BIBLIGTHECA INDICA; COLLECTION OF ORIENTAL WORKS PUDLISHED UNDER THE PATROVACE Oy TOR Won Court of Directors af the Trst Enya Company ~ AND Tih BUEERINTENDEYCE oy tue ASIATIC SOCILTY OF BENGAL LW VSSAVADATTA, A ROMANCL By Susaxone ACCOMPANIED BY SIVARAMA LLIPATHIN S PERPL AUAL GLu%, PNVIIILED DARPALA * aif zoirpoay 2 - : VIT/) DARD HALL YEWTED BYE Wo LEWIS Nurtisn Lisayot Puess WuEDITOR'S PREFACE, Katy tyana,* the gremmanan, is the earhest author Luown, by whom a tale of Vasavadattét appears to be indicated To discourage the surmise that Subandlut was beholden to this or te any other ancient composition, there 1s, however, the argu- ment of entire silence, in all Hindu literature yet discovered, that he was thus indebted The object which he proposed to himself was, 1t 13 justly mfcrred, ofa nature to render choice of plot a matter of very sccondary umport His aim, as shght observation may snffice to convince, 18 the illustration of certain powers of the Sanskrit, and this through the medium of such Imagery as was, m hi time, sounted most tasteful, and such * By way of cxemplification, while annotating Panini 2d démia, $th adaydya, 33 pdéda Works are there instanced in connexian with Ubo names of Vasavadatts, Sumapottary, and Dhamarath’ SeoDp Bubt lnngk's edition of the As/téd/ yéyf Vot IL, p 189 t Vasaradatta, as dencmnating a woman, is fikely, from its etymolozy, to be very ancient, and it occurs sn books of the Nsuddhas no lece than in those ofthe Bruhmans Sea Burnouf's Introduction & 1 Histowe du Buddhisme Indien, Vol I, p 146 t Subandbu, as an appellation, 18 of great aulsyaity Professor Wilson says of the sacred ebaracter socalled who 1s mentioned in thar obi) act ofthe UfpichcAsalapkd drama, that be has not been identified.” Select Speexmene of the Theatre of the Hindus, 21 edition Vol I, p 136, According to the faredavirana of the Rig reda, Bandbe, Subsa dhu, Srutabandhu, and Viprabendhu, sone of Gopuyana or Lopayana were yank authors of a byma, the twenty fourth of the Gh mred its,a allusions to Inihan lore as were then especially held in esteem At the least, st 18, accordingly, just as probable that he devised, ag that he borrowed, the hungry array of incidents which he has employ ed as a vehicle for the excention of his purpose. The romance of Vésavadatté referred to mm the Aftlati-nd- dhara,* as,1n like manner, that found detailed in the Kathd-sarit- * Scanty asia the clue which Bhavabhtt: affords to the fiction which he intends, still lis spectfication of Sanjaya ag a leading actor in itis enough to evince that the poet had in mind some narrative now no longer fambar. ‘Itscems probable,” says Profeasor Wilson, im sola. tion, that the story of Vasavadatt’ underwent some alterations sob sequent to the tme'of Bhavabhtt:, and [that] the omginal form 1s lost *” Select Specimens, de » 22 edition, Vol Hl, p 35. Yet the Professor, elucidating the mention, mn the Megha-détay of “the story of Udayana,” adopts, unhesitatingly, the explanation given by the commentators ; they relating, as the tale hinted at, one in which Sanjaya figures as rival of Vasavadatta’s lover. Cloud messenger, 2d edition, p 30 For this confident procedure on the part of the expositors, their own authonty 1a allthat we have No donbt they speak of a fiction of which they had some knowledge but, as Professor Wilson has not made out which “form? of the Tasavadattd was the older, nor that this was not the title of several independent romances, £0 the annotators, abore spoken of, have left xt undetermned whether there may not have been a plurality of Udayanas, and whether the one commemorated in the Megha déta may not have been unknown to them There is, consequently, very feeble warrant for the’opimGn, to which Professor Wilson ao easily agsents, that the Megha-duta pomts to any story concerned with a Vasavadatta , an opmicn which, nevertheless, he iterates and reiterates“ The loves of Vatsa* ® * and Vasavadatta * * * are alluded to in the Megha duta, and are narrated m the Brihat katha [read Kathd sartt sogara] of Somadeva* Select Specrmens, &c, 2d edition, vol Il, p 207, See also, lus edition of the Das'q kumdra chartta, p 55 ‘The story of ‘Vussvadatta seems to haye been very popular in the middle ages. tis §'ren in the Surat ségara [Hatha sara-sagara], and 1a alluded to wthe Megha duta and in the Malati and Médhaca,” Id, ibid, p. 100 “Mr Colebrooke,” eays the Professor, * has stated that the allusion by Duarablott waa unsupported by other authonty, not Laving, perhaps, Dotieed the sumlar allasion i this poem.” Cloud messenger, 2d edition,3 sdgera,—and which had previously heen dramatized in the Pats p 30 In observing that “‘no other trace has been yet found of the atory to which Bhayabhiti has alluded,” 1t may much rather be conjec- tured that Colebrooke, so"far from bemg mobservant, while fully aware ofwhat Professor Wilson assumes, in suite, to be an allusion, amply means to mgntfy,1n his reticent manner, a distrust, in this particular instance, of Indian eriticram and here, most assuredly, tt 1s suilicentiy ineonclusive See Miscell Essays Vol II, p 135 Ttisa httle smgular that Professor Wilson should have published what occurs regarding Udayana, in hus second edition of the Cloud mes Benger, and above al), the strictare, above cited, on the moat discursive of Sanskrit scholars, and the most exact for Lis range of reading, after he liad written ag follows “im consequence of miswnderstauding the exact purport of Mr Colebrooke’s remark 1 considered Ita to have overs Yooked an allusion to the story of Udayana, in the Megha dula which, however, 1s merely general, and therefore throws no light onthe pasea,e” Select Specimens, dc, 2d edition, Vol II, p 32 The endjoined verses are cited aa showing incidentally, by a specimen on which Luropean editors of the Megha-duta have not yet happened, to what extent this poem haa been alloyed by angmentatibns utterly un worthy of if author By tla unsightly exereseence evidence 18 more especially supplied, that at least oue of the poetasters by whom it has been sophisticated understands, by the Vasavadatté supposed to be intimated in the mention of Udayana a persom who, ag the interpolator epeaks of her, differs from any that we have hitherto heard of, unless it be posably, the queenin the Ratnuval: According to this addition, the poet, referrmg to Uypyim, 1s made to say ‘Here the Prince of ‘Vatsa possessed himself of the beloved daughter of Prhdyota’ In the Kathé sarct ségara the Vasavadatta of Ujyayiniis daughter of Chanda» mahisena, while, in the Rafnavals Vusavadatta 1s dau liter of Pradyota and the residence of her fatheris not noticed The Kathd sarit sogara makes Pradyota king of Magadha, and father of Padmavati, Vatsas second wife forhe marnes twice Select Specimena, fe, 2d edition Vol 11, p 269, and Dr Brockhaus s Kathé sant sdgara Val I,p 151 of the Sanskrit, or p 44 ofthe German translation, for a cortection of Professor Wilson s ** Chandasena strereteafear Sifam vy uM RUA ama aster 1 Tel war fauforctaars Fagard warei narals,—resombles, nv scarcely a fiature, barring the common eau oeafusdanrsmnt | waraa fragtere sacs Ad Ya ASRS Wea TT | wag “Fare aeafate eer eure ary carafe ara ae aaeafira 4 arena fara cern a are aremeatre afetr eiean vegTT Sram afrenys wait afivare TREE CET TAT STIATIS a One of the commentaries in whieh these three atanzas aro found is tho work of an author who does not gives name ‘Tho first two of these tetrastichs are, moreover, exhibited and expounded by another anony- mons schohast, a Jaina All three ara seen, with the usual amount of notes, in some copies of Malhnatha’s annotations Their place is after the thirty second stanza agreeably to the notation of the Afegia dufa in the edation of Professor Gildemeister Malhoutha or his counterfeit, explains Vatsa rdja to denote ‘the lord of Vatsa a coutttry 20 called” Somadeva also describes Vatsa as beng a region, of wluch Kausfambi 13 a ty afaaa tft eater * * * 2 £ *£ © 4 £ HH & * ® Riel are wana wept awa 1 See Dr Brockhauss edition of the Kathé sarté sagara, p 7 of tho Sanskrit, orp 83 of the German Ilemackandra—LV , 4l—gives Valse patiana aa 4 synonyme of Kaus- fimb1 In ha schoha Vatsa pattana 1s explained to be the city of the Vatsa raga or of a province socalled There must be a unstake here Professor Wilson, on the contrary, everywhere erroneously takes Vatea raja to mean ‘King Vatsa’ In his translation of tho Raindval: he puts Vatsa Raja ’ where the original has amply Réj¢ and‘ Vatsa, where it has Vatserdja or Deva Agam in his Vishnu purdna,p 186 he calls the Vateaa * the people perhaps of Vatsa Raya of Kensambbt (sze) near the yunetion of the Jumna and the Ganges Colebreoke, in hts Narrative of a Journey from Murzapur to Nagpur, by w route never before travelled by any European in 1798 9 * having occasion to name Rumagin after reflecting on Takshmana’s scandalous demeanour at that place, goes on to say “The ground 1s more troly5 appellation of their reepective heromes, the one with which we are at present engaged.* A name which association has rendcr- claame, a3 the spot which the anonymous author of the Afeghe dita chose for the acene of lus poem ’ Asiatic Annual Remster for 1806, Miscel- Taneous Traeis, p 27. This is the only place whera Colebrocke pronounces expheitly on the authorship of tho Cloud messenger, and the gudgment hero expreased 1s gowhere tetracted, nor modified, an any of bis pnuted works That ho was not speaking of the poem unadvisedly 1s mamifest from the fact that he proceeds to analyzo it “This now perfectly well understood,” wmtes Professor Wilson, “ that, in India, identity of nameis by no means identity of person ’ and this Moazim may be predicated, with equal trath, of any other country what. soever At the end of the twenty-fourth chapter of Lakshm{ Vallablia’s Xalpadru Lalthd, which expounds the Kelpa sutra of the Jainas, we read of aking Udayana, who conquers Chandapradyota, and becomes Jord of Uyjayint This tale, again, certainly auggeats, in several names, tho old fection of the Princo of Vatsa Such fogic as Tucilen’s might seem, however, to be our model, f we were ta infer, thence, any very tatimate connexon between the two | “There 9 river in Macedon , and there is also, moreover, a rivet at Monmouth tis called Wye, at Monmonth, but itis out of my prans what as the name of the otherriver Bat'tss all one. "bis no hko as my fingerais to my fogers, aud there ss salmons in both’ * Professor Wilson s various assertions on this Lewd are quite bevond ty teconchation In his Select Specmens, &c, 2d edition, Vo! I, p Sl, after speaking of Udayana, bo remarls “Tis adrenturs aro re- corded in the Fasaradaltd, a poery by Subandhy, and in the Zshat- Katha” (Rathé earvt sépara] Again, it 13 atated that “ Subsndbu, im lus pocma of ¥ dsaraiatif * * * scemn to have given tho story a new form altogether” Id,ibid, Vol IL, p 35 In the eame volume of the etme work, at p 259% we further find as followa “The Tusacadattd ofSebondla* © * hss nothing in common with the story of [tho king of} Vatenand lus bride, as girenin other works, “except the name of tho latter” ererthelees mitho serond edition of the Cloud messen- fer, which was published after the second umpreanon of the Sclect Specie mens, hc. iisead.at p 39, that “the Tdsaradstid of Sudbandha © + corrceponds 2a many pointy with that of Udayana’ 2s there detailed, hy the Professor, from certain scholiasts st being alleged that Vasava datte’a marmage wath Udayans, in the Aathd-sarvt sdzara,* ae * * related in nearly a railer manger Ly those anuotators6 ed popular is an advantage of which an anthor would scarcely hesitate to avait himeclf, if confident of his ability to challenge, in some respects, 9 propitious comparison, Nothing very definite, touching the age of Subandhu, has rewarded past enquiry. That he lived long posterior to the great Vikramaditya of Ujjayini, we have, with some distinctness, his own testimony: for, while regretting the eplendour of that celebrated monarch, he marks with reprobation the degeneracy and the wanton injustice of his Iater euccessors.* One of the schohasts of out author, palpably on tho sole strength of these expressions, affirms that Subandhu was a retainer to Vikramé. ditya, and that he composed the Vdsaradatéd after the death of his patton ¢ As a deduction from the Janguage of the text, these statements are of no value whatever; and, in the eom- plete absence of even traditional corroboration, they may be set ade without scruple. More than this, the internal evidence furnished by our tale altogether militates against: its appropria- tion to the Augustan period of Hindu letters. In the epteraph to one of my manuseripts, Subandhu is characterized as sister’s son of Vararuchi,{ and this consanguinity has been acquiesced in, ‘The Story of Udayann and Vasavadatté, as toldin the Kathe sartt sdgara, has been translated, by Professor Wilson, in the Onental Quarterly Maga zine, for 1824 and 1825; and there 1s alsoa German version of it, as already intimated, by Dr Brockhaus. The most cursory collation of this tale with that of Subandha, 1f read with say care, even in Colebrooke’s con cise abstract, will avail to establish the correctness of the statement which Lhave made in the text. See Miscell Essayz, Vol II, pp 134 and 135 * © Vikramaditya, lke a Take, haying passed away, all save his renown, such prowess az tras his has penshed, paltry moderas disport themselves, and the strong devour the weak.’ For the onginal, a couplet, see p 7 of the present work. tafece famicene 1 afeuty Greve ni cm fra waar! Narasinha Vaidya Seep 300 of this pubheation, among the vanants at the foot of the page 1 suspect that Professor Wilson’s evidence was no better than this; which, unsubstantiated, 1s weaker even than that of the Thogq prabandka7 by an English onentalist, apparently on the slender attestation of the Bhopa-prabandia The eredit of sober Instory has, at all eventa, heen accorded to this work, where at attaches the two presumptive kansmen tou monarch* who 1s, as commonly as erroneously believed Pandit Is'warnchandra Vidyssugata believes in the relationship men- tioned in the text, and also seems, credulously enough, to have no doubt that Subandhu was one of the ‘Nine Gems’ that graced the court of Vikramaditya See the Bengul: pamphlet entitled Sanslrita bhoshé o Sanskyite sahstya s'astra ctshayaha prastava, p 36 * “Snbandlu the uepbew of Vararuchi, and, as well ag his uncle, patronized by Bhoja” Prof Walson’s Select Specimens, &c, 2d edition, vol If, p 2598 Turther, of Vararuchi “ho 1s also known ug the maternal unele of Subandhu the author of the Mésuvadatié, a tale which that author appeate to have moderaized, and which, in its older form and with diffrent names, 19 told 12 the Drslel-Lathé (Katha sarit- ségera} andis also alluded to by Kalidasa ond Bhavabhét:, who, con- sequently, are prior to Subandhu, aud who might have been contempo- rary, or nearly 80, wth his uncle” Professor Wilson’s Sanskrit Dic- tionary, lst edition, Preface, p x According to Baflafa Misea’s Dhoje prabandke, among the five hun- dred literata befriended by a Bhoya of Dhara, were Varsrucli, Subandhu, Duna, Moytirs, Ramadeva, Harivans'a, Sankara, halioge, Karphra, Kaviruya, Vindyaha Madana, Vidyarinoda, Kokila and Taren tra This list, for which I have compared seven manuseripte, diflera from Professor Wilson’s only sn the doubtful intercalation of Kaviraja See Iua Sanskrit Dictionary, Ist edition, Preface, p ix Various readings aro Vansakars for Sankara, Karpéraka for Karptira, and Narendra for Tarendra =M Parse, in lis curiomsly roaccurate edition of the Lko ao provandda, has Dachiriya for havrkya But we are deahag with a fiction, and wasnot to be supposed, merely ‘on ita roucher, that these authors were aynchronous Sereral of the names here given are of writert who are apoken of elscwhero i this pre face Most of the remainder have eack been borne by more than one author that might be mentioned The most famous aniong these os that of Maytra Bhatts, whoso Surya safaXa las earned one commentary in tho Jiéla canodinf, by Hariwvansa of Lalitapura, in Nepal; another, by Tutim Bhatta, and athisd, by Ganguthara Datbaka. The story which Tam about to reproduce, whatever ita absurdity, may hare an lustoncal basis, 1a making Mayra aad Bina to have been of the8 to have ruledat Dharaa little more than aght hundred years ago * Nothing 1s proved, as conecrns the time of the Vasaradaitd, sameage Ihappened to come upon st in an anonymous commentary on the Bhaltimara stotra, the work of a Jana celebnty, Manatunga A’chirya Wnddha Bhoya or Bhoja the Elder, king of Uyayim, had about him five hundred men of letters, among whom were Mayura and Bana, The former, harming, mn the Mayirdshtaka, depicted mm too glowing colours the charms of his own danghter, was retnbutively emitten with leprosy He then composed the Surya s’atela, and was made whole, in reward for his piety On this, Bana, distempered mth envy, lopped off his own hands and feet,—very hhe any typical Milestan In thia decurtate condition he dictated a poem of a hundred couplets, an encomum on the goddess Chand She appeared in person, and restored his retrenclments Great was the gratulation of the Hindus, wlile the votanes of Arhat were proportionally confounded and cheapened But the eloquent Manatunga Sun was destined to work more than s compensation Bound, with the impenal acquiescence, im eight and forty fetters, he suffered himself to be confined ina chamber, the door being secured by seven padlocks, and guards placed without, to see that all was fair play © Thus circumstanced, he delivered himself of the Bhalidmara stotra A chan fell from sts hold, at the end of cvery stanza , and the padlocks followed the shackles Last of a}, the door spontaneously turned on its hinges The fable, hke most religious romauces, whether of the east or of the west, winds up witha metamorphosis King Bhoja is overwhelmed mth remorse, begs ten thou sand pardons of the thaumaturgie poet, turns a cold shoulder to the Brak, mans, and becomes an exemplary Jaina There ia glmpse of this story at the second page of the Kavya prakisa enfzangarcretar * Gaafrarcya | Jayarams, of whom I shall pre- sently epeak again, annotates, onths watarat ate waaleaisiea gan gar fey xf afete 1 “ Of Bana something more will fail to be said, in coming foot notes * About A. D 1042, say the astronomers of Uyjayuni, and Colebrooke thinks that this date is borne out by that of the Subkdshata ratna. aandoha Miscell Essays, Vol. 12, pp 462 and 463 Takshmidhara—gon of Udayaditya, son of Bhoya—published a grant in AD 1104 His reign seems to have been, at that time, near ita close, but his brother, Naravarman, lived tll 1133) Tt os posstble that thear grandsice was on the throne m 3042 Journal of the Vombay Branch of' 9 by its notice of Nata dhanadatta ,* perhaps the royal person. age, son of Udayana, who figures not only in Somadeva’s cy~ clopedia of legends,y but, presumably, in an older work as well ¢ Nor can anything conclusive be collected from its qmbbling on the name of Uddyotakara§ the logician,|| on that of King Brah- the Royal Asiatic Society, for 1843, pp 277—281, and Colebrooke’s Musee) Essays, Vol I], p 303 Munatanga Acharya im speaking of Viiddha Boa, or the elder Bho- ja, can only be understood as severalizing lim froma later lomony- mous sovercign That the Bhoja of the Saraswats Lanthdbharana was antecedent to the father of Udayaditya, I have plaily made out im a note o few pages further on To say truth, Professor Wilson has no ground whatever to go on further than a bare sameness of name, where he positively speaks of ‘ Bhoya, king of Dhar, in the eleventh cen tury, a dsatinguished patron of learned men” Introduction to Universit Ihstory, fourth ediuan, p 131 I shallecite the Professor sgain, to the same effect * Scep 87 Lhs wife was Prayangus’yama, and he himself was a bing ‘The lady 1s named again at p 236, and her attendant, Priyadars ana f Hatht sarit-ségara, Dr Brockhous’s edspon, Vol 1, pp 375 seqq of the Sanskrit $ Ina note a htile below, this subject 1s discussed at large § See p 235 H Yurlom ‘the author of the Nydya vértela,” according to S'ivarama Jagaddhara if Ins text has not been depraved at the hinds of the sembes tikes Uddyotakara to be the title of a dunlecti¢ exposition by Pakshila Swas min But this ie amposmble lor ‘Nydya cdrfska’ we are to real, however, Dydya mbandha, or Aydya rdrtika tatparya parssaddhi Thus work contana, at appears a rup+ ming enticism on Pakshila Svamn’s Aydya cartike which sup; tements the Aydyasitra of Akshapada or Gotama The earliest expounders of this ange, of whom I know, were Vatsyayana and Difiniga These inklnes J have drana chiefly from the preface to Vachaspati Mis ra's Nydya edepila. Ltparya tld which annotates the Aydya mbandha Wi tyotakara, Udayekara, or Udsyans, surnamed ehbrya, was of the line of Bharadwuya Fis age 1s undeterounedd Among hs prod ietions, am alttion to the above are the Aydya pans shia, or scholia on the ANydyas sutra, the Aurondcah, interpretmg Prasastapadas Pad irthoddes a, c10 madatta,* or on that of Kamalihara Bliksha,t on the Adauhara,t eee which, m tum, elucilates the Pais’eshiha sutra, the Kusumdnjal, re- futing the Baudthis, and the Alma tattwa tireka, which 1s anned at. sundry speculations of the same religionists This author estes one Cha- tuhs’ikha, and is cited by S ctharstia,—whose time I shall discuss bye and bye—in the Khandana-Khentda khédya Colebrooke—Digest of {hindu Law, Rec, Svo eilition, Preface, p xix—speahs of “the sublime worka of Udayana Acharya,’ and atyles him “the reviver of the rational system of philosophy * Sce my Catalogue of Sanshnt Works, &e, Vol I, Appen- dis, p 157, et aliter. Since making these extricts from my Catalogue, I have learned, while a refugee in the Fort of Saugor, that the entire impression has been burnt at Allahabad, by the msurgents It was to have been published in 9 month ortwo The substance of forty quarty pages, not yet imposed, was de~ steoyed m manusenpt. I had retained no copy of it, and Ican never make good the loss * At p 236 He was hing of Panchala, says Narasiwha Vaidya. According to Jagaddhata and Sivarama, hia queen was Somaprabha. + Seep 250 {At p 235 Svivarama appenrs to intimate that rt 1s a treatise ex- pounded by Dharmakirt: Jagaddhara says that Dharmahirti was its au- thor He also considers the sangats, of the Sanshnt context, as a techn cality, equivalent to siddhénta or ‘dogma’ Possibly the right reading is sanghats See Burnouf's Introduction a l’Historre du Buddhsme Indien, Vol I, p 282, foot note The term alaniéra likewise seems to be em ployed ina peculiar acceptation, f confidence 1s to be placed in a verse adduced by Narasinha SEE Sram ave gfe yiT A couplet from the dlankardvatdra whatever tins title may import, on the nature of sensible objects, wall be found m Madhava Acharya’s Sarva- dars ana sangraka, p 14 of the editionin the Bibliotheca Indica At the next page of the eame volume 1s half a lie of metaphysics, purporting to be by Dharmakirti, and there isan entire tetrastich of this writer, the anft of which 1s not very clear, in the S argadhara paddhath Further apecimens are forthcoming, I thmh, mm Kshira Swami on the Amara kos'a ‘There 1s certainly one, from his Varifka in the Pade chandriké For Bauddha matters see, also, pp 173, 179, 255; and 297 If the Kehira Swamm who led during the reign of Jayapida of Cash« mere—which has coarsely been computed to have lasted from A D 772 toYW on the Kéma-sétra of Matlandgr,* or on Maliharyuna + As to extrinsic proofs of the age nt which Subandhn flourish. ed, it 1s estabhshed that he preceded, among medieval iiterators, A D 803—~he the lexweograplical conmmentrtor, the Bhozr or Bhoyie, whont he entesas having written or asasted a vocabulary and a grammar, eannot be the Central Indi Bhoja of the eleventh century See the As Res, Vol XV,p 86 Kshira adduces, repeatedly, under the name of Dhoyay two works of the descriptions just specificdl But st is not at all necessary to believe that, in cvery instance, Bhoya is the name of a king * Seep 89 Mallanaga 1s tho same ag Vateyayana, another of whose epithetsis Virabhadra { possess a copy of ins very rare Adma-suéra, which consists of thurty-si. chapters of grave and most salseions aphomsms It as necompamel by 2 volummous eeposition, the work of Narasimha d‘ustri, of the Bhaskara family, a reardent of Henares The scholtast calls himself disciple of Sarves’wara S ustr, and acknowledges the eucouragement of one Senddlinatha, a royal secon Nerannha Vaxdya has Mandanoga, for Mallanuga, in half a dozen places Dut the former, one may presume, 13 a mistake. t 2,87 A temple to Siva, under this title, on S’riparvata, or S ris‘nila, inthe peninsula It gave shelter to “one of the twelve great lingas the worship of which seetus to have faunshed particularly about the perio I of the first Muhimmadin invasion” Prof Wilson’s Select Specunens, Re, Wed, Vol Il, p 277, See,also,p YBof the same volume “Most, if not all” these colossal phath ‘ are named m works of which the datecimnot Le much Inter than the eighth or mnth century” As Mes, Vol AVIL, pp 196 and 197 And see As Res. Vol V, pp 303 seqq Ina passage ot p V1 are the words ardpala and rdma, and, according to Jaganndtha, whom Sivardma points to, Rame’s paternal granifather, or Aja, 1s here denoted In the Jama recast of the history of Rama's aulsentures, we find this same change in the name of his ancestor This T remember to hare remarked in the S‘atrunaya-mdhhimya, wloch, howe ever, I hare not at present by me toconsultafrest’ The twofold construction of the text, for which Jngaunatha argues, looks very likely Indeed, there as xeareely a dloubt of us being in the right, and of the assumption that Subsanduu deagus « ditzelogy, It 19 net a ttle eunuua that our author, Vaveterute punster thergh he ss, should thus depart from the main current of Thudu tradition in favour of whats, probably. a liberty taken ongmally by mssbehesers Among orthodux records, the deuturo-canonical c212, the author of the Harsha-charita® and of the Kddambert. and thereis an extract from the Kédembart, im the Saraswati. Revé-méhitmya, va its Sfth and twenty-susth chapters, consents to tis aberration, And so does the Mefsya-purdna, which does not spell the name Ayapela, as Profeseor Wilson asserts: Vishnu purdna, p 384, foot-note. Professor Lassen cites the Vishnu purdna at this place, without correcting sts ertor Indigehe Alterthumskunde, Vol. 1, Appendrx, p 4, foot-note. * So faras Jam aware, this work is now, fer the first tune, brought tb the knowledwe of Europe Sansknt scholira In Indi atself itis of very infrequent occurrence , and there are grounds for thiahing that 1t was never heldan much esteem [am aware of but one copy besides my own, and both are imperfict at the conclusion. An epitome of sts narrative I shall not here attempt, but Bunv’s account of himself, with kindred topes which at suggests, may he allowed a httle space, not mnappropriately. This account 1s derived eluefly from the end of the first uckchiwasa ur chapter of the Harska+ charila, and 1s eonewterably fuller than that prefixed to the Kadambart Ascending to the heraie period, Bana speaks of a descendant of Bhtigu, Chyavana, whose son, Dadhicha, marned Saraswatr. Snraswata, their offspring, was born on the same day with Vatsa, the son of Akshaméla and an unnamed person of the stock of Bhtigu Vatsa was father of Vutsyuyona, ‘There genenlomes eve altogether discordant with those hitherto drawn from the Purhms but this 1s not the place to dwell on them Remotely sprong from Vatsyuyana was ont hubera, who had four sons: Achyuta, La‘tua, Hara, and Pas'upata, The list was father of Atthapati, whose sous were eleven in number. Bing, Hansa, S uchi, Kavi, Mobodate ta, Dharma, Jutaredat, Chitrabhinu, Tryaksha, Makadatta, and Vis‘warhipa, Chutrathann married Rijyaders, and they were the parents of Hana When Bana was fourteen years of age, he lost bis sire Among the frends of ins youth were Bhadrunarayana, Te’ans, wd Mavirake: A reader whora he entertained nsed to recite, for his diversion, the Varna praytukioe perdua, which Colonel Wilford would hare pronounced outaf hand, tobe the Vial, or the Odyssey. Buna xod Maviira hare already been named to, ether, We now pass tothe hero of the story. Tushpabhé or Pushpablute was ancestor, perhaps father, of Fratuparila, whos wile was Vastu? Ther sont, elder and younger, were Rayvavardhana and Iarsha Deva or Haralin Malla, A son of the kinz of Malava was aguestofMersha Doth here and below 1 pass by many particulars The corruptoess of me tranwenpte dssuades from minute detart13 kanthdbhonana, which is universally attrilmted to a King Bhojy of Mdilava. The writer of the Réyhara-pindavfya, who is Bana’s home was to the west of the S‘ona or Sone, and a Jeague from the site of a hermitage of Chyavana, ata village ealled PrinkGta; between which and the Ganges lay the village of Mallakota. On the opposite hank of the river was Yashtigriha. Proceedimg onward, after leaving Vashtigrsha, Bana armved at the country of S’nkantha and the court of Harsha Thereis notlung further that mdheates direction; and nothing at all ag smd of distances. The Gayd-méhétmya, in the Péyu-purdna, magnifies the sanctity of Gay, of the Punzhpuna river, of Chyavana’s retreat, and of the Rajagriha forest; allin Behar: aay arear Yar we yar yqaT t sas aiesi yc ye IEE ara As for the country called S‘ haotha, another name of it, Wemachandra affirms, 1s Kurtyangala Anekdrtha-sengraka, I, 178. The § abda-kalpa- druma vays that S’rfkantha is to the N NW. of [fastingpura Kuruyan- pila te mentioned in the Bidgavata purdne, TIT, 1, 24, as having been reached by Vidura, om his way to the Yamuni, after passng, from Prabhisa, through Surashtra, Sauyira, ond Matsya Bat Vidura wis on yulzrimage, ond did not mind a cireint Ile teaches us nothing ‘Lhe Bfakdbidrata— A di-parcan, sf $787—Icadls one to mppose that Kuryangala was not far from the famous Kurekehetra Professor Wilson ss uot very explicit when sycaking of Ruruyéngala, whose inhabatants he calls “the people m the upe per part of the Doab Visknu-purena, p 192, note 93, In an earher pubs Leation, the same whiter, after hastily identifying Hastinapura with Delis, finds, 1a Thanesue, the todem representative of Kurnjungsla Selet Spe- eimens, &c, 2d edition, Vol, IL, p 397 Kuropingala wasa region, not a town; and at ley nearer the fills than Thanesur The passige of the Harsha-charita ulich has occasioned the present note shall now be given Several stanzas which preeuife it are evied, an the S'éragadhare paddhab, as beg by Bana, avd one stanza, from the third chapter of the tale, as adduced in the Kory’ prulisa See the Culeutta levine ML ER tate walang Car we araTara t at aeeqaret aier wtayacat wqaaiena? wit tarramatonfae) wyreeiqusa agen wardi &14 known only by Ins surname of Kavirdja, also speaks of Subandhu afamfrrnamyatia wifsares, | faqaartatr Gre wafer quifer Wild. weeGae yarat Faeroe | Baca UT oe Bieta STAT I AS Ae a, RUE ea eUie | BqTaaT Bi wat ZagVler fadavg a ar ae arieeree ala | Rehacarsry wartifiag sya it As rae BAT ATTIAT | SUMas Ft ay faqrera SETA It = ae A RMIRATERE Tae, Hache! = ~ te foes waaee ata at TTAA ID Introduction, stanzas 11-18 In this extract the work of Subandhu 13, at the outset, named with enlogy, and not otherwise than as 1f of contemperaneous ongin ‘The pride of posts dissolved away, m sooth, in presence of the Vasavadatté, in like manner as the assurance of the sons of Pandy evaporated by reason of the javelin bestowed on Karna? The legend runs, that the hing of heaven gave to Jharnann irresistible umplement of warfare, which might be termed, fiom sts donor, 8 ara or Vasava, odfsavadatia, ‘Indra-given,’ dee the Mahkdbhdrate, Ads parvan,s} 2780 .nch 67,and sf 4409in ech LIL also Drona parvan, ch 180, passim This couplet of Bana ts quoted, and as his, by out com. mentator, at p 9 Next comes Bhattara Hanchanira, whois commented, in terms, for his prose Nothingis known of hus ments frou any extant remarns of his writings S’alivahana’s vocabulary 1s, likewise, thought to have pershed, and how Pravarasena distinguished himself, we are to longer inforred Among the various hings go called were twu of Cashmere, the former of whom. was graudfather of the secon] = ‘The Intter, according to hathana, dethroned and afterwards rehabilitated Pratapas’ila or $ sJaditya, son of Vikramaditia Rya tarangipi, chap 3, s't 332 and 333 p 33 of the Calcutta edition Withee wn watery Vi Nuc tale are tie to"be Uctermmel his paternity is nghtly etsted by Kalhana, he was not of Gujerat That he rufed over Mulava, 23 ery much more likels. Bias, the dramatist, 15, undoubtedly, Wantical with the bhasaka quoted in the Sdrngadhara padddats, ond lauded, by impheation,sn the Mélarikdg-15 asa predecessor, ina stanza where he and Bina Bhatta, with nimitra, wo almost all the 3ISS ef it which I have seen Dr Tullberg, in ing edition of this play, p. 3, prefers to real Dhavaha, an option now seareily admissible, as will appear below. After a careful collation of a good number of copies of the Mdfavekdgnimura, my conclusion 1s, further, that the poets whom st names with Bhasaka are Ramiia and Sauna I will add that the frequent omanon, in 3155. of this drama, of the sords attributing it to Kalidasa, furnishes a strong presumption that they lave been foisted into the orginal composition Kalidasa need not detain us The Brikaf kathé is then mentioned , but ite language 13 not diserimmated A‘dhyaruja appedrs to hive been a poct of more capacity than performance Among the specunens of poctry adduced, in the S dragadhara paddhati, as by Buna, are vorses which form no part of the Kadambarf, and which are not in the portion of the Harska chartéa ta which Ihave aceuss If not taken from sts sequel, they must belong to sone thind work ‘That Rana twas not content with two productions may some day be settled conclusivel}, Dut there 13 alrcady a colour of reason to allot another to him, evenso notable a performance as the Ratadzal( drama. T find, in this play, a atanza—quoted, | may mention, as from at, in the Sarancet{ hanthdbharani—which occurs, wort for word,in the fifth chapter ofthe Harsha-charita also @A9TS &e, Sce the Ratndeali, p 3 of the Catentta edition Hindu poets uot unfrequentiy repeat themscives, but dowarght plagiarism, among them, of onc respectable sulhor from another, wunknown That the verses in discussion are not interpolated 14 pretty clear from the fact of thur bemg altogether apposite to both the connexians in wlach they occur “The attubunon of x play ta x regal author,” obscrves Professor Wilson, “aa nota mogular occurrence The Ratacrah, as will be hereafter notiee }, ws ascribed co abard of ike dignity " Select Specimens, Re, 2 edition Vol I,p 6 “The place,” says the same witer, “to mhich the Rutndcal/ is enti- tled in the dramatie hiterature of the Findus as the more mtercstang, aa the date 1s verifiable beyond all reasonable doubt It +s stated, ia the prelu fe, to he the enmpaniian.of the saxererg, § rilarba Dewa 4 hing of thie name, and apreat patron of learned men, rugned over Cashisir Ie was tho reputed euther of screral works, being, however, en fact, only the patron, the compositions bearing fiw name ising wrth the author of the Avrya prakds'a axserts, by Dhareka and other pocta’’ * © © 5 nbarnba * ascended thethrone AD 1115, aml the play must have been writes between that16 whom the ‘prnce of poets’ complacently cooidimates himeelf, date and A D 1195, the termmation of hus reign” Ibid, Vol II, pp 259 and 260 Again the Professor speaks of ‘Dhavaka, who, we Know, was contemporary with Raja Harsha Deva hing of Cishmir, the Kavya pra- kas a declaring lum to be the real author of the works heating the nate of that prmee’? Ibid, Vol Il, p 346 But the Adoya prakas a, however 1t1s with its seholiasts, declares no such thing It neither states that Dhavaka’s patron was a king, nor does it allege that, whoever he was he was of Cashmere The words of Mammata Bhatta, agreeably to the common reading are simply these ane. wralal * WaAL = évya pradasa, p 2, Calcutta edition ‘ Wealth accrued to Dhavaka, among others, at the hands of S’harsha and the hhe’* ‘Lhe Ratnavalt, by the bye, 1g named at p 112 of the work m question Of Mammata’s interpreters, Vadyanatha, son of Ramachtndra, says, im the Prbhé Wea WH aren Tarsetrifeat wal wTATE ates wa aw Ula ofFER | «Tt ts notorious that the poet Dhavaka obtained great riches for composing the Retdval{ diama iy the nameofhingS stharsha? And so Mahamahopadhyaya Jayarama Nyayapanchanana Bhattacharya im the Kéwya prekés'a blake rea afer Gaal carat are afar fame Weearar VTS as VA Tal FUMETAL Negeso Bhatta, m the Kéeys pradipa, followsim the same track, barring that he does not call Sriharshan king Waa ata @ fe Weta Carat aa eS Wa weaatfata afafe Several other commentators on the Kavya prakds’a wnite to the same effect Butit may be suspected that Hindu authors by far too frequently use the formulas of * old story? and * matter of notonety,? while simply repeating what they have read, and after no particular pains to test the credibility of what they accept for facts That they accord ther eredence with xeprehensible facility, and that, i citmg authorities, they are reckless to a degree, any one who has sttempted to verify the texts from the ancient legislators, which tad their law books so liberally, may soon satisfy himself The compilers of Sanshrit autholosies 1re, fram the nature of the case, a elvss apart and deserving im comprnson, of especial confidence, eareless as even they are To retum , as against the expositors whose judgments lave just been brought forward, S‘inkantha, m the Adcya prakas a nidars’ana, dedicated to Royanskha A’eon taka, some un- Known princeling, gives, as Mammata’a word, Buna, not Dhavaka, an aubjoins no remarks My MS of Sitikantha’se work was transcribed an AD 1663