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Keywordsmodeling; photovoltaic systems; maximum power Figure 1. Block diagram of a PV array connected to the load [1].
point tracking; incremental conductance; buck converter
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Fig. 6 shows a Simulink diagram of a buck converter in
that can be seen its components parameters [1]. For the
implementation of buck converter is used
SimPowerSystems, where can be built any custom structure.
The buck converter has a voltage input from the PV solar panel
and a reference command input from MPPT controller which
command the power MOSFET transistor. At the output of the
buck converter is connected a resistive load of 2 ohms.
Figure 7. Block diagram of the MPPT controller [1]. Figure 9. Variation of irradiance used in simulation.
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Legend:
Output of PV solar panel;
Output of the buck converter.
The simulation was run with the MPPT controller using the
incremental conductance algorithm. Fig. 11 presents the
voltage, current and power coming out of the PV solar panel
which is the magenta lines and the cyan lines which are the
output of the buck converter. The voltage at the input of PV
panel is stabilized at 17 V. As the irradiance is changing, the
MPPT controller makes the power coming out of the PV array
to be kept at maximum [1]. The PV solar panel generate 93.1 Figure 12. The simulation results of the PV system without MPPT controller.
W maxim power and the power obtained at the output of buck
converter was found to be around 87 W for a solar irradiation From Table II result that the MPPT controller increasing
the efficiency of the PV system as a whole. The loss of power
level of 800 W/m 2 (Fig. 11). The incremental conductance from the available 93.1 W generated by the PV solar panel to
method has an efficiency of 93%. This suggests that the MPPT 87 W at the output of buck converter can be explained by
controller is doing a pretty good job. losses in coupling circuit (diode and capacitor), losses in the
PWM circuit and the inductive and capacitive losses in the
buck converter circuit. Therefore, it was seen that using the
incremental conductance MPPT method increased the
efficiency of the photovoltaic system, for a solar irradiation
Legend:
value of 800 W/m 2 , by approximately 26 % from an output
Output of PV solar panel;
power of 68.6 W to an obtained output power of 87 W.
Output of the buck converter.
TABLE II. POWER AS A FUNCTION OF IRRADIANCE MODIFICATION
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In Table IV are presented the efficiency increase of the PV IV. CONCLUSIONS
systems by using MPPT controller with incremental This paper discussed the implementation of a maximum
conductance algorithm against case without MPPT controller. power point tracking algorithm for a photovoltaic system that
is used to evaluate the performance of the incremental
TABLE IV. EFFICIENCY INCREASE OF PV SYSTEM
conductance method under rapidly changing irradiance level.
Table Efficiency increase of PV system The algorithm was tested against fast change in irradiance (step
Head Irradiance (W/m) Efficiency of PV System (%) change in irradiance).
1. 400 138 The simulation model includes the PV solar panel, the
2. 600 65 dc/dc buck converter and the MPPT controller. The modeling
and simulation was done in MATLAB / Simulink. This
3. 800 26.82 simulation model enabled the analysis of the performance of
4. 1000 5.66 PV systems. The simulation results were presented and
analyzed to validate that the incremental conductance
5. 1200 0 algorithm is effective at rapidly changing irradiance level. This
model provides a good evaluation of performance of MPPT
Fig. 13 shows the step change response [15] of the MPPT control for the PV systems.
controller under fast changing irradiance level. As can be seen
from Fig 13 a), for a step size of duty cycle (d ) of 0.003 REFERENCES
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