CONCRETE DECK MATERIAL AND SECTION PROPERTIES

Girder Spacing, Maximum SGdr = 2.1 m

Number of Girders NGdr = 10

Overall deck with Wdeck = 21 m

Deck Slab thickness tdeck = 200 mm

Concrete top cover Ctop = 40 mm

Concrete bottom cover Cbot = 20 mm

Wearing Surface tws = 50 mm

Concrete Strength fc = 27.6 MPa

Reinforcement Strength fy = 276 MPa

Unit weight of Concrete c = 24 kN/m3

Miscellaneous Wmisc = 0.1 kPa

Fill Materials (Deck Overlay) fill = 18 kN/m3

Resistance factors str = 0.90 (strength limit state) AASHTO 5.5.4.2

EE = 1.00 (extreme event limit state) AASHTO 1.3.2.1

Correction Factor for source aggregate K1 = 1.00

Modulus of elasticity of steel Es = 200000 MPa

Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete Ec = 4730fc = 24840 MPa

Modular Ratio n = Es /Ec = 8.052

UNFACTORED DEAD LOADS

Dead Loads moments are calculated for 1-meter wide section of the bridge deck using approved structural
analysis methods. This includes continuous beam equation, moment distribution, simple beam equation,
or finite element analysis. Below bending moments produced by Dead Load are calculated based on the
Continuous Beam Coefficients Table (AISC Table 3-22c).

1. Dead Load of Structural Components (DL):

DLdeck = c tdeck * 1 m = 24 kN/m3 * (0.2 m) * 1 m = 4.8 kN/m
Positive Moment from DL:
+Mdl = 0.07 DL SGdr2 = 0.07 * 4.8 *(2.1)2 = 1.482 kN-m
Negative Moment from DL:
-Mdl = -0.125 DL SGdr2 = -0.125 * 4.8 *(2.1)2 = - 2.646 kN-m
2. Dead Load of wearing surfaces and utilities (DW)
DWws = Wws tws * 1 m = 18 kN/m3 * (0.05 m) * 1 m = 0.9 kN/m
DWmisc = Wmisc 1 m = 0.1 kN/m2 * 1 m = 0.1 kN/m
 Total DW = DWws + DWmisc = 1 kN/m
Positive Moment from DL:
+Mdw = 0.07 DW SGdr2 = 0.07 * 1 *(2.1)2 = 0.3087 kN-m
Negative Moment from DL:
-Mdw = -0.125 DW SGdr2 = -0.125 * 1 *(2.1)2 = - 0.551 kN-m
UNFACTORED LIVE LOADS
In general, Live Load effects can be calculated by modeling the deck as a beam supported on
girders, with one or more axles placed side by side. These loads are moved transversely to maximize the
moments. To determine Live Load moment per unit width of the bridge, calculated total Live Load
moment is divided by an equivalent strip width, calculated per equations from AASHTO LRFD Bridge
Design Specifications T.4.6.2.1.3-1.
In lieu of determining an equivalent strip width, for bridges with decks supported on three or
more girders, Live Load moment can be determined using AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications
Appendix A4 T.A4-1. This table lists positive and negative Live Load moments calculated using the
Equivalent Strip Method. Table values include multiple presence factors and the dynamic load allowance.
Interpolation between given values is allowed. To use this table, distance from centerline of girder to
design section for negative moment has to be calculated first.

Maximum Live Loads per unit width:

Positive Moment from LL +MLL = 0.023380 kN-m AASHTO T. A4-1
Negative Moment from LL -MLL = 0.026780 kN-m AASHTO T. A4-1

FACTORED DESIGN LOADS

Concrete decks must be investigated for strength, service and extreme limit states. Fatigue and
fracture limit states do not need to be investigated (AASHTO 9.5).
Mu = [DlMDl + DWMDW + m LL(MLL+ IM)]

= 1.0 load modifier

- load factors specified in AASHTO T.3.4.1-1, T.3.4.1-2

m multiple presence factor, included in values from AASHTO T. A4-1

IM dynamic load allowance, included in values from AASHTO T. A4-1

Maximum Load Factor Design Moments

Load Combination
Dl DW LL +Mu (kN-m.) -Mu (kN-m.)
Strength I 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.356 -4.181
Service I 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.814 -3.224

Controlling positive factored Moment +Mu = 2.356 kN-m

Controlling negative factored moment -Mu = -4.181 kN-m

Dead Load Deck Moment Diagram