PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B)

SIMPLE PENDULUM

INFERENCE Period depends on length of pendulum

HYPHOTESIS Length increase, period increase
AIM To investigate the relationship between period and length of pendulum
VARIABLES MV : length of pendulum
RV : period
FV : angle of oscillation
LIST OF Two pieces of plywood, thread, retort stand, meter rule, pendulum bob,
APPARATUS stop watch
ARRANGEMENT
OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Set up the apparatus as shown on the diagram.

2. The bob is tied with a thread of length, l=10.0 cm.
3. The bob is pulled sideway with an angle 450 and released.
4. The time taken for 10 complete oscillations, t is measured using
stop watch.
t
5. Period of oscillation is calculated using the formula , T 10
10
6. The experiment is repeated using different length of pendulum
which are 20.0 cm, 30.0 cm, 40.0 cm and 50.0 cm.

TABULATE
DATA Length, l (cm) Period, T (s)
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0

ANALSYING
DATA Period, T (s)

Length, l (cm)

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 PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B)
INERTIA

INFERENCE Inertia depends on mass

HYPHOTESIS mass increase, period increase
AIM To investigate the relationship between period and mass
VARIABLES MV : mass
RV : period
FV : length of hacksaw blade
LIST OF G-clamp, jigsaw blade, plasticine, triple beam balance, stop watch
APPARATUS
ARRANGEMENT
OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Set up the apparatus as shown on the diagram.

2. 20 g of plasticine is fixed at one end of a jigsaw blade.
3. Displace the blade horizontally and release so that it oscillates.
4. The time taken for 10 complete oscillations, t is measured using
stop watch.
t
5. Period of oscillation is calculated using the formula , T 10
10
6. The experiment is repeated using different mass of plasticine
which are 40 g, 60 g, 80 g and 100 g.

TABULATE
DATA Mass, m (g) Period, T (s)
20
40
60
80
100

ANALSYING
DATA Period, T (s)

Mass, m (g)

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 PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B)
VELOCITY

INFERENCE Velocity depends on height

HYPHOTESIS Height increase, velocity increase
AIM To investigate the relationship between height and velocity
VARIABLES MV : height
RV : velocity
FV : length of runway
LIST OF Trolley, friction-compensated runway, ticker-timer, ticker-tape, a.c. power
APPARATUS supply, wood blocks, meter rule
ARRANGEMENT
OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Set up the apparatus as shown on the diagram.

2. The runway is raised up by wooden blocks to a height 20.0 cm.
3. Switch on the ticker-timer and released the trolley.
4. The final velocity, v is calculated from the ticker-tape when the
trolley reach the end of the runway.
5. The experiment is repeated by rising the runway and placing the
trolley at height 30.0 cm, 40.0 cm, 50.0 cm and 60.0 cm.

TABULATE
DATA Height, h (cm) Velocity, v (ms-1)
20
30
40
50
60

ANALSYING
DATA Velocity, v (ms-1)

Height, h (cm)

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 PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B)
ACCELERATION (I)

INFERENCE Acceleration depends on mass

HYPHOTESIS mass increase, acceleration decrease
AIM To investigate the relationship between mass and acceleration
VARIABLES MV : mass // number of trolley
RV : acceleration
FV : force acting on the object
LIST OF Trolley, friction-compensated runway, ticker-timer, ticker-tape, a.c. power
APPARATUS supply, wood blocks, meter rule, elastic cord, weighing scale
ARRANGEMEN
T OF
APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Set up the apparatus as shown on the diagram.

2. Switch on the ticker-timer. Apply a force by stretching an elastic
band to a fixed length and the length is maintain as the trolley
runs down the runway.
3. Cut the ticker tape into strips containing 10 ticks each.
4. Acceleration of the trolley is calculated by using the formula,
vu
a
t
5. The experiment is repeated by using 2 trolleys, 3 trolleys,
4 trolleys and 5 trolleys.

TABULATE
DATA Mass of trolley, m (g) or Accelerations, a (ms-2)
No. of trolley
1
2
3
4
5

ANALSYING
DATA Accelerations, a (ms-2)

Mass of trolley, m (g) or

No. of trolley

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 PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B)
ACCELERATION (II)

INFERENCE Force depends on acceleration

HYPHOTESIS force increase, acceleration increase
AIM To investigate the relationship between force and acceleration
VARIABLES MV : force
RV : acceleration
FV : mass of the object
LIST OF Trolley, friction-compensated runway, ticker-timer, ticker-tape, a.c. power
APPARATUS supply, wood blocks, meter rule, elastic cord
ARRANGEMEN
T OF
APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Set up the apparatus as shown on the diagram.

2. Switch on the ticker-timer. Apply a force by stretching an elastic
band to a fixed length and the length is maintain as the trolley
runs down the runway.
3. Cut the ticker tape into strips containing 10 ticks each.
4. Acceleration of the trolley is calculated by using the formula,
vu
a
t
5. The experiment is repeated by using 2 cords, 3 cords,
4 cords and 5 cords.

TABULATE
DATA Force, F (N) Accelerations, a (ms-2)
1
2
3
4
5

ANALSYING
DATA Accelerations, a (ms-2)

Force, F (N)

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 PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B)
HOOKES LAW (EXTENSION OF THE SPRING)

INFERENCE Extension of the spring depends on force / weight

HYPHOTESIS force / weight increase, extension of the spring increase
AIM To investigate the relationship between extension of the spring and force
/ weight
VARIABLES MV : force / weight
RV : extension of the spring
FV : spring constant / diameter of the spring
LIST OF Spring, slotted weight, retort stand, meter rule, clamp
APPARATUS
ARRANGEMENT
OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Set up the apparatus as shown on the diagram.

2. Measured the initial length of the spring, lo.
3. Slotted weight of 20 g is hung from the spring. The length of the
spring, l is record.
4. The extension of the spring, x is calculated by using the formula,
x l lo
5. The experiment is repeated by using slotted weight 40 g, 60 g,
80 g and 100 g.

TABULATE
DATA Mass of load Force, F (N) Extension of the spring,
(g) x (cm)
20
40
60
80
100

ANALSYING
DATA Extension of the spring, x (cm)

Force, F (N)

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 PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B)
SOLID PRESSURE (FORCE & PRESSURE)

INFERENCE Pressure depends on surface area

HYPHOTESIS The smaller the surface area the greater the pressure (depth of sinking)
AIM To investigate the relationship between surface area and pressure
(depth of sinking)
VARIABLES MV : surface area
RV : depth of sinking
FV : Weight / force / mass
LIST OF Plasticine, slotted weight , wooden rod and meter rule
APPARATUS
ARRANGEMENT
OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Set up the apparatus as shown on the diagram.

2. Start the experiment with a wooden rod has surface area 1 cm2.
3. Placed the load of mass 200 g on the top of wooden rod as
shown on diagram.
4. Measure the depth of sinking made on the plasticine by using
meter rule.
5. Repeat the experiment 4 times with surface area of rod 2 cm2,
3 cm2, 4 cm2 and 5cm2.
TABULATE
DATA Surface area , A (cm2) Depth of depression, d (cm)
1
2
3
4
5

ANALSYING
DATA
Depth of depression, d (cm)

Surface area, A (cm2)

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 PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B)
LIQUID PRESSURE (DENSITY & PRESSURE)

INFERENCE Pressure depends on density of liquid

HYPHOTESIS density increase, different height in manometer increase
AIM To investigate the relationship between density and different height in
manometer
VARIABLES MV : density of liquid
RV : different height in manometer
FV : depth of liquid
LIST OF Meter rule, manometer, rubber tube, thistle funnel, measuring cylinder,
APPARATUS thin rubber sheet, salt water, coloured solution, retort stand
ARRANGEMENT
OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Set up the apparatus as shown on the diagram.

2. The thistle funnel is lowered into the salt water with density 0.5
gcm-3 at a depth 20.0 cm.
3. Observed and measure the different level, h at manometer
through meter rule.
4. The experiment is repeated by using different density of salt
water which are 1.0 gcm-3, 1.5 gcm-3, 2.0 gcm-3 and 2.5 gcm-3.
TABULATE
DATA Density, Different
(gcm-3) level, h (cm)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5

ANALSYING
DATA Different level, h (cm)

Density, (gcm-3)

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 PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B)
LIQUID PRESSURE (DEPTH & PRESSURE)

INFERENCE Pressure (different height in manometer) depends on depth of liquid

HYPHOTESIS depth increase, pressure (different height in manometer) increase
AIM To investigate the relationship between depth of liquid and pressure
(different height in manometer)
VARIABLES MV : depth of liquid
RV : different height in manometer
FV : density of liquid
LIST OF Meter rule, manometer, rubber tube, thistle funnel, measuring cylinder,
APPARATUS thin rubber sheet, salt water, coloured solution, retort stand
ARRANGEMENT
OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Set up the apparatus as shown on the diagram.

2. The thistle funnel is lowered into the salt water with density
0.5 gcm-3 at a depth 0.5 cm.
3. Observed and measure the different level, h at manometer
through meter rule.
4. The experiment is repeated by lowered the thistle funnel at
different depth which are 1.0 cm, 1.5 cm, 2.0 cm and 2.5 cm.
TABULATE
DATA Depth, y (cm) Different level, h (cm)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5

ANALSYING
DATA Different level, h (cm)

Depth, y (cm)

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 PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B)
BUOYANT FORCE

INFERENCE buoyant force depends on volume of water displaced

HYPHOTESIS volume of water displaced increase, buoyant force increase
AIM To investigate the relationship between volume of water displaced and
buoyant force
VARIABLES MV : volume of water displaced (height of rod immersed)
RV : buoyant force
FV : density of liquid, cross-sectional area of rod
LIST OF Meter rule, retort stand, spring balance, aluminium rod, beaker, water,
APPARATUS string
ARRANGEMENT
OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Set up the apparatus as shown on the diagram.

2. Record the weight of the aluminium rod in the air as W o from
the spring balance.
3. The aluminium rod is slowly lowered into water until height of
rod immersed is h = 2.0 cm.
4. Record the reading of spring balance as W.
5. Buoyant force is calculated by using formula, Fb = W o W
6. The experiment is repeated by lowered the aluminium rod at
different height which are 4.0 cm, 6.0 cm, 8.0 cm and 10.0 cm.
TABULATE DATA
height of rod immersed, h (cm) Buoyant force, N
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0

ANALSYING DATA
Buoyant force, N

Height of rod
immersed, h (cm)

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 PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B)
BUOYANT FORCE (VOLUME WATER DISPLACED)

INFERENCE volume of water displaced depends on weight

HYPHOTESIS weight increase, volume of water displaced increase
AIM To investigate the relationship between weight and volume of water
displaced
VARIABLES MV : weight
RV : volume of water displaced
FV : density of liquid, cross-sectional area of tube
LIST OF Test tube, measuring cylinder, sand, water, beam balance, ball bearing
APPARATUS
ARRANGEMENT
OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Set up the apparatus as shown on the diagram.

2. Record the volume of water, V1 a shown by the measuring
cylinder.
3. Put 5 g of ball bearing in the test tube.
4. Record the volume of water as a V2.
5. Calculated the volume of water displaced, V = V2 V1
6. The experiment is repeated by using different mass of ball
bearing which are 10 g, 15 g, 20 g and 25 g.
TABULATE DATA
Mass of ball Weight, N Volume of water displaced,
bearing, g cm3
5
10
15
20
25

ANALSYING DATA
Volume of water displaced, cm3

Weight, N

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 PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B)
HEAT (COOLING RATE)

INFERENCE Rate of cooling depends on volume of water

HYPHOTESIS Volume of water increase, rate of cooling increase
AIM To investigate the relationship between rate of cooling and volume of
water
VARIABLES MV : volume of water
RV : temperature change
FV : time taken, power of heater
LIST OF Thermometer, beaker, wire gauze, Bunsen burner, tripod stand, water,
APPARATUS stopwatch, measuring cylinder
ARRANGEMENT
OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Set up the apparatus as shown on the diagram.

2. Filled 50 cm3 of water into a beaker and heated to 50 oC.
3. The bunsen burner is removed and the stopwatch is started.
4. Record the temperature change, after 30 seconds.
5. The experiment is repeated by using different volume of water
which are 100 cm3, 150 cm3, 200 cm3 and 250 cm3.
TABULATE DATA
Volume of water, Temperature
cm3 change, , oC
50
100
150
200
250

ANALSYING DATA
Temperature change, , oC

Volume of water, cm3

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 PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B)
HEAT (BOILING POINT)

INFERENCE Boiling point depends on mass of impurity

HYPHOTESIS Mass of impurity increase, boiling point increase
AIM To investigate the relationship between mass of impurity and boiling
point
VARIABLES MV : mass of impurity
RV : boiling point
FV : power of heater, volume of water
LIST OF Salt, water, immersion heater, thermometer, beaker, power supply
APPARATUS
ARRANGEMENT
OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Set up the apparatus as shown on the diagram.

2. Add 5 g of salt into the beaker with 500 ml of water.
3. Switch on the immersion heater until the water is boiling with a
constant temperature.
4. Record the boiling point using thermometer.
5. The experiment is repeated by adding mass of salt, 10 g, 15 g,
20 g and 25 g.
TABULATE DATA
Mass of salt, g Boiling point oC
5
10
15
20
25

ANALSYING DATA
Boiling point oC

Mass of salt, g

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 PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B)
HEAT (HEAT CAPACITY)

INFERENCE Temperature depends on mass

HYPHOTESIS mass increase, temperature decrease
AIM To investigate the relationship between mass of object and
temperature
VARIABLES MV : mass of liquid
RV : increase in temperature
FV : time taken of heating, specific heat capacity of liquid
LIST OF Beaker, polystyrene cup, slotted weight, Bunsen burner, thermometer,
APPARATUS water, tripod stand
ARRANGEMENT
OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Set up the apparatus as shown on the diagram.

2. Fill a polystyrene cup with 200 cm3 of water. The initial
temperature, 1 is recorded.
3. A 100 g slotted weight is heated in boiling water until 100oC.
4. The slotted weight is quickly transferred from beaker to the
polystyrene cup.
5. The highest temperature reached, 2 is recorded.
6. The rise in temperature is determined by using the formula
= 2 1.
7. The experiment is repeated by using slotted weight of mass
200 g, 300 g, 400 g and 500 g.
TABULATE DATA
Mass, m (g) Temperature
change, , ( oC)
50
100
150
200
250

ANALSYING DATA
Temperature change, , ( oC)

Mass, m (g)

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 PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B)
GAS LAW (BOYLES LAW)

INFERENCE volume of air depends on pressure of air

HYPHOTESIS volume of air increase, pressure of air decrease
AIM To investigate the relationship between volume of air and pressure of
air
VARIABLES MV : volume of air
RV : pressure of air
FV : mass of air, temperature of air
LIST OF Syringe, rubber tube, Bourdon gauge, piston
APPARATUS
ARRANGEMENT
OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Set up the apparatus as shown on the diagram.

2. Piston is push until the volume of air is 80 cm3.
3. Observed and record the pressure of air through bourdon
gauge.
4. The experiment is repeated by pushing the piston at different
volume of air which are 70 cm3, 60 cm3, 50 cm3 and 40 cm3.
TABULATE DATA
Volume of air, V Pressure of air, P
(cm3) (Pa)
80
70
60
50
40

ANALSYING DATA
Pressure of air, P (Pa)

Volume of air, V (cm3)

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 PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B)
GAS LAW (CHARLES LAW)

INFERENCE Volume of air depends on temperature

HYPHOTESIS temperature increase, volume of air increase
AIM To investigate the relationship between volume of air and temperature
VARIABLES MV : temperature
RV : volume of air (length of air column)
FV : mass of air, pressure of air
LIST OF Thermometer, meter rule, retort stand, concentrated sulphuric acid,
APPARATUS water, rubber bands, capillary tube, Bunsen burner, wire gauge
ARRANGEMENT
OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Set up the apparatus as shown on the diagram.

2. Heat the water and stir continuously until the temperature
reaches 30oC.
3. Observed and record the length of air column, L using meter
rule.
4. The experiment is repeated by heating the water to
temperature 40oC, 50oC, 60oC and 70oC.
TABULATE DATA
Temperature, oC Volume of air, cm3
30
40
50
60
70

ANALSYING DATA
Volume of air, cm3

Temperature, oC

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 PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B)
GAS LAW (PRESSURE LAW)

INFERENCE pressure of air depends on temperature of air

HYPHOTESIS temperature of air increase, pressure of air increase
AIM To investigate the relationship between pressure of air and
temperature of air
VARIABLES MV : temperature of air
RV : pressure of air
FV : mass of air, volume of air
LIST OF Bourdon gauge, round bottom flask, rubber tube, thermometer, water,
APPARATUS bunsen burner, wire gauge
ARRANGEMENT
OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Set up the apparatus as shown on the diagram.

2. Heat the water and stir continuously until the temperature
reaches 30oC.
3. Observed and record the pressure of air using bourdon gauge.
4. The experiment is repeated by heating the water to
temperature 40oC, 50oC, 60oC and 70oC.
TABULATE DATA
Temperature of air, oC Pressure of air, Pa
30
40
50
60
70

ANALSYING DATA
Pressure of air, Pa

Temperature of air, oC

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 PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B)
LIGHT (REFRACTION)

INFERENCE Angle of refraction depends on angle of incidence

HYPHOTESIS Angle of incidence increase, angle of refraction increase
AIM To investigate the relationship between angle of incidence and angle of
refraction
VARIABLES MV : Angle of incidence
RV : angle of refraction
FV : refractive index of glass block, density of the glass block
LIST OF Glass block (or semicircular glass block), ray box, protractor, white paper,
APPARATUS pencil, meter rule, single slid slide
ARRANGEMENT
OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Set up the apparatus as shown on the diagram.

2. Direct a narrow beam from the ray box at an angle of incidence,
i = 100.
3. The refracted ray is marked and the refracted angle, r is measured
using a protractor.
4. The experiment is repeated for values of i = 200, 300, 400 and 500.
TABULATE
DATA Angle of incidence, i (0) Angle of refracted, r (0)
10
20
30
40
50

ANALSYING
Angle of refracted, r (0)
DATA

Angle of incidence, i (0)

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 PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B)
LIGHT (IMAGE DISTANCE)

INFERENCE Image distance depends on object distance

HYPHOTESIS Object distance increase, image distance decrease
AIM To investigate the relationship between object distance and image distance
VARIABLES MV : object distance
RV : image distance
FV : focal length of convex lens, power of lens
LIST OF Convex lens (focal length 10.0 cm), light bulb, lens holder, screen, power
APPARATUS supply, meter rule
ARRANGEMENT
OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Set up the apparatus as shown on the diagram.

2. Placed the convex lens at a distance, u = 12.0 cm from the light
bulb.
3. Switch on the power supply. The screen is adjusted until sharp
image of the filament is formed.
4. The image distance, v is measured using meter rule.
5. The experiment is repeated for object distance, u = 16.0 cm,
20.0 cm, 24.0 cm and 28.0 cm.
TABULATE
DATA object distance, cm image distance, cm
12.0
16.0
20.0
24.0
28.0

ANALSYING
image distance, cm
DATA

object distance, cm

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 PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B)
INTERFERENCE OF SOUND

Keyword :

a = distance between two speakers

x = distance between two consecutive loud or soft sound
D = distance between the source and sound heard
= wavelength

INFERENCE x depends on a
HYPHOTESIS a increase, x decrease
AIM To investigate the relationship between a and x
VARIABLES MV : a, distance between two speakers
RV : x, distance between two consecutive loud or soft sound
FV : D, distance between the speakers and the sound heard
LIST OF Audio signal generator, loudspeakers, meter rule
APPARATUS
ARRANGEMENT
OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Set up the apparatus as shown on the diagram.

2. Adjust the separation, a of the two loudspeakers to 1.0 m
3. Switch on the generator.
4. An observer stands 5.0 m in front of the loudspeakers and walk in a
straight line parallel to the loudspeakers.
5. The distance between two consecutive loud sounds heard, x is
measured by the meter rule.
6. Repeat the experiment by adjusting the distance between two
loudspeakers which is 1.2 m, 1.4 m. 1.6 m and 1.8 m.

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 PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B)
TABULATE
DATA Distance, a/m Distance, x/m
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8

ANALSYING
DATA

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 PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B)
WAVE (DEPTH AND WAVELENGTH)

INFERENCE depth affects wavelength

HYPHOTESIS Depth increases, wavelength increases
AIM To investigate the relationship between depth and wavelength
VARIABLES MV : depth, h or number of Perspex
RV : wavelength,
FV : frequency
LIST OF d.c. power supply, ripple tank and accessories, lamp, meter rule, white
APPARATUS paper, 5 pieces of Perspex / glass, stroboscope

ARRANGEMENT
OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. The current was switched on.

2. The put one piece of Perspex in the ripple tank.
3. Mark the position of wave on the white paper as seen through the
Stroboscope.
4. Measure the wavelength with meter rule.
5. The procedure was repeated for different depth by putting pieces of
Perspex on top of the previous Perspex in the ripple tank; 2,3,4 and
5 number of Perspex.

TABULATE
DATA Depth / cm or number of Wavelength /
Perspex cm
1
2
3
4
5

ANALSYING
DATA

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 PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B)
ELECTRICITY (RESISTANCE AND LENGTH OF WIRE) (I)

INFERENCE Resistance depends on the length of wire

HYPHOTESIS The longer the wire, the higher the resistance
AIM To investigate the relationship between length of wire and its resistance
VARIABLES MV : length of wire, l
RV : resistance, R
FV : cross section area, A // diameter of wire
LIST OF Constantan wire, dry cells, rheostat, voltmeter, ammeter, meter rule,
APPARATUS connecting wires, switch and jockey
ARRANGEMENT
OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Turn on the switch.

2. Place the jockey at length of wire, l = 20.0 cm.
3. Adjust the rheostat until the ammeter shows, I = 0.5 A .
4. Measure the potential difference, V.
5. Calculate resistance, R using the formula, R = V/I.
6. Repeat the experiment for different lengths, l = 40.0 cm, 60.0 cm,
80.0 cm and 100.0 cm.
TABULATE
DATA length of wire, l / cm resistance, R /
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0

ANALSYING
DATA

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 PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B)
ELECTRICITY (RESISTANCE AND LENGTH OF WIRE) (II)

INFERENCE Resistance depends on length of conductor

HYPHOTESIS Length of conductor increase, resistance increase
AIM To investigate the relationship between resistance and length of
conductor
VARIABLES MV : length of conductor
RV : resistance
FV : cross-sectional area of the conductor, diameter of the conductor,
resistivity of the conductor, temperature
LIST OF Dry cell, switch, ammeter, constantan wire, voltmeter, wire connecting,
APPARATUS meter rule
ARRANGEMENT
OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Switched on the switch and start the experiment with length of
constantan wire with length 10.0 cm as shown on diagram above.
2. Observe and record the reading of ammeter and voltmeter.
V
3. Resistance is calculated by using the formula R .
I
4. Repeat the experiment 4 times with different length of constantan
wire which are 15.0 cm, 20.0 cm. 25.0 cm and 30.0 cm.
TABULATE
DATA Length , l (cm) R ()
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0

ANALSYING
DATA
R ()

Length , l (cm)

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 PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B)
ELECTRICITY (OHMS LAW)

INFERENCE The current flowing through the bulb is influenced by the potential
difference across it
HYPHOTESIS The higher the current flows through a wire, the higher the potential
difference across it.
AIM To investigate the relationship between current and potential difference for
a constantan wire.
VARIABLES MV : current, I
RV : potential difference, V
FV : length of the wire // cross sectional area
LIST OF Constantan wire, dry cells, rheostat, voltmeter, ammeter, meter rule,
APPARATUS connecting wires
ARRANGEMENT
OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Set up the apparatus as shown in the figure.

2. Turn on the switch and adjust the rheostat so that the ammeter
reads the current, I= 0.2 A.
3. Read and record the potential difference, V across the wire through
voltmeter.
4. Repeat experiment for I = 0.3 A, 0.4 A, 0.5 A and 0.6 A.

TABULATE
DATA Current, I /A Volt, V / V
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6

ANALSYING
DATA

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 PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B)
ELECTROMAGNETISME (CURRENT AND NO. OF TURNS)

INFERENCE Strength of the magnetic field depends on current

HYPHOTESIS When current increase, number of paper clips attracted increase
AIM To investigate the relationship between current and number of paper clips
attracted
VARIABLES MV : Current, I
RV : Number of paper clips attracted, N
FV : Number of turns of wire in the solenoid
LIST OF Long iron rod, wooden clamp, insulated (PVC) copper wire, low-voltage
APPARATUS high current d.c supply, ammeter, rheostat, retort stand, paper clips, beaker
ARRANGEMENT
OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Arrange the apparatus as shown in the diagram above.

2. The switch is closed and the rheostat is adjusted so that the
current, I = 0.5 A.
3. The beaker is withdrawn and the current is switch off.
4. The paper clips which fall onto the table a collected and counted.
5. The experiment is repeated with different value of currents
which is I = 1.0 A, 1.5 A, 2.0 A and 2.5 A.

TABULATE
DATA Current, I / A Number of paper clips attracted, N
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5

ANALSYING
DATA

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 PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B)
ELECTROMAGNETISME (INDUCED CURRENT)

INFERENCE Induced current depend on the height of magnet bar release

HYPHOTESIS The induced current increases when the height of magnet bar release
increases
AIM To investigate the relationship between height of magnet bar release and
the induced current.
VARIABLES MV : height of magnet bar release
RV : induced current
FV : number of the turns in the coils.
LIST OF Bar magnet, cardboard tube, ammeter, insulated copper wire and meter
APPARATUS rule.
ARRANGEMENT
OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Set up the apparatus as shown on the diagram.

2. Release the bar magnet at height, h = 5.0 cm above the top end
of the solenoid.
3. Observe and record the reading of induced current through the
ammeter.
4. Repeat the experiment 4 times with different height of magnet bar
release which are 10.0 cm, 15.0 cm, 20.0 cm and 25.0 cm.
TABULATE
DATA height of magnet bar release, h (cm) induced current, I (A)
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0

ANALSYING
DATA I (A)

h (cm)

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 PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B)
ELECTROMAGNETISME (TRANSFORMER)

INFERENCE Output voltage depends on the number of turns of wire in the secondary
coli
HYPHOTESIS The number of turns of wire in the secondary coil increase, output
voltage increase
AIM To investigate the relationship between output voltage and the number of
turns of wire in the secondary coil
VARIABLES MV : number of turns of wire in the secondary coil
RV : output voltage
FV : number of turns of wire in the primary coil
LIST OF ac voltage, primary coil, secondary coil, soft iron core, output voltage,
APPARATUS number of turns of secondary coil, number of turns of primary coil
ARRANGEMENT
OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Use 900 turns copper coil as the primary coil and 100 turns of
secondary coil of the transformer.
2. The switch is on and the output voltage is measured by using a
voltmeter.
3. Repeat the experiment 4 times with different number of turns of
secondary coil which are 200 turns, 300 turns, 400 turns and 500
turns.
TABULATE
DATA Ns V (V)
100
200
300
400
500

ANALSYING
V (V)
DATA

Ns

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