CARBOHYDRATE

carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones or their derivatives. in addition

carbohydrate jiga prepared by 2 (two) to 8 (eight) monosaccharides called oligosakarida. the
objective was to identify carbohydrates in samples by milic assays, identify reducing sugars in
carbohydrate compounds by benedict test, identify monosaccharides and disaccharides with
barfoed test, identify carbohydrates of ketosan groups with seliwanoff test, identify
carbohydrates with iodine starch reaction, and identify sucrose hydrolysis with reagent barfoed,
seliwanoff, and benedict. mplisch test with glucose, sucrose, maltose, arabinose, cellulose and
amylum positive samples by producing purple rings but cellulose does not produce rings because
it is difficult to hydrolyze. benedict tests with glucose, fructose, maltose and galactose positive
samples resulted in a red but brick red sediment for sucrose and starch because it lacked reducing
sugars. barfoed test with gulkosa samples, fructose is the fastest sedimentary monosaccharide.
sucrose, lactose, and maltose including disaccharides. positive seliwanoff test for sucrose,
fructose and negative for glucose because it is not a class of sinners. hydrolysis of positive
sucrose for all reagents. starch reaction with positive iodine in acidic and neutral conditions form
a blue solution.

keywords: carbohydrates, molisch test, benedict, barfoed, seliwanoff, sucrose hydrolysis

PROTEIN

proteins are complex organic compounds with high molecules that are polymer molecules of
amino acid monomers. this experiment aims to identify free amino acids in proteins with the
ninhydrin test, identify peptide bonds in proteins with biuret tests, and identify the isoelectric tth
of proteins shown by the pH that make up most deposits. on the ninhydrin test in which the
albumin sample when added with the ninhydrin reagent will result in a blue solution due to
deamination and decarboxylation reactions. a biuret test in which albumin and urea samples were
added 10% NAOH and 0.1% CuSO4 added will result in a purple solution due to the formation
of complexes between Cu2 + central atoms with peptide bonds in an alkaline atmosphere. an
isoelectric point is a state at a certain pH when a positive charge will have a negative charge on
the protein molecule. Casein sample added acetate buffer pH 6, 5.3, 5, 4.1, and 3.8. which will
result in the most sediment or turbidity being the result of the isoelectric point. obtained
isoelectric point of pH range 3.8-4.1

keywords: protein, ninhdrin, biuret, isoelectric point

 LIPID

lipid is a biomolecule compound used as a source of energy and is a structural component of

membrane constituents as well as pelindng vitamins or hormones. the simplest lipids and many
fatty acids as the constituent units are triacylglycerols commonly called fat, neutral fats or
triglycerides. Qualitative analysis of fat can be done by solubility test, acrolein test, and test
lieberman-burchard. a solubility test is used to identify lipid solubility with marked stains on the
filter paper. this filter paper serves as a medium for knowing the solubility of fat. principle used
in solubility test that is like dissolve like and solubility difference. of the samples tested, the
results of positive observations dissolved in the filter paper ie chloroform, hot alcohol, and cold
alcohol. the acrolein test was used to identify glycerol in the sample. principally the
dehydratation reaction of glycerol with anhydrous KHSO4 to form an unsaturated aldehyde
compound ie acrolein. Positive results are characterized by a distinctive smell of rancid odor.
from observations of glycerol and ollive oil positive samples containing glycerol. the lieberman-
burchard test is used to identify cholesterol. positive results are characterized by a dark green-
colored LARUTANN.

Keywords: lipid, trigligliserol, solubility, acrolein, lieberman-burchard