United States presence in SW Asia:

Iran, Persian Gulf Conflicts,

Afghanistan & Iraq
Impact of WWI Through Maps
 Update your Table of Contents
(#19, Titled: Iran)
Answer the following 3 questions inside
your map of Iran
What ethnic group is prominent in Iran?
What was Iran known as before WWI?
What is the religion of most people living
in Iran?
Write the following within the borders of
Iran: (the middle)

Prominent ethnic group:

Persians
Pre-WWI the land was
known as: Persia
Religion: Shia Islam
Lets color in the Persian Gulf
on your map in blue

If you live
near the
Persian Gulf
you have OIL

Persian Gulf
 1. Political History of Iran
Post World War I (1914-
1918), Reza Pahlavi, took
power as Shah. (pro-US,
with the help of the US)
His son Muhammad Reza
Pahlavi took power from
1941-1979.
Shah is a Persian word
that means king.
Shah=king
 2. Modernization of Iran
Iran is an oil-rich nation. Oil=$$
The Shah used his oil wealth to
modernize his nation.
(education, healthcare,
infrastructure, rail roads,
industry)
Modernize= to update, recent
techniques, methods or ideas
3. Shahs Reforms (make changes to)
Under the Shah women
were allowed to vote & hold
jobs
He built big cities, and
created a more secular or
non-religious society
Tehran-1970s His reforms did not take root
among the population in
general, only among the
rich.
 4. Results of the Shahs
modernization:
The result was the creation of a
wealthy westernized upper class that
was largely divided from the general
population
General population retained strict
religious ties
Created an urban middle class (jobs)
5. Why was the Shah
unpopular??
Iran is a very traditional
Muslim nation Many of the
Iranian people
Shah thought of as a were displeased
dictator with the changes
the Shah
Believed he didnt pay imposed upon
attention to the poor them.
 What else were the Shahs doing???
Require everyone to wear
western clothes
Women not allowed to wear
hijab
Put in prison for opposing
the Shah
Tortured political prisoners
 Why would being close to the
Persian Gulf automatically
grant you access to oil
money?
Which group of Iranians
supported the Shahs rule?
Why was the Shah unpopular
with most Iranians?
 1. Iranian Unrest
By the 1970s, many people in Iran began to
oppose the shah's mixture of Westernization
and harsh rule.
In 1978 mass demonstrations broke out and
were put down with much loss of life.
In 1979, Iran underwent a religious revolution
against the westernized leadership of the
nation; Traditional Islamic religious leaders
were against the Shah
2. Iranian Revolution
One of these religious
leaders, the Ayatollah
Khomeini, who had been
thrown out of the country
years before for
protesting against the
Shah.
From outside Iran,
Khomeini led a revolution
against the Shah.
The Shah fled Iran in
1979.
 3. Iranian Revolution
Khomeini returned to Iran and quickly
established an Islamic Republic.
He declared himself both political and religious
leader of Iran for life
thus establishing a theocracy, one which remains
in power today.
The new government killed hundreds of people
for political and religious reasons.
Conservative Muslim codes were rigorously
enforced, and Western influences were banned.
Hostage Crisis
4. In November of 1979, supporters of the revolution
seized the United States Embassy in Tehran and took 52
Americans as hostages, holding most of them for more than a
year. This was a protest against U.S. involvement in the Iranian
Government.
 https://www.usembassy.gov/
Three Effects of the Iranian
Revolution
1. The shah was overthrown
2. A theocracy was put in place
3. American hostages were captured
& held for over a year (444 days)
 Answer one of the following
1. Why did
Ayatollah
Khomeini gain
so much support 2.What does
from the the artist of
people? this political
cartoon
believe?
 Iran-Iraq War

After the video you should be able to share

1. How did the war start?
2. Two interesting facts..
3. How did the war end?
 Several billion
dollars' worth of
economic aid,
Weaponry
Military intelligence
Special operations
training
 The Iraq-Iran War
Where: Iran
Who: This was a war between Saddam Hussein (Iraq) vs.
Ayatollah Khomeinis Iranian Army. U.S supports Saddam
Hussein
When: in 1980
What happened: Iraq invaded Iran
CauseWhy?: over a border dispute of the Shatt al-Arab
river and fear by Iraqs Saddam Hussein.
He feared that religious propaganda from Irans religious
revolution could lead to a religious revolt in Iraq, as well.
Also Saddam believed that Iran was weak following its
revolution.
 Outcome
The war ended in a ceasefire in 1988.
Eventually Iran and Iraq agreed to share control of the
Shatt Al-'Arab river.
The Iraq-Iran war ended with no real change of territory,
but the war did lead to a great growth of Iraqs armed
forces, which were helped by support from the United
States during the conflict.

Important to remember: (Remember that *Iran was the United States

enemy during this time Iranian Hostage Crisis they held our embassy
hostage for over a year following their revolution.)
 Current Leadership

Fuad Masum (2014-present) Hassan Rouhani (2013-present)

Lets Assess
Choose one and List 3 examples of US
answer involvement in Iran.

How would you plan to fix the

DONT FORGET
relationship between the US and
Provide evidence Iran?
from your notes in
order to answer
the following Create an image that depicts the
question US-Iranian relationship
 Iran, U.S, Israel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F6e1f36x
U0I
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oqvghou5
m3U
 Crash Course
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8w4Ku6l7
OEI&index=26&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtNjasccl-
WajpONGX3zoY4M