2008 PTI TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SESSION 2 - POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDER DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS ALMILA UZEL AND NEB

L AND NEB ERAKOVIC

POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER
GIRDER DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS

Overload,, Restraint and Construction Staging

g g Issues

Almla Uzel and Neb Erakovic

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2008 PTI TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SESSION 2 - POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDER DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS ALMILA UZEL AND NEB ERAKOVIC

POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDERS

Fewer columns at lower stories due to architectural

demands
High-rise tower columns that do not extend to lower
stories

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2008 PTI TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SESSION 2 - POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDER DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS ALMILA UZEL AND NEB ERAKOVIC

POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDERS

Effective Solution
Control of creep
deflections
Control of cracking
Increased load-carrying
capacity
Reduced member depth

CHALLENGES???

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2008 PTI TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SESSION 2 - POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDER DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS ALMILA UZEL AND NEB ERAKOVIC

CHALLENGES

Stage Pre-stressing and

Construction Issues

Anchorage and Bursting

Zone Reinforcement

Shear Design of Transfer

Girders

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2008 PTI TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SESSION 2 - POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDER DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS ALMILA UZEL AND NEB ERAKOVIC

STAGE PRE-STRESSING

Large concentrated loads require high pre-stressing

forces to be applied
Stressing must be completed in several stages
In order to keep stresses under allowable code
limits

Stage1 Stage2 Stage3

Peff1 Peff2 Peff3

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2008 PTI TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SESSION 2 - POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDER DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS ALMILA UZEL AND NEB ERAKOVIC

LOADS DURING INTERMEDIATE

STAGES

Balance about 80-120% of the existing dead load

Stage Stage1 - At Stressing Stage1 - Final

Pre-stressing Force P=Pi=1.15-1.20Peff1 P=Peff1
Loads on Structure 0.75(D@stressing) 1.25((D+L)@final)
Concrete Strength fci fc

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2008 PTI TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SESSION 2 - POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDER DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS ALMILA UZEL AND NEB ERAKOVIC

LOADS AT FINAL STAGE

Stage Final Stage - Stressing Final Stage - Final

Pre-stressing Force P=Pi=1.15-1.20Peff3 P=Peff3
Loads on Structure 0.75(D@stressing)
( @ g) ((D+L)@final)
(( )@ )

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 2008 PTI TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SESSION 2 - POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDER DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS ALMILA UZEL AND NEB ERAKOVIC

STAGE PRE-STRESSING AND CONSTRUCTION ISSUES

Curtain wall installation starts

while tower construction
progresses
Pocket region may be left
open
OR
Finish stressing earlier and
add
dd top
t mild
ild reinforcement
i f t
to control cracking

Lower stories may be occupied

Finish stressing earlier and
add top mild reinforcement
to control cracking

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2008 PTI TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SESSION 2 - POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDER DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS ALMILA UZEL AND NEB ERAKOVIC

ANCHORAGE AND BURSTING ZONE

Transverse stresses occur

due to high longitudinal
compression applied by the
pre-stressing force

Disturbed region extends

about beam depth away from
the face of the beam

Vertical mesh of mild

reinforcement should be
provided within this
disturbed region Adapted from
Prestressed Concrete
Structures by Collins
&Mitchell

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2008 PTI TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SESSION 2 - POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDER DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS ALMILA UZEL AND NEB ERAKOVIC

ANCHORAGE AND BURSTING ZONE

For typical anchor

arrangements tensile
stresses in the bursting
zone are about 15-20% of
the compressive
p stress
due to pre-stressing force

Congestion of mild
reinforcement

Concrete placement
becomes challenging

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2008 PTI TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SESSION 2 - POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDER DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS ALMILA UZEL AND NEB ERAKOVIC

ANCHORAGE AND BURSTING ZONE

Use of pins for easy mild

reinforcement placement

Self compacting concrete

can be used to ensure
concrete quality in casting
dense reinforcement

Research by others on
Steel Fiber Reinforced
Concrete to reduce the
amount of required mild
reinforcement

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2008 PTI TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SESSION 2 - POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDER DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS ALMILA UZEL AND NEB ERAKOVIC

ANCHORAGE AND BURSTING ZONE

Veer Towers MGM City Center Project

Three PT transfer girders intersecting at

one point

Single leg pins are used for easy rebar

placement

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2008 PTI TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SESSION 2 - POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDER DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS ALMILA UZEL AND NEB ERAKOVIC

SHEAR DESIGN OF POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDERS

High rise tower columns are transferred at lower stories

Transfer girders are subjected to large shear forces and
bending moments due to large concentrated loads
Shear design of PT transfer girders becomes important

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2008 PTI TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SESSION 2 - POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDER DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS ALMILA UZEL AND NEB ERAKOVIC

SHEAR DESIGN OF POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDERS

Response-2000 (Bentz, 1999) Non-linear Sectional Analysis

Program based on Modified Compression Field Theory
(Vecchio&Collins, 1986)
R2K considers the adverse effect of bending moment on
the shear capacity of a reinforced concrete section
Slope
S ope of
o tendon
te do at the
t eaanalyzed
a y ed sect
section
o aand
d tthe
eppre-
e
stressing force can easily be defined

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2008 PTI TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SESSION 2 - POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDER DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS ALMILA UZEL AND NEB ERAKOVIC

SHEAR DESIGN OF POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDERS

M/V= 12.5 ft. Peff=5330 kips

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2008 PTI TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SESSION 2 - POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDER DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS ALMILA UZEL AND NEB ERAKOVIC

SHEAR DESIGN OF POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDERS

b=h=80
Peff=5330 kips
Mu =37500 ft-kips
Vu=3000 kips
d=8.24 ft.
M/V@d=37500/3000=12.5 ft

Vc=(0.6 fc+700Vud/Mu)bwd
ACI318-99 VcACI=4300 kips

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2008 PTI TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SESSION 2 - POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDER DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS ALMILA UZEL AND NEB ERAKOVIC

SHEAR DESIGN OF POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDERS

M/V=12.5 ft VnR2K= 0.85*3196 = 2717 kips < Vu= 3000 kips

VnACI= 0.85*5068 = 4310 kips > Vu= 3000 kips

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2008 PTI TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SESSION 2 - POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDER DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS ALMILA UZEL AND NEB ERAKOVIC

SHEAR DESIGN OF POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDERS

M/V=12.5 ft 3-#5@8 VnR2K=0.85*5506=4680 kips>Vu=3000 kips

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2008 PTI TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SESSION 2 - POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDER DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS ALMILA UZEL AND NEB ERAKOVIC

POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDERS

Offset Columns as a result of architectural design

Perpendicular beams introduced to avoid torsional
rotation

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2008 PTI TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SESSION 2 - POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDER DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS ALMILA UZEL AND NEB ERAKOVIC

POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDERS

Perpendicular beams
are introduced to
avoid torsional
rotation of the
transfer girder
g

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2008 PTI TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SESSION 2 - POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDER DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS ALMILA UZEL AND NEB ERAKOVIC

NLFE ANALYSIS OF INTERSECTION OF TWO BEAMS

The intersection of these two beams is a disturbed area

Analyzed using VecTor (NLFEA) based on MCFT

3PT3

3PT5

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2008 PTI TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SESSION 2 - POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDER DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS ALMILA UZEL AND NEB ERAKOVIC

NLFE ANALYSIS OF INTERSECTION OF TWO BEAMS

Push-out failure of the bottom of supporting beam with

no hanger reinforcement

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2008 PTI TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SESSION 2 - POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDER DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS ALMILA UZEL AND NEB ERAKOVIC

NLFE ANALYSIS RESULTS

Additional transverse reinforcement should be placed

to avoid push-out
push out failure of supporting beam

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2008 PTI TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SESSION 2 - POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDER DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS ALMILA UZEL AND NEB ERAKOVIC

ADDITIONAL TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT

Adapted from
CSA-A23.3-04

CSA-A23.3-04 requires additional reinforcement capable

of transmitting a tensile force of

Tf=(1-h
(1 hb/h1)*Vf

However, ACI318 does not specify any requirements

g g the shear design
regarding g of such regions
g

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2008 PTI TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SESSION 2 - POST-TENSIONED TRANSFER GIRDER DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS ALMILA UZEL AND NEB ERAKOVIC

CONCLUSIONS

The Use of Post-tensioned

T
Transfer
f Gi
Girders
d E
Enables
bl th
the
Engineer to Provide Economical
Solutions
Stage Post-tensioning
Post tensioning
Assessment of Loads on
Structure at Different
Construction Stages
Anchorage and Bursting Zone -
Reinforcement Congestion
Shear Design of Transfer Girders
That are Subjected to Large
Concentrated Loads
Beam-to-beam Intersection Zone
Reinforcement

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