Newly utilized about 6%.

In remote areas,

EXPERIMENTAL OPTIMIZATION OF SULDEE TYPE IN PUMP

WRITTEN AS A TURBINE FOR ELECTRICAL POWER
PICOHIDRO POWER

Hantarum
1,1Dwi Aries H.2*, D Danardono DPT.2, Sukmaji Indro C.2, Titis Srimuda Pitana3
Mahasiswa Magister Jurusan Teknik Mesin Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta
2
Staf Pengajar Jurusan Teknik Mesin Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta
*Koresponden : Dwi Aries H., Teknik Mesin Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta,
Email : dwiarieshimawanto@gmail.com
3Staf Pengajar Jurusan Teknik Arsitektur - Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

Keywords : Abtract :
Pump as turbine This study emphasizes the experimental pump functioned as turbine
Variation of blad (PAT) by modifying the angle of entry and exit on the PAT blade. A pump for
Electric power is a solution paddy NS-50 pump with a capacity of 563.22 litre/ minute and head 20 m
for the electric needs of the tested in the laboratory of the Sebelas Maret University of Surakarta to obtain
community specific round figures. In this study the variables used are head (H) is 4 metre
and the angle variation of the blade entry and exit totally 7 different
specimens as well as variations in the shape of the blade is rectangular, round
and oval. Pumps as turbines then connected to the generator and the result is
electric power.
Result of the research showed that the best variation is at the variation
of the angle outgoing and incoming angles of 30/30, the rotation happens is
850 rpm and the generated power is 90 watts. The results of the experiments
showed good results theoritically. It is suggested to further modifications by
using the same pump, expected better results in order to achieve the best
efficiency point of PAT.

1. Introduce The fulfillment of electricity needs through hydropower

Currently energy development is proportional
Can be assisted by Power Plant
Straight with the times. Growth
Micro Hydro Electricity (PLTMH).
Population, industrial development, and progress
Indonesia's natural conditions are very rich
Technology being the main reason as well as evidence that
Potential water that can be utilized as
Energy is very important for this life.
power plants. Therefore, it needs optimization
The need for this energy is unfortunately not
Utilization of the water resources to
In tandem with the resources utilized
Energy fulfillment. Hydro pico system as wrong
Or used as the primary source of the producer
A new renewable energy source that can
energy. In 2010, many countries have
Provide great benefits for the community within
Realize the importance of utilizing resources
Meet electrical energy without having to pull out
Renewable energy instead of energy
High cost for power transmission system or
Renewable such as petroleum, coal and gas
Environmental care in general because
Which has had a profound impact
Implementation integrated system with
Damaging to the earth. With increasingly
Utilization.
Depletion of non-renewable energy sources
The basic principle of hydropower, if water can
Will release carbon emissions into the atmosphere
Channeled from a certain height to a level
Become a major contributor to heating
Lower, then the resulting water head can
global.
Used to do the work. Use
In 2025, Indonesia is targeting the level
It can drive mechanical components
Electricity reaches 90% for residents with
Into rotational energy supplied to the shaft
The number of times (predictions) is more than 273 million people.
To drive a generator to
The standard average need for electricity is 450
Generate electricity. Selection of a good turbine
Watts per house. Thus it is required
For each particular place depends on
About 9000 MW until 2025. Generators
Available spot, head and debit characteristics.
Electric Power (Hydropower) in Indonesia has the potential
Innovation Turbine is modern, expensive all that
Reaching 70,000 MW. Therefore
Become an obstacle for rural communities. However,
A shortage of 9000 MW is predicted to be met
If we use mass produced pumps
Through hydropower. Of the 70,000 MW potential
And reasonably priced, clean, green and sustainable
rural.
When
The thetargeted
pumpgeneration
is operatedscale as a for
turbine, Its hydrodynamic (Generally
The maximum 1500efficiency
rpm). Becauseis 21.65%,
there which
are manyis obtained
types ofatpumps
90 needle
that
Householdwill
properties usage change.
rangesSome fromResearchers
400W - 5 kW. have proposed several and can Used
45 pinhole,
as a turbine,and +Chapallaz et al (1992) Provide guidance to
methodsOnefor of Estimate
the economical the bestalternatives
operating pointto of a Pump if operated assistbucket
15% in Determination
size and 92of angle
appropriate
of entry.
pumps
This as turbines, such as
Build
as turbine.
small-scale
ButValidation
hydro power between plants
the proposed method and the Obtained Which is shownmay beindue Figure
to lighter
1.2. Multistage
than + 15%pump bucket
Usually used in very
Is to useObtained
results the pump experimentally
as a turbine. still shows Some irregularities. Compared high head conditions,
to standard buckets and pressure
The field
Derakhshan
of science andthatNourbakhsh
specializes(2in0operating
0 8) the pump Produced by water jet in the middle of the bucket, where
As this turbine
Conducting numerical
is often and referred
experimental
to as PAT,studies To the The water load occupies a large area on the surface
Stands for Pumps
hydrodynamic nature
As Turbine.
of the pump Some whentypesoperated
Bucket and the resulting speed increases. 1.2 s Turbine Turbine
Water
As a turbine.
pump can By be using
applied
the device
as a water
Soft turbine,
CFD FineTurbo V.7, they
Speed Triangle Gambar 1.3. Segitiga kecepatan pada sudu turbin
Usually Numerically
analyze the pump is driven the hydrodynamic
by an electricnature
motoroffor
PAT. Results
impuls
Raisingissome
Which obtainedwaternumerically
to a certainlater height.
Validated by experimenting. On
Triangle speed is
In the research,
Their application theofresults
the pump of numerical
as a turbine,analysis
the working
of CFDsprinciple
and
Kinematics flow of fluid pounding the blade
The pump is reversed
Experimental results for thata centrifugal
is given thepump fall of water from a height
turbine. With an understanding of the speed triangle will
Certain to rotate the pump impeller. Round
With specific rotation N = 23.5 (m, m3 / s) is present Very helpful in understanding the conversion process
This impeller will be forwarded to rotate the generator
difference. On the turbine blades.
Derakhshandkk. (2009) performs Notation of the speed triangle is
Research to improve pump efficiency as follows :
Centrifugal if operated as a turbine. Vs1 = The absolute speed of the remaining liquid
By using gradient optimization method
Typical hydropower systems convert energy from water Nozzle
And incomplete-sensitivities
Which falls into mechanical energy combined withmethods
the turbine. In VB = Speed of blade
With equation
Some cases, may solving
be more software
appropriate for Vr1 = the relative velocity of the fluid
Navier Stokes 3D, they focus
Replacing turbine with centrifugal water pump,on modifications Vr2 =Multistage
Relative velocity
pump onleaving liquid
The blade shape of
And run it in reverse. One of the pump impeller. The results are Sword Head conditions, and flow rate.
Obtained
An numerically
economical alternativeindicates will
to build Vs2 = The absolute
According to speed
Williamsof the remaining
(1996) the mainliquid
weakness
There scale
Small is an increase
hydro power in efficiency
plant is if done Sword
Of the PAT system is characteristic of the curve on
Modify
By usingittheby pump
creating as more bladeField
a turbine. profiles Turbine
= nozzlemode anglethat is not usually included with
Round at the entrance and
The science of special operate pump as the hub / pump. Thisincoming
= angle of angle to choose a pump
makes it difficult
Shoroud.
This turbineOptimization
is often referred resultstoshow
as PAT, an increase Which
= angleisexit angle
appropriate for each and multiple applications
Torque,for
Stands head,
Pump andAs hydraulic
Turbine.efficiency
Usually pumps respectively Methods
= liquid outlet
have been developed in order to
By 4.25%,
Driven by an 1.97%
electricandmotor
2.2% to respectively.
raise On From triangle
Predict turbine above speed,mode.
character length
Their research is done
Some water to a certain height. On also stage optimization In short, the lines represent
Nepal Micro Hydro Power the big(2005)
ones
Second withof
Application thethe results
pumpofasthe efficiency
a turbine, theof head, andof the Speed
torque,principle
working of each. For example liquid
Estimating direct factors 1.38 for head and
Hydraulics respectively 2.27%, 1.08%, and
pump Put thefor
1.25 bladeflow at rate
Vs1turbine
and then out pump operation.
mode
1.17%.
Reversed that is given the fall of water from a height It has been reduced to Vs2
However, when Smitt (2005) conducted with one line an experiment
Arriaga (2010) reported
Certain to rotate the pump impeller. Round the installation Shorter, means some liquid
PAT system, the results show direct kinetic energy
factors 2
Pumps
This as turbines
impeller will be in aforwarded
countryside in the country
to rotate TheFor head and 1.65 for flow rate. This kinetic
inlet of the blade is converted into matter energy from the blade
Lao Democratic.
Generator to generate In theelectricity.
village is installed a With
Show thethat
speed whileof VB,
this then
method the liquid already
PAT with
Someoutputadvantagespowerof ofpump
2 kW.applications
Installation,as Gives
Simple,his energy to leavedepending
varied factors the knife on the pump
Surgery, and
Water turbine is: treatment performed by residents SpeedVs2.
And models. The factor should be only
local.
1. As aCost
massand electionproducts,
industrial calculationspumps InUsed
turbines,
whenthe process of energy
experimental data canchange begins
be obtained
System
Easilycomponentsystem
obtained with a variety of head - Occurs
From in thethe inlet, the expansion
manufacturer, and thenofjustthetoliquid in the inlet. In
the pump
Overall
Flow,also reported.
available Ramos types
in various and Borga
and sizes. The process
Which is veryof expansion
similar toin the inlet, which is experiencing fluid
construction.
(1999)
2. Easyperforms
to install.operational theory analysis energy In general, pumps are available
Pump as turbine. On their report only
3. Prices are relatively cheap than turbines, and tribes Down, so do the
The market pressure.
is not Simultaneously
accompanied by a characteristic curve
Solve theeasy
Spare mathematical
to obtain. equations With
If itaoperates
decreaseasina energy
turbine.and pressure, speed
Derakhshan and
ToPump
4. gain potential
application pump canusage
be connected directly The liquid rises,
Nourbakhsh in other
(2010), words the
conducted ankinetic energy study
experimental of the liquid
As By
a turbine.
a generator (directdrive) or Up due to expansion process. Then,
To determine the pump characteristics curve fluid
D.A.
UsingHimawanto
pulley-beltetmechanicalal (2015) in his research
transmission With high kinetic
Centrifugal energy as
if operated pounding turbine blades
a turbine.
To (Indirect
seek the highest
drive) when efficiency among
the pump theas
spins various And give some energy to the
Some centrifugal pumps for industrial onesknif
TypeTheofturbine
Pelton is turbine
not the through
same as volume modification
the generator spin Has a specific rotation smaller than 60
Bucket, bucket entry angle, and guide tip (N s <60 (m, m / s) is operated as a turbine and
Nozzle performed at the Conversion Laboratory Tested its efficiency. Testing done with
Energy from Sebelas Maret University. Intermediate study Using a closed system installation.
Different parameters show that value Using experiment data,
Some equations are put forward to find the point
Best efficiency point. They
Also proposed two equations for
Predict the characteristics of the centrifugal pump if
And high flow rate.Figure 1.1 Centrifugal Pumps Operated as a turbin
(A) functions as a pump; (B) works
,

So it is also moving. Energy changes

With the collision of fluid in the blade is the principle of impulse.
For energy changes with the reaction principle,
Turbine reaction blade works like a nozzle. This matter
Means, at the turbine blades the reaction takes place
Expansion, ie a decrease in fluid pressure with
Accompanied by speed increases. Because of the principle of
reaction
Is a movement against action, so it can be understood
With an increase in fluid velocity on the turbine blades
Reaction, turbine blades will move by value
The velocity in the opposite direction.
Nautiyal and Kumar (2010) perform
Review research on published PAT.
Approximately 43 research reports on PAT,
Whether published through journals or
Through scientific conferences made reference to
Reviewed. The PAT research topics Additional background of this research.
Divided into several categories, namely: PAT research Gambar 2.1 Test Specimens
Analytically, experimental PAT research, Details of equipment used in
Research PAT using devices This research is:
Soft CFD, impeller modification on PAT, and 1. Reservoir capacity of 1000 liters
Some PAT applications. Their conclusion 2. Pump NS 50
Get among others: PAT is very suitable 3. Centrifugal Pumps
Applied among others for power generation 4. Electric Generator.
In remote areas, as osmotic propulsion 5. Tachometer.
Inverted (RO), and as a driver of water distribution. 6. Preasure Gauge
There is no generally accepted method in 7. StopWatch
Do the best PAT efficiency prediction. 8. Volt Meter
Research in modifying impeller shape 9. Ampere Meter
Not much done yet. Use of CFDs in 10. Slang / PVC Pipe
Exploring the PAT is also still a bit and 11. Electric Load (Incandescent Lamp), switch, fittings and
Expected to contribute more cable.
Great in the future. Water dropped will be accommodated inside
Of all the literature that has been reviewed Storage tank and will be raised back to
In this paper there are things that come into being Reservoir at the top by using the pump
Background of this research. Although it has Others as feeders. Pump specifications
Mostly done on this PAT field, but Feeder is a type of centrifugal pump with
More research is needed 3 inch diameter pipe and 10 liter / second capacity. 2.
For the increased use of PAT
more efficient. Then for the state of Indonesia
Not yet found researchers who reported the study
About this PAT. These two things are what become

2. RESEARCH METHODS
In this study the initial step is
Done is testing the impeller's performance of
Material cast iron a pump NS 50 China products
With the following specifications: capacity
563.22 liters / minute or 9,387 liters / sec
Functioned as a turbine. This pump is tested on
Fluid Machine Laboratory, Technical Laboratory
Engine University of Sebelas Maret Surakarta.
The water level used is 4 m. Results
Of the test obtained by Round of 811 rpm
And power generated at 78 watts. On
The next stage is done by replacing
Impeller of Composite materials with variations 300/450; 300/600; 300/750; 450/300; 600/300; 750/300). Figure 2.2
Slope of inlet angle and outlet angle (300/300; Installation Scheme of PAT Testing
In the form of photos, testing equipment still quite low.
Generally still below
Used one reservoir is on tower with
5 meters high. At the bottom is provided
A tank with a wider size of
Reservoir above to ensure sufficient availability
Water to be used to play PAT.
With this developed installation it can
Viewed according to the actual conditions that are in
Figure 2.3 Testing Installation
Figure 2.4 shows a pump
Which is being tested as a turbine. Such that
Shown the picture PAT is connected directly with the generator
Figure 2.4 PAT associated with Generator
Parameters measured during the test
Is the rotation of the shaft, the voltage and the electric current
Generated, spin axis occurring and discharge
Water flow fell as high as 4 m. Test procedure
Is as follows: valve on the waste pipe
Opened at desired opening (18, 36, 54,
Field later. The water level in the upper reservoir is kept constant.
Generator loaded with turn on lights.
After a stable condition is done the measurement
Voltage, current, rotation. To know the flow discharge
Water, at the beginning of the feed pump test
Discontinued and decreased water level at
Upper reservoir is recorded. This test is repeated as much three times
for each times for each disired case
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
In Table 3.1 the test results are shown,
Total testing conducted in this study
Is 7x3 times each experiment
Shown in this Table is the average value of
3 times sampling on each test specimen.
The addition of debit in this table is
Taking into account the aperture of the pipe
Input to the turbine to get the debit variation
More.
Tabel 3.1. Date Testing Result More
72, 90). The feed pump is turned on and out generator
Table 3.1 can be seen clearly
That increasing debit increases power
Output from PAT. Likewise increase
Rotation will increase the output power of PAT. This matter
In accordance with the expected that addition
The potential energy of the water will increase the output power
PAT. Generally the output power of this test result
.
33.3%, the highest is at 4.2 l / s discharge at
100% valve opening is 900 with power
Generated by 90 watts. Anyhow
Lowest around 6.3%, the lowest at 0.8 l / s discharge
At aperture 180 with the generated power of 6
Gambar 3.1 The Effect of Debit on the Round
From the graph of the influence between the debit and the PAT. In theory the relationship of discharge and rotation
value Rotation at a height measurement of 4 meters ie
In figure 3.1 There is an increase in the value of rotation
On all variations of blade curvature for rotation
174 rpm shaft up to 870 pivot rotation
Rpm. Increased rotation for K1 specimens
(300/300) at a shaft spin of 870 rpm
The highest turn this is due to the change on
Cross section which is calculated by using
Triangle speed on the blades. However
In general from the measurement results show
An increase in rotation for all variations
Curved blade against shaft rotation. Gambar 3.3. Hubungan Debit Ideal of a pump as a turbine. It is believed
dan Putaran Terhadap
Gambar 3. 2 Effect of Debit on Output Power
From the graph of the influence between the debit and the
value Power output at 4 meters height measurement
Namely in Figure 3.2 There is an increase in value
Rotation on all variations of the blade curvature to
Power 6 watts up to 90 watts power.
Increased power for K1 specimen (300/300) at
Power 90 watts experience the highest power this thing
Due to voltage and current flowing after
No charging power then calculated with
Use the power formula that occurs on
generator. But in general from the results
Measurements indicate an increase in power
Output for all variations of blade curvature the purpose
watt.to output power.
Output power
3.1 Discussion
To estimate lap upgrades
Shaft and output power if added
Debit, then in Figure 3.3 is displayed
The relationship between discharge and power rotation
The power will rise linearly from the discharge
The low to the highest, then the moment
Approaching the maximum point will decrease
Tilt or no longer linear this thing
Due to the shape of the variations on the turbine blades.
The results obtained in this study are still
Linear. This also proves that, this PAT
Still operate far below conditions
Optimum.
From the above data can be interpreted that PAT
Still operating well below lap and power
Because the discharge flow of water entering the pump is limited
Because of the pipe used in this test
Quite small ie 2 inches. Believed this pump is still
Able to convert water energy by using
Pipes with larger pipe diameter. Curves
This character of PAT is displayed on the graph at
Figure 3.3 In the graph shown, as
The x-axis parameter is the inner flow discharge
Liter / second and the vertical axis is round and power output
From data analysis and discussion can
The following conclusions are drawn:
1. Axis rotation value of 870 rpm
Indicates the fastest
Obtained from angle angle with angle variation
300 entry and 300 entry corner reach
The highest rotation of the other variations
Due to the ability to change
The water pressure from the inlet is balanced with
The ability to release pressure to the outlet.
2. Value Power output due to the influence of rotation
The shaft against the rotation on the generator
Calculated on the basis of voltage and current
3. Shaft rotation and output power
Influenced by the height of falling water and volume
Which goes into turbine as well as angular capability
Blade to change the flow velocity.
Thank-you note :
This article is part of the Scheme
Superior Research funded
DIPA (Directorate of Devotional Research To
Society) No. DIPA: 023.04.1.673453.2010.
Dated November 14, 2014, DIPA Revision 01
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