FAULT BEDDING (LAB 2B)

7.0 QUESTIONS AND DISCUSSION

1. Explain types of fault with the aid of diagram
a) Vertical or dip slip fault
Movement along the dip of the fault- concepts of hanging wall and footwall are
important in defining the different types of vertical faults
If the dip angle is not 90 degrees the side of the fault with the portion of land which
appears to be hanging over a lower portion before movement is called the hanging
wall and that on the bottom, the footwall

Figure 1:
Normal Fault: Up and down motion, so the footwall moves up and the hanging wall
moves down.
Reverse (or thrust) Fault: up and down motion again but hanging wall moves up,
footwall moves down.
b) Strike-slip Fault:
Side to side motion (no up and down motion at all, if you now visualise a road
running across the fault). You can get dextral strike slip faults (road moves left) and
sinisterly strike slip faults (road moves right).
The rocky blocks on either side of strike-slip faults, on the other hand, scrape along
side-by-side. The movement is horizontal and the rock layers beneath the surface
havent been moved up or down on either side of the fault.
 Figure 2: Movement of the strike slip fault

c) Oblique fault
Combination of up and down motion and side to side motion. Footwall moves up and
left, hanging wall moves down and right (for example).
Requires both dip and strike components to be measureable and significant.
Some oblique faults occur within trans-tensional and trans-pressional regimens, others
occur where the direction of extension of shortening changes during the deformation
but the earlier formed faults remain active.

Figure 3: Oblique slip fault

2. (a) Discuss how the fault structure was occurred base on the map B.
The fault that occurs on map B is type of normal fault. Based on the profile of soil, we
can see that the foot wall moving up in relation to the hanging wall. In this instance, a
fault scrap is created. Besides that, if we compare the profile and the figure for normal
fault it almost similar.
8.0 CONCLUSION
*Conclude your result especially by rate its effect on outcrop layer in relation to the relation
to the civil engineering or construction industry etc.
As the result, we can describe from this experiment is at the end of this, we will knew a
categories of fault was happen in our earth. From the diagram in the graph, we can see more
details about the fault were occurred in the earth crust. Faults are fractures which have had
displacement of the rocks along them.

A detailed geological map shows what it is you are standing on, where similar rocks or
sediments may be found, how old they are, what they are composed of, how they formed, how
they have been affected by faulting, folding or other geological processes and what existing or
potential mineral resources and geological hazards are nearby. Geologic information shown on
maps is necessary for countless reason, from finding natural resources (water, minerals, oil and
gas) to evaluating fundamental part of the environment that controls distribution of plants and
animals. General purpose geological maps address all of these themes.The adjacent rock
masses slipped past one another in response to tension, compression of shearing stress. Fault
plane is the plane of dislocation along which movements occur during faulting. Fault
commonly create zones of broken ground weaker and lass stable than the adjacent rock.
Sudden movements along fault may cause earthquakes.

The creation and behaviours of faults, in both an individual small fault and within the greater
fault zones which define the tectonic plates, is controlled by the relative motion of rocks on
either side of the fault surface. Because of friction and the rigidity of the rock, the rocks cannot
simply glide or flew past each other. Rather, stress builds up in rocks and when it reaches a
level that exceeds the strain threshold, the accumulated potential energy is released as strain,
which is focused into a plane along which relative motion is accommodated.