Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 ) Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00 Lecture Notes

Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor 2k6 2k7
 USD (Ultimate Strength Design)

LOADS & LOAD FACTORS

CHAPTER 2

Dead Loads Gravity / Vertical Forces

Live Loads
Wind Loads Horizontal / Lateral Forces
Earthquake Loads

Earthquake Load Wind Load

For light structures, the design load is the wind load

For heavy structures / high storey buildings, the design load is the earthquake load

Unit weight of pure concrete = 145 pcf or 22.83 kN/m3

Unit weight of reinforced concrete = 150 pcf or 23.60 kN/m3

LOAD FACTOR

Dead Load= 100 x 1.40 Live Load = 100 x 1.70

= 140 = 170

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 ) Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00 Lecture Notes
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor 2k6 2k7
 LOAD COMBINATION

1.40DL + 1.7 LL

U = required strength
= 0.75 (1.4D + 1.7L +1.7W)
= 1.05 D + 1.275 L + 1.275 W

U = 1.32D + 1.1 f1L + 1.1 E

f 1= 0.5 for normal buildings (for other live loads)

= 1.0 for floor in places of public assembly area, for live loads in excess of 4.8 kPa,
and for garage live load

PD = 120 kN
PL = 60 kN

Find: Pu
Pu = 1.4 (120) + 1.7 (60)
= 270 kN

Find: MU (Ultimate Moment Capacity)

MU = 1.2 Pu = 1.2(270)
MU = 324 kN.m

OR:
MD = 1.2 PD = 1.2(120) = 144 kN.m
ML = 1.2 PL = 1.2(60) = 72 kN.m
MU = 1.4 MD + 1.7 ML
= 1.4(144) + 1.7(72)
MU = 324 kN.m

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 ) Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00 Lecture Notes
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor 2k6 2k7
 Problem:

Find: Design Moment @ B

Dead Loads: @ ABC

DFBA = = 0.714285
+ 1/10
DFBC = 0.285715
FEMBC = WL2 = 30(10) 2 = 250 kN.m
12 12
13
Final Moment:
Due to Dead Load,
MB = 178.571 kN.m
Due to Live Load:
MB = WL = WD = 178.571 = 59.524 kN.m
3 3

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 ) Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00 Lecture Notes
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor 2k6 2k7
 Due to Earthquake Load:

MB = + 25

Load Case 1 :
1.40D + 1.7L MU = 1.4(178.571) + 1.7(59.324)
= 351.19 kN.m
Load Case 2: (f1 = 0.5) (PE )
MU = 1.32D + 1.1 f1L + 1.1 E
MU = 1.32(178.571) + 1.1(0.5)(59.524) 1.1(25)
MU = 240.95 kN.m

Load Case 3: (PE )

MU = 1.32(178.571) + 1.1(0.5)(59.524) + 1.1(25)
MU = 240.95 kN.m

DESIGN MOMENT
MU = 351.19 kN.m

STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTOR

(Art. 409 4.2)
= 0.90 (moment) = 0.75 (spiral columns)
= 0.85 (shear) = 0.70 (tied columns)
ex.
MCAP = 100 x 0.90
= 90 kN.m

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 ) Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00 Lecture Notes
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor 2k6 2k7
 SAMPLE PROBLEM:

Analysis :
Given : b, d, As, f' c, fy
Find : Mu Mn, 0.90 for moment
0.85 for shear
Mn nominal moment capacity
Mu Mn ultimate moment cap.

Balanced Condition:

a = 1 c

c d 0.003 600
c d d
0.003 0.003 (fy/Es ) 0.003 (fy/Es ) 600 fy
Asfy ab 0.85f' c
600
a 1 c 1 d
600 fy
600 0.85f' c
As 1 db
600 fy fy

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 ) Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00 Lecture Notes
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor 2k6 2k7
 As 0.85f ' c 600
fb 1
bd fy 600 fy
f' c 1.40 As min
min or min ; choose w/c ever is
4fy fy bd
max 0.75 bal under reinforced
As
act
bd
0.85f ' c 600
bal 1 ( )( )
fy 600 fy
0.05
1 0.85 - (f' c - 30)
7
4
Req' d vs. min
3

Pr ocedure :
1.) max (4.10.4.3)
min (4.10.6)
As
2.) act
bd
3.) If act max use As max bd
max min use As As act max act
3
act min use As As act
4
Asfy
4.) a
0.85f' cb
a
5.) Mu 0.90 Asfy(d - )
2
Design :
Given : f' c, fy, Mu (factored moment / design moment)
Find : a.) Req' d bd 2
b.) Req' d As
Mu
Mu Mn Mn

As bd
Asfy
a
0.85f' c(b)
Mu a bdfy
Asfy(d - ) bdfy(d - )
2 1.7f' cb
Mu fy
bd 2 fy(1 - )
1.7f' c
Mu
Req' d bd 2
R
fy
where R fy(1 - ) MPa
1.7f' c
M M
s
s
Let :
Mu fy fy
X [1 - ] :m
bd 2 fy 1.7f' c 0.85 f ' c
m
X [1 - ]
2
m 2
x0
2
m
1- 4 X
4
Req' d 1
m
2
2
1 - 2mX
1-
m
Design :
Given : f' c, fy, Mu (factored moment / design moment)
Find : a.) Req' d bd 2
b.) Req' d As
Mu
Mu Mn Mn

As bd
Asfy
a
0.85f'c(b)
Mu a bdfy
Asfy(d - ) bdfy(d - )
2 1.7f'cb
Mu fy
bd 2 fy(1- )
1.7f'c
Mu
Req' d bd 2
R
fy
where R fy(1- ) MPa
1.7f'c 2
M M
s
s
Let :
Mu fy fy
X 2
[1 - ] :m
bd fy 1.7f' c 0.85f ' c
m
X [1 - ]
2
m 2
x 0
2
m
1- 4 X
Req' d 1 4
m
2
2
1 - 2mX
1-
m
 As bd

Procedure :
1.) max , min
2.) Choose max
min
fy
3.) R fy(1 - )
1.7f' c
Mu
4.) Req' d bd 2
R
choose b & d & h
Mu fy
5.) X 2
&m
bd fy 0.85f' c
1 - 2mX
6.) req' d 1 -
m
7.) Req' d As bd
As
n no. of bars
Ab

Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Stress Strain Diagram Steel Stress Strain Diagram

Cc kd
kd 1/3 d

a = 1 c (article 410.3.7.3)
1 = 0.85 for fc < 30 Mpa
1 = 0.8 0.05 (fc 30) for fc > 30 Mpa
7
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 ) 1 0.65 Ultimate Strength Design (USD)
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00 Lecture Notes
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor 2k6 2k7
 Steel: y = fy GRADE 40
Es y = 276 = 0.00138
200,000
ANALYSIS:
Given: b, d, As, fc, fy
Find: Mn = Nominal Moment Capacity
Mu = Mo = Ultimate Moment Capacity

F = 0 Cc = Ts
0.85 fc a b = As fy

M = 0
Mn = Cc or Ts (d a)
2

Maximum Steel Ratio, max

Under Reinforced

< 0.75 bal

Balance Condition.

Cb = 0.003 d= 0.003 d Es
0.003 + y 0.003 + fy Es
Es

Cb = 600 d
600 + fy

Cb = 1 cb

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 ) Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00 Lecture Notes
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor 2k6 2k7
Balance Condition
Strain max = 0.75b

Maximum Steel Ratio, min

Note: Es = 200, 000 Mpa min = Asmin = fc or 1.4 whichever is
Bd 4fy fy greater
Reqd < min => 4 reqd vs. min whichever is
3 lesser

1) act = As , max , min

bd
F = 0 => a = As fy 2) If act > max
0.85 fc h use : = max
As = max bd
As = 0.85 fc a b If pmax > act > pmin
fy use : act = actual
As = Asactual
Asb = 0.85 fc ab b If p < min
fy use: = (4/3) act
= 0.85 fc b (1 600 d) As = (3/4) Asactual
fy 600 + fy 3) a = Asfy
0.85 fc b
bal = Asbal = 1 0.85 fc 600 4) Mn = Asfy (d a/2)
bd fy 600 + fy Mu = Mn

Design

Given: fc, fy
Mu factored Moment = Mn => Mn = Mu/

1) max, min

2) choose (based max & min)

fy
R fy1
1.7f ' c

3) Reqd bd2 = Mu
R
Choose b and d

4) As
a. X = Mu
bd2 fy
b. m = fy
0.85 fc
1 1 2mX
c. Reqd
Reinforced ConcretemDesign ( RCD 1 ) Ultimate Strength Design (USD)
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00 Lecture Notes
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor 2k6 2k7
 d. As = bd

1
a A s fy
As
Mn A s fy d A s fy d 2 let : A s bd
2 0.85f ' cb bd


bdfy
Mn bdfy d
1.7f ' cb
Mn fy
fy1 R
bd 2 1. 7f ' c
Mu fy
let X 2
and m
bd fy 0.85f ' c
fy 2m
X 1

2(0.85f ' c) 2
2 m 1 1 4(m / 2)X
X 0 :
2 2(m / 2)
1 1 2mX
:
m

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 ) Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00 Lecture Notes
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor 2k6 2k7
Example1
Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the beam section shown. Use fc = 35 MPa and GR. 60 bars.
 Solution :
0.05 0.05
1.) 1 0.85 (f ' c 30) 0.85 (35 30)
7 7
1 0.81429
0.85f ' c 600
max 0.75Bal 0.751
fy 600 fy
0.85x35 600
max (0.75)(0.81429)
414 600 414
max 0.031890
f' c 35
min 0.0035725
4fy 4x414 (higher value) min 0.0038164
1.4 1.4
min 0.0038164
fy 414
As
act : As (282 )(4) 2463.01 mm2
bd 4
2463.01
ct 0.013031
300x630

2.) max > act > min

act 0.013031
As Asact

Asfy 2463.01x41 4
3.) a 114 .25
0.85f' cb 0.85x35x300

a
4.) Mu Mn Asfy (d )
2
114 .25 -6
Mu 0.9(2463.0 1)(414) 630 (1 10 )
2
Mu 525.74 kN - m

Example no. 2
Design the beam shown using f' c 21MPa and Gr. 40 bars : Use 0.015, d 2b and
h d (d b /2 d bs 50)
where : d bs stirrup bar diameter 12mm ; d b 32mm
PD 70 kN PL 50 kN
WD 20kN/m WL 15kN/m

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 ) Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00 Lecture Notes
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor 2k6 2k7
Solution :
1.) .85 (.05 / 7) (35 30) 0.81429
max (.75)(0.81429)[(. 85 35) / 414][600/(600 414)] 0.031890
min f' c /4fy
35 /4(414) or 1.4/fy
.0035725 or .0038164 min .0038164
act As/bd ; As / 4( 28 )(4)
2

As 2463.01 mm 2
ct 2463.01/(3 00 630) 0.013031

2.) max > act > min

act 0.013031
As As act

3.) a Asfy/(0.85f' c)
2463.01(41 4)/[0.85(3 5)(300)
114.25

4.) Mu 0.9(2463.0 1)(414)[63 0 - (114025/2) ](1 10 -6 )

Mu 5250.54 kN/m

Example no. 2
Design the beam shown using f' c 21MPa and Gr. 40 bars : Use 0.015, d 2b and
h d (d b /2 d bs 50)
where : d bs stirrup bar diameter 12mm ; d b 32mm
PD 70 kN PL 50 kN
W D 20kN/m W L 15kN/m
 Pu 1.4(70) 1.7(50)
183kN
Wu 1.4(20) 1.7(15)
53.5kN/m

WuL2 (53.5)(102 )
M max Pu(1.5)(2) Pu(0.5)(3) 183(1.5)(2) 183(0.50)(3)
8 8
M max 1492.25 kNm
0.85f'c 600 0.85x21 600
bal 1 0.85
fy 600 fy 276 600 276
bal 0.037653
max 0.75bal 0.75(0.037653)
max 0.028246
f' c 21
min

0.0041509

4fy 4 x 276
min 0.0050746

1.4 1.4 0.0050746
min fy 276
fy 0.015x276
R fy1 (0.015)(276)1 -
1 .7 f ' c 1.7x21
R 3659900 MPa

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 ) Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00 Lecture Notes
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor 2k6 2k7
 Re q ' d bd 2 Mu/ R
d 2b :
1492.25 x 106
b(2b)2
0.90 x 3.65990
4b 453.03 106
3

b 483.84 mm say 500mm round to nearest 50

Mu/R bd 2
d
500 500
453.03 106
d
500
d 951.87 mm
h 951.9 [(32/2) 12 50]
h 951.9 78
h 1029.9 mm say 1100 mm round to nearest 100
d act 1100 - 78
d act 1022 mm

4.) Req' d As
Mu 1492.25x106
a. X 2

bd fy 0.9 x 500x (1022) 2 x 276
X 0.0115
fy 276
b. m
0.85f' c 0.85x 21
m 15.462
Req' d :
1 - 1 - 2mX 1 1 ( 2 x15.462x 0.0115)

m 15.462
0.012760
As bd
0.012756(500)(1022)_
As 6518.316 mm 2
A 6518.316
n s
Ab (/4)(32)2
n 8.10 say 9 pcs. 32 mm bars (round up)

E 4.7 40 29.725 GPa

1 1 3 L 1 wL3 L 1 1 3 L
IC 17.067
(400)(800)3QUIZ 4: x109
mm

ULTIMATE
4
wL DESIGN
STRENGTH (USD)
wL
12 1
3 2 4 6 5 2 2 3
1 1 1 wL4 11wL4
200 N/mm (8000) 4
mm 4 1 3 FR
(8000) FR (3000
)
1. Given fc = 40 MPa & grade 9
60 bars 6 120 912 EI 120 EI
120determine
a.)
Reinforced * 29.725 *the
Concrete17Design
.067 *positive
max. 10( RCD3and *29 .725 *17.moments.
1 )negative 067 *10 (50Ultimate
) 2 * 83 Strength Design (USD)
FR L3 4
b.) determine
Monday 5:00 9:00the/ Thursday
reqd bd 6:002
for a steel ratio
9:00 2 of 0.01 Lecture Notes
F 417175 N 3 EI
Engr.c.) determine
Alberto the reqd
S. Caete R number of 28 mm based on b=400 mm for analysis
- Professor 2k6 2k7
assume1 b=400 mm and h= 800 mm F L COMPATIBIL ITY
M neg (200)(8) 2 417.18 * 8 3337 3 R
.4 kN - m
3 AE 1 2 3
 953.79
c.) d * 1000 1544.2 mm
400
MU 3337.4 *106
x 0.0093907
bd 2 fy 0.9 * 400(1544.2) 2 * 414
414
M 12.176
0.85 * 40
1 1 2(12.176)(0.0093907 )
Req' d 0.0099994
12.176
Point of zero shear,0.from
05 fixed support
1 0.85 (40 30) 0.77857
1 7 ) 417.18 382.82 kN
VL (200)(800
2 0.85 * 40 600
max 0.75 * 0.77857 * * 0.028376
200 414 600 * 414
w( x) x
40 8
min
1 0.0038192
1 200 governs!
w( x)4**x414
VL x 382.82 kN x 5.5340 m
2

2 1.4 2 8
0.0033816
2
M pos 414(5.534)(382.82) 1412.4 kN - m 3337.4 kN - m
min 30.0038192
Since req' d Mmax 3337.4
max AS kN
bd- m
min 0.0099994 * 400 *1544.2
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 ) 4 Ultimate Strength Design (USD)
0.01*414
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday6176.4
b. R 0.01 * 414 1 - 3mm
6:00 .8879 MPa
9:00 Lecture Notes

6176 1 .7 * 40
Engr. Alberto S.n Caete
- .Professor
4
10.03 say
6 10 or 11 bars 2k6 2k7
Req' d. bd 2 *U(28
M 3337.4 *10
)2 953.79 *106 mm3
4R 0.9 * 3.8879
2.) Determine the maximum live load WL that the beam can carry based on the capacity of the
beam section @ B shown below. Use WD = 10 kN/m, fc = 28 MPa, and grade 40 bars.
 1 1.7 WL 7.5 (1.4WD )7.5
VC 2.125WL 52.5
3 2 2
1 2.5 1
MB (0.51WL )(2.5) (1.4 *10) (2.125WL 52.5)2.5
2

2 3 2
M B 175 5.8438WL

0.85 * 28 600
max 0.75 * 0.85 * * 0.037653
276 600 * 276
28 1.4
min 0.0047930 or 0.0050725 min 0.0050725
4 * 276 276
( 25) 2 * 4
d 650 * 80 704.05 mm
( 25) 2 * 4 (20) 2 * 3

AS

4

4 * 252 3 * 20 2 2905.97 2906 mm 2

2906 max
0.010319
400 * 704.05 min
2906 * 276
a 84.250 mm
0.85 * 28 * 400
84.250 6
Mn 0.9 * 2906 * 276 704.05 - * 10 477.81 kN - m 175 5.8438WL
2
WL 51.817 kN/m

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 ) Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00 Lecture Notes
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor 2k6 2k7