensure that personnel are aware this exists and
systematically search for both occupational and Major Accident Hazards when preparing to
Does the training
carry out a task highlight the importance of human factors in work planning, e.g.
overloading personnel, manning levels etc.?
Does you training provide an understanding of risk perception and explain how negative
behaviours with positive consequences lead to normalisation of risk?
Does you training explain how hazards can be normalised resulting in reduced perception of
risk?
Does you training explain the term 'normalised deviation' and how deviation from a process
can become normalised over time?

Target Audience: All staff and contract onshore managers and OIMs
Item Objective
Management of change (MoC) process
Permit to work
Risk Assessment
Operational risk assessment (ORA)
Last minute risk assessment (LMRA)
Dynamic risk assessment
Understanding Major Accident Hazards - Learning Outcomes for onshore managers and OIMs
Context
Explain when it is used and what it looks like. Provide an understanding of the supervisors'
responsibilities in the MoC process
Explain the different types of work control certificates (WCC) and risk assessments (RA). Set
expectations on the content and quality of WCC and RA required. Identify where company
procedures and RA guidance can be found
Explain the purpose of an operational risk assessment and when it should be used
Explain how it differs from a task-based risk assessment (TBRA) and should be used to assess
degradation of SECEs
Explain the purpose of a LMRA and how to conduct one
Explain the purpose of dynamic risk assessment process and how to conduct one
Suggested Training Activities
Consider using company management of change Hazard?
process. Use Step Change Joined-up Thinking
video about change management
Consider using examples of good and bad risk
assessments
Gap Analysis Response
Does your training explain that any changes to people, plant, process or procedures should be
risk assessed to ensure it does not negatively impact on the ability to manage Major Accident
Are all supervisors trained to understand their role in the MoC process?
Does your training identify what constitutes a change requiring a management of change
process?
Does your training explain how the permit to work system is used to risk assess the hazards
associated with a task and which level of RA is required?
Does your training enable supervisors role to recognise a suitable and sufficient task based
RA?
Does your training explain the purpose of an operational risk assessment and when it should
be used?
Does your training explain how an ORA differs from a task based risk assessment (TBRA) and
that it should be used to assess degradation of SECEs?
Does your training explain the purpose of a LMRA, how to conduct one and how this relates to
Major Accident Hazard management?
Does your training explain the purpose of a dynamic risk assessment and how this relates to
Major Accident Hazard management?
Risk Assessment
Understanding Major Accident Hazards - Learning Outcomes for onshore managers and OIMs

Target Audience: All staff and contract onshore managers and OIMs

Item Objective Context Suggested Training Activities Gap Analysis Response

How does your training provide an understanding of cumulative risk and how degraded
barriers, overrides, defects and ongoing tasks which are interrelated can increase the overall
Overall risk profile Provide an understanding of cumulative risk and how degraded barriers, overrides, defects and risk on site?
ongoing tasks which are interrelated can increase the overall risk on site

Impact of Behaviours on Major
Accident Hazards
Does your Major Accident Hazard training reinforce the duty of all employees to maintain
awareness of these hazards and the measures in place to control or mitigate the associated
risk?
Provide a clear statement that understanding Major Accident Hazards and complying with company
process and procedures is each and every employees responsibility Use Step Change Joined-up Thinking video on Does your training reinforce the right and duty of employees to communicate and/or
Personal responsibility / play your part culture intervene wherever they become aware of risk of Major Accident Hazard?

Make it clear that each and everyones actions can affect everyone's safety and everyone must play Does your training provide examples of what 'best practice' for employees looks like?
their part and lead by example

The role of the leader is promoting and

developing a culture that enhances Major
Safety Leadership Accident Hazard awareness
Changes to legislation
Tool box talk (TBT)
Provide an understanding that the leader is responsible for creating the environment and
atmosphere for effective workforce engagement in both a personal and process safety culture
Keep updated on legislation and ensure safety documentation, processes and procedures are
updated and current at all times
Explain the purpose of a good TBT and give examples of how it should be conducted. Ensure TBT
discussion addresses both occupational and Major Accident Hazards
Use Step Change Joined-up Thinking video on
communication
Does your training explain that the leader is responsible for creating the environment and
atmosphere for effective workforce engagement in both a personal and process safety
culture?
Does your training explain the purpose of a good TBT and give examples of how it should be
conducted? Ensure TBT discussions address SECEs as well as both occupational and Major
Accident Hazards.

Communications Does your Major Accident Hazard training explain the importance of handovers as a key tool
Explain the importance of handovers as a key tool to communicate platform status, changes in Consider the use of company-specific or industry to communicate job status, changes in plant, reduction in performance or failure of SECEs?
Handovers case studies (refer to Step Change Safety
plant, reduction in performance or failure of SECEs Moments / Alerts for resources)

Does your training include evaluation of learning through exercise or other assessment? Do
Recap on the course you capture feedback on the learning benefit?
Is there a commitment requirement or other performance obligation contained within the
Ask what they will do different with what they have learned training?
Use Step Change Joined-up Thinking video on
The 'So What?' commitment Do your company vision/values or HSE strategy make clear that as a Major Accident Hazard
Reinforce managements opening statement, reinforce the industry's goal to deliver a better business all employees have a shared responsibility?
understanding of Major Accident Hazard management and that we dont want another major
accident in the UKCS Is there a senior management commitment contained within the training programme that
speaks for both your organisation and the industry?

Yes 0%
No 0%
Partial 0%
No response 100%
Yes
No
Partial