Tip proiect: Proiect de cercetare postdoctoral

Numr contract: 27 / 27.07.2010

Denumirea proiectului: Spectroscopia de vibraie cu transformat Fourier utilizat la

caracterizarea pigmenilor din pictur: o ans de autentificare a tablourilor romneti

Perioada raportat: Etapa unic/2010

SINTEZA LUCRRII

Spectroscopia este o metod analitic important care furnizeaza date, fie din cantiti mici de
prob, fie prin analiza direct complet nedistructiv (in-situ). In aceast prim etap a fost aplicat
spectroscopia de vibraie cu transformat Fourier, non-distructiv i non-contact, pentru caracterizarea
i identificarea pigmenilor i a componenilor picturali pentru realizarea propriei baze de date ce va fi
util la caracterizarea compoziiei picturilor n ulei, prezente n colecii muzeale romneti i semnate
de pictori romni cu vizibilitate internaional. Unul din cei mai importani factori n identificarea
spectral prin spectroscopie vibraional este accesul la spectre de referin corespunznd unor
materiale cunoscute.

Spectroscopia FT-IR i spectroscopia FT-Raman

Principalele metode spectroscopice utilizate pentru detectarea vibraiilor atomilor din

molecule se bazeaz pe procesul de absorbie a radiaiilor din domeiul infrarou i a fenomenului de
mprtiere inelastic Raman. Aceste metode sunt larg folosite n practic pentru a furniza informaii
despre structura molecular, n scopul de a identifica substane pe baza unor amprente spectrale
caracteristice (eng. fingerprinting) i pentru a determina cantitativ sau semicantitativ cantitatea de
analit dintr-o prob. Probele pot fi examinate ntr-o gam larg de stri fizice precum ar fi n stare
solid, lichid sau de vapori, la temperaturi ridicate sau sczute, ca particule microscopice sau n
straturi de suprafat, etc. Spectrul FTIR conine informaii privind prezena unor grupri
funcionale/tipuri de legturi n moleculele probei studiate [Colthup et al 1978]. Spectroscopia FTIR
i spectroscopia Raman sunt tehnici complementare. Vibraiile puternice din spectrul IR sunt de obicei
slabe n spectrul Raman i invers. Din punct de vedere calitativ, modurile de vibraie antisimetrice
datorate legturilor polare O-H, N-H, C=O au n general benzi proeminente n IR, n timp ce n
spectrul Raman apar vibraii implicate n legturi simetrice C=C, C-C, S-S.

Tehnica spectral bazat pe fenomenul de mprtiere inelastic Raman este mai puin larg
utilizat n practic fa de absorbia n infrarou, n mare datorit unor probleme legate de degradarea
probei n anumite condiii experimentale i fenomenul de fluorescen. Totui, progrese recente n
tehnologiile ncorporate n spectrometrele Raman mpreuna cu abilitatea acestei tehnici de a examina
probe non-distructiv a dus la o cretere rapid a aplicaiilor practice [Smith, Dent 2005].

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 Fenomenul de mprtiere inelastic a luminii a fost postulat de Smekal n 1923 [Smekal
1923] i a fost observat experimental pentru prima data n 1928 de ctre Raman i Krishnan [Raman,
Krishnan 1928]. De atunci pan n prezent, acest fenomen a fost denumit spectroscopie Raman.
Spectroscopia Raman a fost utilizat la ntocmirea unor biblioteci de spectre pentru colecii de
pigmeni, minerale, cleiuri i vernisuri utilizate n pictura [Burgio, Clark 2001], pentru caracterizarea
tablourilor i a frescelor [Edwards et al 1997, Edwards et al 1999, Goltz et al 2004, Villar et al 2003].

ncercri de autentificare ale tablourilor sau icoane din colecii particulare sau de stat din
Romania s-au mai realizat n ar, prin analize de piroliz n stare solid n cuplaj cu cromatografia de
gaze (minim distructive, probele prelevate avnd 11,5 mg) [Sandu et al 2007].

Probe testate
Pigmeni i materiale picturale
A fost caracterizat structura molecular i investigat capacitatea de identificare a
pigmenilor i materialelor picturale prin metodele spectroscopice FTIR i FT-Raman pentru o serie
de pigmeni (Kremer) i urmtoarele materiale picturale: rini (colofoniu-diterpenoid, dammar-
triterpenoid, shellac sau lac gumat,) i substane ce conin acizi grasi (ceara de albine, clei de oase,
clei de iepure). Principalii pigmeni istorii analizai sunt: pigmeni albi - Creta sau carbonatul de
calciu CaCO3 (eng. chalk, germ. Kreide, fr. craie), Gipsul, ipsosul CaSO 4 2H2O (gypsum, terra alba,
plaster of Paris), alb de titan sau oxid de titan TiO 2 (titanium white); pigmeni negri - Negrul de os
(eng. bone black, animal black); pigmeni roii - Cinabrul HgS sulfur de mercur (eng. vermilion,
cinnabar), Miniu (natural) sau rou de plumb (sintetic), (eng. red lead, minium; germ. Mennige) Pb3
O4 - tetraoxid de plumb; pigmeni albatri azurit Azurit (eng. azurite, mountain blue; germ.
Bergblau; fr. bleu Paul Veronese, cendre bleu), Albastru ultramarin sintetic (eng. ultramarine; fr.
outremer), indigo, Albastru de Prusia (eng.: Prussian blue, Berlin blue, China blue -este o ferocianur
feric Fe4 [Fe (CN)6]3; pigmeni verzi - Pmnt verde (eng.: green earth), malachit (eng. malachite),
pigmeni galbeni - Pmnturi galben-ocru (eng. ochre), masicot (eng.: massicot; germ.:Bleiglette;
fr.:Massicot), Galben de cobalt (aureolin) (eng. cobalt yellow; germ. Kobaltgelb; fr.:jaune decobalt).
CoK3(NO2 )6 H2O, Galben de cadmiu (eng.: cadmium yellow) CdS - sulfur de cadmiu; pigmeni
bruni - umbra (eng.: raw umber)- pamnt brun [Feller 1986, Ashok 1993, West Fitzhugh 1996, West
Berrie 2008, Eastaugh 2004].

Aparatur experimental
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 S-a utilizat un spectrometru FT-IR/FT-Raman Bruker Vertex 70 cu interferometru rock solid.
Pentru FTIR s-a utilizat un divizor de fascicul din KBr i metoda pastilrii probei sub forma de
pulbere (1 mg) cu bromura de potasiu (300 mg) prin presare la 10t/cm 2 i sonda MIR pentru testare
nedistructiv pe domeniul spectral 650 4500 cm -1. Spectrometrul este dotat i cu modulul Raman
(RAM II) i sond Raman (RAMPROBE) pentru analiza nedistructiv a probelor solide i lichide
echipat cu o surs de excitare LASER NIR cu lungimea de und de 1064 nm (Nd:YAG) i putere
ajustabil ntre 1 si 500 mW, detector cu semiconductor din Germaniu ultrapur rcit cu azot lichid.

Prelucrarea datelor experimentale

Spectrele au fost achiziionte i prelucrate n aplicaia software OPUS versiunea 6.0 furnizat
de productorul echipamentului prin selectarea domeniul spectral n care existau picurile i corectia
liniei de baz. Spectrele FTIR au fost prelucrate prin eliminarea semnalului CO 2 din atmosfer,
normare vectorial i corecia liniei de baza.

Rezultate i discuii
Spectroscopia FT-Raman
n figurile 1-23 sunt prezentate spectrele FT-Raman ale pigmenilor. Aceste spectre au fost
achiziionate cu o putere variabil n funcie de pigment (1-500mW), 250scans, rezolutie 4cm -1 i s-a
examinat domeniul spectral de amprentare.
n tabelul 1 sunt prezentate lungimile de unde i intensitile relative ale pigmenilor ce au
putut fi analizai cu spectrometrul FT-Raman Bruker (=1064 nm).
Table 1. Pigmeni analizai cu spectrometrul FT-Raman Bruker (=1064 nm)
Nr.
Lungime de unde (cm-1)
Crt. Nume pigmeni Intensitatea relativ Figura
1. Rou de cadmiu 987/584/462/332/293/241/216/137 m/w/w/m/w/m/m/m Fig.1
(cadmium red )
2. Galben de cadmiu 988/842/618/595/461/345/298/240/213 s/w/w/w/m/m/w/m/m Fig.2
(cadmium yellow)
3. Praf de cret 1160/1129/1086/1016/1008/713/674/ w/w/s/w/s/w/w/w/w/ Fig.3
(chalk Bologna) 627/610/498/416/281/154 w/w/m/w
4. Praf de cret 1086/795/712/347/282/223/192/155 s/w/w/w/m/w/w/w Fig.4
(chalk champagne)
5. Crom galben nchis 975/843/404/379/361/342/147 w/s/w/w/m/w/w Fig.5
(chromgelb dunkel)
6. Cinabru (cinnabar) 502/421/345/285/254/104 w/w/m/w/s/w Fig.6
7. Acoperire alb 637/514/395/197/144 m/w/w/w/s Fig.7
(covering white)
8. Alb (flake white) 1364/1051/968/680/414 m/s/w/w/w Fig.8
9. Indigo 1701/1632/1577/1462/1366/1313/548 w/w/s/w/w/w/w Fig.9

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10. Sulfat de plumb 1125/1083/1051/1020/976/961/605 w/w/w/w/w/m/w/w/w/ Fig.10
(lead sulfate) 435/367/349/182/146/114/105/80 w/w/s/w/w/m
11. Ocru 1684/1485/1037/588/134 w/s/m/w/w Fig.11
(lichtocker gebrannt)
12. Praf de marmur 1749/1436/1087/713/282/155 w/w/s/w/m/w Fig.12
(marble just)
13. Masicot 384/289/143/87/73 w/m/s/m/w Fig.13
(massicot bleihaltie)
14. Minium 1538/1485/1190/1172/1147/800/485/ s/m/s/m/m/m/m/m/m/m Fig.14
220/167/121
15. Molibdat 826/359/341/153/74 s/m/m/w/w Fig.15
(molybdatrot)
16. Permanentrot hell 1623/1557/1498/1447/1397/1335/ s/m/m/m/m/s/m/m/m/m/ Fig.16
1256/1219/1187/1130/988/845/ w/w/w/w/w
724/619/343
17. Raw siena 1854/1168/482 m/s/w Fig.17
18. Ocru 1702/1616/1387/1287/750/288 w/m/w/m/w/w/ Fig.18
(Spanish red ochre)
19. Terra alb 1131/1009/416 w/m/w Fig.19
20. Alb de titan 1439/1090/716/614/450/285/158 w/s/w/m/m/m/w Fig.20
(titan weiss)
21. Albastru ultramarin 1086/1001/549/488/349/189 w/w/m/w/w/w Fig.21
(ultramarine hell)
22. Albastru ultramarin 1413/981/551/376/364 w/w/s/w/m Fig.22
foarte nchis
(ultramarine blue,
very dark)
23. cromat de zinc 944/895/875/777/412/349 m/w/s/w/w/w Fig.23
(zinkgelb-
zinkchromat)
s-strong; m-mediu; w-weak.
Spectrele pigmenilor au putut fi confirmate n urma comparrii cu date de literatura [Burgio,
Clark 2001, Goltz et al 2004, Villar et al 2003, Edwards et al 1997, Edwards et al 1997, Castro et al
2005].
Nu s-au putut obtine spectre FT-Raman pentru toti pigmenti care prezinta spectre FT-IR fie
pentru ca nu pot fi analizati cu un spectrometru cu sursa de excitare LASER YAG cu lungimea de
und de excitare de 1064 nm (ex.: Pigmenii malachit i prussian blue), fie datorit culorii nchise i
implicit absorbiei (ex. terra di siena geb, terra verde, dark, bone black) [Burgio, Clark 2001, Smith,
Dent 2005].
Spectrele FT-Raman pentru ceara de albine, clei de oase, clei de iepure (fig.24 ) au fost
achiziionate cu o putere de 500 mW, 250scans i s-a examinat domeniul spectral 250-1800 cm -1.
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Aceste materiale picturale reprezint amestecuri complexe de compui alifatici (acizi, alcoli, esteri i
hidrocarburi) ce prezint benzi caracteristice la urmtoarele lungimi de und: ~1240 cm -1 ( (C-H)cis
alchena ), ~1300 cm-1 ( (CH2)2 vibraii de deformare), ~1450 cm-1 ( (CH2), (CH3) vibraii de
forfecare), ~1650 cm-1 ( (C=C)).

Spectrele FT-Raman pentru o serie de rini (colofoniu, dammar, shellac) (fig.25) au fost
achiziionate cu puterea de 500 mW pentru shellac i 100 mw pentru celelalte dou rini, 250 scans,
rezolutie 4cm-1 i s-a examinat domeniul spectral 250-1800 cm -1. Aceste materiale picturale conin
compui terpenoizi cu o mulime de legturi duble C=C ce prezint benzi caracteristice la urmtoarele
lungimi de und: ~1200 cm-1 ( (C-H)cis alchena ), ~1450 cm-1 ( (CH2), ~1650 cm-1 ( (C=C).

Spectrele au putut fi confirmate n urma comparrii cu date de literatur [Vandenabeele et al

2000].

Spectroscopia FT-IR
Spectrele FT-IR ale pigmenilor si materialelor picturale sunt comparabile cu datele din
literatur [www.irug.org, Silva et al 2006]. n figurile 26-58 sunt date spectrele pigmenilor si
materialelor picturale analizate nedistructiv in reflexie cu sonda si spectrele n transmisie obtinute
pentru unii dintre pigmenti cu tehnica pastilarii n bromur de potasiu, 250 scans, rezoluie 4 cm -1. n
tabelul 2 sunt prezentate lungimile de unde i intensitile relative ale pigmenilor i materialelor
picturale analizate cu spectrometrul FT-IR BrukeR.

Table 2. Pigmeni si materiale picturale analizate cu spectrometrul FT-IR Bruker

Nr.
crt. Nume pigmeni Lungime de unde (cm-1) Intensitatea relativ Figura
1. Rou de cadmiu 1627/1436/1400/1362/1214/1158/ m/m/m/w/s/s/s/s/w/w/w Fig.26
(cadmium red ) 1096/98/875/810/714
2. Galben de cadmiu 1633/1437/1400/1207/1161/1101/ m/m/m/s/s/s/s/w/w Fig.27
(cadmium yellow) 984/862/660
3. Praf de cret 3547/3405/1797/1685/1621/1429/ m/m/w/w/m/s/s/s/m/m/m Fig.28
(chalk Bologna) 1143/876/713/670/602
4. Praf de cret 2984/2874/2512/1796/1426/1032/ w/w/m/m/s/w/w/s/m Fig.29
(chalk champagne) 1009/875/713
5. Crom galben nchis 1628/1385/1105/1070/968/858/628/ w/w/m/m/w/s/m/m/w Fig.30
(chromgelb dunkel) 599/437
6. Cinabru (cinnabar) 1998/1869/1792/1734/1716/1684/ w/w/w/w/w/w/w/m/s/m/s/ Fig.31
1653/1607/1159/1107/1025/800/696 m/w
7. Acoperire alb 1641/1453/1259/1222/1160/1023 s/w/w/m/m/w Fig.32
(covering white)
8. Alb (flake white) 3536/1737/1409/1045/776/682 m/w/s/w/w/s Fig.33
9. Indigo 1945/1911/1877/1824/1795/1594/ w/w/w/w/w/s/w/w/w/w/w Fig.34
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 1465/1398/1222/1160/1098
10. Sulfat de plumb 3571/1406/1095/1035/598 w/m/s/s/s/ Fig.35
(lead sulfate)
11. Ocru 1821/1646/1397/1159/1110/950/809/ w/s/w/m/m/m/m/w Fig.36
(lichtocker gebrannt) 713
12. Praf de marmur 2984/2875/2514/1799/1433/876/713 w/w/w/w/s/s/m Fig.37
(marble just)
13. Masicot plumb 1737/1397/1159/1103/1047/866/846/ m/s/w/w/w/w/w/w/m Fig.38
(massicot bleihaltie) 695/683
14. Minium 1739/1592/1404/1224/1160/1046/ w/w/s/w/w/w/w/w/w Fig.39
994/830/684
15. Molibdat 1635/1385/1128/1109/1064/862/ w/w/m/m/m/s/w/w Fig.40
(molybdatrot) 628/599
16. Raw siena 1820/1797/1644/1463/1395/1220/ w/w/s/w/w/m/m/m/w/w/w Fig.41
1159/1105/1022/945/807/710 /w
17. Ocru 3699/3622/3456/1106/1032/913/ w/w/w/s/s/m//w/ws/s Fig.42
(Spanish red ochre) 797/695/537/471
18. Terra alb 3547/3404/3243/1685/1621/1143/ s/s/w/m/m/s/s/s/w Fig.43
670/602/458
19. Alb de titan 2513/1798/1428/1027/876/712/509/ w/w/s/w/s/m/w/w Fig.44
(titan weiss) 429
20. Bleumarin 3695/3620/2512/1795/1431/1031/ m/m/w/w/s/s/w/s/m/m/m/ Fig.45
(ultramarine hell) 914/876/712/539/467
21. Albastru ultramarine 2082/1651/122/1159/1109/790/755/ w/m/s/s/m/w/w/w/ Fig.46
foarte nchis 733
(ultramarine blue,
very dark)
22. cromat de zinc 3453/3259/2926/2855/1625/1078/ m/m/w/w/w/w/s/s/s/m Fig.47
(zinkgelb 951/882/814/715
zinkchromat)
23. Terra di siena 1685/1621/1429/1115/1035/876/ w/w/m/w/s/w/m/w/w/w Fig.48
670/602/521/469
24. Malachite 2541/2431/2362/2336/2165/2077/ m/m/w/w/w/m/w/w/s/m/ Fig.49
1923/1805/1576/1102/1068/921/828 m/w/w
25. dark 3695/3620/1009/694/583/538/451 w/w/s/m/w/w/s Fig.50
26. smalt 1042/772/472 s/w/m Fig.51
27. albastru de prusia 3259/2092/1612/1416/606/500 w/s/w/w/w/m Fig.52
(prussian blue)
28. azurite 3425/1498/1417/1031/954/838/459 m/s/s/w/m/m/m Fig.53
29. pamant verde 3538/990/799/679/491/456/436 m/s/w/w/w/w/w Fig.54
30. negru de os 2014/1418/1036/874/605/565/471 m/m/s/w/m/m/w Fig.55
(bone black)
31. damar 1732/1594/1468/1394/1221/1160/ m/s/m/m/m/w/w/ Fig.56

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 1127/1082/1060/1034/931/898/829 w/w/w/w/w/w
32. shellac 1745/1645/1592/1471/1396/1301/ s/w/w/w/w/w/m/w/w/w/w Fig.57
1263/1220/1160/951/802/733 /w/w
33. colofoniu 1738/1727/1592/1469/1392/1222/ m/m/m/m/m/m/w/w/w/w/ Fig.58
1160/1085/1052/900/830 w
s-strong; m-mediu; w-weak

Concluzii
Spectroscopia de vibraie (FT-IR i FT-Raman) este o tehnic util pentru caracterizarea
pigmenilor pe de o parte pentru c este non-distructiv, pe de alt parte pentru c informaia despre
structura molecular a pigmentului testat obinut cu spectroscopia FT-Raman este complementar cu
cea obinut prin spectroscopia FT-IR. Cu aceast tehnic am putut realiza propriile baze de date
spectrale FT-IR n transmisie, FT-IR n reflexie i FT-Raman pentru pigmeni i materiale picturale.
Bibliografie:

Ashok 1993 - Ashok Roy (ed.), Artists' Pigments, A Handbook of Their History and
Characteristics, Oxford University Press, New York vol. II, 1993.
Burgio, Clark 2001 Burgio L. , Clark R. J. H., Library of FT-Raman spectra of pigments,
minerals, pigment media and varnishes, and supplement to existing library of Raman spectra
of pigments with visible excitation, Spectrochimica Acta Part A 57,2001, 1491-1521.
Castro et al 2005 Castro K., Perez Alonso M., Rodriquez-Laso M., Fernandez L.,
Madariaga J., On-line FT-Raman and dispersive Raman spectra database of artists materials
e-VISART database), Anal Bioanal Chem, 382, 2005, 248-258.
Colthup et al 1978 - Colthup N.B., Daly L.H., Wiberly S.E., Introduction to Infrared and
Raman Spectroscopy, Academic press, San Diego, 1978.
Eastaugh 2004 - Eastaugh N., Walsh V., Chaplin T., Siddal R., The Pigment Compendium. A
Dictionary of Historic Pigments. Elsevier, 2004.
Edwards et al 1997 - Edwards H. M. E., Gwyer E. R., Tait J. K. F., Fourier Transform Raman
Analysis of Pain Fragments from Biodeteriorated Renaissance Frescoes, J. of Raman
Spectroscopy 28, 1997, 677-684.
Edwards et al 1999 - Edwards H. M. E., Farwell D. W., Newton E. M., Perez, Minium F. R.;
FT-Raman nondestructive analysis applied to an historical controversy, The Analyst, Received
21st May 1999, Accepted 13th July 1999.
Feller 1986 - Feller Robert L. (ed.), Artists' Pigments, A Handbook of Their History and
Characteristics, Oxford University Press, New York vol. I, 1986.
Goltz et al 2004 - Goltz D.M., Coombs J., Marion C., Cloutis E., Gibson J., Attas M., Choo-
Smith L.P., Collins C., Pigment identification in artwork using graphite furnace atomic
absorption spectrometry, Talanta 63, 2004, 609-616.
Raman, Krishnan 1928 - Raman C.V., Krishnan K.S., A New Type of Secondary Radiation ,
Nature, 121, 1928, 501-502.

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Sandu et al 2007 Sandu I., Luca C., Sandu I., Vasilache V., Autentificarea picturilor vechi
prin identificarea materialelor din straturile policrome, Rev. Chim., 58 (10), 2007, 879-886
Silva et al 2006 Silva C.E., Silva L.P., Edwards H.G.M., F. C. de Oliviera, Diffuse reflection
FTIR spectral database of dyes and pigments, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 386, 2006, 2183-2191
Smekal 1923 - Smekal A.,Zur Quantentheorie der Dispersion,Naturwissenschaften,43,873-
875.

Smith, Dent 2005 - Smith E., Dent G., Modern Raman Spectroscopy A Practical Approach,
John Wiley & Sons Ltd, UK 2005.

Vandenabeele et al 2000 P. Vandenabeele, L. Moens, H Edwards, Identification and

Classification of Natural Organic Binding Media and Varnishes by Micro-Raman
Spectroscopy, 15th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing Roma (Italy) 15-21 October
2000.

Villar et al 2003 - Villar E. J., Edwards H. M. E., the late David D., Roger Worland M., TF-
Raman spectroscopic analysis of an Anterctic endolith, International J. of Astrobiology 1 (4),
2003, 349-355.

West Fitzhugh 1996 - West Fitzhugh, Elisabeth (ed.), Artists' Pigments, A Handbook of Their
History and Characteristics, Oxford University Press, New York, vol. III, 1996.
West Berrie 2008 - West Berrie, Barbara Hepburn (ed.), Artists' Pigments, A Handbook of
Their History and Characteristics, Oxford University Press, New York vol. IV, 2008.
www.irug.org, 2009

Director de proiect,
Dr. Maria Mihaela MANEA

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 83 .44
98 7.32

58 4.34

462. 38

331. 90

29 3.14

241. 37
21 5.92

13 6.99
0.025
0.010 0.015 0.020
Raman Intensity

ANEXA
0.005
0.000

1000 800 600 400 200

Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.1 Spectrul FT-Raman al pigmentului rou de cadmiu (cadmium red - 250scans, 500mW)
987. 69

841. 59

61 7.63
59 4.86

46 0.60

34 4.70

297. 58

23 9.87
212. 89

89.3 0
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030
Raman Intensity

1000 800 600 400 200

Wavenumber cm-1

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-RAMAN\RAMPROBE\PD\pigmenti_FT-Raman\CADMIUM RED LIGHT-250SCANS_500mW.0 CADMIUM RED

11/11/2010
LIGHT-250SCANS_500mW PI

Fig.2 Spectrul FT-Raman al pigmentului galben de cadmiu (cadmium yellow 250scans,

500mW)
H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-RAMAN\RAMPROBE\PD\pigmenti_FT-Raman\CADMIUM YELLOW-250SCANS_500mW.0 CADMIUM YELLOW-250SCANS_500mW
11/11/2010 PIGME

A1/A29
 11 59.2 0

10 16.1 9
10 08.1 0
1128 .98

1086 .43

71 2.62

67 3.94

627. 14
609. 54

49 7.65

416. 41

280. 67

154. 46
0.0 8 0.0 6
Raman Inte nsity
0.0 4 0.0 2
0.0 0

1200 1000 800 600 400 200

Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.3 Spectrul FT-Raman al pigmentului praf de cret (chalk Bologna 250 scans, 500mW)
79 5.15

712. 43

346. 53

28 1.64

222. 83
191. 57

155. 24
1086 .44
0.09
0.07
Raman Intensity
0.03 0.05
0.01

1000 800 600 400 200

Wavenumber cm-1

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-RAMAN\RAMPROBE\PD\pigmenti_FT-Raman\chalk bologna_58100-250SCANS_500mW.0 chalk bologna_58100-250SCANS_500mW

19/10/2010 PI

Fig.4 Spectrul FT-Raman al pigmentului praf de cret (chalk Champagne 250 scans, 250mW)
H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-RAMAN\RAMPROBE\PD\pigmenti_FT-Raman\chalk champagne_58000-250SCANS_250mW.0 chalk champagne_58000-250SCANS_500mW
19/10/2010

A2/A29
 975. 20

842. 78

40 4.21
37 9.27
361. 20
34 2.04

146. 58
0.3 0
0.1 0 0.1 5 0.2 0 0.2 5
Raman Inte nsity
0.0 5
0.0 0

1000 800 600 400 200

Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.5 Spectrul FT-Raman al pigmentului crom galben nchis (chromgelb dunkel

bleichromat 250 scans, 500 mW)
501. 90

420. 91

34 4.61

28 5.43

25 4.01

10 4.38

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-RAMAN\RAMPROBE\PD\pigmenti_FT-Raman\CHROMGELB DUNKEL-BLEICHROMAT-250SCANS_500mW.0 22/11/2010

CHROMGELB DUNKEL-BLEICHR
0.0 05 0.0 10 0.0 15 0.0 20 0.0 25 0.0 30
Raman Inte nsity

700 600 500 400 300 200 100

Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.6 Spectrul FT-Raman al pigmentului cinabru (cinnabar 250scans, 100mW)

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-RAMAN\RAMPROBE\PD\pigmenti_FT-Raman\cinnabar_10610-250SCANS_100mW.0 cinnabar_10610-250SCANS_100mW
20/11/2010 PIGMENTI

A3/A29
 63 6.72

513. 78

395. 41

197. 11

14 4.42
0.5
0.4
Raman Inte nsity
0.2 0.3
0.1
0.0

800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100

Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.7 Spectrul FT-Raman pentru acoperire alb (covering white 250scans, 500mW)
13 63.8 9

1051 .32

96 7.66

679. 73

413. 72
0.0 80.0 6
Raman Inte nsity
0.0 4 0.0 2
0.0 0

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-RAMAN\RAMPROBE\PD\pigmenti_FT-Raman\CONERING WHITE-250SCANS_500mW.0 CONERING WHITE-250SCANS_500mW

11/11/2010 PIGMEN
1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400
Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.8 Spectrul FT-Raman al pigmentului alb (flake white 250 scans, 500 mW)
H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-RAMAN\RAMPROBE\PD\pigmenti_FT-Raman\flake white_46003-250SCANS_500mW.0 flake white_46003-250SCANS_500mW
19/10/2010 PIGMENTI

A4/A29
 15 76.5 8

13 12.5 3

54 8.30
1701 .08

1631 .83

1462 .49

1366 .27
0.0 4 0.0 3
Raman Inte nsity
0.0 1 0.0 20.0 0

1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200

Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.9 Spectrul FT-Raman al pigmentului indigo (indigo 250 scans, 500 mW)
11 24.6 3

1082 .88
1051 .06
1020 .15

976. 36
961. 32

604. 67

43 4.76

36 7.33
34 9.34

18 2.13
14 6.15
113. 89
105. 21
79.6 7
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35
Raman Intensity

1200 1000 800 600 400 200

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-RAMAN\RAMPROBE\PD\pigmenti_FT-Raman\INDIGO-250SCANS_500mW.0 INDIGO-250SCANS_500mW12/11/2010
PIGMENTI
Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.10 Spectrul FT-Raman al pigmentului sulfat de plumb (lead sulfate 250 scans, 500 mW)
H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-RAMAN\RAMPROBE\PD\pigmenti_FT-Raman\lead sulfate_46050-250SCANS_500mW.0 lead sulfate_46050-250SCANS_500mW
19/10/2010 PIGMENT

A5/A29
 14 84.8 4

588. 41

134. 16
1684 .12

1036 .59
0.0 12
Raman Inte nsity
0.0 08
0.0 04
0.0 00

1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200

Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.11 Spectrul FT-Raman al pigmentului ocru (lichtocker gebrannt 250 scans, 250 mW)
17 48.7 2

1436 .34

1086 .68

712. 92

281. 90

15 5.48
0.2 0 0.1 5
Raman Inte nsity
0.1 0 0.0 5
0.0 0

1500 1000 500

Wavenumber cm-1

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-RAMAN\RAMPROBE\PD\pigmenti_FT-Raman\LICHTOCKER GEBRANNT -250SCANS_250mW.0 LICHTOCKER

22/11/2010
GEBRANNT -250SCANS_250

Fig.12 Spectrul FT-Raman al pigmentului praf de marmur (marble just 250 scans, 500 mW)
H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-RAMAN\RAMPROBE\PD\pigmenti_FT-Raman\marble just_58500-250SCANS_500mW.0 marble just_58500-250SCANS_500mW
19/10/2010 PIGMENTI

A6/A29
 383. 93

28 9.36

14 3.12

87 .29

72 .54
0.0 25
0.0 10 0.0 15 0.0 20
Raman Intensity
0.0 05

450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100

Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.13 Spectrul FT-Raman al pigmentului masicot (massicot bleihaltie 250 scans, 100 mW)
14 85.7 8

11 90.2 2
11 71.7 2
11 47.0 3
1538 .23

799. 62

484. 93

220. 42

16 6.88
12 0.90
0.0012
Raman Intensity
0.0004 0.0008
0.0000

1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200

Wavenumber cm-1

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-RAMAN\RAMPROBE\PD\pigmenti_FT-Raman\MASSICOT BLEIHALTIE-250SCANS_100mW.0 MASSICOT24/11/2010

BLEIHALTIE-250SCANS_100mW

Fig.14 Spectrul FT-Raman al pigmentului minium (minium 250 scans, 500 mW)
H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-RAMAN\RAMPROBE\PD\pigmenti_FT-Raman\minium_42500-250SCANS_500mW.0 minium_42500-250SCANS_500mW
20/11/2010 PIGMENTI

A7/A29
 826.15

359.48
340.92

152.57

74.02
0.025
0.020
Raman Intensity
0.015
0.010
0.005
0.000
1000 800 600 400 200
Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.15 Spectrul FT-Raman al pigmentului molibdat (molybdatrot, bleimolybdat chromat

250 scans, 250 mW)
H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-RAMAN\RAMPROBE\PD\pigmenti_FT-Raman\MOLYBDATROT, BLEIMOLYBDAT-CHROMAT-250SCANS_250mW.0
22/11/2010MOLYBDATROT, BLEIMOLYBDA
1447. 47
1397. 31

1218. 69
1187. 29

724. 45

619. 13

342. 60
1622.53

1556.72

1498.10

1334.54

1255.58

1129.67

987.79

844.68
798.84
0.12
0.10
Raman Int ens it y
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00

1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200

Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.16 Spectrul FT-Raman al pigmentului permanentrot hell (permanentrot hell 250 scans,
500 mW)
H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-RAMAN\RAMPROBE\PD\pigmenti_FT-Raman\PERMANENTROT HELL-250SCANS_500mW.0 PERMANENTROT
10/11/2010
HELL-250SCANS_500mW

A8/A29
 18 54.1 7

11 67.8 0

48 2.21
0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006
Raman Intensity

1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400

Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.17 Spectrul FT-Raman al pigmentului raw siena (raw siena 250 scans, 100 mW)
17 01.6 5

16 16.1 4

1387 .18

1286 .91

75 0.26

288. 40
0.0 050
Raman Inte nsity
0.0 040 0.0 030

1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200

Wavenumber cm-1

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-RAMAN\RAMPROBE\PD\pigmenti_FT-Raman\RAW SIENA -250SCANS_100mW.0 RAW SIENA -250SCANS_100mW

10/11/2010 PIGMENTI

Fig.18 Spectrul FT-Raman al pigmentului ocru (spanish red ochre 250 scans, 150 mW)
H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-RAMAN\RAMPROBE\PD\pigmenti_FT-Raman\spanish red ochre_11584-250SCANS_150mW.0 spanish red20/11/2010
ochre_11584-250SCANS_150mW

A9/A29
 1131 .31

1009 .39

415. 96
0.22
0.20
0.18
Raman Intensity
0.16 0.14
0.12

1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200

Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.19 Spectrul FT-Raman al pigmentului terra alba (terra white 250 scans, 250 mW)
10 89.6 2

715. 64

613. 52

44 9.95

28 4.59

15 8.23

99 .42
1439 .47
0.030
Raman Intensity
0.010 0.020
0.000

1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200

Wavenumber cm-1

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-RAMAN\RAMPROBE\PD\pigmenti_FT-Raman\terra alba_58300-250SCANS_250mW.0 terra alba_58300-250SCANS_250mW

19/10/2010 PIGMENTI

Fig.20 Spectrul FT-Raman al pigmentului alb de titan (titan weiss 250scans, 500 mW)
H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-RAMAN\RAMPROBE\PD\pigmenti_FT-Raman\TITAN WEISS-250SCANS_500mW.0 TITAN WEISS-250SCANS_500mW
22/11/2010 PIGMENTI

A10/A29
 10 85.8 0

10 01.2 1

54 9.16

48 8.06

34 8.67

18 8.93
0.0 08 0.0 06
Raman Inte nsity
0.0 02 0.0 04
0.0 00

1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200

Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.21 Spectrul FT-Raman al pigmentului bleumarin (ultramarin hell 1000 scans, 500 mW)
1412 .83

981. 25

5 51.01

375. 87
3 63.99
0.0 10
0.0 04 0.0 06 0.0 08
Raman Inte nsity
0.0 02
0.0 00

1400 1200 1000 800 600 400

Wavenumber cm-1

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-RAMAN\RAMPROBE\PD\pigmenti_FT-Raman\ULTRAMARIN HELL-1000SCANS_500mW.0 ULTRAMARIN 23/11/2010

HELL-1000SCANS_500mW PIGM

Fig.22 Spectrul FT-Raman al pigmentului albastru ultramarin foarte nchis (ultramarine blue,
very dark 250 scans, 200 mW)
H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-RAMAN\RAMPROBE\PD\pigmenti_FT-Raman\ultramarine blue, very dark_45000-250SCANS_200mW.0 ultramarine
20/10/2010
blue, very dark_45000-250SCA

A11/A29
 943. 71

895. 18
87 4.54

77 6.94

412. 23

346. 99
0.07
0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
Raman Intensity
0.00 0.01 0.02

1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300

Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.23 Spectrul FT-Raman al pigmentului cromat de zinc, galben zinc (zinkgelb zinkchromat
250 scans, 500 mW)
14 63.4 9
14 49.9 3
14 48.2 0
14 40.3 2
1665 .52
1657 .13
1657 .07

1295 .29
1275 .25
1249 .63

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-RAMAN\RAMPROBE\PD\pigmenti_FT-Raman\ZINKGELB 20, ZINKCHROMAT-250SCANS_500mW.0 ZINKGELB

22/11/2010
20, ZINKCHROMAT-250SCANS_
0.0 15
Raman Inte nsity
0.0 05 0.0 10
0.0 00

1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400

Wavenumber cm-1

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-RAMAN\RAMPROBE\PD\pigmenti_FT-Raman\clei de oase_250scans-500mW-comp.0 clei de oase_250scans-500mW

07/11/2010 materiale pictural
Fig.24 Spectrele FT-Raman pentru: clei de oase (sus), clei de iepure (mijloc) i cear
H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-RAMAN\RAMPROBE\PD\pigmenti_FT-Raman\rabbit-glue-250SCANS_500mW-comp.0 de albine (jos)
rabbit-glue-250SCANS_500mW
07/11/2010 materiale pictural
H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-RAMAN\RAMPROBE\PD\pigmenti_FT-Raman\beeswas-250SCANS_500mW.0 beeswas-250SCANS_500mW
07/11/2010
PIGMENTI

A12/A29
 16 84.5 4
16 56.6 2
16 51.1 6
16 40.4 7
16 12.9 9

14 52.7 9
14 47.5 3
14 35.7 5

12 02.8 6
1313 .65
1305 .06
0.025
0.020
Raman Inte nsity
0.010 0.015
0.005
0.000

1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200

Wavenumber cm-1

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-RAMAN\RAMPROBE\PD\pigmenti_FT-Raman\colophoniu-250scans-100mW-comp.0
Fig.25 Spectrele FT-Raman pentru: colofoniu (sus), dammar (mijloc) i colophoniu-250scans-100mW-comp
shellac (jos) 24/11/2010 FRAGMENT SOLID
H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-RAMAN\RAMPROBE\PD\pigmenti_FT-Raman\dammar gum-250scans-100mW-comp.0 dammar gum-250scans-100mW-comp
24/11/2010 FRAGMENT S
H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-RAMAN\RAMPROBE\PD\pigmenti_FT-Raman\shellac_waxes_250scans_500mW-comp.0 shellac_waxes_250scans_500mW
07/11/2010 FRAGMENT S
1 158.1 4

1 096.1 8
1626 .77

1436 .21

1399 .91

1362 .27

1213 .89

983. 38

875. 46

810. 08

7 13.77

665. 84
0.6
0.5 0.4
Absorbance Uni ts
0.2 0.3
0.1
0.0

1600 1400 1200 1000 800

Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.26 Spectrul FT-IR in reflexie al pigmentului rosu de cadmiu (cadmium red)

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\FOCALIZARE VERTICALA\PD\PIGMENTI_FT-IR\CADMIUM RED LIGHT-1000scans.0 CADMIUM RED LIGHT-1000scans
09/11/2010 pigmenti

A13/A29
 1 400.1 1

1 101.1 5
1632 .75

1436 .69

1207 .21

1160 .80

9 83.81

8 62.37

660. 33
0.30
0.15 0.20 0.25
Absorbance Uni ts
0.10
0.05
0.00

1600 1400 1200 1000 800

Wavenumber cm-1
1.0
0.8
Absorbance Units
0.4 0.6
0.2

1 797.1 2

1 428.9 0

1 142.6 0
3547 .40

3404 .77

1684 .83
1620 .58

875. 50

7 12.68
6 69.59
601. 87

464. 50
0.0

3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500

Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.27 Spectrul FT-IR in reflexie al pigmentului galben de cadmiu (cadmium yellow)

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\FOCALIZARE VERTICALA\PD\PIGMENTI_FT-IR\CADMIUM YELLOW -1000scans.0 CADMIUM YELLOW09/11/2010
-1000scans pigmenti

Fig.28 Spectrele FT-IR in reflexie (albastru-absorbanta) si in transmisie (rosu-transmitanta) al

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\FOCALIZARE VERTICALA\PD\PIGMENTI_FT-IR\chalk bologna_58100-1000scans.0 chalk bologna_58100-1000scans
19/10/2010 pigmenti
pigmentului
H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\_FTIR-TRANS_\PD\D4.0 D4
prafKBr
depellet
creta (chalk Bologna) 21/10/2010

A14/A29
 100
80
Transmittance [%]
40 20
0 60

29 83.7 0

14 25.6 1

10 32.2 8
2874 .40

2512 .26

1796 .47

1008 .98
87 5.38

712. 71
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.29 Spectrele FT-IR in reflexie (albastru-absorbanta) si in transmisie (rosu-transmitanta) al

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\_FTIR-TRANS_\PD\D5.0 D5 KBr pellet 21/10/2010
100

pigmentului praf de creta (chalk Champagne)

80
Transmittance [%]
40 2060

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\FOCALIZARE VERTICALA\PD\PIGMENTI_FT-IR\chalk champagne_58000-1000scans.0 chalk champagne_58000-1000scans pigmenti

16 28.4 0

11 05.0 1
10 70.1 5
1384 .67

967. 55
85 7.92

62 8.16
59 9.19

437. 09

3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500

Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.30 Spectrul FT-IR in transmisie al pigmentului crom galben nchis

(chromgelb dunkel
H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\_FTIR-TRANS_\PD\B1.0 B1 KBr
bleichromat)
pellet 11/11/2010

A15/A29
 1 791.9 9

1 683.7 2
1 652.7 1

1 606.8 5

799. 71

696. 22
1998 .25

1869 .36

1733 .55
1716 .38

1159 .31

1106 .70

1025 .19
0.20
0.15
Absorbance Uni ts
0.10 0.05
0.00

2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800

Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.31 Spectrul FT-IR in reflexie al pigmentului cinabru

1 258.9 6

1 023.2 3
1640 .93

1452 .99

1222 .28

1159 .83

(cinnabar)
0.25
0.20
Absorbance Units
0.10 0.15

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\FOCALIZARE VERTICALA\PD\PIGMENTI_FT-IR\cinnabar_10610-1000scans.0 cinnabar_10610-1000scans

19/10/2010
pigmenti
0.05

1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800

Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.32 Spectrul FT-IR in reflexie pentru acoperire alba (covering white)

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\FOCALIZARE VERTICALA\PD\PIGMENTI_FT-IR\CONERING WHITE -1000scans.0 CONERING WHITE -1000scans
09/11/2010 pigmenti

A16/A29
Absorbance Units
0.4 0.6
0.2

3 536.3 1

1737 .18

1409 .14

1045 .48

775. 83
682. 09
0.0
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.33 Spectrele FT-IR in reflexie (albastru-absorbanta) si in transmisie (rosu-transmitanta) al

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\FOCALIZARE VERTICALA\PD\PIGMENTI_FT-IR\flake white hist_46003-1000scans.0 flake white hist_46003-1000scans
19/10/2010 pigmenti
1 944.9 7
1 910.8 3
1 876.8 5

1 794.6 9

1 594.1 0

1 464.6 4

1 397.5 8
1823 .92

1222 .36

1159 .53

1097 .64

pigmentului alb (flake white)

0.15
Absorbance Units
0.10 0.05

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\_FTIR-TRANS_\PD\D7.0 D7 KBr pellet 21/10/2010

0.00

1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800

Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.34 Spectrul FT-IR in reflexie al pigmentului indigo

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\FOCALIZARE VERTICALA\PD\PIGMENTI_FT-IR\INDIGO -1000scans.0 INDIGO -1000scans pigmenti
09/11/2010

A17/A29
 100
90 80
Transmi ttance [%]
50 60 40
3070

35 71.4 1

10 94.9 5
10 34.7 9
1406 .46

597. 54
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
Wavenumber cm-1
1 821.7 7

1 645.9 8

1 397.4 3

9 49.53

8 09.04

7 12.17
1159 .19

1110 .36

Fig.35 Spectrul FT-IR in transmisie al pigmentului sulfat de plumb (lead sulfate)

0.20 0.15
Absorbance Units
0.10 0.05

2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800

Wavenumber cm-1

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\_FTIR-TRANS_\PD\D2.0 D2 KBr pellet 21/10/2010

Fig.36 Spectrul FT-IR in reflexie al pigmentului ocru (lichtocker gebrannt)

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\FOCALIZARE VERTICALA\PD\PIGMENTI_FT-IR\LICHTOCKER GEBRANNT-1000scans.0 LICHTOCKER09/11/2010
GEBRANNT-1000scans pigment

A18/A29
 100
80
Transmi ttance [%]
40 20
0 60

29 84.2 9

25 14.3 7
2874 .81

1798 .59

1432 .74

876. 22

71 2.69

471. 79
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.37 Spectrul FT-IR in transmisie al pigmentului praf de marmura (marble just)

1 102.8 7
1737 .99

1397 .14

1159 .28

1046 .73

865. 92
8 46.13

694. 98
682. 74
0.6
0.5
Absorbance Uni ts
0.2 0.30.1
0.0 0.4

1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800

Wavenumber cm-1

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\_FTIR-TRANS_\PD\D6.0 D6 KBr pellet 21/10/2010

Fig.38 Spectrul FT-IR in reflexie al pigmentului masicot plumb (massicot bleihaltie)

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\FOCALIZARE VERTICALA\PD\PIGMENTI_FT-IR\MASSICOT BLEIHALTIE-1000scans.0 MASSICOT BLEIHALTIE-1000scans
08/11/2010 pigmenti

A19/A29
 1 738.6 4

1591 .92

1404 .16

1223 .69

1159 .52

1045 .91

994. 38

8 30.28

6 83.69
0.40 0.30
Absorbance Uni ts
0.20 0.10
0.00

1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800

Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.39 Spectrul FT-IR in reflexie al pigmentului minium

100
80
Transmittance [%]
40 2060

16 35.3 1

13 84.9 4

11 08.7 2
10 64.3 3
1128 .45

86 1.57

62 8.22
59 9.18

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\FOCALIZARE VERTICALA\PD\PIGMENTI_FT-IR\minium_42500-1000scans.0 minium_42500-1000scans 19/10/2010

pigmenti
1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400
Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.40 Spectrul FT-IR in transmisie al pigmentului molibdat

(molybdatrot, bleimolybdat-chromat)
H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\_FTIR-TRANS_\PD\B2.0 B2 KBr pellet 11/11/2010

A20/A29
 1 820.2 1
1 797.0 1

1 643.8 5

1 395.1 1

1 159.0 5

9 44.91

8 07.32

710. 49
1462 .57

1220 .40

1104 .73

1021 .76
0.20 0.15
Absorbance Uni ts
0.10 0.05
0.00

2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800

Wavenumber cm-1
100
90

Fig.41 Spectrul FT-IR in reflexie al pigmentului raw siena

80
40 50 60 70
Transmi ttance [%]
30
20

36 99.3 5
36 21.5 0

34 55.6 9

11 05.7 5
1031 .70

913. 12

796. 96
69 5.48

537. 21
471. 48

3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500

Wavenumber cm-1

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\FOCALIZARE VERTICALA\PD\PIGMENTI_FT-IR\RAW SIENA -1000scans.0 RAW SIENA -1000scans 10/11/2010

pigmenti

Fig.42 Spectrul FT-IR in transmisie al pigmentului ocru (spanish red ochre)

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\_FTIR-TRANS_\PD\E1.0 E1 KBr pellet 22/10/2010

A21/A29
 100
80
Transmittance [%]
40 20
0 60

34 04.3 7

11 42.6 2
3546 .67

3243 .10

1685 .10
1620 .66

670. 02
60 1.81

45 8.15
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
Wavenumber cm-1
100

Fig.43 Spectrul FT-IR in transmisie al pigmentului terra alba

80
Transmittance [%]
40 20 60

17 97.8 5

10 26.4 9
2512 .90

1427 .64

876. 01

712. 38

50 9.03
42 9.21

3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500

Wavenumber cm-1

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\_FTIR-TRANS_\PD\D3.0 D3 KBr pellet 21/10/2010

Fig.44 Spectrul FT-IR in transmisie al pigmentului alb de titan (titan weiss)

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\_FTIR-TRANS_\PD\A11.0 A11 KBr pellet 09/11/2010

A22/A29
 100
80
Transmittance [%]
40 20 60

36 95.2 3
36 19.9 6

10 30.7 7
2512 .29

1795 .48

1431 .12

913. 52
876. 04

712. 33

53 8.83
467. 14
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
Wavenumber cm-1

1 222.7 6

1 159.2 7

789. 81
754. 68
732. 64
2081 .59

1651 .46

1109 .16

Fig.45 Spectrul FT-IR in transmisie al pigmentului bleumarin (ultramarin hell)

0.25 0.20
Absorbance Uni ts
0.10 0.15
0.05
0.00

2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800

Wavenumber cm-1

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\_FTIR-TRANS_\PD\B3.0 B3 KBr pellet 11/11/2010

Fig.46 Spectrul FT-IR in reflexie al pigmentului ultramarin foarte inchis

(ultramarine blue, very dark)
H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\FOCALIZARE VERTICALA\PD\PIGMENTI_FT-IR\ultramarine blue, very dark_45000-1000scans.0 ultramarine
19/10/2010
blue, very dark_45000-1000scans

A23/A29
 100
80
Transmi ttance [%]
40 20
0 60

34 53.1 8

32 59.2 7

28 54.7 9

10 78.1 6
2925 .70

1624 .81

951. 20
88 2.19
81 4.26
71 5.30

472. 46
424. 52
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
Wavenumber cm-1
100
80
60
Transmittance [%]
-0 20 40
-20
-40

14 29.0 2
1684 .99
1620 .94

1115 .01
1035 .37

875. 54

669. 84
60 1.69
52 1.22
46 8.83
-60

3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500

Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.47 Spectrul FT-IR in transmisie al pigmentului cromat de zinc, galben zinc

(zinkgelb zinkchromat)
H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\_FTIR-TRANS_\PD\A15.0 A15 KBr pellet 11/11/2010

Fig.48 Spectrele FT-IR in transmisie ale pigmentilor terra di siena geb (sus), terra di siena nat
H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\_FTIR-TRANS_\PD\A4.0 A4 KBr pellet 08/11/2010
H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\_FTIR-TRANS_\PD\A5.0 (mijloc) si terra verde (jos)
A5 KBr pellet 08/11/2010
H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\_FTIR-TRANS_\PD\B5.0 B5 KBr pellet 11/11/2010

A24/A29
 100
90
Transmittance [%]
70 80
60
50

2 361.5 5
2 335.9 7

1 067.7 8
2541 .14

2430 .74

2164 .80

2077 .49

1922 .76

1804 .56

1576 .22

1102 .19

9 20.79

828. 08
2500 2000 1500 1000
Wavenumber cm-1
100

Fig.49 Spectrul FT-IR in transmisie al pigmentului malachit

80
Transmittance [%]
40 20 60

36 95.1 0
3619 .99

1009 .26

693. 96

583. 25
538. 80
450. 65

3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500

Wavenumber cm-1

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\FOCALIZARE VERTICALA\PD\PIGMENTI_FT-IR\MALACHIT -1000scans.0 MALACHIT -1000scans 08/11/2010

pigmenti

Fig.50 Spectrul FT-IR in transmisie al pigmentului dark

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\_FTIR-TRANS_\PD\D9.0 D9 KBr pellet 21/10/2010

A25/A29
 100
95
Transmi ttance [%]
85 8090

1042 .07

77 2.01

47 1.52
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.51 Spectrul FT-IR in transmisie al pigmentului smalt

100
80
Transmi ttance [%]
40 20
0 60

32 59.2 7

2092 .17

1611 .87

1415 .96

60 5.55
50 0.37

3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500

Wavenumber cm-1

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\_FTIR-TRANS_\PD\D10.0 D10 KBr pellet 20/10/2010

Fig.52 Spectrul FT-IR in transmisie al pigmentului albastru de Prusia (prussian blue)

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\_FTIR-TRANS_\PD\D11_REPETAT.0 D11_REPETAT KBr pellet 22/10/2010

A26/A29
 100
90
80
Transmi ttance [%]
50 60 70
40
30
20

34 24.9 5

14 98.1 2

10 31.3 4
1416 .91

95 3.95

83 7.98

45 9.47
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.53 Spectrul FT-IRD12

in transmisie al pigmentului azurite
100
80
Transmi ttance [%]

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\_FTIR-TRANS_\PD\D12.0 KBr pellet 22/10/2010

40 20
0 60

3537 .59

99 0.38

79 9.41

67 8.83

491. 19
455. 99
436. 38

3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500

Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.54 Spectrul FT-IR in transmisie al pigmentului pamant verde (russian green earth)
H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\_FTIR-TRANS_\PD\E3.0 E3 KBr pellet 20/10/2010

A27/A29
 100
80
Transmi ttance [%]
40 20 60

2014 .42

1418 .18

1036 .27

87 3.98

60 4.57
56 4.83
47 0.87
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.55 Spectrul FT-IR in transmisie al pigmentului negru de os (bone black)

1 731.7 5

1 593.5 0

1 394.0 1

1 159.7 5

1 081.8 7

9 30.64
897. 87

828. 73
1468 .42

1220 .59

1126 .69

1059 .65
1033 .71
0.06
0.05
0.03 0.04
Absorbance Uni ts
0.02 0.01
0.00

1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800

Wavenumber cm-1

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\_FTIR-TRANS_\PD\E4.0 E4 KBr pellet 20/10/2010

Fig.56 Spectrul FT-IR in reflexie al damarului

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\FOCALIZARE VERTICALA\PD\MATERIALE PICTURALE_FT-IR\DAMMAR GUM-1000scans.0 DAMMAR04/11/2010
GUM-1000scans MATERIALE

A28/A29
 1 470.5 1

1 395.8 0

1 263.0 4
1745 .35

1645 .10

1591 .63

1300 .99

1220 .19

1159 .52

1091 .93

9 51.29

8 02.25

7 32.94
0.08
0.06
Absorbance Uni ts
0.04 0.02
0.00

2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800

Wavenumber cm-1

Fig.57 Spectrul FT-IR in reflexie pentru shellac

1 738.2 1

1 592.3 6

1 469.3 6

1 052.3 6

9 00.82

829. 53
1727 .49

1392 .25

1222 .38

1159 .63

1085 .71
0.05 0.04
Absorbance Uni ts
0.02 0.03
0.01
0.00

2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800

Wavenumber cm-1

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\FOCALIZARE VERTICALA\PD\MATERIALE PICTURALE_FT-IR\SHELLAc waxes-1000scans.0 SHELLAR-1000scans

04/11/2010 MATERIALE PIC

Fig.58 Spectrul FT-IR in reflexie al colofoniului

H:\_DATE_SPECTROSCOPIE_\FT-IR\FOCALIZARE VERTICALA\PD\PIGMENTI_FT-IR\COLOFONIU-1000scans.0 COLOFONIU-1000scans 10/11/2010
pigmenti

A29/A29