Abstract:

The purpose of this experiment is to study the steady state and the time to the steady state. The
process has heating element controlled by a thyristor and air stream circulated by a centrifugal
fan along a steel tube. A temperature sensor type A PT-100 is provided to reveal the temperature
at one of three points along the tubes length. This provides a feedback signal for comparison
with a second value derived from another controller. The flow rate of air with different pressure
transducer was studied and steady state and time to steady state was also studied and graphically
plot.

Introduction:

The definition of process control is an engineering disciple that deals with architectures,
mechanisms and algorithms for maintaining the output of specific process within a desired range.
In other word it is a method used to control process variables when manufacturing products.

As for student, the process Control Simulator (Model: SE 201) has great impact on
demonstrate and provide students a hands on experience on control techniques. The unit will
simulate a process containing three first order lags, two of which are changeable to pure
integrators, plus an approximated distance velocity or transport lag. The process has three main
elements: the process trainer unit, the controller and the non-linear unit.

The controller consists of Proportional (P), Intergral (I), and Derivative (D) action times with
fast and slow speed. (PID controller) is a control loop feedback mechanism controller. Its
commonly used in the industrial control system. It calculate the error value as the difference
between a desired set point and a measured process variables.
The Process Control Simulator (Model: SE 201), can run three different control circuits:
temperature control and flow control and Cascade Control. The temperature process consists of a
heating element, a manual shutter and a fan. The temperature process is slow because of the system
dead time and time constant is large compared to the trainers flow control. The flow control is
consists of a speed controlled fan, the following process elements and air pipe. Its a quick control
system. The air flow is measured using flow sensor and transducer. In cascade control the
temperature and the flow are coupled. The flow control circuit is secondary to the temperature
control circuit. Flow controller is remotely controlled by a reference signal from temperature
controller.