The Decree also established the environmental impact assessment system, which

requires private establishments and government agencies to submit Environmental

Impact Statements (EIS) for every action, project, or undertaking planned by them,
which significantly affects the quality of the environment.

Presidential Decree No 1586 (1978) limited the coverage of the EIS requirement of
Presidential Decree No 1151 by specifying that only projects and areas which are
environmentally critical will automatically fall within its purview.

Three (3) types of environmentally critical projects:

(1) Heavy Industries
(a) non-ferrous metal industries
(b) iron and steel mills
(c) petroleum and petro-chemical industries, including oil and gas
(d) smelting plants

(2) Resource Extractive Industries

(a) major mining and quarry projects
(b) forestry products
(i) logging
(ii) major wood processing projects
(iii) introduction of fauna (exotic-animals) into public/private forests
(iv) forest occupancy
(v) extraction of mangrove products
(vi) grazing
(c) fishery projects
(i) dikes and fishpond development projects

(3) Infrastructure Projects

(a) major dams
(b) major power plants (fossil-fueled, nuclear-fueled, hydro-electric or
geothermal)
(c) major reclamation projects
(d) major roads and bridges

Environmentally critical areas include the following:

(1) all areas declared by law as national parks, watershed reserves and wildlife
preserves and sanctuaries;
(2) areas set aside as aesthetic potential tourist spots;
(3) areas which constitute the habitat for any endangered or threatened species of
indigenous Philippine wildlife (flora and fauna);
(4) areas of unique historical, archeological or scientific interests;
(5) areas which are traditionally occupied by cultural communities or tribes;
(6) areas frequently visited and/or hard-hit by natural calamities (geologic
hazards, floods, typhoons);
(7) areas with critical slopes;
(8) areas classified as prime agricultural lands;
(9) aquifers recharge areas;
(10) water bodies;
(11) mangrove areas;
(12) coral reefs.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENTS:

Pursuant to the above enunciated policies and goals, all agencies and instrumentalities of the national
government, including all government owned and controlled corporations as well as private corporations and
firms and entities shall prepare, file, and include in every action, project, or undertaking which significantly
affects the quality of the environment a detailed statement on:

a. the environmental impact of the proposed action, project, or undertaking;

b. any adverse environmental effect which cannot be avoided should the proposal be
implemented;
c. alternative to the proposed action;
d. a determination that the short-term uses of the resources of the environment are consistent
with the maintenance and enhancement of the long-term productivity of the same; and
e. whenever a proposal involves the use of depletable or nonrenewable resources, a finding
must be made that such use and commitment are warranted.

GOAL:
In pursuing this policy , it shall be the responsibility of the government, in cooperation
of concerned private organizations and entities, to use all practicable means,
consistent with other essential considerations of national policy, in promoting the
general welfare to the end that the nation may:

(a) recognize, discharge, and fulfill the responsibilities of each generation as

trustee and guardian of the environment for the succeeding
generations,
(b) assure the people of a safe, decent, helpful, productive, and aesthetic
environment,
(c) encourage the widest exploitation of the environment without degrading it,
or endangering human life, health, and safety or cr4eating conditions
adverse to agriculture, commerce, and industry,
(d) preserve important historic and cultural aspects of the Philippine heritage,
(e) attain a rational and orderly balance between population and resource use,
(f) improve the utilization of renewable and nonrenewable resources.

can refer to the steel works making rolled products from iron ore, but it also designs,
more precisely the plant where steel semi-finished casting products (blooms, ingots,
slabs, billets) are made, from molten pig iron or from scraps.

A smelting plant is an industrial location where metal is extracted for raw ore.
Common examples of metal smelting include tin, lead, copper, bronze, and iron. The
extraction of pure aluminum is also called smelting, although the process is
significantly different from that of the other ores.