Important medicinal and aromatic plants in

South-East Europe in relation with their

medicinal and other industrial utilization:
Republic of Macedonia
Svetlana Kulevanova
South-East Europe
Geographically:
Croatia, Bosnia&Hercegovina, Serbia,
Montenegro, Kosovo, Albania,
Romania, Bulgaria, and Macedonia.

Politically:
Croatia, Bosnia&Hercegovina,
Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo,
Albania, Turkey, and Macedonia.
Republic of Macedonia
Population (2006): 2 039 000
Area : 25 713 km

It is a land-locked country in central

Balkan, mountainous with deep basins
and valleys.

Urban or Territory of RoM includes:

industrial land
Lakes
2%
3% 65% green
Pastureland
Climate zones: 25%
40%
37% Forestland
37%

22% Arable land,

vineyards,
orchards
23%
1%
Grassland and
meadows
SMR up to SCR 600- SHR 900- SAR obove 2%
600 m 1200m 1700m 2200m Barren land
8%
MAPs of the Republic of Macedonia

Despite of its small territory, Macedonia is very rich in plant diversity,

approximately 3700 vascular plant species and is at the top of the list of states
called European Hotspots.

Land area (km2) Plant biodiversity

25500 3700

10500000
12500
Europe (exluding Turkey) Macedonia Europe (excluding Turkey) Macedonia

0.25% 30%
Gjoshe Stefkov, Svetlana Kulevanova, Medicinal and aromatic plants in Europe and Macedonia,
Maced. pharm. bul., 49, 150-151, 2003
MAPs of the Republic of Macedonia (2)

The flora of the Republic of Macedonia is quite rich, with a mosaic of diverse
floral elements (Tertiary relicts, Mediterranean, Greek-Anatolian, Ilyric,
Caucasian, Middle-European, Eurasian, arctic-alpine and cosmopolitan) and
large number of endemic species (Macedonian, south Balkan, Balkan etc).

It is represented by:
210 families, 700 MAP
920 genera,
150 most commonly used
3700 species

The first national report on biological biodiversity in

R. Macedonia was published in Y2003.

Gjoshe Stefkov, Svetlana Kulevanova,

Medicinal and aromatic plants in Europe and Macedonia, Maced. pharm. bul., 49, 150-151, 2003
MAPs of the Republic of Macedonia (3)

The most wide-spread MAPs: at the moment no available scientific data.

The most commonly used in folk Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) and
medicine: their parts, are used:
- Hypericum, Vaccinium, Juniperus, medicinally,
Plantago, Matricaria, Crataegus, for cosmetics,
Rosa canina, Urtica, Calendula, as herbal teas,
Sideritis etc. as species,
in liquers and bitters,
as insecticides and fungicides,
and in domestic cleaning products.

Up to 95 % of the total plant material used in pharmaceutical industry is from

wild origin. 80 % of it originates from Macedonia.

Only 20% of medicinal and aromatic plants are imported in Macedonia.

Gjoshe Stefkov, Svetlana Kulevanova, Medicinal and aromatic plants in Europe and Macedonia,
Maced. pharm. bul., 49, 150-151, 2003
Import of MAPs in Macedonia

The imports of the MAPs in Macedonia are not significant and represent very
small number (20%) compared to the export value that leaves the country.
However, there are incidental imports which are then re-exported to other
larger importer countries.

Profile of the Macedonian WGP Value chain

USAID , AgBiz Program, 2008.
Import of MAPs in Macedonia (2)

Profile of the Macedonian WGP Value chain

USAID , AgBiz Program, 2008.
Collection Trends of MAPs and other
WGP (1)
The collection is very old traditional activity of the people living especially
in under-developed areas.
It is sector for providing some supplemental income to vulnerable groups
in Macedonia.
It was never considered enough as a significant commercial activity for the
country in general.

The role of the pharmaceutical company Alkaloid AD Skopje:

- special section named BOTANICALS,
- have increased the collection, especially in the period from the early 60s to 90s.
- stations for buy out of collected plants,
- several certificated eco-regions exist!!!

WGP sector is in constant and permanent development and growth. The

collection trends are increasing based on the market requirements and the
availability of the workforce.
The market requires much more quantities than the current supply.
Collection Trends of MAPs (2)
The collection is seasonal, starting in early spring, and finishing in late autumn.
Only the winter months are not covered with any collection activity.

Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Manual and monographs

for collectors according to the principles of organic production,
S. Kulevanova and Gj. Stefkov, Skopje 2004, ISBN 9989-2259-2
Guidelines for collectors and buyers of self-growing plants,
mushrooms and lichen according to the principles of organic
production, Gjoshe Stefkov, Panche Nikolov, Robertina Brajanoska,
Skopje 2007, ISBN 978-9989-0-0.

The most attractive products for collection that appear on the Macedonian
market are:
Fungi: Boletus, Chanterelles, Lactarius, Morchela etc.
Lichens: Evernia, Cetraria
Berries: Blackberries, Blueberries, Raspberries, Cranberries etc.
Medicinal and aromatic plants: Adonis, Gentiana, Hypericum, Juniper,
Thymus, Veratrum, Ramonda, Salvia etc.

Profile of the Macedonian WGP Value chain

USAID , AgBiz Program, 2008.
Export MAPs and other WGPs from
Macedonia to the world

Profile of the Macedonian WGP Value chain

USAID , AgBiz Program, 2008.
Export MAPs from Macedonia (2)
All three groups of markets the European, the regional market and the other
country markets have almost the same importance when the export values in
the last three years are considered.

Profile of the Macedonian WGP Value chain

USAID , AgBiz Program, 2008.
Export MAPs from Macedonia (3)
The most significant regional market is Serbia representing around 30% to 50%
of the regional export value for MAP. Other significant regional markets are
Croatia, Slovenia and Bulgaria.

Profile of the Macedonian WGP Value chain

USAID , AgBiz Program, 2008.
Export MAPs from Macedonia (4)
The most significant other country market is USA representing around 80% to
90% of this export value for MAP. Other significant country market was the
Russian Federation.
2010:
655 t MAP exported from RoM
- 140 t Evernia, other lichenes
- 136 t Juniper,
- 95 t moss, etc.

2011:
- 16 milion $ per year
- 60.000 people involved
- the largest part (50% of all):
mashrooms, Italy.
- MAPs in:
EU, Russia, USA, Australia

Profile of the Macedonian WGP Value chain

USAID , AgBiz Program, 2008.
 National strategy with action plan
for organic agriculture in
Republic of Macedonia
,
2008-2011
CONTENT
1

2
2008-2011
3
3.1
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
2008 2011
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.2.5
4
4.1
4.2
5 STATUS QUO
5.1
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.3
5.3.1
5.3.2

5.4
5.4.1
5.4.2
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11 Collection of wild-growing
plants and fruits
5.2.1. Collection of wild growing
plants and fruits
In 1997 Alkaloid AD Skopje got eco-certificates for
the regions of its collections and purchasing of
plants and fruits. The regions included Berovo area
876 km2, Kichevo area 3.206 km2, Struga area
1.023 km2 and Kochani 461 km2: total of 5.506
km2 eco-certificated areas.

In 2006 an eco-certificate was obtained for

Maleshevo, Kriva Palanka and Belasica regions on
1.592 km2.

The control of areas was made by Balcan Biocert.

The certificates were given from IMO.

Strategic documents include:

a. Stimulation and developing of
production of native MAP by
cultivation activities (C.2.1.2);
b. Determination of optimal biological
levels for explotation of biological
Collecting of wild-growing plants and
resources (C.1.2.1).
fruits in RoM, in period 20052006
Most often used MAPs in home-made
remedies
Herbal teas: the most often form for use!
- for refreshments Hibiscus, Sideritis, wild thyme, Cynosbati, blueberry, etc.
- for curing different medicinal and aromatic plant drugs.
Tinctures:
- for curing Gentiana, Tormentila, Thyme, Valeriana, .etc.
Vines:
- for curing Gentiana, Urtica, .etc.
Syrups:
- for curing Althaea, Malva, Primula, Thyme, Pine needles (Pinus nigra), etc.
Balsams and creams:
- Chamomile, Calendula, Hedera, Symphytum, .etc.
Oil extracts:
- Hypericum, Calendula, .., etc.
Most popular MAPs in general public

For cure
Domestic plants:
Hypericum large reputation as medicinal plant.
Valeriana, Achilea, Herniaria, Althaea, Malva, Tilia, Melissa, wild Mentha, Salix,
Arctostaphylos, Gentiana, Plantago, Verbena, Teucrium, Quercus, Origanum,
Satireja, Thymus, Inula, Artemisia, Tussilago, Taraxacum, Centaurea, Urtica, etc.

Introduced plants or imported plant drugs:

Mentha, Rosmarinus, Salvia, Lavandula, Gingko, Ginseng, Serenoa, Zingiber,
Curcuma, Aloe, Aronia, Green tea, Black tea, etc.

For refreshment
Hibiscus, Rosa canina, Rubus, Ribes, Vaccinium, Fragaria, Sideritis, Citrus, etc.
Processing of the MAPs and other
WGPs
The processing of WGPs covers few technology cycles that create semi-final
products offered mainly on the export markets. The collected and buy-out
WGPs exported are:
Wild mushrooms: Fresh and Chilled, Frozen, Dried, Brined and Fried
Berries: Fresh and Chilled, Frozen
Lichens: Dried
MAP: Dried parts.
Extracts or other herbal preparations are produced rarely!
There are mainly two lines in the WGP processing industry:
1. Frozen products
2. Dried products

Profile of the Macedonian WGP Value chain

USAID , AgBiz Program, 2008.
Manufacture of MAPs in Macedonia
More than 100 larger or smaller companies trade with plants, mainly export.

Only few companies manufacture plants in different products:

- The largest company with sector for medicinal and aromatic plants
(Botanicals) is Alkaloid AD Skopje. They produce herbal and medicinal teas
and traditional herbal medicines such as tinctures and syrups, rarely creams
and oils. Only few solid forms of herbal medicines are produced which means
capsules filled with plant extracts (with imported origin).
- There are several smaller factories for production of galenical medicinal
preparations and natural cosmetics!!!

Herbal medicinal
products and herbal and
food supplements are
mainly imported from
European countries, USA,
China, etc.
Research on MAPs
University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje
1. Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacognosy,
Svetlana Kulevanova, Ph.D., Professor. svku@ff.ukim.edu.mk
Gjoshe Stefkov, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, gstefkov@yahoo.com
Aneta Dimitrovska Ph.D., Professor. andi@ff.ukim.edu.mk
Tatjana Kadifkova Panovska, Ph.D., Assosiate Professor, taka@ff.ukim.edu.mk
Marija Karapandzova, Ph.D. student. Marija_Karapandzova@ff.ukim.edu.mk
Jelena Acevska Ph.D. student. jpetrusevska@yahoo.com

2. Faculty of Natural Science and Matematics, Institute of chemistry

Marina Stefova, Ph.D., Professor. mivanova@pmf.edu.mk
Jasmina Petreska, Ph.D. student, asistant.
Sonja Gadzovska, Ph.D., Asociate Professor.
Research interest of Pharmacognosy
group
Exploring MAPs (domestic and regional).
Inventorisation of MAPs (mapping and resource assessment)
Conservation of MAPs (in situ and ex situ)
Chemical characterization of MAPs

Natural products chemistry

Chemistry group
(essential oils and polyphenols in plants, fruits and food products)

Assessment of biological/pharmacological activity

Antioxidant activity (in vitro)
Antimicrobial activity (in vitro)
Anti-diabetic activity (in vivo)
Anti-lipidemic activity (in vivo)
Anti-inflamatory activity (in vivo)
Hepatoprotective activity (in vivo).
Research on MAPs (3)
Lamiaceae (1995-2006)
More than 50
Thymus sp. (20 sp.) published papers !!!
Teucrium spp.
Calamintha grandifolia (L.) Moench
Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi
Clinopodium vulgare L.
Acinos alpinus (L.) Moench
Satureja montana L.
Micromeria cristata (Hampe) Briseb.
Pharmacognosy and Taxonomy of the species of Lamiaceae in the flora of
Rebublic of Macedonia, (1994 1996), Institute of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of
Lavandula spp. Pharmacy, Skopje, Ministry of Science, R. of Macedonia.

Chemotaxonomy, phytochemistry and pharmacognosy of the species: Teucrium,

Calamintha, Acinos, Satureja, Clinopodium and Micromeria in the flora of
Republic of Macedonia, Ministry of Science, R. of Macedonia, 1999-2001.

Antioxidant activity of the plant species from Macedonian flora and their possible
use as hepatoprotective agents, Ministry of Science, R. of Macedonia, 2003-2006.
COST action 926: EU Commission, Brussels, 2005-2008. Impact of new
technologies on the health benefits and safety of bioactive plant compounds.
Research on MAPs (4)
Present interest:
Thymus spp. RoM, Kosovo, Albania
Salvia officinalis, Salvia spp.
Origanum vulgare, Origanum spp.
Sideritis scardica and S. raeseri, etc.
2007-2008 SEE-ERA.NET Research Project: EXPLORING THE MOLECULAR BIODIVERSITY
OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS. (Cooperation with Mediterranean Agronomic
Institute of Chania, Greece, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria). (main sp. Salvia).
2008-2010 SEEDNet Project GENETIC STRUCTURE OF DALMATIAN SAGE (Salvia officinalis
L.) Populations: A Model for a Collaborative Research on MAP Genetic Resouces. Financed by SIDA
(Swedish International Development Agency)
2005-2007 Chemical characterization of wild growing medicinal and aromatic plants of the Lamiaceae
family and evaluation of the possibilities for their cultivation (model plant Sideritis), Macedonian
Bulgarian bilateral project.

2010-2011 Conservation and Characterization of Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) wild population
in Europe, finance by ECPGR (bioversity), Medicinal and Aromatic Plants working group
2010-2012 SEE-ERA.NET Plus Joint Call: A model approach for the conservation and the
sustainable exploitation of the indigenous Sideritis spp. (Mountain tea) traditionally used in the
SEE, WB countries
2010-2012 SEE-ERA.NET Plus Joint Call ConSage; Conservation and utilization of the diversity of
sage species (Salvia spp.) traditional food preservatives and spices
Research on MAPs (5)
Publications on Sideritis (2006-2011)
Kostadinova E., Alpieva K., Stefova M., Antonova D., Evstatieva Lj., Matevski V., Kulevanova S. Stefkov Gj.,
Bankova V. (2007) Chemical comosition of the essenmtial oils of three Micromeria species growing in Macedonia
and Bulgaria. Maced. J.Chem. Chem. Ing. 26 (1): 3-7.
K. I. Alipieva, E. P. Kostadinova, L. N. Evstatieva, M. Stefova, V. S. Bankova, An iridoid and a flavonoid from
Sideritis lanata L., Fitoterapia, 80, 5153 (2009).
B. Quazimi, M. Karapandzova, G. Stefkov, S. Kulevanova, chemical composition of ultrasonic-assisted n-hexane
extracts of Sideritis scardica Griseb. and S. raeseri Boiss.&Heldr. (Lamiaceae) from Macedonia and Albania, Maced.
Pharm. Bull., 56 (1,2) 45-56, 2010.
K. Alipieva, J. Petreska, . Gil-Izquierdo, M. Stefova, L. Evstatieva, V. Bankova. Influence of the Extraction Method
on the Yield of Flavonoids and Phenolics from Sideritis spp. (Pirin Mountain tea): A Preliminary Study. Nat. Prod.
Communications (2009).
Jasmina Petreskaa, Marina Stefovaa, Federico Ferreresb, Diego. A. Morenob, Francisco. A. Toms-Barbernb, Gjose
Stefkovc, Svetlana Kulevanovac and Angel Gil-Izquierdob (2011) Dietary Burden of Phenolics Per Serving of
Mountain Tea (Sideritis) from Macedonia and Correlation to Antioxidant, Activity, Natural Product
Communication, 6: (9), 1305-1314.
Petreska J., Stefkov G., Kulevanova S., Alpieva K., Bankova V., Stefova M. (2011) Phenolic compounds of Mountain
tea from the Balkans: LC/DAD/ESI/MSn profile and content, Natural Product Communication, 6: 1-10.
Petreska J., Stefova M., Ferreres F., Moreno D.A., Tomas-Barberan F.A., Stefkov G., Kulevanova S., Gil-izquiredo A.
(2011) Potential bioactive phenolics of Macedonian Sideritis species used for medicinal Mountain tea. Food
Chemistry, 125: 13-20.
Jasmina Petreska, Gjoshe Stefkov, Svetlana Kulevanova, Kalina Alipieva, Vassya Bankova, Marina Stefova,
Distribution of bioactive flavonoids in Sideritis species used for medicinal mountain tea in the Balkan countries,
Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin 57 (suppl), 2011.
M. Spaseska, M. Karapandzova, B. Quazimi, G. Stefkov, T. Stafilov, K. Baceva, S. Kulevanova, The Content Of
Minerals In Herbs And Tea-infusions Of Mountain Tea (Sideritis Scardica And Sideritis Raeseri), Macedonian
Pharmaceutical Bulletin 57 (suppl), 2011.
Research on MAPs (6)
2004 - 2011
Teucrium polium anti-diabetic
Teucrium chamaedrys
Teucrium montanum
Centaurium erythrea
Vaccinium myrthilus
Vaccinium vitis-idaea
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

G. Stefkov, Pharmacognostical investigation of the species of Teucrium (Lsamiaceae) in the flora of R.

Macedonia, MSci. Thesis, Faculty of Pharmacy, UKIM, 2005.
G. Stefkov, Ethnopharmacology as a base for investigation of medicinal plants with antidiabetic
activity, Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Pharmacy, UKIM, 2011

Stefkov Gj., Jager A., Molgaard P., Josefsen K., Kulevanova S. (2007) In vitro investigation of the insulinotropic
effect of Teucrium polium extracts in INS-1E insulinoma cells, Maced. Pharm. Bull. 53: 306-307.
G. Stefkov, S. Kulevanova, B. Miova, S. Dinevska-Kjovkarovska, P. Molgaard, A. Jager, K. Josefsen, Effects of
Teucrium polium ssp. capitatum flavonoids on the lipid and carbohzdrate metabolism in rats, Pharmaceutical Biology,
2011.
Gjoshe Stefkov, Biljana Miova, Suzana Dinevska-Kjovkarovska, Jasmina Petreska, Marina Stefova, Gordana
Petrusevska, Svetlana Kulevanova, Antidiabetic and Antilipidemic Properties of Centaurim erythrea L.
(Gentianaceae), Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin 57 (suppl), 2011.
Research on MAPs (7)
Pinus peuce national level
Pinus nigra
Pinus silvestrys
Pinus mugo

Juniperus communis / Juniperus excelsa, J. sabina, J.oxycedrus, J. foetidisima.

2010-2012 Characterisation of chemical composition and biological activity of Pinus (Pinaceae) and Juniperus
(Cupressaceae) species from Mascedonian flora and evaluation of the possibilities of their medicinal or
commercial use, Ministry of Science and education of RoM.

M. Karapandzova, G. Stefkov, S. Kulevanova, Essential oil composition of Pinus peuce Griseb. (Pinaceae)
growing on Pelister Mtn, Republic of Macedonia, Maced. Pharm. Bull., 56 (1,2) 13-22, 2010.
Karapandzova M., Stefkov Gj., Trajkovska-Dokic E., Kadifkova Panovska T., Petrovski O., Kulevanova S. (2010)
Chemical composition of essential oil of Pinus peuce (Pinaceae) from Macedonia and its antimicrobial activity.
Planta Med. 76: 1298 (P424).
M Karapandzova, G Stefkov, E Trajkovska Dokik, T Kadifkova Panovska, A Kaftandzieva, S Kulevanova,
Chemical characterization and antimicrobial activity of the needle essential oil of Pinus mugo (Pinaceae) from
Macedonian flora, Planta Med 2011; 77. DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1282708 M. Karapandzova
M. Karapandzova, G. Stefkov, S. Kulevanova, Essential oils composition of Pinus peuce Griseb. (Pinaceae)
growing on Pelister Mtn., Republic of Macedonia Maced. pharm. bul., 56, 13-22, 2011.
Floresha Sela, Marija Karapandzova, Gjoshe Stefkov, Svetlana Kulevanova, Essential oil composition of
Macedonian juniper (Juniperus communis L., Cupressaceae) Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin 57 (suppl),
2011.
Research on MAPs (8)
Blueberries
Lj. Melovski, S. Hristovski, Gj.Stefkov, A. Jankovski, M.
Janchevska, Assessment of the blueberries production on
Osogovo Mtn. and recommendations for their sustainable use.
MES Report (2010).

(2010-2012) RESOUCE ASSESMENT OF BLUEBERRIES,

Colaboration with Institute of Botany and Ecological Association
of R. Macedonia

Papaver somniferum
2010-2013 first phase ALKMAF: Novel Perspectives of Poppy
utilization in R. Macedonia; Alkaloid AD Skopje & Center for Natural
Products Research Instutute of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy,
UKIM, Skopje.
Research on MAPs (9)
Antioxidant activity
2008-2011 CHROMLAB-ANTIOXIDANT (FP7, 204756) Reinforcement of the WBC Research
Capacities for Food Quality Characterization Prof. M. Stefova Coordinator.

2003-2006 Antioxidant activity of the plant species from Macedonian flora and their possible use as
hepatoprotective agents, Ministry of Science, R. of Macedonia,. COST action 926: EU
Commission, Brussels, 2005-2008. Impact of new technologies on the health benefits and safety of
bioactive plant compounds.

Kadifkova Panovska T., Kulevanova S. (2007) The in vitro effect of Micromria cristata extracts on microsomal lipid
peroxidation, 3rd International Conference on Polyphenols and health, Book of abstracts: P227.
Kulevanova S., Kadifkova Panovska T. (2007) Assesment of Micromeria cristata extracts as new potential sources of
natural antioxidants, 3rd International Conference on Polyphenols and health, Book of abstracts: P009.
Kadifkova Panovska T., Kulevanova S. (2005) Effect of some Teucrium species (Lamiaceae) on lipid peroxydation
in rat liver microsoms. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 14 (10): 957-959.
Kadifkova Panovska T., Kulevanova S., Stefova M. (2005) In vitro antioxidant activity of some Teucrium species
(Lamiaceae), Acta Pharm. 55: 207-214.
T. Kadifkova-Panovska, S. Kulevanova, I. Gorgoski, M. Bogdanova, G. Petrushevska, Hepatoprotective effect of the
ethyl acetate extract of Teucrium polium, L. against carbontetrachloride-induced hepatic injuri in rats, Acta Pharm.,
57 (2007) 241-248
Recent trends and future prospective
of Pharmacognosy group
A MODEL APPROACH FOR THE CONSERVATION AND THE SUSTAINABLE
EXPLOITATION OF THE INDIGENOUS SIDERITIS SPP. (MOUNTAIN TEA)
TRADITIONALLY USED IN THE SEE, WB COUNTRIES.
SEE-ERA.NET PLUS JOINT CALL - SEEERAPLUS (2011-12)
CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF THE DIVERSITY OF SAGE SPECIES (SALVIA
SPP.) TRADITIONAL FOOD PRESERVATIVES AND SPICES.
SEE-ERA.NET PLUS JOINT CALL SEEERAPLUS (2011-12)
RESOUCE ASSESMENT OF BLUBERRIES ON OSOGOVO MTN
COLABORATION WITH INSTITUTE OF BOTANY AND ECOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION
OF R. Macedonia (2010-2012)
CHARACTERIZATION OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
OF PINUS (PINACEAE) AND JUNIPERUS (CUPRESACEAE) SPECIES FROM
MACEDONIAN FLORA AND EVALUATION OF POSSIBILITIES FOR THEIR
MEDICINAL AND/OR COMMERCIAL USE , MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND
SCIENCE OF MACEDONIA (2010-2012)
FUTURE PERSPECITVES OF POPPY IN R. MACEDONIA
NATIONAL PROJECT FINANCED BY ALKALOID SKOPJE (2010-2020)
 Report of a Working
Group on Medicinal
and Aromatic Plants
23 ECPGR member countries:
Sixteen target species were identified:
1. Gentiana lutea
Second Meeting, 2. Gentiana punctata
2004, Strumica, Macedonia 3. Hypericum perforatum
Third Meeting, 2007,
Olomouc, Czech Republic
4. Origanum vulgare subsp. vulgare
5. Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum
6. Tanacetum corymbosum
Descriptors for the species 7. Tanacetum cinerariifolium
Genetic conservation programe 8. Tanacetum parthenium
9. Salvia officinalis
10. Sideritis scardica
11. Sideritis raeseri
12. Achillea millefolium agg.
13. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
14. Helichrysum italicum
15. Helichrysum spicatum
16. Satureja montana
 The priority list of species for development of
European MAP conservation strategies was
expanded for:
17. Artemisia absinthium,
18. Carum carvi,
19. Melissa officinalis,
20. Mentha spp.,
21. Thymus spp.

The criteria for selection of plant species included:

endangered plants,
most important plants in traditional use,
most economically important plants.
Recent trends and future prospective
of Pharmacognosy group (2)

Gentianaceae:
- Gentiana
- Gentianella
- Swertia
- Centaurium

The main potentially active components:

Flavonoids Iridoids Xanthones

Thank you for your
attention