Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
absolute value The distance of a valor absoluto Distancia a la que est |5| =5
| -5 | =5
number from zero on a number line; un nmero de 0 en una recta numrica.
shown by . El smbolo del valor absoluto es .
Glossary/Glosario
acute angle An angle that measures ngulo agudo ngulo que mide ms
greater than 0 and less than 90. de 0 y menos de 90.
addend A number added to one or sumando Nmero que se suma a uno o In the expression 4 + 6 + 7,
more other numbers to form a sum. ms nmeros para formar una suma. the numbers 4, 6, and 7 are addends.
G2 Glossary/Glosario
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
algebraic inequality An inequality desigualdad algebraica Desigualdad x + 3 > 10
that contains at least one variable. que contiene al menos una variable. 5a > b + 3
Glossary/Glosario
of angles on the inner sides of two ngulos en los lados internos de dos lneas r s
lines cut by a transversal that are on intersecadas por una transversal, que
opposite sides of the transversal. estn en lados opuestos de la transversal. t v
angle A figure formed by two rays ngulo Figura formada por dos rayos
with a common endpoint called the con un extremo comn llamado vrtice.
vertex.
arc A part of a circle named by its arco Parte de un crculo que se nombra R S
endpoints. por sus extremos.
arithmetic sequence A sequence sucesin aritmtica Una sucesin en The sequence 2, 5, 8, 11, 14
in which the terms change by the la que los trminos cambian la misma is an arithmetic sequence.
same amount each time. cantidad cada vez.
assets Items a person owns that have activos Cosas que posees y que tienen
monetary value. valor monetario.
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Glossary/Glosario G3
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
asymmetry Not identical on either asimetra Ocurre cuando dos lados
side of a central line; not symmetrical. separados por una lnea central no son
idnticos; falta de simetra.
axes The two perpendicular lines of a ejes Las dos rectas numricas
coordinate plane that intersect at the perpendiculares del plano cartesiano que y-axis
origin. se intersecan en el origen.
Glossary/Glosario
x-axis
B
bar graph A graph that uses vertical grfica de barras Grfica en la que se Sunlights Travel Time
or horizontal bars to display data. usan barras verticales u horizontales para to Planets
presentar datos.
5000 4800
4000
Time (s)
3000 2600
2000
1000 500 760
rth
rn
te
ar
tu
pi
M
Ea
Sa
Ju
Planet
base (in numeration) When a base (en numeracin) Cuando un 35 = 3 3 3 3 3; 3 is the base.
number is raised to a power, the number nmero es elevado a una potencia, el
that is used as a factor is the base. nmero que se usa como factor es la base.
Base of Base of
a cone a pyramid
G4 Glossary/Glosario
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
biased sample A sample that does muestra no representativa Muestra
not fairly represent the population. que no representa adecuadamente la
poblacin.
M
___
JK bisects LJM.
Glossary/Glosario
First quartile Third quartile
that shows how data are distributed rango Grfica que Minimum Median Maximum
by using the median, quartiles, least muestra los valores
value, and greatest value; also called a mximo y mnimo, los
box plot. cuartiles superior e 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
inferior, as como la
mediana de los datos.
budget A plan to help you reach your presupuesto Plan que te ayuda a
financial goals. obtener tus metas financieras.
C
capacity The amount a container can capacidad Cantidad que cabe en un A large milk container has a capacity
hold when filled. recipiente cuando se llena. of 1 gallon.
Celsius A metric scale for measuring Celsius Escala mtrica para medir la
temperature in which 0 C is the temperatura, en la que 0 C es el punto
freezing point of water and 100 C is de congelacin del agua y 100 C es el
the boiling point of water; also called punto de ebullicin. Tambin se llama
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centigrade. centgrado.
center (of a circle) The point inside centro (de un crculo) Punto interior
a circle that is the same distance from de un crculo que se encuentra a la
all the points on the circle. misma distancia de todos los puntos de la
A
circunferencia.
center (of rotation) The point centro (de una rotacin) Punto 90
about which a figure is rotated. alrededor del cual se hace girar una
figura.
90 90
Center
90
Glossary/Glosario G5
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
central angle of a circle An angle ngulo central de un
with its vertex at the center of a circle. crculo ngulo cuyo vrtice se
encuentra en el centro de un crculo.
circle The set of all points in a plane crculo Conjunto de todos los puntos
that are the same distance from a en un plano que se encuentran a la
given point called the center. misma distancia de un punto dado
llamado centro.
circle graph A graph that uses grfica circular Grfica que usa Residents of Mesa, AZ
sectors of a circle to compare parts to secciones de un crculo para comparar 65+
Under
the whole and parts to other parts. partes con el todo y con otras partes. 4564 13%
18
27%
19%
11%
30% 1824
2544
Circumference
coefficient The number that is coeficiente Nmero que se multiplica 5 is the coefficient in 5b.
commission A fee paid to a person comisin Pago que recibe una persona
for making a sale. por realizar una venta.
commission rate The fee paid to a tasa de comisin Pago que recibe una A commission rate of 5% and a sale
person who makes a sale expressed as persona por hacer una venta, expresado of $10,000 results in a commission
a percent of the selling price. como un porcentaje del precio de venta. of $500.
G6 Glossary/Glosario
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
common difference In an diferencia comn En una sucesin In the arithmetic sequence 3, 5, 7, 9,
arithmetic sequence, the nonzero aritmtica, diferencia constante distinta 11, , the common difference is 2.
constant difference of any term and de cero entre cualquier trmino y el
the previous term. trmino anterior.
common factor A number that is a factor comn Nmero que es factor de 8 is a common factor of
factor of two or more numbers. dos o ms nmeros. 16 and 40.
common multiple A number that mltiplo comn Nmero que es 15 is a common multiple of
is a multiple of each of two or more mltiplo de dos o ms nmeros. 3 and 5.
numbers.
Glossary/Glosario
Commutative Property of Propiedad conmutativa de la 8 + 20 = 20 + 8
Addition The property that states suma Propiedad que establece que
that two or more numbers can be sumar dos o ms nmeros en cualquier
added in any order without changing orden no altera la suma.
the sum.
compatible numbers Numbers nmeros compatibles Nmeros que To estimate 7,957 + 5,009, use
that are close to the given numbers estn cerca de los nmeros dados y hacen the compatible numbers 8,000
that make estimation or mental ms fcil la estimacin o el clculo mental. and 5,000: 8,000 + 5,000 = 13,000.
calculation easier.
complement The set of all complemento La serie de resultados When rolling a number cube,
outcomes that are not the event. que no estn en el suceso. the complement of rolling a 3
is rolling a 1, 2, 4, 5, or 6.
37 53
A
composite number A number nmero compuesto Nmero mayor 4, 6, 8, and 9 are composite
greater than 1 that has more than two que 1 que tiene ms de dos factores que numbers.
whole-number factors. son nmeros cabales.
Glossary/Glosario G7
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
compound event An event made up suceso compuesto Suceso que Rolling a 3 on a number cube
of two or more simple events. consista de dos o ms sucesos simples. and spinning a 2 on a spinner is a
compound event.
A 3m C F 3m D
ABC DEF
constant A value that does not change. constante Valor que no cambia. 3, 0,
coordinate plane A plane formed by plano cartesiano Plano formado por y-axis
the intersection of a horizontal number la interseccin de una recta numrica
line called the x-axis and a vertical horizontal llamada eje x y otra vertical
number line called the y-axis. llamada eje y.
O
x-axis
G8 Glossary/Glosario
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
correlation The description of the correlacin Descripcin de la relacin
relationship between two data sets. entre dos conjuntos de datos.
Glossary/Glosario
corresponding angles ngulos correspondientes A B D
(of polygons) Angles in the same (en polgonos) ngulos que se E
relative position in polygons with an ubican en la misma posicin relativa
equal number of sides. en dos o ms polgonos. C F
A and D are corresponding
angles.
_2 = _4
cross product The product of producto cruzado El producto de 3 6
numbers on the diagonal when los nmeros multiplicados en diagonal For the proportion _32 = _64 , the cross
comparing two ratios. cuando se comparan dos razones. products are 2 6 = 12 and 3 4 = 12.
Glossary/Glosario G9
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
cumulative frequency The frecuencia acumulativa La frecuencia
frequency of all data values that are de todos los datos que son menores que
less than or equal to a given value. o iguales a un valor dado.
customary system of sistema usual de medidas El sistema inches, feet, miles, ounces, pounds,
measurement The measurement de medidas que se usa comnmente en tons, cups, quarts, gallons
system often used in the United States. Estados Unidos.
surface.
D
decagon A polygon with ten sides. decgono Polgono de 10 lados.
degree The unit of measure for grado Unidad de medida para ngulos y
angles or temperature. temperaturas.
3
_
denominator The bottom number denominador Nmero de abajo de 4 Denominator
of a fraction that tells how many equal una fraccin que indica en cuntas partes
parts are in the whole. iguales se divide el entero.
dependent events Events for sucesos dependientes Dos sucesos A bag contains 3 red marbles and 2
which the outcome of one event son dependientes si el resultado de uno blue marbles. Drawing a red marble
affects the probability of the second afecta la probabilidad del otro. and then drawing a blue marble
diameter A line segment that passes dimetro Segmento de recta que pasa
through the center of a circle and has por el centro de un crculo y tiene sus
endpoints on the circle, or the length extremos en la circunferencia, o bien la
of that segment. longitud de ese segmento.
difference The result when one diferencia El resultado de restar un In 16 - 5 = 11, 11 is the difference.
number is subtracted from another. nmero de otro.
G10 Glossary/Glosario
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
dimension The length, width, or dimensin Longitud, ancho o altura de
height of a figure. una figura.
-4
y = 2x
Glossary/Glosario
Distributive Property For all Propiedad distributiva Dado 5(20 + 1) = 5 20 + 5 1
real numbers, a, b, and c, a(b + c) = nmeros reales a, b, y c, a(b + c) =
ab + ac and a(b - c) = ab - ac. ab + ac y a(b - c) = ab - ac.
dividend The number to be divided dividendo Nmero que se divide en un In 8 4 = 2, 8 is the dividend.
in a division problem. problema de divisin.
divisor The number you are dividing divisor El nmero entre el que se divide In 8 4 = 2, 4 is the divisor.
by in a division problem. en un problema de divisin.
double-bar graph A bar graph that grfica de doble barra Grfica de Students at
Hill Middle School
compares two related sets of data. barras que compara dos conjuntos de
100
datos relacionados. 80
Number of
students
60
40
20
0
Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8
Boys Girls
double-line graph A line graph grfica de doble lnea Grfica Population Growth
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that shows how two related sets of lineal que muestra cmo cambian 50
Population (thousands)
40
data change over time. con el tiempo dos conjuntos de datos
30
relacionados.
20
10
0
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Year
Essex Oakville
E
edge The line segment along which arista Segmento de recta donde se
two faces of a polyhedron intersect. intersecan dos caras de un poliedro. Edge
Glossary/Glosario G11
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
endpoint A point at the end of a line extremo Un punto ubicado al final de A B
segment or ray. un segmento de recta o rayo.
equivalent. equivalentes.
estimate (v) To find an answer close estimar Hallar una solucin aproximada
to the exact answer by rounding or a la respuesta exacta mediante el
other methods. redondeo u otros mtodos.
evaluate To find the value of a evaluar Hallar el valor de una expresin Evaluate 2x + 7 for x = 3.
numerical or algebraic expression. numrica o algebraica. 2x + 7
2(3) + 7
6+7
13
even number An integer that is nmero par Nmero entero divisible 2, 4, 6 Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
divisible by two. entre 2.
event An outcome or set of suceso Un resultado o una serie de When rolling a number cube, the
outcomes of an experiment or resultados de un experimento o una event an odd number consists of
the outcomes 1, 3, and 5.
situation. situacin.
expanded form A number written forma desarrollada Nmero escrito 236,536 written in expanded form is
as the sum of the values of its digits. como suma de los valores de sus dgitos. 200,000 + 30,000 +
6,000 + 500 + 30 + 6.
experiment In probability, any experimento En probabilidad, Tossing a coin 10 times and noting
activity based on chance, such as cualquier actividad basada en la the number of heads
tossing a coin. posibilidad, como lanzar una moneda.
G12 Glossary/Glosario
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
experimental probability The probabilidad experimental Razn Kendra attempted 27 free throws
ratio of the number of times an event del nmero de veces que ocurre un and made 16 of them. Her
experimental probability
occurs to the total number of trials, or suceso al nmero total de pruebas o
of making a free throw is
times that the activity is performed. al nmero de veces que se realiza el
number made = ___
_________________ 16 0.59.
experimento. number attempted 27
exponent The number that indicates exponente Nmero que indica cuntas 23 = 2 2 2 = 8; 3 is the exponent.
how many times the base is used as a veces se usa la base como factor.
factor.
exponential form A number is in forma exponencial Se dice que 42 is the exponential form
for 4 4.
Glossary/Glosario
exponential form when it is written un nmero est en forma exponencial
with a base and an exponent. cuando se escribe con una base y un
exponente.
F
face A flat surface of a polyhedron. cara Superficie plana de un poliedro. Face
factor A number that is multiplied by factor Nmero que se multiplica por 7 is a factor of 21 since 7 3 = 21.
another number to get a product. otro para hallar un producto.
factorial The product of all whole factorial El producto de todos los 4 factorial = 4! = 4 3 2 1
numbers except zero that are less than nmeros cabales, excepto cero que son
or equal to a number. menores que o iguales a un nmero.
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Glossary/Glosario G13
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
first quartile The median of the primer cuartil La mediana de la mitad
lower half of a set of data; also called inferior de un conjunto de datos. Tambin
lower quartile. se llama cuartil inferior.
fixed expenses Expenses that occur gastos fijos Gastos que ocurren con
regularly and stay the same. regularidad y se mantienen igual.
formula A rule showing relationships frmula Regla que muestra relaciones A = lw is the formula for the area of
among quantities. entre cantidades. a rectangle.
fraction A number in the form _ba, fraccin Nmero escrito en la forma _ba ,
where b 0. donde b 0.
Glossary/Glosario
frequency The number of times the frecuencia Cantidad de veces que In the data set 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9, the data
value appears in the data set. aparece el valor en un conjunto de datos. value 6 has a frequency of 2.
frequency table A table that lists tabla de frecuencia Una tabla en la Data set: 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6
items together according to the que se organizan los datos de acuerdo Frequency table:
number of times, or frequency, that con el nmero de veces que aparece cada Data 1 2 3 4 5 6
the items occur. valor (o la frecuencia).
Frequency 2 2 1 1 3 4
Fundamental Counting Principle Principio fundamental de conteo Si There are 4 colors of shirts
If one event has m possible outcomes un suceso tiene m resultados posibles y and 3 colors of pants. There
are 4 3 = 12 possible outfits.
and a second event has n possible otro suceso tiene n resultados posibles
outcomes after the first event has despus de ocurrido el primer suceso,
occurred, then there are m n total entonces hay m n resultados posibles en
possible outcomes for the two events. total para los dos sucesos.
greatest common factor mximo comn divisor (MCD) El The GCF of 27 and 45 is 9.
(GCF) The largest common factor of mayor de los factores comunes
two or more given numbers. compartidos por dos o ms nmeros dados.
G14 Glossary/Glosario
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
gross pay An employee's pay before paga bruta Paga de un empleado antes
any deductions are taken. de sustraer cualquier deduccin.
H
height In a pyramid or cone, the altura En una pirmide o cono, la
perpendicular distance from the base distancia perpendicular desde la base al
h
to the opposite vertex. vrtice opuesto.
Glossary/Glosario
In a triangle or quadrilateral, the En un tringulo o cuadriltero, la distancia
perpendicular distance from the base perpendicular desde la base de la figura al h
to the opposite vertex or side. vrtice o lado opuesto.
b
histogram A bar graph that shows histograma Grfica de barras que Starting Salaries
the frequency of data within equal muestra la frecuencia de los datos en
intervals. intervalos iguales.
Frequency
40
30
20
10
0
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29 39 49 59
20 30 40 50
Salary range (thousand $)
I
Identity Property of One The Propiedad de identidad del uno 31=3
property that states that the product Propiedad que establece que el producto -9 1 = -9
of 1 and any number is that number. de 1 y cualquier nmero es ese nmero.
Glossary/Glosario G15
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
Identity Property of Zero The Propiedad de identidad del cero 5+0=5
property that states that the sum of Propiedad que establece que la suma de -4 + 0 = -4
zero and any number is that number. cero y cualquier nmero es ese nmero.
A C
A Image C
_5
improper fraction A fraction in fraccin impropia Fraccin en la que 5
which the numerator is greater than or el numerador es mayor que o igual al 7
_
4
equal to the denominator. denominador.
independent events Events for sucesos independientes Dos sucesos A bag contains 3 red marbles and 2
which the outcome of one event does son independientes si el resultado de uno blue marbles. Drawing
a red marble, replacing it,
not affect the probability of the other. no afecta la probabilidad del otro. and then drawing a blue
marble is an example of
independent events.
input The value substituted into an valor de entrada Valor que se usa para For the function y = 6x, the
integers The set of whole numbers enteros Conjunto de todos los nmeros . . . -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, . . .
and their opposites. cabales y sus opuestos.
G16 Glossary/Glosario
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
interquartile range The difference rango entre cuartiles La diferencia Lower half Upper half
between the upper and lower quartiles entre los cuartiles superior e inferior en 18, 23, 28, 29, 36, 42
in a box-and-whisker plot. una grfica de mediana y rango.
Lower Upper
quartile quartile
Interquartile range: 36 - 23 = 13
intersecting lines Lines that cross lneas secantes Lneas que se cruzan
at exactly one point. en un solo punto.
interval The space between marked intervalo El espacio entre los valores
Glossary/Glosario
values on a number line or the scale of marcados en una recta numrica o en la
a graph. escala de una grfica.
inverse operations Operations operaciones inversas Operaciones Addition and subtraction are inverse
that undo each other: addition and que se cancelan mutuamente: suma y operations:
5 + 3 = 8; 8 - 3 = 5
subtraction, or multiplication and resta, o multiplicacin y divisin.
Multiplication and division are
division. inverse operations:
2 3 = 6; 6 3 = 2
that cannot be expressed as a ratio of puede expresarse como una razn de dos
two integers or as a repeating or enteros ni como un decimal peridico o
terminating decimal. finito.
L
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lateral area The sum of the areas of rea lateral Suma de las reas de las
the lateral faces of a prism or pyramid, caras laterales de un prisma o pirmide, o
or the area of the lateral surface of a rea de la superficie lateral de un cilindro 12 cm
cylinder or cone. o cono.
6 cm
8 cm
Lateral area = 12(8)(2) + 12(6)(2)
= 336 cm2
Glossary/Glosario G17
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
least common denominator mnimo comn denominador The LCD of _34 and 6_5 is 12.
(LCD) The least common multiple of (mcd) El mnimo comn mltiplo de dos
two or more denominators. o ms denominadores.
least common multiple (LCM) The mnimo comn mltiplo (mcm) El The LCM of 10 and 18 is 90.
least number, other than zero, that is a menor de los nmeros, distinto de cero,
multiple of two or more given numbers. que es mltiplo de dos o ms nmeros.
congruentes.
Leg
liability Money a person owes. pasivo Dinero que debe una persona.
like terms Terms with the trminos semejantes Trminos que In the expression 3a2 + 5b +
same variables raised to the same contienen las mismas variables elevada a 12a2, 3a2 and 12a2 are like terms.
exponents. las mismas exponentes.
line A straight path that has no lnea Trayectoria recta que no tiene
thickness and extends forever. ningn grueso y que se extiende por
siempre.
line graph A graph that uses line grfica lineal Grfica Marlons Video Game Scores
Score
800
line of best fit A straight line that lnea de mejor ajuste la lnea recta
comes closest to the points on a que ms se aproxima a los puntos de un 160
scatter plot. diagrama de dispersin. 120
80
40
0 40 80 120 160
line of reflection A line that a figure lnea de reflexin Lnea sobre la cual
G18 Glossary/Glosario
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
line segment A part of a line segmento de recta Parte de una lnea
A B
made of two endpoints and all points con dos extremos.
between them.
line symmetry A figure has line simetra axial Una figura tiene simetra
symmetry if one-half is a mirror-image axial si una de sus mitades es la imagen
of the other half. reflejada de la otra.
Glossary/Glosario
linear function A function whose funcin lineal Funcin cuya grfica es y=x-1
y
graph is a straight line. una lnea recta. 4
2
x
-4 -2 O 2 4
-4
lower quartile The median of the cuartil inferior La mediana de la mitad Lower half Upper half
lower half of a set of data. inferior de un conjunto de datos. 18, 23, 28, 29, 36, 42
Lower quartile
M
mean The sum of the items in a set of media La suma de todos loselementos Data set: 4, 6, 7, 8, 10
data divided by the number of items in de un conjunto de datos dividida entre Mean:
+ 6 + 7 + 8 + 10 __
4______________
the set; also called average. el nmero de elementos del conjunto. 5
= 35
5
=7
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median The middle number, or the mediana El nmero intermedio, o la Data set: 4, 6, 7, 8, 10
mean (average) of the two middle media (el promedio), de los dos nmeros Median: 7
numbers, in an ordered set of data. intermedios en un conjunto ordenado de
datos.
Glossary/Glosario G19
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
metric system of measurement sistema mtrico de medicin centimeters, meters, kilometers,
A decimal system of weights and Sistema decimal de pesos y medidas grams, kilograms, milliliters, liters
measures that is used universally in empleado universalmente en las ciencias
science and commonly worldwide. y comnmente en todo el mundo.
midpoint The point that divides a punto medio El punto que divide un A B C
line segment into two congruent line segmento de recta en dos segmentos de ___
B is the midpoint of AC.
segments. recta congruentes.
mixed number A number made up nmero mixto Nmero compuesto por 5_18
of a whole number that is not zero and un nmero cabal distinto de cero y una
a fraction. fraccin.
Glossary/Glosario
mode The number or numbers that moda Nmero o nmeros ms Data set: 3, 5, 8, 8, 10
occur most frequently in a set of data; frecuentes en un conjunto de datos; si Mode: 8
when all numbers occur with the same todos los nmeros aparecen con la misma
frequency, we say there is no mode. frecuencia, no hay moda.
multiple The product of any number mltiplo El producto de un nmero y 30, 40, and 90 are all multiples of 10.
and any nonzero whole number is a cualquier nmero cabal distinto de cero
multiple of that number. es un mltiplo de ese nmero.
1
Multiplication Property of Propiedad de igualdad de la _
3
x=7
Equality The property that states multiplicacin Propiedad que 1
(3)( 3x) = (3)(7)
_
that if you multiply both sides of an establece que puedes multiplicar ambos x = 21
equation by the same number, the lados de una ecuacin por el mismo
new equation will have the same nmero y la nueva ecuacin tendr la
solution. misma solucin.
N
negative correlation Two data correlacin negativa Dos conjuntos y
sets have a negative correlation, or de datos tienen correlacin, o relacin,
relationship, if one set of data values negativa, si los valores de un conjunto
increases while the other decreases. aumentan a medida que los valores del
otro conjunto disminuyen. x
-2 is a negative integer.
G20 Glossary/Glosario
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
net An arrangement of two- plantilla Arreglo de figuras
dimensional figures that can be folded bidimensionales que se
to form a polyhedron. doblan para formar un
poliedro. 10 m 10 m
6m
6m
net pay The amount that remains paga neta Cantidad restante despus
after all deductions are taken from the de restar todas las deducciones de la
Glossary/Glosario
gross pay. paga bruta.
no correlation Two data sets sin correlacin Caso en que los valores y
have no correlation when there is no de dos conjuntos de datos no muestran
relationship between their data values. ninguna relacin.
4 Numerator
numerator The top number of a numerador El nmero de arriba de __
5
fraction that tells how many parts of a una fraccin; indica cuntas partes de un
whole are being considered. entero se consideran.
O
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Glossary/Glosario G21
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
odd number An integer that is not nmero impar Entero que no es
divisible by two. divisible entre 2.
opposites Two numbers that are an opuestos Dos nmeros que estn 5 and -5 are opposites.
equal distance from zero on a number a la misma distancia de cero en 5 units 5 units
origin The point where the x-axis origen Punto de interseccin entre el y
and y-axis intersect on the coordinate eje x y el eje y en un plano cartesiano:
plane; (0, 0). (0, 0).
origin
x
O
outcome A possible result of a resultado Posible resultado de un When rolling a number cube, the
probability experiment. experimento de probabilidad. possible outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
outlier A value much greater or valor extremo Un valor mucho mayor Most of data Mean Outlier
much less than the others in a data set. o menor que los dems de un conjunto
de datos.
output The value that results from valor de salida Valor que resulta For the function y = 6x, the input 4
the substitution of a given input into despus de sustituir un valor de entrada produces an output
of 24.
an expression or function. determinado en una expresin o funcin.
overestimate An estimate that is estimacin alta Estimacin mayor que 100 is an overestimate for the sum
greater than the exact answer. la respuesta exacta. 23 + 24 + 21 + 22.
G22 Glossary/Glosario
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
P
parallel lines Lines in a plane that lneas paralelas Lneas que se r
do not intersect. encuentran en el mismo plano pero que
nunca se intersecan. s
Glossary/Glosario
pentagon A five-sided polygon. pentgono Polgono de cinco lados.
45
percent A ratio comparing a number porcentaje Razn que compara un 45% = ___
100
to 100. nmero con el nmero 100.
perfect square A square of a whole cuadrado perfecto El cuadrado de un 52 = 25, so 25 is a perfect square.
number. nmero cabal.
perimeter
perimeter = = 48 ft
18 + 6 + 18 + 6 = 48 ft
permutation An arrangement permutacin Arreglo de objetos o For objects A, B, and C, there are 6
of items or events in which order is sucesos en el que el orden es importante. different permutations, ABC, ACB,
BAC, BCA, CAB, and CBA.
important.
Glossary/Glosario G23
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
perpendicular lines Lines that lneas perpendiculares Lneas que al n
intersect to form right angles. intersecarse forman ngulos rectos.
m
plane A flat surface that has no plano Superficie plana que no tiene
A C
Glossary/Glosario
plane ABC
point An exact location that has no punto Ubicacin exacta que no tiene P
size. ninqn tamao. point P
population The entire group of poblacin Grupo completo de objetos In a survey about the study habits
objects or individuals considered for a o individuos que se desea estudiar. of middle school students, the
population is all middle school
survey. students.
power A number produced by potencia Nmero que resulta al elevar 23 = 8, so 2 to the 3rd power is 8.
raising a base to an exponent. una base a un exponente.
precision The level of detail of a precisin Detalle de una medicin, A ruler marked in millimeters has a
measurement, determined by the unit determinado por la unidad de medida. greater level of precision than a ruler
marked in centimeters.
of measure.
G24 Glossary/Glosario
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
preimage The original figure in a imagen original Figura original en B
transformation. una transformacin. B
A
C
A
Preimage C
Glossary/Glosario
prime number A whole number nmero primo Nmero cabal mayor 5 is prime because its only factors
greater than 1 that has exactly two que 1 que slo es divisible entre 1 y l are 5 and 1.
factors, itself and 1. mismo.
prism A polyhedron that has two prisma Poliedro con dos bases
congruent polygon-shaped bases and congruentes con forma de polgono y
other faces that are all parallelograms. caras con forma de paralelogramo.
probability A number from 0 to 1 probabilidad Un nmero entre 0 y A bag contains 3 red marbles and
(or 0% to 100%) that describes how 1 ( 0% y 100%) que describe qu tan 4 blue marbles. The probability of
randomly choosing a red marble is _37.
likely an event is to occur. probable es un suceso.
product The result when two or producto Resultado de multiplicar dos The product of 4 and 8 is 32.
more numbers are multiplied. o ms nmeros.
_3 , __
1 _
,7
proper fraction A fraction in fraccin propia Fraccin en la 4 12 8
which the numerator is less than the que el numerador es menor que el
denominator. denominador.
_2 = _4
proportion An equation that states proporcin Ecuacin que establece 3 6
that two ratios are equivalent. que dos razones son equivalentes.
Glossary/Glosario G25
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
Pythagorean Theorem In a right Teorema de Pitgoras En un 13 cm
triangle, the square of the length of tringulo rectngulo, la suma de los 5 cm
the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of cuadrados de los catetos es igual al
the squares of the lengths of the legs. cuadrado de la hipotenusa. 12 cm
52 + 122 = 132
25 + 144 = 169
Q
Glossary/Glosario
quadratic function A function of funcin cuadrtica Funcin del tipo y = 2x2 - 12x + 10,
the form y = ax 2 + bx + c, where y = ax + bx + c, donde a 0.
2 y = 3x 2
a 0.
quartile Three values, one of which cuartiles Cada uno de tres valores, uno
is the median, that divide a data set de los cuales es la mediana, que dividen
into fourths. See also first quartile, third en cuartos un conjunto de datos. Ver
quartile. tambin primer cuartil, tercer cuartil.
quotient The result when one cociente Resultado de dividir un In 8 4 = 2, 2 is the quotient.
number is divided by another. nmero entre otro.
R
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_ _ ___
radical sign The symbol 5 used to smbolo de radical El smbolo con
36 = 6
represent the nonnegative square root que se representa la raz cuadrada no
of a number. negativa de un nmero.
radius A line segment with one radio Segmento de recta con un Radius
endpoint at the center of a circle and extremo en el centro de un crculo y
the other endpoint on the circle, or the el otro en la circunferencia; o bien la
length of that segment. longitud de ese segmento.
random sample A sample in which muestra aleatoria Muestra en la que Mr. Henson chose a random sample
each individual or object in the entire cada individuo u objeto de la poblacin of the class by writing each students
population has an equal chance of tiene la misma oportunidad de ser name on a slip of paper, mixing
up the slips, and drawing five slips
being selected. elegido.
without looking.
G26 Glossary/Glosario
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
range (in statistics) The difference rango (en estadstica) Diferencia Data set: 3, 5, 7, 7, 12
between the greatest and least values entre los valores mximo y mnimo de un Range: 12 - 3 = 9
in a data set. conjunto de datos.
rate A ratio that compares two tasa Una razn que compara dos The speed limit is 55 miles per hour,
quantities measured in different units. cantidades medidas en diferentes or 55 mi/h.
unidades.
rate of change A ratio that tasa de cambio Razn que compara The cost of mailing a letter increased
compares the amount of change in a la cantidad de cambio de la variable from 22 cents in 1985 to 25 cents in
dependent variable to the amount of dependiente con la cantidad de combio 1988. During this period, the rate of
change was
Glossary/Glosario
change in an independent variable. de la variable independiente.
change in cost 25 - 22
__________
change in year
= _________
1988 - 1985
= _33
ratio A comparison of two quantities razn Comparacin de dos cantidades 12 to 25, 12:25, __
12
25
by division. mediante una divisin.
rational number Any number that nmero racional Nmero que se 6 can be expressed as _61 .
can be expressed as a ratio of two puede escribir como una razn de dos 0.5 can be expressed as _12.
integers. enteros.
ray A part of a line that starts at one rayo Parte de una recta que
D
endpoint and extends forever in one comienza en un extremo y se extiende
direction. infinitamente en una direccin.
reciprocal One of two numbers recproco Uno de dos nmeros cuyo The reciprocal of _23 is _32.
whose product is 1; also called producto es igual a 1. Tambin se llama
multiplicative inverse. inverso multiplicativo.
Glossary/Glosario G27
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
regular pyramid A pyramid whose pirmide regular Pirmide que tiene
base is a regular polygon and whose un polgono regular como base y caras
lateral faces are all congruent. laterales congruentes.
relatively prime Two numbers primo relatvo Dos nmeros son 8 and 15 are relatively prime.
are relatively prime if their greatest primos relativos si su mximo comn
common factor (GCF) is 1. divisor (MCD) es 1.
___
repeating decimal A decimal decimal peridico Decimal en 0.757575 = 0.75
in which one or more digits repeat el que uno o ms dgitos se repiten
infinitely. infinitamente.
rise The vertical change when the distancia vertical El cambio vertical For the points (3, -1) and
slope of a line is expressed as the cuando la pendiente de una lnea se (6, 5), the rise is 5 - (-1) = 6.
rise distancia vertical
ratio ___
run , or rise over run. expresa como la razn _____________
distancia horizontal
,
o distancia vertical sobre distancia
horizontal.
D E
90
rounding Replacing a number with redondear Sustituir un nmero por una 2,354 rounded to the nearest
an estimate of that number to a given estimacin de ese nmero hasta cierto thousand is 2,000, and 2,354
place value. valor posicional. rounded to the nearest 100 is 2,400.
G28 Glossary/Glosario
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
run The horizontal change when distancia horizontal El cambio For the points (3, -1) and (6, 5), the
the slope of a line is expressed as the horizontal cuando la pendiente run is 6 - 3 = 3.
rise
ratio ___
run , or rise over run. de una lnea se expresa como la
distancia vertical
razn _____________
distancia horizontal
, o distancia vertical
sobre distancia horizontal.
S
sales tax A percent of the cost of impuesto sobre la venta
Glossary/Glosario
an item that is charged by Porcentaje del costo de un artculo que
governments to raise money. los gobiernos cobran para recaudar
fondos.
sample A part of the population. muestra Una parte de la poblacin. In a survey about the study habits
of middle school students, a sample
is a survey of 100 randomly chosen
students.
sample space All possible outcomes espacio muestral Conjunto de When rolling a number cube, the
of an experiment. todos los resultados posibles de un sample space is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
experimento.
scale The ratio between two sets of escala La razn entre dos conjuntos de 1 cm:5 mi
measurements. medidas.
scale factor The ratio used to factor de escala Razn que se usa para y
A'(4, 6)
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A (2, 3)
B'(0, 2)
B (0, 1) x
O C (3, 0) C'(6, 0)
Scale factor: 2
Glossary/Glosario G29
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
scatter plot A graph with points diagrama de dispersin Grfica y
plotted to show a possible relationship de puntos que se usa para mostrar una 8
between two sets of data. posible relacin entre dos conjuntos de 6
datos.
4
2
x
0 2 4 6 8
scientific notation A method notacin cientfica Mtodo que se usa 12,560,000,000,000 = 1.256 1013
of writing very large or very small para escribir nmeros muy grandes o muy
Glossary/Glosario
sector A region enclosed by two radii sector Regin encerrada por dos radios A
and the arc joining their endpoints. y el arco que une sus extremos.
C
sector (data) A section of a sector (datos) Seccin de una grfica Residents of Mesa, AZ
circle graph representing part circular que representa una parte del
of the data set. conjunto de datos. 65+
Under
4564 13%
27% 18
19%
11%
30% 1824
2544
segment A part of a line between segmento Parte de una lnea entre dos
two endpoints. extremos.
side A line bounding a geometric lado Lnea que delimita las figuras A B
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figure; one of the faces forming the geomtricas; una de las caras que forman Side E
outside of an object. la parte exterior de un objeto.
A 3m C F 3m D
ABC DEF
G30 Glossary/Glosario
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
significant digits The digits used dgitos significativos Dgitos usados 0.048 has 2 significant digits.
to express the precision of a para expresar la precisin de una medida. 5.003 has 4 significant digits.
measurement.
similar Figures with the same shape semejantes Figuras que tienen la
but not necessarily the same size are misma forma, pero no necesariamente el
similar. mismo tamao.
simple event An event consisting of suceso simple Suceso que tiene slo In the experiment of rolling a
only one outcome. un resultado. number cube, the event consisting
Glossary/Glosario
of the outcome 3 is a simple event.
simple interest A fixed percent of the inters simple Un porcentaje fijo del $100 is put into an account with a
principal. It is found using the formula capital. Se calcula con la frmula I = Cit, simple interest rate of 5%. After 2
I = Prt, where P represents the principal, donde C representa el capital, i, la tasa de years, the account will have earned
I = 100 0.05 2 = $10.
r the rate of interest, and t the time. inters y t, el tiempo.
8
simplest form A fraction is in mnima expresin Una fraccin Fraction: __
12
simplest form when the numerator est en su mnima expresin cuando el Simplest form: _23
and denominator have no common numerador y el denominador no tienen
factors other than 1. ms factor comn que 1.
skew lines Lines that lie in different lneas oblicuas Lneas que se A B
planes that are neither parallel nor encuentran en planos distintos, por eso
E F
intersecting. no se intersecan ni son paralelas.
C D
G
H
___ ___
AB and CG are skew lines.
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Glossary/Glosario G31
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
slope A measure of the steepness of pendiente Medida de la inclinacin y
4
a line on a graph; the rise divided by de una lnea en una grfica. Razn de la
the run. distancia vertical a la distancia horizontal. 2
(-2, -1) (2, 2)
x
-4 O 2 4
-2
-4
rise _3
Slope = ___
run = 4
Glossary/Glosario
Square pyramid
solution set The set of values that conjunto solucin Conjunto Inequality: x + 3 5
make a statement true. de valores que hacen verdadero Solution set: x 2
un enunciado.
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
square (numeration) A number cuadrado (en numeracin) In 52, the number 5 is squared.
raised to the second power. Nmero elevado a la segunda potencia.
G32 Glossary/Glosario
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
_
square root A number that is raz cuadrada El nmero que se 16 = 4 because
standard form (in numeration) forma estndar (en numeracin) Five thousand, two hundred
A way to write numbers by using Una manera de escribir nmeros por ten in standard form is 5,210.
digits. medio de dgitos.
stem-and-leaf plot A graph used to diagrama de tallo y hojas Grfica Stem Leaves
organize and display data so that the que muestra y ordena los datos, y que 3 234479
Glossary/Glosario
frequencies can be compared. sirve para comparar las frecuencias. 4 0157778
5 1223
Key: 3 2 means 3.2
sum The result when two or more suma Resultado de sumar dos o ms The sum of 6 + 7 + 1 is 14.
numbers are added. nmeros.
surface area The sum of the areas rea total Suma de las reas de
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6 cm
8 cm
T
taxable income The total ingreso sujeto a impuestos Cantidad
amount of income minus qualifying total de ingresos, menos las deducciones
deductions. aplicables.
Glossary/Glosario G33
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
term (in an expression) The parts trmino (en una expresin) Las 3x 2
+ 6x - 8
of an expression that are added or partes de una expresin que se suman o
subtracted. se restan. Term Term Term
term (in a sequence) An element trmino (en una sucesin) 5 is the third term in the sequence 1,
or number in a sequence. Elemento o nmero de una sucesin. 3, 5, 7, 9,
plane figures that completely covers a planas que cubren totalmente un plano
plane with no gaps or overlaps. sin superponerse ni dejar huecos.
theoretical probability The ratio probabilidad terica Razn del When rolling a number cube,
of the number of ways an event can nmero de las maneras que puede ocurrir the theoretical probability of rolling
occur to the total number of equally un suceso al nmero total de resultados a 4 is _16.
likely outcomes. igualmente probables.
trial Each repetition or observation of prueba Una sola repeticin u When rolling a number cube, each
an experiment. observacin de un experimento. roll is one trial.
G34 Glossary/Glosario
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
triangle A three-sided polygon. tringulo Polgono de tres lados.
Glossary/Glosario
other faces are parallelograms. tienen forma de paralelogramo.
U
underestimate An estimate that is estimacin baja Estimacin menor
less than the exact answer. que la respuesta exacta.
60 min
_____ 1h
unit conversion factor A fraction factor de conversin de unidades 1h
or _____
60 min
used in unit conversion in which the Fraccin que se usa para la conversin
numerator and denominator represent de unidades, donde el numerador y el
the same amount but are in different denominador representan la misma
units. cantidad pero estn en unidades distintas.
unit price A unit rate used to precio unitario Tasa unitaria que sirve
compare prices. para comparar precios.
unit rate A rate in which the second tasa unitaria Una tasa en la que la 10 cm per minute
quantity in the comparison is one unit. segunda cantidad de la comparacin es
la unidad.
upper quartile The median of the cuartil superior La mediana de la Lower half Upper half
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upper half of a set of data. mitad superior de un conjunto de datos. 18, 23, 28, 29, 36, 42
Upper quartile
V
variable A symbol used to represent variable Smbolo que representa una In the expression 2x + 3,
a quantity that can change. cantidad que puede cambiar. x is the variable.
variable expense Expenses that gasto variable Gasto que ocurre con
occur regularly but may change regularidad y que es necesario para vivir,
because the consumer has some pero que puede cambiar debido a que el
control over the amount. consumidor tiene algn control sobre la
cantidad.
Glossary/Glosario G35
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
Venn diagram A diagram that is diagrama de Venn Diagrama que
used to show relationships between muestra las relaciones entre conjuntos. Transformations
sets.
Rotations
A B
A is the vertex of CAB.
X
x-axis The horizontal axis on a eje x El eje horizontal del plano
coordinate plane. cartesiano.
x-axis
G36 Glossary/Glosario
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
x-intercept The x-coordinate of the interseccin con el eje x y
4
point where the graph of a line crosses Coordenada x del punto donde la grfica
the x-axis. de una lnea cruza el eje x.
(2, 0) x
-4 O 4
-4
The x-intercept is 2.
Glossary/Glosario
y-axis The vertical axis on a eje y El eje vertical del plano cartesiano. y-axis
coordinate plane.
-2 O 2
-4
The y-intercept is 2.
Glossary/Glosario G37