Entrance Exam - Important Questions and Answers, Study Material and Notes For All Subject - BrainKart

Botany : Entrance Exam Study
Material
PART -1
UNIT I. BIODIVERSITY
Taxonomy and Phylogeny -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Two Kingdom System of Classification -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
The Five Kingdom System of Classification -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Viruses - Introduction And General characteristics -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Viruses : Size, Shape And Structure of a Virus -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Classification of virus -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Lytic and Lysogenic Life cycle of a phage -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Plant viral disease : Bunchy top of banana, HIV, cancer, SARS Virion -- - -
Click Here for Key Answer
A new disease called SARS Virion -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Bacteria : Introduction, Occurrence, Size -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Classification of bacteria based on the shape and arrangement -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Flagellation in Bacteria -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Nutrition in Plant Bacteria -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Respiration in Plant Bacteria -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Reproduction of Bacteria -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Harmful activities of Bacteria in Plants, Animal, Human beings -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Beneficial Activities of Bacteria -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Fungi : Salient and Distinguishing Features, Structure, Nutrition,
Saprotrophs -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Fungai : Saprotrophs and Parasites -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Fungi Symbiosis -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Classification of Fungi -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Economic importance of Fungi : Useful and Harmful aspects of fungi -- - -
Mucor : Occurrence, Reproduction, Somatic structure -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Algae : Salient Features, Occurrence and Distribution, Thallus organization --
- - Click Here for Key Answer
Algae : Cell Structure & Pigmentation -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Algea : Arranagement of Flagella -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Algea Reproduction : 1. Vegetative 2. Asexual 3. Sexual -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Classification of Algea -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Economic Importance of Algae - Food, Agriculture, Industry, space travel,
Single cell protein, Sewage Disposal -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Harmful effects of Algae -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Spirogyra : Detail, Occurrence, Structure -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Algea : Reproduction -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Bryophytes : Salient and Distinguishing features of Bryophytes -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Bryophytes : Alternation of Generations -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Classification of Bryophyta -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Riccia And The structure of mature gametophyte -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Reproduction of Riccia -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Riccia - Fertilization, Sporophyte Generation -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Life cycle of Riccia -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Pteridophytes : Salient features and Salient features -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Characteristics of Pteridophytes and Economic importance -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Morphology of sporophyte -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Anatomy of Nephrolepsis -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Reproduction of Nephrolepsis -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Nephrolepsis : Fertilization -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Classification and Characteristic of Spermatophytes(Gymnosperms) -- - -
Salient features and Distinguishing features of Gymnosperms -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Cycas - Morphology of sporophyte -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Anatomy of Cycas -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Cycas - Reproduction -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT II. CELL BIOLOGY

A brief history about the discovery of cells -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Dynamic nature of cell , Difference Between Plant Cell And Animal cell -- - -
Development of Cell Theory And Exception to cell Theory -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
prokaryotic cell And Ultra structure of a prokaryotic cell -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Eukaryotes -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Different Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell (Plant Cells) -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Light Microscope and Electron Microscope (TEM - Transmission Electron
Microscopy & SEM - Scanning Electron Microscope ) -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Formation of the cell wall -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Structure of the cell wall -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Plasmodesmata, pits and Functions of cell wall -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Ultra structure of the cell membrane - Fluid mosaic Model, Lipids, Proteins --
Functions of plasma membrane -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Cell Membrane Transport -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
List of Plant Cell Organelles -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Plant Cell Nucleus And Functions of Plant Cell Nucleus -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Plant Cell Mitochondria - Power house of the cell -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Plant Cell Plastids - chloroplasts, chromoplasts and leucoplasts -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Plant Cell : Ribosomes -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Plant Cell Division - Cell Cycle 1.Amitosis 2.Mitosis 3. Meiosis -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Cell Division - Mitotic cell cycle : 1.Prophase 2. Metaphase 3.Anaphase 4.
Telophase -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Cell Division - Meiosis Cell Cycle : Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and
Telophase -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT III. PLANT MORPHOLOGY
Morphology of flowering plants or Angiosperms - short notes -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Plant - Root System : Regions of a typical root and General Characteristic
features of the root -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Types of Root System And Functions of roots -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Root Modifications for Taproot, adventitious roots -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Characteristic features and Functions of the stem -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Modifications of stem : 1. Aerial modifications 2. Sub aerial modifications 3.
Under ground modifications -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Parts of a Leaf : 1. Leaf base 2. Petiole 3. Lamina -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Leaf Venation - Reticulate, Parallel : Pinnately, Palmately -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Leaf Modification -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Inflorescence : Racemose, Cymose, Mixed and Special types -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
FLOWER - A Metamorphosed Shoot : Evidences to support that flower is a
modified shoot -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Description of a flower -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Types of Placentation : Axile,Marginal, Parietal, Basal, Superficial
Placentation -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Androecium And Gynoecium -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Plant Aestivation And Types of Aestivation -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Corolla : Shape of the petals in the corolla and Forms of Corolla -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Calyx : Variations and Duration of calyx -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
The receptacle (thalamus) : Variation of the Receptacle, Insertion of floral
leaves on the thalamus -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Parts of a flower -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Fruit : Types and Structure of fruit -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Simple fleshy fruits : baccate,drupaceous - Berry, Drupe, Hesperidium, Pepo,
Pomo -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Simple Dry Fruits - .1. Dehiscent 2. Schizocarpic 3. Indehiscent -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
aggregate and multiple or composite fruits -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Structure and Types of Seed -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Structure of gram seed -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Structure of Maize Grain -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT IV. GENETICS

GENETICS : Concept of Heredity and Variation -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Intermediate Inheritance (Incomplete Dominance) -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Epistasis - Gene Interaction -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Inheritance Laws of Mendel -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Biography of Mendel And Mendel's Experiments on Mendel's Laws of
Inheritance -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT V. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

Cell as a Physiological Unit -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Properties of Protoplasm : The Physical and Chemical Nature -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Cell - Water Relations -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Cells : Absorption and Movement Imbibition, Diffusion -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Demonstration of Osmosis - Potato Osmoscope -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Plasmolysis and Significance of Plasmolysis -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Plant Cells : Permeability and Water Potential -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Water Transport in Plant -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Transpiration Pull Theory in plant water transport -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Factors Affecting Rate of Transpiration in Plant -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Structure of Stoma and Mechanism of Stomatal Opening and Closing -- - -
Factors Affecting Stomatal Movement -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Functions of Minerals Nutrition -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Hydroponics - Advantages and Disavantagges of Hydroponics -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Essential Major Elements and Trace Elements for Plant -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Plant Physiological Role and Deficiency Symptoms of Mineral Elements -- -
- Click Here for Key Answer
Theories of Translocation for Plant : Passive absorption and Active
Absorption -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Plant Physiology : Translocation of Solutes -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Plant Physiology : Nitrogen Metabolism -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Plant Movements : Movements of locomotion and curvature -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Geotropism -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Phototropism And Turgor Growth Movements -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
UNIT VI. REPRODUCTION BIOLOGY

Reproduction in Angiosperms : Vegetative Propagation -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Natural Methods of Vegetative Propagation : Root, Stem, Leaves -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Advantages of Vegetative propagation -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Artificial Method of Vegetative Propagation : Cuttings, Grafting -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Reproduction in Angiosperm : Micropropagation -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Self Pollination - Sexual Reproduction : 1. autogamy 2. geitonogamy -- - -
Cross Pollination (Xenogamy, Allogamy) - Sexual Reproduction -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Development of male and female gametophyte -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Development of female gametophyte : Megasporophyll, Megasporangium or
ovule, Megasporogenesis -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Types of Plant Ovule -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Plant Reproduction : Double fertilization -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Development of dicot embryo -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Parthenogenesis and parthenocarpy -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Germination of Seed : Parts of Seed -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Process of seed germination -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Types of seed germination : Epigeal, Hypogeal germination, Vivipary -- - -
Factors necessary for seed gamination -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Abscission and Importance of Abscission -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
senescence : Types, Physiology , Importance of senescence -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
UNIT VII. ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY
Organisms and their Environment -- - - Click Here for Key Answer

Organisms : Environmental Climatic Factors -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Organisms : Environment : Edaphic Factors -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Organisms : Environmental factors - Climatic, Edaphic, Biotic -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Relationships among Organisms : Positive and Negative Interactions -- - -
Hydrophytes And Classification of Hydrophytes -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Morphological and Anatomical adaptations of Hydrophytes -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Xerophytes and Classification of Xerophytes -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Morphological, Anatomical and Physiological Adaptations of Xerophytes -- -
Mesophytes -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
natural resources and Types of natural resources -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Sources of Energy resources -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Conservation of Energy -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Forest Resources -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Social Forestry and Conservation of Forests -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Conservation of Water and Types of Harvesting Rainwater -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Part - 2
UNIT 1. TAXONOMY OF ANGIOSPERMS
TAXONOMY OF ANGIOSPERMS : Types of classification -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Biosystematics nomenclature -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Binomial nomenclature -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Herbaria and uses, Importance of Herbaria -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Bentham and Hooker s classification of plants : Dicotyledonae, Gymnospermae
and Monocotyledonae -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Merits and Demerits of Bentham and Hooker s classification of plants -- - -
DICOT FAMILIES : MALVACEAE - the cotton family -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Botanical description of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
FABACEAE the bean family -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Botanical description and Economical of Clitoria ternatea -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
RUBIACEAE the coffee family -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Botanical description and Economic Importance of Ixora coccinea -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
ASTERACEAE the sunflower family -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Botanical description and Economic importance of Tridax procumbens -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
SOLANACEAE the potato family -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Botanical description and Economic importance of Datura metal -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
EUPHORBIACEAE the castor family -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Botanical description and Economic importance of Ricinus communis -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
MUSACEAE - the banana family Systematic position -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Botanical description and Economical importance of Musa paradisiaca -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
ARECACEAE the palm family -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Botanical description and Economic importance of Cocos nucifera -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
UNIT 2. PLANT ANATOMY

Classification and Characteristics of meristematic cells -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Classification of permanent tissue : Simple and Complex tissue -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Permanent Simple tissue Types : parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma -- -
Permanent Complex tissue and Types : Xylem, Phloem -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Phloem : Sieve elements, Companion cells, Phloem parenchyma, Phloem fibres -- -
Epidermal tissue system and its functions -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Vascular tissue system -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Ground or fundamental tissue system -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Primary structure of monocotyledonous root - Maize root -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Primary structure of dicotyledonous root - Bean root -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Primary structure of monocot stem - Maize stem -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Primary structure of dicotyledonous stem - Sunflower stem -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Anatomy of a dicot leaf - Sunflower leaf -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Anatomy of a monocot leaf - Grass leaf -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Secondary growth in dicot stem -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT 3. CELL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS

Structure of chromosome -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Types of chromosomes -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Special types of chromosomes -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Gene and genome -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Linkage and crossing over -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Significance of crossing over and Uses of gene mapping -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Recombination of chromosome -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Gene mutation : Significance, Classification, Mutagenic agents -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Numerical and Structural chromosomal aberrations -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Numerical and Structural chromosomal aberrations -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Hereditary role of DNA Bacterial transformation -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Structure of DNA -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Function and Replication of DNA -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Structure of RNA and its types -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Characteristics of genetic code and Central dogma of molecular biology -- - -
UNIT 4. BIOTECHNOLOGY
Recombinant DNA technology -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Gene transfer in plants -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
How DNA is cut? -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Transgenic plants : foreign gene, Transgenic (modified) plants -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Practical application of genetic transformation -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Use of genetically engineered bacterial strain -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Concept of Plant tissue culture -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Applications of plant tissue culture -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Basic techniques of plant tissue culture -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Protoplast fusion : Isolation of protoplast - Mechanical and Enzymatic method -- -
Single cell protein (SCP) -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT 5. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

Enzymes : Classification, Properties of Enzymes -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Theories explaining the mechanism of enzyme action -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Significance of photosynthesis -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Site of photosynthesis -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Photochemical and biosynthetic phases, Mechanism of photosynthesis -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
EXPERIMENTS ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS : 1.Ganong s light screen 2.Test tube
and funnel experiment -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Plant Mode of nutrition -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Chemosynthesis - Chemosynthetic autotrophs and heterotrophs -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Plant Respiration and structure of ATP -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Plant Respiration : Glycolysis -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Plant Respiration : Krebs cycle and Significance of Krebs cycle -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Plant Respiration : Electron transport chain -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Plant Respiration : Pentose phosphate pathway -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Kuhne s fermentation tube experiment -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Plant growth and Measurement of plant growth -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
auxins and Physiological effects of auxin -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Gibberellins and Physiological effects of gibberellin -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Physiological effects of cytokinin, ethylene, abscisic acid -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Photoperiodism and vernalization -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT 6. BIOLOGY IN HUMAN WELFARE

BIOLOGY IN HUMAN WELFARE : Food production -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Plant breeding : Aims, Major Aspects of plant breeding -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Plant Breeding : Selection -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Plant Breeding : Hybridization, Mutation breeding -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Plant breeding : Genetic engineering -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Role of biofertilizers and Benefits from biofertilizers -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Plant Disease in Rice - Oryza sativa -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Plant Tikka disease in Groundnut or peanut - Arachis hypogea -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Citrus canker and Tungro disease of rice -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Biopesticides and Biocontrol of insect pests -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Genetically modified food : Edible, Edible, Edible antibodies -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Bio-war -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Bio-piracy -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Bio-patent -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Sustained agriculture -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Medicinal plants including microbes -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Commonly available medicinal plants and microbes -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Economic importance Plants : Food, Rice, Oil, Fibre, Timber yielding plant -- - -
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Chemistry : Entrance Exam Study
Material
Inorganic Chemistry
UNIT 1. Chemical Calculations
Chemical Calculations : Formula Weight (FW) or Formula Mass -- - - Click

Here for Key Answer
Mole Concept and Molar Mass with Example Problems -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Converting Grams of Substances to Moles and Grams with Solved Problems -
- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Calculation of Empirical Formula from Quantitative Analysis and Percentage
composition -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Stoichiometry Equations -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Rules for writing stoichiometric equations -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Balancing chemical equation in its molecular form -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
General Rules for assigning Oxidation Number to an atom -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Balancing Redox reaction by Oxidation Number Method -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Methods of Expressing the concentration of solution -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Volumetric Analysis - Law with Solved problem -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Determination of equivalent masses of elements -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Equivalent mass of acid, base, salt, oxidising agent and reducing agent -- - -
Determination of Molecular Mass Victor-Meyer's Method -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Calculations based on Principle of Volumetric Analysis -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
UNIT 2. General Introduction to Metallurgy

Metallurgy - Ores and Minerals -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Sources from earth, living systems and in sea -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Metallurgy - Purification of ores -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Metallurgical processes -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Metallurgy - Purification of metals -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT 3. Atomic Structure I

Rutherford s Scattering Experiment -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Defects of Rutherford s model -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Postulates of Bohr s model of an atom -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Limitation of Bohr s Theory -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Electronic configuration and quantum numbers -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Shapes or boundary surfaces of Orbitals -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Pauli s exclusion principle and Uses -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Hund s rule of maximum multiplicity -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Aufbau Principle -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Stability of orbitals -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT 4. Periodic Classification I

Brief history of periodic classification -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Earlier periodic classification -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Modern Periodic Law -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
IUPAC Nomenclature for Elements with Z greater than 100 -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Electronic configuration and periodic table -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Types of elements: s-, p-,d-, f- Blocks -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Atomic and ionic radii -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Variation of Ionization Energy in the periodic Table -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Factors Influencing Ionization Enthalpy -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Electron affinity -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Electronegativity -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Anomalous periodic properties in terms of screening constant, stability etc. -- -
UNIT 5. Group 1 s-Block elements

The structure of the three isotopes of hydrogen -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Deuterium: Methods of Preparation, properties and Uses -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Tritium - preparation, Properties, Uses -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Ortho and Para hydrogen: Conversion and Properties -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Heavy water: Preparation, Principle, Properties, Important reactions, Uses --
Hydrogen peroxide: Preparation, Properties, reactions, Uses -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Liquid hydrogen as a fuel -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Alkali Metals: General characteristics, Physical Properties -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Lithium : Extraction, Physical and Chemical Properties, Uses -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Sodium: Extraction, Physical and Chemical Properties, Uses -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
UNIT 6. Group 2 s-Block elements

Group 2 s - Block Elements -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Magnesium: Important Ores, Metallurgy, Properties, Uses -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Compounds of alkaline earth metals -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT 7. p-Block elements

p-Block Elements - General Characteristics -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Group 13 - Boron Group (B, Al, Ga, In, Tl): Extraction, Properties -- - -
Carbon group elements: properties, Structure, Uses -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Structure of Diamond, Graphite, Buckminster fullerenes -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Metallic character of Carbon group elements -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Nitrogen Group -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Nitric acid: Preparation, Properties -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Importance of molecular oxygen -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Oxygen: Oxides Classification -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Ozone: Laboratory preparation, Properties, Uses, structure, layer -- - -
Factors affecting ozone layer -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT 8 : Atomic Structure - II

Chronology Of Atomic Structure -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Dual Property of an Electron -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Difference between a particle and a wave -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Experiments to prove particle and wave property of Electrons -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
The Uncertainty Principle -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
de-Broglie Relation and Significance of de-Broglie waves -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
The Wave Nature Of Electrons -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Shapes of orbitals: s, p, d Shapes -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Molecular Orbital Theory: Energy level diagram for molecular orbitals -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Electronic configuration of a molecule and its correlation with molecular
behaviour -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Molecular orbital energy level diagrams -Hydrogen, Hypothetical, Nitrogen,
Oxygen -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Hybridization : Salient Features, Type, Example -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Importance, Strength, Types of Hydrogen bonds - Intermolecular Forces -- - -
UNIT 9 : Periodic Classification - II

Review Of Periodic Properties -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Calculation Of Atomic Radius (Covalent Radius) -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Calculation of ionic radii - Pauling's Method, Slater rules -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Factors governing ionization energy -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Electron Affinity or Electron gain enthalpy (E.A.) -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Factors affecting electron affinity -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Electronegativity Scales -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Applications of electronegativity -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT 10 : p - Block Elements

General characteristics of p-block elements -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Electronic configuration of the Boron family elements -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Group - 14 Elements - The Carbon Family -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Silicones - structure and uses -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Metallurgy of Lead: Ores, Properties, Extraction, Purification, Uses -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Group - 15 Elements - The Nitrogen Family -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Compounds of Phosphorus -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Halides of Phosphorus: Phosphorus TrichlorideII. Phosphorus pentachloride -
Preparation, properties, Structure -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Oxides of phosphorus: Preparation, properties, Structure -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Oxy-Acids of Phosphorus: Preparation, properties, Structure -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Phosphine - PH3: Preparation, properties, Structure -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Group 16 The 'Oxygen' Family -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Group 17 - The Halogen Family -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Anamalous Nature of Fluorine -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Isolation, Physical, Chemical Properties, Uses Of Fluorine -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Structures of interhalogen compounds -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Group 18 Noble Gases Or Inert Gases -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Isolation Of Noble Gases: Ramsay - Raleigh's and Dewar's Method -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Uses Of Noble Gas -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT 11 : d - Block Elements

Classification and Electronic configuration of d-block Elements -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
General characteristics of d-block elements -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Copper: Occurrence, principles of extraction, Properties and Uses -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Chromium: Occurrence, principles of extraction, Properties, Uses and alloys -- - -
Zinc: Occurrence, principles of extraction, Properties and Uses -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
silver: Occurrence, principles of extraction, Properties and Uses -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Gold: Occurrence, principles of extraction, Properties and Uses -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Extraction from Gold Ores - Mac Arthur Forrest Cyanide Process -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Potassium dichromate: Preparation, Properties and Uses -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Copper Sulphate or Blue vitriol: Preparation, Properties and Uses -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Silver nitrate or Lunar caustic: Preparation, Properties and Uses -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Zinc carbonate and Purple of cassius: Preparation, Properties and Uses -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
UNIT 12 : f - Block Elements

General Characteristics of f-block elements and extraction -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
General properties of Lanthanides -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
General Properties of Actinide Series -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Comparison of Lanthanides and Actinides -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Uses of Lanthanides and actinides -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Simple salt and Molecular (or) addition compounds -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
UNIT 13 : Coordination Compounds and Bio-

Coordination Compounds
Terminology Used In Coordination Chemistry -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
IUPAC Nomenclature Of Mononuclear Coordination Compounds -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Types of Isomerism: Structural and Stereo isomerism -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Theories Of Coordination Compounds: Werner's theory, Valence bond theory -- -
Uses of coordination compounds -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Bio Coordination Compounds aemoglobin, Chlorophyll -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
UNIT 14 : Nuclear Chemistry

Nuclear Chemistry - Indroduction -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Difference between chemical reactions and nuclear reactions -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Type Of Nuclear Reaction -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Radiocarbon Dating and Uses -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Uses Of Radioactive Isotopes -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Physical Chemistry
UNIT 15. Solid state I
Crystalline solids and Amorphous solids -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Difference between Crystalline and Amorphous Solids -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Characteristic parameters and seven classes of unit cell -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Miller Indices -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT 16. Gaseous state I

Properties of gases -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
The gas laws: Boyle's law and Charle's Law -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Numerical values of gas constant (R) -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Dalton's law of partial Pressures -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Graham's Law of Diffusion -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Causes for deviation of real gas from ideal behaviour -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Vanderwaal's Equation of state : Units, Significance, Limitations -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Gaseous state - Critical phenomena -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Joule-Thomson Effect and Inversion temperature (Ti) -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Conditions of liquefaction of gases: Linde's Method, Claude's process -- - -
UNIT 17. Chemical Bonding

Elementary theories on Chemical Bonding -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Kossel-Lewis approach to Chemical Bonding -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Ionic (or) Electrovalent bond -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Lattice energy and Born - Haber's cycle -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Determination and Calculation of lattice enthalpy of NaCl -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Properties of electrovalent (or) ionic compounds -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Covalent bond: Lewis dot structure and Double bond formation -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Characteristics of covalent compounds -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Fajan's rules: Covalent character of ionic bonds -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Polarity of Covalent Bonds -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR) Theory -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Directional Properties of Covalent Bonds -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Theory of Hybridisation -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Chemical Bonding: Concept of Resonance -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Co-ordinate-covalent bonding or Dative bonding -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
UNIT 18. Colligative Properties

Colligative Properties and its Scope -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Lowering of Vapour Pressure -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Raoult's Law and Dynamic method (or) Ostwald - Walker method -- - -
Depression of freezing point of dilute solution -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Measurement of freezing point depression by Beckmann method -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Elevation of boiling point of dilute solutions and Cottrell's Method -- - -
Osmosis in solution -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Determination of molecular weight and osmotic pressure by Berkley-Hartley
method -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Abnormal Colligative Properties -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT 19. Thermodynamics I
Introduction and Terminology used in Thermodynamics -- - - Click Here for

Key Answer
Thermodynamics: State functions of a system -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Thermodyanamic processes -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Different between Exothermic and endothermic processes -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Thermodynamics: Difference between Irreversible and Reversible process -- -
Nature of thermodynamic functions -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Zeroth law of thermodynamics or Thermal equilibrium -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Thermodynamics: Work, heat and energy -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
First law of thermodynamics -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Relation between enthalpy `H' and internal energy `U' -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Thermochemical equations -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Enthalpy of combustion - Bomb calorimeter -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Enthalpy of neutralisation -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT 20. Chemical Equilibrium I

Scope and Nature of Chemical Equilibrium -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Dynamic Equilibrium: Characteristics, Equilibrium in physical and chemical
processes -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Law of chemical equilibrium and equilibrium constant with example -- - -
Formation of HI from H2 and I2 - Equilibrium constants in terms of degree of
dissociation -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Dissociation of PCl5 - Equilibrium constants in terms of degree of
dissociation -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Characteristics of Equilibrium constant -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Heterogeneous equilibria -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT 21. Chemical Kinetics I

Scope of chemical kinetics -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Rate of chemical reactions -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Factors influencing reaction rates -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Chemical Kinetics: Unit of rate constant -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Molecularity of the reaction -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Classification of rates based on the order of the reaction -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Characteristics of organic compounds -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Purification of Organic compounds: Crystallisation -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Sublimation - Purification of Organic compounds -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Methods for the purification of liquids Distillation -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Chromatography and Different Chromatographic Techniques -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
UNIT 22 : Solid State - II

Types of Cubic System -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Bragg's Equation and spectrometer method -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Types Of Crystals -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Imperfections In Solids -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Super conductors property of Crystalline solids -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Glasses - Amorphous solids -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT 23 : Thermodynamics - II
Limitations Of First Law Of Thermodynamics -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Second law of thermodynamics -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Entropy And Entropy Change -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Characteristics of entropy 'S' -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Gibbs free energy 'G' and Standard free energy (G) -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Characteristics of Free energy 'G' -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Le Chatelier's Principle: Haber's and Contact Process -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
UNIT 24 : Chemical Equilibrium II

Attainment Of Equilibrium In Chemical Reactions -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Le Chatelier's Principle: Haber's and Contact Process -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
UNIT : 25 Chemical Kinetics II

Rate And Order Of A Reaction -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Rate equation for first order reactions -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Pseudo-First Order Reactions -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Determination of rate constant of acid catalysed hydrolysis of an ester -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Temperature Dependance Of Rate Constant -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Simple And Complex Reactions : Difference and Types -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
UNIT : 26 Surface Chemistry

Classification, Factors affecting of adsorption of gases on solids -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
General characteristics and Types of catalytic reactions -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Types of catalysts -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Theories Of Catalysis -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Colloids and Types of Colloids -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Preparation Of Colloids : Dispersion and Condensation method -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Purification Methods Of Sols -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Properties of Colloids -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Natural and Technical Applications Of Colloids -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Emulsions and Types of emulsions -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT : 27 Electro Chemistry I
Electro Chemistry: Conductors , Insulators And Semi Conductors -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Theory Of Electrolytic Conductance -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Postulates of Arrhenius Theory -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Evidences of Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Ostwalds dilution law for weak electrolytes -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Faradays Laws Of Electrolysis -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Electrical Conductance Quantities -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Variation Of Equivalent Conductance With Concentration -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Kohlraushs Law - Application with example -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Ionic Product Of Water : The pH of solutions -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Buffer Solutions -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and its Significance -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Selection of pH indicators and Titration -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Ostwalds theory and Quinonoid Theory -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT : 28 Electro Chemistry II

Electrochemistry Cells and Daniel cell -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Electro Chemistry - Cell Terminology -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Single Electrode Potential -- - - Click Here for Key Answer


Economics : Entrance Exam Study
Material
Part -1
UNIT : 1 Economic Growth and Development

Indian Economy : Economic Growth and Development -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Characteristics of underdeveloped countries -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Role of the State in Economic Development -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Rostows Stages of Economic Growth -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT : 2 Population
Population and Factors determining population growth -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Causes of Population Explosion -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Population Explosion as an obstacle to Economic Development -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Steps to check rapid growth of population -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Theories of Population : Malthusian, Demographic Transition -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Census and The Use of Population Census -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Population growth in India and National Population Policy 2000 - Measures, Action
Plans -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT : 3 Poverty and Unemployment

Definitions of Poverty -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Types of poverty -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Poverty Line and Characteristics of Poor Households -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Causes of Poverty in India -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Land Reforms in India -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Unemployment -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Measures to Solve Unemployment Problem in India -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT : 4 National Income

Definitions of National Income -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Basic Concepts of National Income - GNP, GDP, GNI, NNP, NNI, PCI -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Circular Flow of Income and Need for the Study of National Income -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Methods of Calculating National Income -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Problems in calculating National Income -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
National Income Series in India -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT : 5 Economic Planning

Meaning and Need for Economic Planning and Laissez faire -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Characteristics of Economic Planning -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Types of Planning -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Evolution and Objectives of Planning in India -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
National Income - Hindu rate of growth -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Ninth(9th) Five Year Plan (1997 2002) - India -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Tenth(10th) Five Year Plan (2002 2007) - India -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT : 6 Agriculture
Role of Agriculture in Economic Development -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Relationship between Agricultural and non-agricultural sector -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Components of Agricultural Growth -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Agricul.tural Crops and Cropping Pattern -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Importance of agricultural marketing -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Nature and Causes of food problem in India -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Food policy of Government of India -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Public Distribution System (PDS) -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Agricultural Price Policies of the Government - India -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Trends of Agricultural Productivity in India -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT : 7 Industrial Sector

Need for Industrialisation -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Patterns of Industrial Development -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Significance of Public Sector -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Pattern of Indian Industrial Growth - Textiles, Cement, Sugar, Steel Industry -- - -
Indian Industrial Policies -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
New Industrial Policy 1991 - India -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Liberalization and Privatization -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Environmental Hazards -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Role of Small Scale Industries in Economic Development -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
UNIT : 8 Banking
Indian Economy :History of Banking -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Definition of Banking -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Role of Banks in economic development -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Commercial Banks and Functions of Commercial Banks -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
central bank - Definition, Functions -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Methods of credit control employed by the central bank -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Nationalisation of Banks -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT : 9 Foreign Trade

Foreign Trade : Globalization, Liberalization -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Foreign Investment -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Evolution of Trade from barter system to money economy -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Need for International Trade -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Contribution of foreign trade to economic development -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
International Monetary Fund (IMF) -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Trends in Foreign Trade -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Volume of Indias foreign trade -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Composition and Direction of Trade - Export, Imports of India -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Balance of Trade and Balance of Payment -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
The Role of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
World Trade Organization (WTO) and Major Functions -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Special Action Programme (SAP) and Structural Adjustment Facility (SAF) -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
IFC, IDA, MIGA -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT : 10 Human Resource Development

Human Resource Development -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
HRD and Economic Development -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Educational Development in India since 1951 -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Educational progress in Tamil Nadu -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Non - Formal Education (NFE) and Adult Literacy -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Early childhood care and education programme in India -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
UNIT : 11 Statistical Analysis and Measures of Central

Tendency
Statistical Analysis and Measures of Central Tendency -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Statistical Analysis : Classification of Data -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Difference between classification and Tabulation -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Types of Diagrams : 1.Bar chart 2.Pie chart 3.Pictograms or cartograms -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Part 2
UNIT : 1 Nature and Scope of Economics

Nature and Scope of Economics -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Definitions of Economics -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Adam Smiths Definition (Wealth Definition) -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Alfred Marshalls Definition (Welfare Definition) -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Lionel Robbins definition (Scarcity Definition) -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Samuelsons Definition (Modern Definition of Economics) -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
UNIT : 2 Basic Economic Problems

Main Divisions of Economics -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Economics : positive or normative science ? -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Economics in relation to other social sciences -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Economics and Politics , Economics and History -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Economics and Ethics , Economics and psychology -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Economics, mathematics and statistics -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Economics as a science -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Methods of Economic Analysis -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Economic Laws and Importance of Economic Laws -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Characteristics and Classification of Wealth -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Goods -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Income and Types of Income -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Economics : Value and Price -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Markets and Classification of Markets -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Importance of Economics -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Basic Economic Problems and Economic Systems -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Capitalist Economy : salient features, Merits and Disadvantages -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Socialist Economy : salient features, Merits and Disadvantages -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Mixed Economy : salient features, Merits and Demerits -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Production Possibility Curve -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT : 3 Theory of Consumer Behaviour

Theory of Consumer Behaviour -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Economics - Consumer Behaviour - Characteristics of wants -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Economics - Consumer Behavior - Classification of Wants -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Concept of Utility - Total, Marginal Utility -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility(DMU) - Definition, Explanation, Importance, Criticism -
Law Of Equi-Marginal Utility - Definition, Explanation, Importance, Criticism -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Limitations of the Equi-Marginal Utility Law -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Importance of Equi-Marginal Utility Law -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Consumers surplus - Definition, Explanation, Importance, Criticism -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Indifference Curve Approach - Definition, Schedule, curve, map -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
UNIT : 4 Demand and Supply

Law of Demand with Schedule and curve -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Exceptions to the Law of Demand -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Factors determining demand -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Elasticity of Demand and Types of Elasticity of Demand -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Importance of Elasticity of demand -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Factors determining supply -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Elasticity of supply : concept, Types, Factors determining -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
UNIT : 5 Equilibrium Price

Equilibrium Price -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Shift in Demand and Supply -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Economics : Time Periods and Price Fixation -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT : 6 Production
Production -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Factors of production : Land, Labour, Capital and Organisation -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Forms of Capital and Characteristics of capital -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Labour : Characteristics and Division of Labour -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Identifying the optimum combination of factors of production -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Short-run and Long-run production function -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Short-run production function - The law of variable proportions -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Long-run production function - Increasing, Constant, Decreasing Returns to Scale -- - -
Characteristics of an isoquant -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Producers Equilibrium and The Cobb Douglas Production Function -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Economies of Scale - Internal - Internal, External economies -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
UNIT : 7 Cost and Revenue

Cost function, concepts and classifications -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Short run average cost curves - Average Fixed, Average variable and Average Total
Cost -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Marginal Cost -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Long run Average Cost Curve (LAC) -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Accounting Cost and Economic cost -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Concepts Of Revenue - Average, Marginal Revenue(AR,MR) -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Measurement of Profit -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT : 8 Market Structure and Pricing

Meaning, Definition and Characteristics of Market -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Classification of Markets according to Area, time, Competition -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Features and Conditions of perfect competition -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Nature of Revenue curves -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Monopoly : Characteristics and Causes -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Monopoly : Price and Output Determination - Advantages, Disadvantages -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Methods of Controlling Monopoly -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Definition and Conditions of Price Discrimination -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Characteristics of Monopolistic Competition -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Determination of Equilibrium price and output under monopolistic competition -- - -
Wastages of Monopolistic competition -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Characteristics of Oligopoly -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT : 9 Marginal Productivity Theory of Distribution

Marginal Productivity Theory of Distribution -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
The Ricardian theory of Rent -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Modern Theory of Rent and Quasi-Rent -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Theories of wages -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Early theories of wages -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Recent Theories of wages -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Theories of Interest -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Loanable funds theory (Neo classical theory) of Interest -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Liquidity preference theory (Keynesian theory) of interest -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Rent theory of profits -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT : 10 Simple Theory of Income Determination

Simple Theory of Income Determination -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Says Law of Market -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Keynesian Theory of Income Determination -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Keynesian Theory Aggregate Demand : Consumption Function -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Keynesian Theory Aggregate Demand : Inducement to invest (Investment function) -- -
Rate of interest: Liquidity Preference Theory -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Functions of Money -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Economics : Importance of Money -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Money supply and Reserve Money of India -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT : 11 Monetary Policy
Monetary Policy of India -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Monetary Transmission -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Economics : Inflation and Deflation, Types of Inflation -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Effects of changes in prices -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Definition of Fiscal Policy or public finance -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Subject matter of public finance(Fiscal Policy) -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Meaning and definition of a tax -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Canons of Taxation -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Kinds or Types of tax -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Meaning, Definition and Kinds(Types) of Budget -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT : 12 Fiscal Policy

Fiscal policy - Meaning, Objectives, Limitations of Fiscal policy -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer


Geography : Entrance Exam Study
Material
Part 1
UNIT I : EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE

Lesson 1. Human and their Environment
Human and their Environment -- - - Key Answer
The impacts of science technology and industrialization on environment -- - - Key
Answer
Earth System Science -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 2. Earth System Science

The Earth system -- - - Key Answer
The Planetary System and The Solar System -- - - Key Answer
UNIT II : ABIOTIC COMPONENTS

Lesson 3. Lithosphere and Tectonic Plates
Lithosphere and tectonic plates -- - - Key Answer
Lithosphere : Convergent Boundary -- - - Key Answer
The Continents and its features -- - - Key Answer
Classification of Rocks : Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic rocks -- - - Key Answer
Weathering and Products of Weathering -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 4. Hydrosphere and Currents

Hydrosphere : Sea and Ocean Differance -- - - Key Answer
Ocean Floor topography -- - - Key Answer
Ocean Wave, The Currents : 4 currents of North Atlantic Ocean Gyre -- - - Key Answer
E1 Nino years and La Nino years -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 5. Atmosphere and Solar Radiation

Atmosphere and Solar Radiation -- - - Key Answer
Layers of the Atmosphere -- - - Key Answer
Ozone - Depleting Substances and Urban heat islands -- - - Key Answer
UNIT III : BIOTIC COMPONENTS

Lesson 6. Nutrient Cycles and Ecosystems
Nutrient cycles and ecosystems -- - - Key Answer
The Carbon Cycle -- - - Key Answer
The Nitrogen Cycle -- - - Key Answer
The Phosphorous Cycle -- - - Key Answer
Major Components of an Ecosystem and Ecosystem Types -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 7. The Biomes : Natural and Agricultural

Natural Biomes : Forests, Grasslands, Deserts, Tundra -- - - Key Answer
Agricultural Biome : 1.Nutrients 2.Seeds: 3.Water 4.Agri Chemical Products -- - - Key
Answer
Lesson 8. Ecosystem Management and Conservation

Ecosystem - Concept Maps -- - - Key Answer
Ecosystem management and conservation : Current Extinction Rates -- - - Key Answer
Part - 2
PART - I : THEORY
BIOSPHERE
UNIT - I
Lesson : 1. Plants, Animals and Humans
Biosphere : Plants and Animals, The Biomes -- - - Key Answer
The forest biomes : Coniferous, Temperate, Tropical forests -- - - Key Answer
Temperate And Tropical Grassland Biomes -- - - Key Answer
Cold and Tropical deserts Biomes -- - - Key Answer
Harvesting Forests and Shrinking Forests -- - - Key Answer
Sea Ecosystems -- - - Key Answer
Lesson : 2. The Human Potential

Human Evolution and Human Civilisations -- - - Key Answer
Growth, Distribution and Density -- - - Key Answer
Structure, Composition and Population Explosion -- - - Key Answer
Malthus Population Theory and Marxs Ideas on Population -- - - Key Answer
UNIT - II
HUMAN - MADE ECOSYSTEMS - I
Lesson : 3. Settlement Systems
Human-made ecosystems : settlement systems -- - - Key Answer
Classification of Settlements -- - - Key Answer
Urban Growth and Problems -- - - Key Answer
Central Place Theory -- - - Key Answer
Lesson : 4. Industrial Systems

Classification of Industrial systems -- - - Key Answer
Industrial System : Functional Characteristics and linkage -- - - Key Answer
Factors of Industrial Location -- - - Key Answer
Theory of Industrial Location : Webers Theory of Location -- - - Key Answer
Lesson : 5. Trade Systems

Role of Geographical Factors in Trade -- - - Key Answer
Geographical and Stage of Technological Development -- - - Key Answer
Geographical Trade Types -- - - Key Answer
Geographical Trade Blocs -- - - Key Answer
Benefits from Trade Blocs and Trade Trap and the Fall of Markets -- - - Key Answer
UNIT - III
HUMAN - MADE ECOSYSTEMS - II
Lesson : 6. Transport and Communication Systems
Human-made ecosystems : Transport and communication systems -- - - Key Answer
Human-made ecosystems : Transport Systems and Transport Types -- - - Key Answer
Transport Types and Classification : Road, Train, Sea, Air -- - - Key Answer
The Cargo Traffic -- - - Key Answer
Ecosystems : Information and Communication Systems : Technological, Technical
Development -- - - Key Answer
Importance of Information Technology -- - - Key Answer
Communication Revolution -- - - Key Answer
Lesson : 7. Space Technologies

Remote Sensing Systems : Types and Uses -- - - Key Answer
Classification of Satellite Remote Sensing : Geo, Sun, Spy Satellites -- - - Key Answer
Elements of Remote Sensing Systems -- - - Key Answer
Uses of Remote Sensing -- - - Key Answer
Indian Space Programme -- - - Key Answer
Water, a Valuable Resource -- - - Key Answer
Water: Quantity and Quality -- - - Key Answer
Quantity of Water -- - - Key Answer
Quality of Water -- - - Key Answer
Water Based, Related and Waterborne Diseases -- - - Key Answer
Water Supply and Demand and Drinking Water Scarcity -- - - Key Answer
UNIT - IV
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATIONS / MANAGEMENT
Lesson : 8. Global Freshwater
Global freshwater : Urbanisation -- - - Key Answer
Global fresh water : Industrialisation -- - - Key Answer
Land and Water Pollution -- - - Key Answer
Water Ethics and Management, Irrigation, Political Dimension -- - - Key Answer
Water Management and Basin Management -- - - Key Answer
Water Supply and Sanitation -- - - Key Answer
Disaster, Hazard and Vulnerability, the Meaning -- - - Key Answer
Resilience and Emergency -- - - Key Answer
Lesson : 9. Natural Disasters

Disaster Management, Mitigation and Prevention -- - - Key Answer
Earthquakes and Landslides -- - - Key Answer
The Turkey Earthquake 1999 -- - - Key Answer
Disasters and Health Epidemic, Emergency Response to Disasters -- - - Key Answer
Global Warming -- - - Key Answer
Floods as Hazard and Major Flood Disasters in world -- - - Key Answer
Flood Warning and Emergency Planning -- - - Key Answer
Desertification -- - - Key Answer
Advancing Deserts of the World -- - - Key Answer
Programmes and Projects - Desertification and Drought in India -- - - Key Answer
Lesson : 10. Conservation and Resource Management
Conservation and resource management -- - - Key Answer
History of Conservation and Resource Management -- - - Key Answer
History of Conservation and Resource Management In the mid-20th century -- - - Key
Answer
Water Resources Management and Conservation Techniques -- - - Key Answer
Rainwater Harvesting and Techniques -- - - Key Answer
Inter-State River Linkages -- - - Key Answer
PART - II : PRACTICALS
UNIT - V
MAP INTERPRETATION AND SURVEYING
Lesson : 11. Map Interpretation
Map interpretation : Basic Map Components (Parts) -- - - Key Answer
Map interpretation : Basic Principles of Map Reading -- - - Key Answer
Suggested, Sequential Learning of Map Skills -- - - Key Answer
Weather Maps and Images Interpretation -- - - Key Answer
Map Symbols for Weather and Clouds -- - - Key Answer
Weather Maps : Winds - Low, High -- - - Key Answer
Weather Forecasting and its Methods -- - - Key Answer
Lesson : 12. Surveying

Surveying : Definition, Types, Uses and Importance of Surveying -- - - Key Answer
Prismatic Compass -- - - Key Answer
Procedure for Undertaking Prismatic Compass Survey -- - - Key Answer
Indian Clinometer Survey -- - - Key Answer
UNIT - VI
GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Lesson : 13. Database Management Systems and
Geographical Information systems
What is Geographical Information System? -- - - Key Answer
Database Management Systems - Databases -- - - Key Answer
Applications of Geographical Information Systems -- - - Key Answer
Lesson : 14. Global Positioning Systems

Global Positioning System (GPS) is a Satellite Navigation System -- - - Key Answer
Carrier Phase Tracking (Surveying): An Application of GPS -- - - Key Answer


HISTORY : Entrance Exam Study Material
Part 1
The Himalayan Mountains -- - - Key Answer
The Indo-Gangetic Plain -- - - Key Answer
The Southern Peninsula -- - - Key Answer
India A Land of Unity in Diversity -- - - Key Answer
Paleolithic or Old Stone Age -- - - Key Answer
Mesolithic or Middle Stone Age -- - - Key Answer
Neolithic Age -- - - Key Answer
Metal Age -- - - Key Answer
The Harappan Civilization -- - - Key Answer
Salient Features of the Harappan Culture -- - - Key Answer
The vedic culture -- - - Key Answer
Rig Vedic Age or Early Vedic Period (1500 - 1000 B.C.) -- - - Key Answer
Later Vedic Period (1000 600 B.C.) -- - - Key Answer
Causes for the Rise of Jainism and Buddhism -- - - Key Answer
Life and Teachings of Vardhamana Mahavira (539- 467 B.C.) and Spread of Jainism --
- - Key Answer
Life and Teachings of Gautama Buddha And Spread of Buddhism -- - - Key Answer
The rise of magadha and alexander s invasion -- - - Key Answer
Persian and greek invasions -- - - Key Answer
Alexander s Invasion of India -- - - Key Answer
The mauryan empire -- - - Key Answer
Political history of the mauryas chandragupta Maurya -- - - Key Answer
Extent of Asoka s Empire -- - - Key Answer
Mauryan Administration -- - - Key Answer
Post-mauryan india -- - - Key Answer
Foreign Invasions of Northwest India -- - - Key Answer
History : Kanishka (78 120 A.D.) -- - - Key Answer
Sangam age and Sangam Literature -- - - Key Answer
Sangam age Political History - Cheras, Cholas, Pandyas -- - - Key Answer
Sangam age - Society, Religion, Position of Women, Fine Arts -- - - Key Answer
Economy of the Sangam Age -- - - Key Answer
History : Gupta empire - Chandragupta I, II ,Samudragupta -- - - Key Answer
History : Samudragupta and Extant of Samudragupta s Empire -- - - Key Answer
History : Chandragupta II - Estimate, Successors, Western India Conquest -- - - Key
Answer
Gupta Administration and Social Life -- - - Key Answer
Gupta Empire - Art, Culture,Architecture, Literature, Science -- - - Key Answer
History : Harshavardhana - Early Life of Harsha -- - - Key Answer
Harshavardhana - Harsha s Military Conquests -- - - Key Answer
Harshavardhana - Kanauj Assembly, Allahabad Conference -- - - Key Answer
Harsha s Administration, Society and Economy -- - - Key Answer
Harshavardhana - Nalanda University -- - - Key Answer
South Indian Kingdoms I : PallavasOrgin and History -- - - Key Answer
Pallavas - Mahendravarman I -- - - Key Answer
Pallavas - Narasimhavarman I (630-668 A.D.) -- - - Key Answer
Pallavas - Narasimhavarman II or Rajasimha -- - - Key Answer
Administration and Society under the Pallavas -- - - Key Answer
Pallava - Education, Literature, Pallava Art and Architecture -- - - Key Answer
South Indian Kingdoms : Chalukyas, Pulakesin II -- - - Key Answer
Art, Architecture, Administration, Social Life under the Chalukyas -- - - Key Answer
Rashtrakutas - South Indian Kingdom -- - - Key Answer
Rashtrakutas - Administration, Society, Cultural, Economy, Art and Architecture -- - -
Key Answer
Imperial cholas - Rajaraja I, Rajendra I -- - - Key Answer
Chola Administration - Government, Revenue, Provincial, Military -- - - Key Answer
Chola Kingdom : Socio-economic Life -- - - Key Answer
Chola Kingdom : Education, Literature, Art and Architecture -- - - Key Answer
The spread of indian culture in other asian countries -- - - Key Answer
Indian Culture in South East Asia -- - - Key Answer
Indian culture in Central Asia -- - - Key Answer
Early medieval india -- - - Key Answer
Rajput Kingdoms -- - - Key Answer
Arab Conquest of Sind (712 A.D.) -- - - Key Answer
Mahmud of Ghazni and his Invasions -- - - Key Answer
Muhammad Ghori and The Battle of Tarain -- - - Key Answer
Delhi sultanate - Qutbuddin Aibak -- - - Key Answer
Delhi sultanate - Slave Dynasty -- - - Key Answer
Delhi sultanate - Ilbari dynasty by Iltutmish -- - - Key Answer
Delhi sultanate - First Ilbari dynasty : Iltutmish, Raziya, Balban -- - - Key Answer
Delhi sultanate - Second Ilbari dynasty : Balban, Khalji, Alauddin Khalji -- - - Key
Answer
Era of Balban (1246-1287) -- - - Key Answer
Delhi sultanate - The Khalji Dynasty -- - - Key Answer
Delhi sultanate - The Tughlaq Dynasty -- - - Key Answer
Delhi sultanate - Firoz Tughlaq -- - - Key Answer
Delhi sultanate - Muhammad bin Tughlaq -- - - Key Answer
Delhi sultanate - Sayyids and Lodis -- - - Key Answer
India under the delhi sultanate -- - - Key Answer
Delhi sultanate - Administration and Government -- - - Key Answer
Delhi sultanate - Social Life -- - - Key Answer
Delhi sultanate - Art, Architecture, Literature and Music -- - - Key Answer
Bhakti movement in medieval india -- - - Key Answer
Bhakti Movement -- - - Key Answer
Bhakti Movement - Ramananda, Kabir, Guru Nanak, Chaitanya, Gnanadeva,
Namadeva, Ekanatha -- - - Key Answer
Vijayanagar and bahmani kingdoms - Sources, Political History -- - - Key Answer
Krishna Deva Raya -- - - Key Answer
Krishna Deva Raya - Administration and Social Life -- - - Key Answer
Krishna Deva Raya - Economic Condition, Cultural Contributions -- - - Key Answer
Bahmani Kingdom and Mahmud Gawan -- - - Key Answer
The mughal empire : Babur -- - - Key Answer
The mughal empire : Humayun -- - - Key Answer
The mughal empire : Sher Shah Sur -- - - Key Answer
The mughal empire : Humayun and Sur Interregnum -- - - Key Answer
The mughal empire : Akbar - Administration, Mansabdari System -- - - Key Answer
The mughal empire : Jahangir and Nur Jahan -- - - Key Answer
The mughal empire : Shah Jahan -- - - Key Answer
The mughal empire : Aurangazeb - Deccan and Religious Policy -- - - Key Answer
Causes for the Downfall of the Mughals -- - - Key Answer
India under the mughals -- - - Key Answer
The mughal empire : Art and Architecture -- - - Key Answer
The mughal empire : Paintings and Music -- - - Key Answer
The mughal empire : Rural Masses, Agriculture, Growth of Trade -- - - Key Answer
The Marathas - The Rise of the Marathas -- - - Key Answer
The Marathas - Shivaji : His Life, Conquests and Administration -- - - Key Answer
The Peshwas - Balaji Viswanath, Balaji Baji Rao, Baji Rao I -- - - Key Answer
The coming of Europeans to India -- - - Key Answer
Part 2
Lesson 1. India Under the English East India Company:

Warren Hastings (1772-1785)
India Under The English East India Company: Warren Hastings -- - - Key Answer
The English East India Company -- - - Key Answer
The Regulating Act of 1773 and Merits and Demerits of the Act -- - - Key Answer
First Anglo-Maratha War -- - - Key Answer
The Second Anglo-Mysore War -- - - Key Answer
The Impeachment and Estimate of Warren Hastings -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 2. Lord Cornwallis (1786-1793)

Lord Cornwallis (1786-1793) -- - - Key Answer
Tipu Sultan and the Third Mysore War -- - - Key Answer
Cornwallis : Administrative, Revenue, Judicial Reforms -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 3. The Marquess of Wellesley (1798-1805)

The Marquess Of Wellesley (1798-1805) -- - - Key Answer
The Marquess Of Wellesley : The Subsidiary System -- - - Key Answer
The Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799) -- - - Key Answer
Wellesley and the Marathas -- - - Key Answer
The Second Maratha War (1803-1805) -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 4. Lord Hastings (1813-1823)

Lord Hastings (1813-1823) -- - - Key Answer
War against the Gurkhas (1814-16) -- - - Key Answer
Suppression of the Pindaris -- - - Key Answer
Downfall of the Maratha Confederacy -- - - Key Answer
Third Maratha War (1817-1819) -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 5. Lord William Bentinck (1828-1835)

Lord William Bentinck (1828-1835) -- - - Key Answer
Charter Act of 1833 -- - - Key Answer
Reforms of Lord William Bentinck -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 6. Lord Dalhousie (1848-1856)

Lord Dalhousie (1848-1856) -- - - Key Answer
Lord Dalhousie : Policy of Annexation -- - - Key Answer
Domestic Reforms of Dalhousie -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 7.Revenue Administration and Economic Policy of the

British
Revenue Administration And Economic Policy Of The British -- - - Key Answer
British Agrarian Policy -- - - Key Answer
Zamindari, Ryotwari, Mahalwari Settlement -- - - Key Answer
British Policy towards Indian Handicrafts -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 8. Educational and Social Reforms

Educational And Social Reforms of British in India -- - - Key Answer
Language and Education Policy of British in India -- - - Key Answer
Struggle against the Caste System and the related Legislation in India -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 9. Palayakkarar Rebellion

Palayakkarar Rebellion -- - - Key Answer
Puli Thevar -- - - Key Answer
History : Vira Pandya Kattabomman -- - - Key Answer
History : Marudu Brothers -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 10. Vellore Mutiny

Vellore Mutiny -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 11. The Great Revolt of 1857

The Great Revolt Of 1857 -- - - Key Answer
Causes of the Great Revolt Of 1857 -- - - Key Answer
Causes for the Failure of the 1857 Revolt and Significance, Effects of the Mutiny -- - -
Key Answer
British India After 1858: Lord Lytton (1876-1880),

History : Lord Lytton (1876-1880) -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 12. Lord Ripon (1880-1884) And Lord Curzon (1899-

1905)
History : Lord Ripon (1880-84) -- - - Key Answer
History : Lord Curzon (1899-1905) -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 13. Socio-Religious Reform Movements

Raja Rammohan Roy and the Brahmo Samaj -- - - Key Answer
Swami Dayanand Saraswathi and the Arya Samaj -- - - Key Answer
Self-Respect Movement and Periyar E.V.R. -- - - Key Answer
Indian Socio-Religious Reform Movements -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 14. Indian National Movement (1885-1905)

Indian National Movement (1885-1905) -- - - Key Answer
Factors Promoting the Growth of Nationalism in India -- - - Key Answer
The Indian National Congress (1885) -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 15. Indian National Movement (1905-1916)

Indian National Movement (1905-1916) -- - - Key Answer
Partition of Bengal and the Rise of Extremism - Swadeshi Movement -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 16. The Indian National Movement (1917-1947)

The Indian National Movement (1917-1947) : Advent of Gandhi -- - - Key Answer
Rowlatt Act, Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, Khilafat Movement -- - - Key Answer
Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922) -- - - Key Answer
Simon Commission (1927) -- - - Key Answer
Quit India Movement (1942-1944) -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 17. Role of Tamil Nadu in the Indian National

Movement
Role Of Tamil Nadu In The Indian National Movement -- - - Key Answer
Non-co-operation Movement in TamilNadu, India -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 18. The Justice Party Rule

The Justice Party rule in the Madras Presidency constitutes -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 19. Constitutional Development (1858 1947)

Indian Constitutional Development (1858 1947) -- - - Key Answer
Indian Councils Act of 1861 and 1892 -- - - Key Answer
Minto- Morley Reforms of 1909 -- - - Key Answer
The Government of India Act of 1935 -- - - Key Answer
Montague-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 20. India After Independence

India After Independence -- - - Key Answer
Indian Polity (1947 2000) -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 21. Renaissance

Renaissance -- - - Key Answer
Renaissance Literature, Art, Sculpture -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 22. Geographical Discoveries

The Geographical Discoveries of the 15th and 16th centuries -- - - Key Answer
Impact of the Geographical Discoveries -- - - Key Answer
Geographical Discoveries : Portugal and Spain -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 23. The Reformation and Counter Reformation

Causes for the Reformation -- - - Key Answer
Martin Luther (1483-1546) -- - - Key Answer
Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531) and John Calvin (1509-1564) -- - - Key Answer
Counter-Reformation -- - - Key Answer
Effects of Reformation -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 24. The American War of Independence (1776-1783)

The American War Of Independence (1776-1783) -- - - Key Answer
The English Colonies in America -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 25. French Revolution

Causes of the French Revolution -- - - Key Answer
French Revolution : The French Philosophers -- - - Key Answer
Impact of the American War of Independence -- - - Key Answer
Work of the National Assembly (1789 - 1791) -- - - Key Answer
The National Convention (1792 - 1795) -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 26. Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions

Agricultural Revolution -- - - Key Answer
Industrial Revolution : Causes, Merits, Demerits -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 27. First World War

First World War (1914 -1919) -- - - Key Answer
First World War - Colonialism -- - - Key Answer
Causes of First World War -- - - Key Answer
Course of the First World War -- - - Key Answer
Results of the First World War -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 28. Russian Revolution of 1917

Russian Revolution Of 1917 -- - - Key Answer
Causes of the Russian Revolution -- - - Key Answer
February Revolution and October Revolution of 1917 -- - - Key Answer
Results of Russian Revolution Of 1917 -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 29. The League of Nations

The League Of Nations -- - - Key Answer
Establishment of League of Nations -- - - Key Answer
Achievements Of The League Of Nations -- - - Key Answer
Causes for the Failure of League of Nations -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 30. Rise of Fascism and Nazism

Causes for the Growth of Fascism in Italy -- - - Key Answer
Rise of Mussolini -- - - Key Answer
Mussolini as the Prime Minster of Italy -- - - Key Answer
Nazism In Germany : Hitler and the Nazi Germany -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 31. Second World War

Second World War -- - - Key Answer
Causes of the Second World War -- - - Key Answer
Course and Results of the Second World War -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 32. Growth of Asian Nations: China And Japan

Growth Of Asian Nations: China And Japan -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 33. United Nations Organisation

United Nations Organisation -- - - Key Answer
Achievements of the U N O -- - - Key Answer
Organization of the U.N.O. -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 34. The Cold War

The Cold War -- - - Key Answer
Beginning and End of the Cold War -- - - Key Answer
Lesson 35. World Today

History : World Today -- - - Key Answer


Physics : Entrance Exam Study
Material
UNIT 1 Nature of the Physical World and
Measurement
Scope of Physics
Physics, Technology and Society
Forces of nature
Measurement
Derived quantities and their units
SI standards
Rules and conventions for writing SI units and their symbols
Expressing larger and smaller physical quantities
Determination of distance, mass, time
Uses and Limitations of Dimensional Analysis

Dimensional Analysis
Classification of Errors in Measurement
Measurement: Rounding off
Measurement: Significant figures
Accuracy and precision of measuring instruments
UNIT 2 Kinematics
Kinematics - Rest and Motion
Motion in one dimension (rectilinear motion)
Equations of motion
Graphical representations - displacement, velocity,acceleration with time graph
Representation of a vector quantities
Different types of vectors
Addition of vectors: Triangle and Parallelogram law of vectors
Subtraction of vectors
Resolution of vectors and rectangular components
Multiplication of two vectors
Projectile motion
Motion of a projectile thrown horizontally
Motion of a projectile projected at an angle with the horizontal (oblique
projection)
Newton?s first law of motion
Three types of the inertia
Examples for Newton?s first law of motion
Newton?s second law of motion
Impulsive force and Impulse of a force
Newton?s third Law of motion
Applications of Newton s third law of motion
Proof and Applications of Law of conservation of momentum
Concurrent forces and Coplanar forces
Parallelogram and Triangle law of forces
Experimental verification of triangle law, parallelogram law and Lami?s theorem
Uniform circular motion
Relation between linear velocity and angular velocity
Centripetal acceleration, Centripetal force and Centripetal reaction
Applications of centripetal forces
Banking of curved roads and tracks and Condition for skidding
Motion in a vertical circle
Motion on a level circular road
Work : Work done by a constant force and variable force
Potential energy and Kinetic energy
Principle of work and energy (work ? energy theorem) Statement
Conservative forces and non-conservative forces
Collision: Types - Elastic collision and Inelastic collision
UNIT 3 Dynamics of Rotational Motion

Centre of mass
Centre of gravity
Equilibrium of bodies and types of equilibrium
Rotational motion of rigid bodies
Rotational kinetic energy and moment of inertia of a rigid body
Theorems of moment of inertia : Perpendicular and Parallel axes theorem
Moment of a force
Couple and moment of the couple (Torque)
Angular momentum of a rigid body
Relation between torque and angular acceleration
Conservation of angular momentum with Illustration
UNIT 4 Gravitation and Space Science
Newton s law of gravitation

Acceleration due to gravity
Acceleration due to gravity at the surface of the Earth
Variation of acceleration due to gravity
Gravitational field: potential difference and potential energy
Inertial mass and Gravitational mass
Escape speed derivation and with the atmosphere of a planet
Satellites: Orbital velocity, Time period and Energy
Geostationary satellites and Polar satellites
Uses of satellites
Indian space programme: List of Indian satellites and Indian Launch Vehicles
(Rockets)
Weightlessness, Rockets - principle and Types of fuels
The Solar system
Kepler s laws of planetary motion: The law of orbits, areas, periods
Size, Surface temperatures, Mass, Atmosphere of the planets
Conditions for life on any planet
Asteroids, Comets, Meteors and Meteorites inthe Solar system
Stars, Constellations, Galaxy in the Solar system
Milky Way galaxy
Origin of the Universe
UNIT 5 Mechanics of Solids and Fluids
Mechanics of Solids and Fluids

Intermolecular or interatomic forces
Elasticity: Stress, strain Elastic limit, Hooke law
Experimental verification of Hooke law
Study of stress - strain relationship
Three moduli of elasticity
Relation between the three moduli of elasticity
Determination of Young modulusby Searle method
Applications of modulus of elasticity
Pressure due to a liquid column
Pascal law and effect of gravity
Applications of Pascal law: Hydraulic lift and brake
Co-efficient of viscosity
Viscosity: Streamline flow and Turbulent flow
Stoke law (for highly viscous liquids)
Determination of coefficient of viscosity of water by Poiseuille flow method
Surface tension: Intermolecular, Cohesive, Adhesive force
Experiments to demonstrate surface tension
Molecular theory of surface tension
Fluid Surface energy and surface tension
Pressure difference and pressure inside a liquid drop and a soap bubble
Capillarity and Illustrations of capillarity
Experimental determination of surface tension of water by capillary rise method
Factors affecting and Applications surface tension
Total energy of a liquid: Pressure, Kineti, Potential energy
Fluid Equation of continuity
Bernoulli theorem
Application of Bernoulli theorem
UNIT 6 Oscillations
The projection of uniform circular motion on a diameter is SHM
Important terms in simple harmonic motion
Dynamics of harmonic oscillations
Angular harmonic oscillator
Horizontal and Vertical oscillations of spring
Oscillation of liquid column in a U - tube
Oscillations of a simple pendulum
Laws of pendulum
Kinetic and Potential in simple harmonic motion
Types of oscillations
UNIT 7 Wave Motion
Characteristics of wave motion
Mechanical wave motion - Transverse and Longitudinal wave motion
Relationship between velocity, frequency and wavelength of a wave
Velocity of wave in different media
Laplace s correction
Factors affecting velocity of sound in gases
Equation of a plane progressive wave
Characteristics of progressive wave
Progressive wave : Intensity and sound level
Applications of reflection of sound waves
Applications of refraction of sound
Superposition principle of waves
Interference of waves
Experimental demonstration of interference of sound
Beats - Analytical method and Uses of beats
Analytical method and Characteristics of stationary waves
Standing waves in strings - Sonometer
Vibrations of air column in Organ pipes
Resonance air column apparatus
Doppler effect : Different cases and Applications
UNIT 8 Heat and Thermodynamics

Heat and Thermodynamics - Introduction
Postulates of Kinetic theory of gases
Pressure exerted by a gas
Degrees of freedom of molecule
Law of equipartition of energy
Thermal equilibrium
Molar specific heat capacity of a gas
First law of thermodynamics
Relation between Cp and Cv (Meyer's relation)
Indicator diagram (P-V diagram)
Isothermal process and Workdone in an isothermal expansion
Adiabatic process and Work done in an adiabatic expansion
Thermodynamic : Reversible and irreversible processes
Second law of thermodynamics- Kelvin's, Clausius, Kelvin - Planck's statement
Carnot engine - Essential parts, Working, four stages of operations
Refrigerator : Coefficient of performance and Inferences
Transfer of heat - Conduction, Convection, Radiation
Perfect black body
Experimental verification of Newton's law of cooling
Surface temperature of the Sun
Angstrom pyrheliometer
UNIT 9 Ray Optics

Reflection of light
Image in a plane mirror
Reflection at curved surfaces
Total internal reflection
Applications of Total internal reflection
Michelson's method
Importance of velocity of light
Refraction of light
Refraction at a spherical surface
Lens maker's formula and lens formula and Magnification
Combination of thin lenses in contact
Refraction of light through a prism
Dispersion of light and Dispersive power
Spectrometer
Basic Parts and Adjustments of the spectrometer
Determination of the refractive index of the material of the prism
Formation of rainbows
UNIT 10 Magnetism
Earth?s magnetic field and magnetic elements
Basic properties of magnets
Force between two magnetic poles
Magnetic induction at a point along the axial line due to a magnetic dipole (Bar
magnet)
Magnetic induction at a point along the equatorial line of a bar magnet
Mapping of magnetic field due to a bar magnet
Torque on a bar magnet placed in a uniform magnetic field
Tangent law
End-on (or) Tan A position- Deflection magnetometer
Broad?side on (or) Tan B position - Deflection magnetometer
Magnetic properties of materials
Properties of diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic substances
Hysteresis and Hysteresis loss
Uses of ferromagnetic materials
UNIT 11 Electrostatics
Basic properties of electric charge - - Click Here for Key Answer
Definition of Coulombs law , Principle of Superposition, Electric Field,
Electric Field Intensity (E) - - Click Here for Key Answer
Definition of Electric lines of force and Properties of lines of forces - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Definition of Electric potential and Relation between electric field and
potential - - Click Here for Key Answer
Definition of Electric flux and Gausss law - - Click Here for Key Answer
Electrostatic induction - - Click Here for Key Answer
Electrostatic induction, Capacitance of a conductor, Principle of a capacitor,
Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor - - Click Here for Key Answer
Lightning conductor -Van de Graaff Generator- working principle and
construction - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT 12 Current Electricity

Definition of Electric current and discription of Current Electricity - -
Drift velocity and mobility - - Click Here for Key Answer
Relation between current and drift velocity - - Click Here for Key Answer
Superconductivity Defination and Applications of superconductors - -
Carbon resistors and Colour code for carbon resistors - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Temperature dependence of resistance and Internal resistance of a cell - -
Comparison of emf and potential difference,Electric energy and electric power
Faradays laws of electrolysis Chemical effect of current Verification of
Faradays laws of electrolysis - - Click Here for Key Answer
Electric cells and Voltaic cell - - Click Here for Key Answer
Primary Cell - Daniel cell, Leclanche cell - - Click Here for Key Answer
Secondary Cells - Lead - Acid accumulator - Applications of secondary cells -
UNIT 13 Effects of Electric Current

Applications of Joule heating - - Click Here for Key Answer
Seebeck effect - - Click Here for Key Answer
Neutral and Inversion temperature - - Click Here for Key Answer
Peltier effect and Peltier Co-efficient () - - Click Here for Key Answer
Thomson effect and Thomson coefficient () - - Click Here for Key Answer
Thermopile and Seebeck effect - - Click Here for Key Answer
Biot - Savart Law - - Click Here for Key Answer
Tangent galvanometer - Theory and Construction of Tangent galvanometer
Solenoid and Right hand palm rule - - Click Here for Key Answer
Magnetic Lorentz force - - Click Here for Key Answer
Cyclotron- Principle, Construction, Working and Limitations of Cyclotron -
Moving coil galvanometer - Principle, Construction, Pointer type moving coil
galvanometer, Current sensitivity of a galvanometer. - - Click Here for Key
Answer
UNIT 14 Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating

Current
AC generator (Dynamo) - Single phase and AC generator (Alternator) -
Three phase - - Click Here for Key Answer
Eddy currents and Applications of Eddy current - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Transformer Principle - Efficiency of a transformer - Energy losses in a
transformer - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT 15 Electromagnetic Waves and Wave Optics
Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman(C.V.Raman) Life - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Uses of electromagnetic spectrum - - Click Here for Key Answer
Types of spectra - Emission spectra, Line spectrum, Band Spectrum,
Absorption Spectra - - Click Here for Key Answer
Fraunhofer lines - Fluorescence - Phosphorescence - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Theories of light - Corpuscular theory, Wave theory, Electromagnetic theory,
Quantum theory - - Click Here for Key Answer
Scattering of light - Tyndal scattering, Raman effect - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Wave front - Huygens principle - - Click Here for Key Answer
Condition for sustained interference and Youngs double slit experiment - -
Newtons rings - Experiment, Theory - - Click Here for Key Answer
Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction - - Click Here for Key Answer
Diffraction grating explanation with Theory - - Click Here for Key Answer
Polarisation of transverse waves - - Click Here for Key Answer
Double refraction - - Click Here for Key Answer
Polaroids explanation and Uses of Polaroid - - Click Here for Key Answer
Nicol prism and Types of crystals - - Click Here for Key Answer
Optical activity - - Click Here for Key Answer
Specific rotation - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT 16 : Atomic Physics

Discharge of electricity through gases at low pressure - Discovery of electrons
Properties of Cathode rays - - Click Here for Key Answer
Canal rays and Properties of Positive rays (or) Canal rays - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Thomsons method - Determination of specific charge (e/m) of an electron -
Millikans oil drop experiment - Determination of charge of an electron - -
Thomson atom model and its Drawbacks - - Click Here for Key Answer
Rutherfords - particle scattering experiment - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Rutherford atom model and its Drawbacks - - Click Here for Key Answer
Bohr atom model - - Click Here for Key Answer
Spectral series of hydrogen atom and Energy level diagram - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Excitation and ionization potential of an atom - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Shortcomings of Bohrs theory - - Click Here for Key Answer
Sommerfeld atom model and its Drawbacks - - Click Here for Key Answer
Production of X - rays - Modern Coolidge tube - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Types of X - rays: Soft and Hard X - rays - - Click Here for Key Answer
Properties of X - rays - - Click Here for Key Answer
Detection, Diffraction and Absorption of X - rays - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Laue experiment - - Click Here for Key Answer
Braggs law for X-ray diffraction - - Click Here for Key Answer
Braggs X-ray spectrometer - - Click Here for Key Answer
X - ray spectra - continuous and characteristic X - ray spectra - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Moseleys law and Applications of Moseleys law - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Medical, Industrial and Scientific Applications of X - rays - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Spontaneous and stimulated emission of Laser - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Ruby laser - Generation Process and Energy Level - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Helium neon laser - Generation Process and Energy Level - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Medical, Industrial and Scientific Applications of laser - - Click Here for
Key Answer
UNIT 17 : Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter and

Relativity
Photoelectric effect - Dual Nature of Radiation - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Hallwachs Experiment - photo electric effect - - Click Here for Key Answer
Effect of potential difference on the photoelectric current - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Effect of frequency of incident radiation on stopping potential - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Laws of photoelectric emission - - Click Here for Key Answer
Einsteins photoelectric equation - - Click Here for Key Answer
Photoelectric cells and their types, applications - - Click Here for Key
Answer
de Broglie wavelength of matter waves and an electron - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Electron microscope: Construction, working, Uses, Limitations - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Relativity: Concept of Space and Frame of reference - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Special theory of relativity - - Click Here for Key Answer
Einsteins mass-energy equivalence - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT 18 : Nuclear Physics 83

Classification of nuclei and Properties of nucleus Nuclear size - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Explanation of Nuclear binding energy curve - - Click Here for Key Answer
Bainbridge mass spectrometer - Determination of isotopic masses of nuclei -
Nuclear force and Radioactivity - - Click Here for Key Answer
Properties of Alpha , beta and gamma rays - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Radioactive displacement law - - Click Here for Key Answer
Neutron - Discovery and Properties of neutrons - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Artificial radioactivity - - Click Here for Key Answer
Applications of radio-isotopes - - Click Here for Key Answer
Biological hazards of nuclear radiations - - Click Here for Key Answer
Artificial radioactivity transmutation and Particle accelerators - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Geiger - Muller counter: Construction and Operation - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Energy released in Nuclear fission - - Click Here for Key Answer
Radioactive Chain reaction - - Click Here for Key Answer
Atom bomb - Principle and construction - - Click Here for Key Answer
Nuclear reactor: Design and Function of parts, Uses - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Nuclear power programme in India - - Click Here for Key Answer
Nuclear fusion: Hydrogen bomb and Stellar energy - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Cosmic Rays: Latitude effect, Altitude effect, Cosmic ray showers - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Elementary particles of atom - new nuclear particles - - Click Here for Key
Answer
UNIT 19 : Semiconductor Devices and their

Applications
Semiconductors: Energy band in solids - - Click Here for Key Answer
Semiconductors: Valence band, conduction band and forbidden energy gap -
Insulators, semiconductors and conductors - forbidden energy gap - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Electrons and holes in semiconductors - - Click Here for Key Answer
Intrinsic semiconductor - - Click Here for Key Answer
Extrinsic semiconductor: N and P -type semiconductor - - Click Here for
Key Answer
PN Junction diode: Forward and Reverse bias characteristics - - Click Here
for Key Answer
PN junction diode as Half wave and Bridge wave rectifier - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Avalanche and zener Breakdown mechanisms - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Zener diode and Zener diode as voltage regulator - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Light Emitting Diode (LED) - - Click Here for Key Answer
Junction transistor - - Click Here for Key Answer
Working of a PNP transistor - - Click Here for Key Answer
Transistor circuit configurations - - Click Here for Key Answer
Characteristics of an NPN transistor in common emitter configuration - -
Transistor as a switch - - Click Here for Key Answer
Transistor amplifier - Operating point, Working - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Transistor biasing - Voltage divider bias - - Click Here for Key Answer
Single stage CE amplifier - - Click Here for Key Answer
Multistage amplifiers - - Click Here for Key Answer
Feedback in amplifiers- Principle of feedback and - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Transistor oscillators - Barkhausen condition for oscillation - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Generation of sinusoidal waves by a tuned LC circuit - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Essentials of LC oscillator - - Click Here for Key Answer
Colpitts oscillator - - Click Here for Key Answer
Integrated circuit (IC) - - Click Here for Key Answer
Digital electronics - Analog signal, Digital signal and logic levels - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Basic logic gates using discrete components - - Click Here for Key Answer
Operational amplifier (OP - AMP) - - Click Here for Key Answer
Circuit symbol and Pin-out configuration of an OP-AMP - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Basic OP-AMP circuits: Inverting, Non-inverting, Summing, Difference
amplifier - - Click Here for Key Answer
Cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO) - - Click Here for Key Answer
Multimeter - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT 20 : Communication Systems

Propagation of electromagnetic waves - - Click Here for Key Answer
Amplitude modulation (AM): Modulation factor, Analysis, Advantages,
Limitations - - Click Here for Key Answer
Frequency modulation (FM): Advantages and Disadvantages - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Phase modulation (PM) - - Click Here for Key Answer
Radio transmission - AM, FM transmitter and AF, RF section - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Radio reception: simple, AM and FM receiver - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Television: Construction and Working of Vidicon camera tube - - Click
Here for Key Answer
Television: Scanning and synchronising - - Click Here for Key Answer
Monochrome picture tube - - Click Here for Key Answer
Monochrome TV transmission - - Click Here for Key Answer
Monochrome TV receiver - - Click Here for Key Answer
RADAR: Principle, Applications, Transmission and reception of radar - -
Analog communication and digital communication - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Modem and Fax (or) Facsimile - - Click Here for Key Answer
Wire and Cable - - Click Here for Key Answer
Fiber optical communication: Advantages, Applications - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Satellite Communication: Merits and Demerits - - Click Here for Key
Answer


Zoology : Entrance Exam Study Material
Part 1
UNIT 1. BIODIVERSITY
Biodiversity Explanation and Biodiversity in India -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Taxonomic systems -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Introduction to taxa and species -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Phenetic method or Numerical taxonomy and Cytotaxonomy and Chemotaxonomy and
Palaeotaxonomy Explaination -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Nomenclature methods and Basic principles of nomenclature and Identification keys --
Methods of grouping animals -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Phylum : Protozoa, Porifera and Coelenterata or Cnidaria -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Phylum: Platyhelminthes -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Phylum : Nematoda and Annelida -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Phylum : Arthropoda -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Phylum Mollusca and Phylum Echinodermata -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Phylum Chordata and Diversity and General Characters of Chordates -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Classification of Phylum Chordata -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Sub phylum : Vertebrata (Craniata) and Classification of Vertebrata - Class : Pisces
and Tetrapoda -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Class : Amphibia - sub phylum Tetrapoda -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Class : Amniota - Reptilia - sub phylum - Tetrapoda -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Class : Aves - sub phylum - Tetrapoda -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Class : Mammalia - Reptilia - sub phylum - Tetrapoda -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Monotremata, Marsupialia and Placentalia Classification of Class : Mammalia -
Reptilia - sub phylum Tetrapoda -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Scientific Names of Animals -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Plasmodium -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Life cycle in the mosquito - sporogony -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Control of Malaria -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Types of Malaria -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Earthworm - External features , External apertures -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Earthworm - Body wall ,Body Cavity,Locomotion -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Earthworm - Digestive System, Feeding -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Earthworm - Circulatory System -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Earthworm - Excretory Systemk -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Earthworm - Excretory System -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Earthworm - Nervous System -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Earthworm - Reproductive System -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Pigeon - External features -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Pigeon - The wings -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Pigeon - Exoskeleton : Quill feather -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Pigeon Endoskeleton : Flight muscles, Pectoralis major, Pectoralis minor or
subclavius, Coracobrachialis -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Pigeon Digestive system -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Pigeon - Respiratory System -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Pigeon - Circulatory system and Venous system -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Nervous system and Sense organ of Pigeon -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Pigeon - Urinogenital system and Male, Female reproductive organs -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
UNIT 2. CELL BIOLOGY

Cell Biology -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Microscopy and Anton van Leeuwenhoek simple microscope -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Compound light, Dark field, Phase contrast, Oil immersion and Electron
microscope -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Cytological Techniques -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Plasma Membrane -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Mitochondria -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Ribosomes -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and Function of Endoplasmic Reticulum -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Golgi apparatus -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Lysosomes -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Centrioles -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Animal Nucleus or Human Nucleus -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Chromosomes of Animal Nucleus or Human Nucleus -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Cancer biology -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Molecular biology of cancer -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Types of cancer and factor causes cancer -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Cancer and death -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Management of cancer : Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
UNIT 3. HUMAN ANATOMY
History of Human anatomy -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
The Integumentary System - Skin and hypodermis -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
The Integumentary System - hypodermis, Epidermis, Callus, Skin color, Hair, glands,
Nails -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Human Skeletal System -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Structure of a typical long bone -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Skull - Human Skeletal system -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Vertebrae - Human Skeletal system -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Rib cage - Human Skeletal system -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Appendicular skeleton - Pectoral girdle, Pectoral girdle, Pelvic girdle or pelvis, Wrist,
Hand, Leg, Ankle, Foot, Kinds of joints, Fibrous joints, Cartilaginous joints, Synovial
joints -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Human Muscular System and Types of Muscular System -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Skeletal muscles - Human Muscular System -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Shapes of muscles and Naming of muscles - Human Muscular System -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Distribution of human muscles - Muscles of the human head, Muscles of the Neck
region, Muscles of the Trunk region, Muscles of the upper limb, Muscles of the lower
limb -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Human Entire Digestive system process with diagram - Mouth or Buccal cavity,
Tongue, Teeth, Salivary glands, Pharynx, Stomach, Small intestine, Duodenum,
Jejunum and ileum, Liver, Gall bladder, Pancreas, Caecum, Colon, Rectum, Anal
canal -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Human Respiratory system with diagram - Nasal cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea,
Lungs, Thoracic wall and muscles of respirations -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
The Human Circulatory System - Systemic and Pulmonary circulations - Pulmonary
circulation, Systemic circulation, Portal circulation -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Components of Human Circulatory system : Blood vessels, Types of blood vessels, The
Heart -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
The Human Heart structure with diagram -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Human Lymphatic system - Lymphoid cells and tissues, Thymus, Lymph nodes, Spleen,
Tonsils, The lymphatic circulation -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
The structure of a peripheral nerve : Central nervous system (C N S) Peripheral
nervous system Autonomous nervous system , brain -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Human Brain : Prosencephalon (Fore brain), Mesencephalon (mid brain),
Rhombencephalon (hind brain), Brain stem, Pachymenix, Leptomeninges -- - - Click
Here for Key Answer
The Eye - Sensory Organ -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Ears (The organs of hearing) - The Sensory Organ -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Endocrine system and glands : Pituitary gland (or) Hypophysis, thyroid, parathy roids,
pancreas, adrenals, testes and ovaries -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Urinary system : kidneys (renes), ureters, the uri-nary bladder (vesica urinaria) and the
urethra -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Male reproductive organs -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Female reproductive organs -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT 4. GENETICS
GENETICS -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Quantitive inheritance - GENETICS -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Genetics : Sex determination in Human beings -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Male haploidy or Haplo-diploidy mechanism -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Genetics : Sex - linked Inheritance -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Genetics : Pleiotropy -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT 5. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

-- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Types of eggs -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Cleavage and types - Frogs egg -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Gastrulation in frog embryo -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Organogenesis of Frog -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT 6. ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY

Corals - reef builders - ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Earthworm - Vermiculture -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Uses and types of Beneficial Insects : Productive Insects - Honey bee, Silk worms, Lac
insects. Helpful Insects : Insect - Predators -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Prawns, Lobsters and Crabs - ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Pearl Oyster -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Fishes - Nutritive value -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Guano (Bird excreta) -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Aquarium - Setting up an aquarium tank -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Vivarium ( Zoo ) and List of important Zoos -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Disease causing organisms Vectors : Housefly - Musca domestica, Sand flies -
Phlebotomus papatasi, Rat fleas - Xenopsylla cheopis, The human louse - Pediculus
humanus, Mosquitoes : Anopheles, Culex, Aedes sp -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Poisonous Organisms : Physalia, Scorpion, Centipede, Honey bees and Wasps,
Poisonous fishes, Poisonous snakes-- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Poisonous snakes : Cobra, Krait, Vipers, Sea Snakes and Poison Apparatus of a Snake -
Fouling Organisms -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Pests - Pests of Crops : Cotton, Paddy, Sugarcane, Vegetables, Coconut palm, Stored
grains, household goods -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT 7. ORIGIN OF LIFE

ORIGIN OF LIFE - Theories -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Geological time scale : Palaeozoic era, Mesozoic era, Cenozoic era -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Fossils : Fossilization, Evolutionary significance of fossils, List of Important fossils -- - -
Extinct animals-mass extinction : Causes and Pattern of extiniction -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Part 2
UNIT 1.HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

Nutrition : Carbohydrates (Poly hydroxyaldehydes (or) ketones.),
Proteins(Polypeptides), Lipids, Vitamins -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Carbohydrates (Poly hydroxyaldehydes (or) ketones.) -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Proteins(Polypeptides) -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Lipids -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Vitamins : functions of vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency Ailments -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Minerals, Water, Balanced diet, Calorie values, Obesity -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
The digestive system and The process of digestion -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Dental Caries (Tooth decay) : Symptoms, Root Canal Treatment -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Peptic ulcer and Hernia : Causes of Peptic ulcer and Types of Hernia -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Appendicitis, Gall Stones, Hepatitis, Hernia, Peptic ulcer -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Types of fractures, Mechanism of fracture, Healing of Bones in fracture, Dislocation of
joints, Physiotherapy and rehabilitation, Arthiritis , Orthopedics, Rickets and
steomalacia -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Structure of a skeletal muscle, sarcomere -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Mechanism and Types of muscle contraction -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Benefits of aerobic exercise -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Myasthenia Gravis Muscle Disease -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Process of pulmonary respiration -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Mechanism of Human Breathing : Expiration , Inspiration -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Gaseous exchange in the alveoli -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Herring - Breuer reflex -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Lungs Disease : Tuberculosis (TB), Herring - Breuer reflex, Acute and Chronic
Bronchitis -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Human Circulatory System : Functioning of Human heart -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Myocardial infarction : Symptoms, Causes, Risk factors -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Angina pectoris -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Angiogram : Coronary Angiography and Coronary Angioplasty -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Atherosclerosis, Heart block, Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
ICCU - (Intensive Coronary Care Unit) -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Blood Pressure : Intensive of hypertension -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Composition of plasma : Components with Functions -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Types of blood cells or corpuscles -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Human Nervous system -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Human brain -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Types of memory -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Types of sleep -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Human Brain Stroke and Brain haemorrhage -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Alzheimers Disease, Meningitis (Brain fever), Conditioned reflex -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Right and Left Human brain concept -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Spinal cord functioning -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Functions of Endocrine glands -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Pituitary gland and The hormones of anterior pituitary -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Thyroid gland and thyroxine -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Human Insulin -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Human Glucagon -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Gonads : Testis and Overies -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Focusing Mechanism in the Human Eye -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Human eye : Errors of refraction -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Retinopathy - Human Eye Disease -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Human Eye : Cataract, Lens Replacement -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Human Eye : Glaucoma, Nyctalopia Disorder, Infections, Symptoms, Treatment -- - -
EAR - Some Information -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Mechanism of hearing - Human Ear -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Defects of the Human ear -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Human Hearing Aid -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Noise pollution -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Human Skin and Functions of skin -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Functions of Human Skin Melanin -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Human Skin grafting and Dermatitis -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Human Tongue and Mechanism of Stimulation -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Human Excretion -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Human Excretion : tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Renal Failure, Dialysis and Kidney Machines -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Human Kidney stone (Calculus) And Kidney transplantation -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Diabetes mellitus : Symptoms, Causes, prevention -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Functioning of male reproductive system -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Functioning of female reproductive system -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Female Menstrual cycle - 28 days -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
In vitro fertilization (Test tube babies) and Birth control -- - - Click Here for Key
Answer
Contraception - Methods to prevention of pregnancy -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT 2.MICROBIOLOGY
History of Medical microbiology -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Structure of Viruses And Viral genetics -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Viral Diseases -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Cultivation (culture) of Animal viruses -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Bacterial structure And Culture -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Bacterial Genetics -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Bacterial Diseases -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Protozoan microbiology -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Larval microbiology -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
AIDS (HIV) Structure, its control, Pathogenesis, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Control and
Management -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT 3.IMMUNOLOGY
IMMUNOLOGY : Innate Immunity (Non-specific) And Acquired Immunity (Specific
immunity) -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Primary Lymphoid Organ Thymus -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Peripheral Lymphoid Organs : Lymph nodes, Spleen -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Secondary Lymphoid Organs : Mucosa associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) -- - -
Antibodies - Immunoglobulins, Region of polypeptide chains, Transplantation
immunology -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Classification of grafts -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Immune system disorders -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT 4.MODERN GENETICS

Human Genetics - Karyotyping -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology) -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Genetic Diseases -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Human Genome Project (HGP) -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Cloning : Differentiation, Cloning of Sheep (Mechanism), Ethical Issues, Merits and
Demerits of cloning -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Transgenic organisms : Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Gene therapy -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Bioinformatics : Definition, History, Applications -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Scope of Genetic Engineering And Bioinformatics -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Nucleic acid, Protein sequence databases And Genome sequencing, DNA library -- - -
Protein Structure, Protein Model And Uses -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Human population and explosion - Issues -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT 5.ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

Reasons for the Explosion. Impacts Of Growing Population and Environmental -- - -
Global warming : Green house effect -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Types of Greenhouse Gases -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Effects of Global warming -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Ozone layer depletion : Ozone hole, Preventing And Effect of Ozone depletions -- - -
Waste management -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Waste management : Classification of wastes -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Management of hazardous wastes -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Management of non-hazardous wastes- Solid Waste Management -- - - Click Here for
Key Answer
Biodiversity conservation (Biosphere reserves) Government and non Governmental
organizations -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Energy crisis and its environmental impact -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Steps to be taken to resolve energy crisis -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Environmental impacts : Thermal, Hydel, Nuclear Power, Solar energy, Fossil fuels -- -
Poverty and Environmental : issues, alleviation -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Fresh water crisis and management -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Freshwater resources -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Freshwater shortages -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Freshwater Management -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT 6.APPLIED BIOLOGY

Important cattle breeds and their characteristics -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
cattle breeds : Milch breeds (or) Dairy breeds, Dual purpose breeds, Draught breeds -- -
Milch breeds (or) Dairy Cattle breeds : Sindhi (Red Sindhi, Red Karachi), Gir
(Kathiawarhi, Surti) -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Dual purpose Cattle breeds - Ongole : Nellore -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Draught Cattle breeds : Kangayam, Hallikar, Jersey -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Common diseases and control for Cattle -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Poultry Breeds -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Poultry Farming methods -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Factors involved in brooding -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Pisciculture : Characters of cultivable fish -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Fish Pond : Types and Preparation of pond, Management and Feeding -- - - Click Here
for Key Answer
Edible Fishes Of Tamilnadu (India) -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Stethoscope and Uses of Stethoscope -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Sphygmomanometer -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Haemocytometer -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Urine - Sugar analysis -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
ECG-Electrocardiogram -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Computed Tomography (CT)(OR) Computerized axial tomography (CAT) -
Advantages and Uses -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Types of Endoscopy -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Artificial Pacemaker And Autoanalyser -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
UNIT 7.THEORIES OF EVOLUTION

THEORIES OF EVOLUTION : Lamarckism -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
THEORIES OF EVOLUTION : Neo-lamarckism -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
THEORIES OF EVOLUTION : Darwinism -- - - Click Here for Key Answer
Modern concept of Natural Selection (or) Modern synthetic theory of Evolution -- - -


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Botany : Entrance Exam Study

UNIT II. CELL BIOLOGY

UNIT IV. GENETICS

UNIT V. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

UNIT VI. REPRODUCTION BIOLOGY

UNIT VII. ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY

Organisms and their Environment -- - - Click Here for Key Answer

UNIT 2. PLANT ANATOMY

UNIT 3. CELL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS

UNIT 5. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

UNIT 6. BIOLOGY IN HUMAN WELFARE

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History Entrance Exam: Online Read or Study

Geography Entrance Exam: Online Read or Study

Economics Entrance Exam: Online Read or Study

Chemical Calculations : Formula Weight (FW) or Formula Mass -- - - Click

UNIT 2. General Introduction to Metallurgy

UNIT 3. Atomic Structure I

UNIT 4. Periodic Classification I

UNIT 5. Group 1 s-Block elements

UNIT 6. Group 2 s-Block elements

UNIT 7. p-Block elements

UNIT 8 : Atomic Structure - II

UNIT 9 : Periodic Classification - II

UNIT 10 : p - Block Elements

UNIT 11 : d - Block Elements

UNIT 12 : f - Block Elements

UNIT 13 : Coordination Compounds and Bio-

UNIT 14 : Nuclear Chemistry

UNIT 16. Gaseous state I

UNIT 17. Chemical Bonding

UNIT 18. Colligative Properties

UNIT 19. Thermodynamics I

Introduction and Terminology used in Thermodynamics -- - - Click Here for

UNIT 20. Chemical Equilibrium I

UNIT 21. Chemical Kinetics I

UNIT 22 : Solid State - II

UNIT 24 : Chemical Equilibrium II

UNIT : 25 Chemical Kinetics II

UNIT : 26 Surface Chemistry

UNIT : 28 Electro Chemistry II

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