Cell is the basic unit of life.

Thousand of chemical reaction occurs there and these chemical reactions form the metabolism
of the cell.
Cell is a chemical factory as many raw and organic material come inside cell such as sugar and
these raw and organic materials are used to make molecules.
Red blood cell are made inside of bone, in bone marrow, the organic molecule and iron join
together to make a red pigment called hemoglobin, these are now packaged and discharges all
over the body and thus the whole body gets oxygen and the bone or its marrow dont itself use
these hemoglobin or red blood cell.
Protoplasm is the mass of living cell
Proto mean first and plasm mean form and its a Greek word.
Protoplasm is jelly like substance and all of the chemical activities are done here, which ensure
the life of cell. 70% to 90% of protoplasm is made up of water and the rest is made up of mineral
salts and organic compounds such as fats, proteins and carbohydrates. Its composition varies
from plant to plant and from animal to animal.
The protoplasm which form one part of our body can be different from another part of the body
like the protoplasm of brain cell can be different from protoplasm in muscle cell.
Protoplasm has 2 form one sol mean liquid state and gel mean jelly like structure.
The protoplasm in sol or gel state depend on a cell physiological structure or construction
No one has made a exact mixture called protoplasm as its nature is unknown and no one has
been able to invent the environment in which life can begin.
Protoplasm consists in 3 parts, nucleus, and cytoplasm and cell surface membrane.
Nucleus
Nucleus contain of nucleoplasm which is a thick spherical mass of protoplasm, its fixed with in
cytoplasm and control normal activities of the cell.
Nuclear envelope surrounds the nucleus.
Chromatin:- its a thread like structure, contain hereditary material, control activities of cell and
when the cell division is happening the chromatin condense and become a coiled like structure
called chromosomes.
Nucleoli or nucleolus:- it has a spherical shape and it help in building up protein.
Nuclear envelope:- it separates nucleus from other organelle present in cytoplasm.
Nucleus functions are that it is responsible for cell reproduction, it also repair the worn out part
off cell and helps in continuation of life of cell.
Red blood cell have short span of time and arent able to reproduce.
Cytoplasm is a part of protoplasm that surrounds the nucleus.
It have larger part in cell and most of the processes occur here, it contain
many organelles like:-
Mitochondria is the power house of cell as it realse energy from food substances during cell
respiration. Its rod shaped. the energy that is realesed may store in adenosine triphospate (atp),
these atps are like battries in cell. They can be transported from one part to another and can be
 broken down to realse enegy when needed. They help in reproduction of the cell and in growth
also.
Chloroplast:- it gives plant its green color and helps in photosynthesis. With the help of sunlight
it makes food such as sugar.
Vacuole:-is a fluid filled space surrounded by a membrane. There are two types of cell, animal
cell and plant cell.
Animal cell: it has small temporary vacuoles, they are temporary and vacuoles are mostly filled
up with water and food.
Plant cell have a large central vacuole, its permanent, it contain cell sap which is the dissolve of
substances like mineral salts, sugar and amino acid. And vacuole is surrounded by a membrane
called tonoplast.
Cetrioles are tiny structure that helps in cell division.
Cell surface membrane:- its enclose cytoplasm, cell membrane is also known as plasma
membrane. Its a partially permeable membrane. It controls the substance entrance and exit of
the cell. Similar membrane surround the vacuole. Cell wall encloses the whole plant cell, it
saves plant from any injury and protect it, its a permeable membrane, mineral salts can pass
through diffusion, water can pass through osmosis, its tough and flexible, it give structural
support to plant cell and it give plant cell its shape.
Growth in cell need cell division. New cell produce and develop into tissues, this process is
called differentiation.
Root hair cell :- its long and narrow, it increase the surface area to volume ratio of cell for
absorption of water and mineral salts from the soil.
Red blood cell:- it contain a red pigment called hemoglobin. This helps them to transport oxygen
from lungs to all part of the body. It also help in surface area to volume ratio so oxygen can
diffuse in & out. Red blood cell is circular and biconcave.
Xylem vessel:- it transport mineral salts and water from root to stem and leaves. The cross walls
and protoplasm is not there so water is able to move easily through lumen xylem vessel also
provide mechanical support to plant.
Multi cellular organism= many cell organism
Human body made up of 60,000 billion cell with every different cell.
Group of same cell create a tissue like muscle tissue.
This is a sheet of cell which cover both internal and external area of an organism
Plants have covering tissues called epidermis of leave and stem.
Muscle tissue are collection of muscle as they bring contraction and relaxation movement to our
body.
Tissues function is to connect organs together or different part of organ together these kindaa
tisuues are called complex tissue.
Organ is a group of tissue working together allowing organs to perform its fuctions
Several organ working together is called organ system like digestive system etc.
Many system working together is called organism.