Pile cap design (For three piles) Ref : A.H.

Allen P2 P3

2500

500
1500

Capacity of pile = 1450 kN A1

430
Depth of pile cap = 1400 mm

2300
870
Maximum restrictedload on column = 3900 kN A2 A2

500
(for three pile cap) P1
1000

Fig.1
However for design purpose consider 1450 kN as pile reaction.
Hence consider design point load at center pilecap as 4350kN in column with 3 pile cap
Maximum unfactored Axial load on 3- pile cap = 4350 kN
Maximum factored Axial load N = 6960 kN
(Consider conservatively factored load as 1.6 time unfactored load)
Clear cover = 100 mm
Spacing of pile 2l = 1800 mm
Pesestal size = 450 x 450 mm
2a = 450
Pile diameter = 600 mm
2
Grade of concrete,fcu = 40 N/mm
2
Grade of steel,fy (For Fe460 consider fy = 420) = 420 N/mm
Diameter of bar used = 20 mm
Effective depth ,d = 1290 mm
Tensile force on pile cap = (2*N * L) / (9 * d) (As per A.H.Allen)
= (269601800/2)/(91290)
T = 1079 kN (working load = 1079/1.6 = 675kN)
Ast Required = T / (0.87 x fy)
= (10791000)/(0.87420)
2
= 2953 mm
2
Ast min (for Fe460) - 0.13% = 1820 mm /m
No. of of bars required ( 20 dia ) = 9.4 Nos (x-direction)
2 (Along 2500mm width direction)
Provide 17 nos. Ast provided = 5341 mm
% of steel provided = 0.180 %
2 (Perpendicular to 2500mm width direction)
Provide 19 nos. Ast provided = 5969 mm
% of steel provided = 0.185 %
Provide 20 mm dia bar 125 mm C/C (along 2500mm width direction-Bottom)
Provided 2513 mm2/m > 1820 mm2/m (Ast,min) Provided ok
Provide 20 mm dia bar at 125 mm C/C (Perpendicular to 2500mm width direction-Bottom)
Provided 2513 mm2/m > 1820 mm2/m (Ast,min) Provided ok
Check for shear
i) Punching shear around the column perimeter
Maximum load on column = 6960 kN
Perimeter of column = 1800 mm
 Actual shear stress,v = (69601000)/(18001290)
2
Actual shear stress,v = 2.997 N/mm
2
Allowable shear stress for C40 grade ,vc = 5.0 N/mm Hence Safe
ii) Across the full width of the cap (One way shear stress, along piles P2 & P3)
Oneway shear shall be checked at 20% of pile dia. from the column face(refer A.H.Allen)
Since two piles are parallel to x-x axis,so shear along x-direction is critical
Maximum load on pile ( for two pile) = 1.6 x (1450x2) kN
4640 kN
Width of pile cap = 2500 mm
Actual shear stress,v = (46401000)/(25001290)
2
= 1.44 N/mm
2
Allowable shear stress,vc = 0.313 N/mm (As per table 3.8 BS 8110-1)
Enhancement factor = 2 x d /av
Distance from column face to 20% of pile dia,av = 345 mm (As per A.H.Allen)
Enhancement factor = 7.48
2
Shear stress,vc = 2.34 N/mm Hence Safe
(After enhancement)

iii) Across the full width of the cap (One way shear stress, along pile P1 parallel to x-x axis)
Maximum load on pile ( for one pile) = 1.6 x (1450) kN
2320 kN
Width of pile cap = 2300 mm
Actual shear stress,v = (23201000)/(23001290)
2
= 0.78 N/mm
2
Allowable shear stress,vc = 0.316 N/mm (As per table 3.8 BS 8110-1)
Enhancement factor = 2 x d /av
Distance from column face to 20% of pile ,av = 345 mm (As per A.H.Allen)
Enhancement factor = 7.48
2
Shear stress,vc = 2.36 N/mm Hence Safe
(After enhancement)