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INTERPRETACION DE TEXTOS
EN IDIOMA INGLES
Darwin Tabares
Los verbos modales son verbos auxiliares que no pueden funcionar como un verbo
principal, a diferencia de los verbos auxiliares be, do y have que s pueden funcionar
como un verbo principal.
Como verbos complementarios que son, los verbos modales no funcionan sin otro verbo.
Este otro verbo siempre va despus del verbo modal y est en la forma base (el infinitivo
sin to). No se conjugan los verbos modales y no tienen tiempo.
can
could
may
might
will
shall
should
ought to
must/have to
would
Usos
Can indica habilidad o posibilidad. En estos casos puede ser traducido como
poder en espaol.
Ejemplos:
I can speak five languages. (Puedo hablar cinco idiomas.)
We can work late tonight if you need us. (Podemos trabajar hasta tarde esta
noche si nos necesitas.)
Ejemplos:
Joe could speak Spanish when he was young. (Joe poda hablar espaol cuando era
joven.)
I couldnt sleep last night. (No pude dormir anoche.)
Ejemplos:
You could pass the test if you studied. (Podras pasar el examen si estudiaras.)
I think it could rain later. (Creo que podra llover ms tarde.)
Como can, en frases interrogativas could puede solicitar permiso o preguntar sobre
las posibilidades, pero es ms formal.
Could you pass the salt please? (Podra pasarme la sal por favor?)
Could you help me? (Podras ayudarme?)
Ejemplos:
I would bring an umbrella, it may rain later. (Llevara un paraguas, puede llover
ms tarde.)
It may be better to finish this now, rather than wait until tomorrow. (Tal vez sea
mejor terminar esto ahora, en lugar de esperar hasta maana.)
Ejemplos:
May I have a glass of water? (Podra tomar un vaso de agua?)
May I leave now? (Podra salir ahora?)
Ejemplos:
I would bring an umbrella, it might rain later. (Yo llevara un paraguas, puede llover
ms tarde.)
It might be better to finish this now, rather than wait until tomorrow. (Tal vez sea
mejor terminar esto ahora, en lugar de esperar hasta maana.)
Tambin se puede usar al igual que may, para pedir permisos o hacer peticiones
corteses, aunque este uso es mucho ms comn en el Reino Unido que en los Estados
Unidos.
Ejemplos:
I will help you. (Te ayudar.)
We will learn English. (Aprenderemos ingls.)
Se utiliza will en frases interrogativas para pedir informacin, un favor o sobre opciones.
Ejemplos:
Will they find a cure for cancer? (Encontrarn una cura para el cncer?)
Will you help me move? (Me ayudas a mudarme?)
Will he go to Paris by car or train? (Ir a Pars en coche o en tren?)
Shall Se usa shall como will para formar el tiempo futuro. El uso de shall es
mucho ms comn en el Reino Unido y en general es ms educado.
Ejemplos:
Chris shall be happy to see you. (Chris estar feliz de verte.)
Ill take the 3 oclock train. (Tomar el tren a las 15h.)
Nota: Las formas cortas de will y shall son lo mismo. Entonces Illen el ejemplo
anterior puede significar I will o I shall.
Tambin se puede utilizar shall para ofertas y sugerencias o para preguntar sobre
opciones o preferencias.
Ejemplos:
Shall we meet at 10pm? (Quedamos a las 22h?)
Shall we go to the movies or a museum? (Vamos al cine o a un museo?)
Should indica una obligacin o recomendacin. Refleja una opinin sobre lo que es
correcto. Se traduce como el condicional de deber en espaol.
Ejemplos:
I should call my parents more often. (Debera llamar a mis padres ms a
menudo.)
You shouldnt work so hard. (No debera trabajar tan duro.)
They should practice more if they want to win the championship. (Deberan
practicar ms si quieren ganar el campeonato.)
Se utiliza should en frases interrogativas para preguntar si existe una obligacin o para
pedir una recomendacin.
Ejemplos:
Should we leave a tip? (Deberamos dejar una propina?)
Should I have the steak or the chicken? (Debera comer el bistec o el pollo?)
Where should they meet you? (Dnde deberan encontrarte?)
Ejemplos:
She ought to quit smoking. (Debera dejar de fumar.)
I ought to call my parents more often. (Debera llamar a mis padres ms a
menudo.)
They ought to work less. (Deberan trabajar menos.)
Ejemplos:
You must [have to] read this book, its fantastic. (Tienes que leer este libro, es
fantstico.)
You must not drink and drive. (No puedes beber y conducir.)
When must we meet you? (Cundo debemos quedar? )
Ejemplos:
Johns not here. He must be sick because he never misses class. (John no esta
aqu. Debe estar enfermo porque nunca pierde clases.)
It must be difficult to learn a new language as an adult. (Debe ser difcil aprender
un idioma como adulto.)
Ejemplos:
Must you always be late? (Siempre tienes que llegar tarde?)
Must she talk so much? (Tiene que hablar tanto?)
Would Se usa would para declarar una preferencia y para preguntar por algo
educadamente.
Ejemplos:
She would like to go to New York someday. (Le gustara ir a Nueva York algn
da.)
I would like a beer and my wife would like a glass of wine please. (Me gustara
una cerveza y a mi mujer le gustara una copa de vino por favor.)
Would you like some coffee? (Le gustara un caf?)
Would you help me please? (Me ayudas por favor?)
When would you like to go to the movies? (Cundo te gustara ir al cine?)
characteristics
They act as Express past when Express present or Does not meet the Has no infinitive,
auxiliaries in followed have + future actions, rule of the "s" for participle, or
sentences. past participle. when they modify the third person gerund.
a verb in a simple singular.
way.
They are
They are They are They are They are They are
11. that system have to use its relational facilities (exclusively) to manage the
database.
12. Specifically, it have to support a representation of missing information and
inapplicable information that is systematic.
13. It is also implied that such representations have to be manipulated by the
DBMS in a systematic way.
14. The system have to support an online, inline, relational catalog that is
accessible to authorized users by means of their regular query language.
15. That is, users have to be able to access the databases structure (catalog) using
the same query language that they use to access the databases data.
16. It may be used both interactively and within application programs.
17. The distribution of portions of the database to various locations ought to be
invisible to users of the database.
18. This means that data may be retrieved from a relational database in sets
constructed of data from multiple rows and/or multiple tables.
19. This rule states that insert, update, and delete operations ought to be
supported for any retrievable set rather than just for a single row in a single
table.
20. The system have to support at least one relational language that.
21. that system shall use its relational facilities (exclusively) to manage the
database.
22. Specifically, it shall support a representation of missing information and
inapplicable information that is systematic.
23. It is also implied that such representations shall be manipulated by the DBMS
in a systematic way.
24. The system shall support an online, inline, relational catalog that is accessible
to authorized users by means of their regular query language.
25. That is, users shall be able to access the databases structure (catalog) using the
same query language that they use to access the databases data.
26. It must be used both interactively and within application programs.
27. The distribution of portions of the database to various locations will be invisible
to users of the database.
28. This means that data must be retrieved from a relational database in sets
constructed of data from multiple rows and/or multiple tables.
29. This rule states that insert, update, and delete operations will be supported for
any retrievable set rather than just for a single row in a single table.
30. The system shall support at least one relational language that.
Systems Analysis: refers to the process in which Analysts go through to determine
how a system should operate - that is determining what functions the system
should perform, whether its feasible for the system to be developed (such as
financial feasibility; do the benefits of the system outweigh the costs of developing
the system?), what data is going to be collected and stored.
Systems Design: is actually the third step of the SDLC - its where the analysis
designs how the system will operate. The physical components of the system are
defined here which specifies how the problem at hand will be solved.
SDLC: Software Development life cycle,Is the process of creating or modifying the
systems, models and methodologies that people use to develop these software
systems.
Information systems: Is a set of elements oriented to the treatment and
administration of data and information, organized and ready for later use,
generated to cover a need or a goal.
Codds rules: Edgar Frank Codd, Was an English computer scientist known for
creating the relational model of databases.
Codd's twelve rules are a set of thirteen rules (numbered zero to twelve) proposed
by Edgar F. Codd, a pioneer of the relational model for databases, designed to
define what is required from a database management system in order for it to be
considered relational, i.e., a relational database management system (RDBMS).
They are sometimes jokingly referred to as "Codd's Twelve Commandments".
relational model for databases: A relational database is a collection of data items
organized into a set of formally described tables from which data can be accessed
or reassembled in many different ways without having to rearrange the tables in
the database.
Primary Key: In designing relational databases, the primary key is called a field or a
combination of fields that uniquely identifies each row in a table. A primary key
thus comprises a column or set of columns. There can not be two rows in a table
that have the same primary key.
Null values: A null value is an indicator that tells the user that the data is missing
or not applicable. For convenience it is said that the missing data has the value
NULL. The NULL value is not a real numeric data. Instead, it is a signal or a
reminder that the data value is missing or unknown. In the SQL database language
there is a set of special rules that govern the handling of NULL values.
DBMS: data base management system is a set of programs that allow the storage,
modification and extraction of information in a database, as well as providing tools
to add, delete, modify and analyze data. Users can access the information using
specific query and report generation tools, or through applications to that effect.
programming language: A programming language is a formal language designed to
perform processes that can be carried out by machines such as computers. They
can be used to create programs that control the physical and logical behavior of a
machine, to express algorithms with precision, or as a mode of human
communication.
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_informaci%C3%B3n
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_Development_Life_Cycle
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Frank_Codd
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codd%27s_12_rules
http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/es/definicion/Base-de-datos-relacional
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clave_primaria
https://www.codejobs.biz/es/blog/2014/07/02/los-valores-null-bases-de-datos
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_gesti%C3%B3n_de_bases_de_datos
https://www.mastermagazine.info/termino/4544.php
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguaje_de_programaci%C3%B3n
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollback
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commit
http://www.sc.ehu.es/sbweb/fisica/cursoJava/fundamentos/clases1/arays.htm
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interfaz
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flujo_de_trabajo
http://decsai.ugr.es/~verdegay/SAD-1.pdf.
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagrama_de_flujo
http://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-basico/verbs/modal-verbs
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