FIDIC

* 19)

[ ]

. III. FIDIC
. FIDIC 1.

2. FIDIC
1. FIDIC
.
2. FIDIC

3.

FIDIC ( , Fdration Internationale des Ingnieurs

Conseils , International Federation of Consulting Engineers)
1913 ,
. FIDIC
94 , 1982 FIDIC
. FIDIC

, FIDIC
.1)
FIDIC (Employer)
(Contractor)
.
FIDIC Red Book,
Pink Book, Yellow Book, Gold Book, Silver Book, Green Book .
FIDIC

[: 2013. 7. 1. / : 2013. 7. 6. / : 2013. 7. 24.]

* 1: , : ,
1) FIDIC (http://fidic.org/about-fidic)
66 22 1

FIDIC ,
.
FIDIC
, .
FIDIC FIDIC
. ,

, FIDIC
. , FIDIC
ICE(Institute of Civil Engineer)
(Civil Law)
(Common Law) ,
FIDIC
.2)
FIDIC
. FIDIC
FIDIC
, FIDIC
.

. FIDIC

1. FIDIC

FIDIC 1999 ,
New FIDIC .3) New FIDIC .4)

2) .
(,
)
. ,

. Eugen Bucher, ,
, 32(1996), 123, 136 .
FIDIC ,
FIDIC
FIDIC
. .
 FIDIC 67

(i) Conditions of Contract for Construction for Building and Engineering Works
Designed by the Employer: The Construction Contract (the Red Book)
(ii) Conditions of Contract for Construction for Building and Engineering Works
Designed by the Employer (MDB Harmonised Edition)-for bank financed projects
only: The MDB Construction Contract (the Pink Book)
(iii) Conditions of Contract for Plant and Design-Build for Electrical and Mechanical
Plant and for Building and Engineering Works Designed by the Contractor: The
Plant and Design-Build Contract (the Yellow Book)
(iv) Conditions of Contract for EPC/Turnkey Projects: The EPC/Turnkey Contract (the
Silver Book)
(v) Short Form of Contract: The Short Form (the Green Book)
(vi) Dredgers Contract (based on the Short Form of Contract): Dredgers Contract

, 2008 FIDIC
Conditions of Contract for Plant and Design-Build-Operation(the Gold Book)
, Client/Consultant Model Services
Agreement(the White Book) . ,
FIDIC Sub-Consultancy Agreement (
)
FIDIC Joint Venture (Consortium) Agreement (JVA) . ,
White Book , JVA

.
.5)

3) 1999 (i) Conditions of Contract for Works of Civil Engineering Construction: The
Red Book (1987), (ii) Conditions of Contract for Electrical and Mechanical Works including
Erection on Site: The Yellow Book (1987), (iii) Conditions of Contract for Design-Build and
Turnkey: The Orange Book (1995) . FIDIC Old
Book , ,
1999 New FIDIC , Old FIDIC
. , New FIDIC (Turn-key)
Silver Book ,
Silver Book Old FIDIC Orange Book
Orange Book . Old
FIDIC New FIDIC , New FIDIC -
-, 2003-10 .
4) FIDIC (http://fidic.org/node/149) .
5) FIDIC .
68 22 1

(1) Green Book / Dredgers Contract

FIDIC
. Green Book 500,000
, 6 . ,
,
Green Book FIDIC
. , FIDIC
Green Book Dredgers Contract
. Green Book , Red Book
.

(2) Red Book / Pink Book

FIDIC ,
. ( )
,
, (i) ,
, , (ii)
,
, (iii) (Bill of quantities)
( ) (Lump-sum)
. Red Book
FIDIC . , Pink Book
2005 FIDIC (MDB: Multilateral Development Bank)6) MDB

Red Book (Particular
Condition) . ADB The World Bank
(Standard Bidding Document) .
Red Book
III. 2. ,
.7)
: Red Book

6) ,
. MDB
, .
7) , (2004), , New
FIDIC , 16-1149(2003. 4. 8.), 56
 FIDIC 69

(3.1
),
(3.5),

(3.2),
(3.3)
.
: , ,
, ,
. ,

, (i)
(ii)

(17.4).
( )
,
(19.7), 84
140
7 (19.6).
: ,
,

( 544) ,
.

28 ,

(15.5).
, (i) , 42
(Employers Financial Arrangement) , (ii)
56 , (iii)
42
, (iv) ,
(v) , (vi)
. (v)
70 22 1

, 14 (16.2).
: Red Book (DAB:
Dispute Adjudication Board) ,
, (
20.2). DAB , DAB
28 ,
(20.3).
DAB ,
DAB (20.2).

(3) Yellow Book

. ,

.

. Yellow Book FIDIC
. , Yellow Book
, / ,
. , (Lump-sum)
(Milestone) (
) .
Yellow Book , Old Yellow Book Old Orange Book
, 1995
(Design-Build) (turn-key) ,
Yellow Book
.
.8)
Yellow Book Red Book Silver Book Yellow Book
(Contractors Proposal) .

. Yellow Book Red Book
,

8) Old Yellow Book: Conditions of Contract for Electrical and Mechanical Works, 3rd Edition
Old Orange Book: Conditions of Contract for Design-Build and Turnkey, 1st Edition
 FIDIC 71

. Yellow Book Silver Book

.9)

(4) Silver Book

Silver Book ( ) BOT(Build-Operation-

Transfer) (PF: Project Financing)
FIDIC . PF
(Concessionaire)

, , ,

. EPC(Engineering, Procurement, Construction)/(turn-key)
, (i)
(ii)
, (iii)
.
Silver Book FIDIC
,
. Silver Book EPC/(turn-key)


. (Lump-sum) .10)
Yellow Book Silver Book ,
Yellow Book
, Silver Book
. ,
, (design criteria) (calculation)
.
, ,
Yellow Book Silver Book
, ,
,
.11)

9) , 6(Yellow Book Silver Book

)
10) , 7
72 22 1

Yellow Book Silver Book

.12)

< 1> Yellow Book Silver Book

Yellow Book Silver Book

Letter of Acceptance Signature of Contract Agreement
/ (the Engineer) ( )
(the Engineers Certificate) (the Employers judgment)

, Silver Book
,
, Silver Book
.13) Silver Book
, Silver Book
. ,
,

Yellow Book
. , EPC/Turnkey
, Silver Book
, (CI: Construction
Investor) , CI
.

(5) Gold Book

,
,
,
.
Gold Book ,
.

11) , 8
12) , 9
13) , EPC/Turnkey -FIDIC Siler Book ,
2004-8
 FIDIC 73

Gold Book Yellow Book

(Design, Build and Operate Contracts, DBO ) ,
. DBO DB
,14) ,
.15)

.
,
.16)
18.8( )
, 12.2
.17)

(6) Sub-Consultancy Agreement

FIDIC

,
Sub-Consultancy Agreement .

, /
. Sub-Consultancy Agreement
.18)

(i)
(ii)
(iii) ( , ,
, , )
(iv) ,
(
)

14) , FIDIC DBO , 46(2010. 5.),

32
15) , 35
16) , 39
17) , 46
18) , FIDIC (Sub-Consultancy Agreement) (2004),
7
74 22 1

(v)
(vi)

, .

,
49 .19)

2. FIDIC

FIDIC (General Conditions) (Particular Conditions)

, , ,

,
. , FIDIC
(



) ,
.20)

(1)

FIDIC 21), (i)

(ii)
(
) (iii)

(Silver Book Yellow Book
. ) .
,

19) , 51
20) , , , FIDIC (2005), 129 .
21) , FIDIC EPC/Turnkey (2003), 229
 FIDIC 75

< 2>

1.1.3.3 1.1.3.7

8.2 11.1
1.1.5.6 (Section) 1.3
1.4 2.1
4.2 4.4
8.7
12.4 / 13.8
14.15(d)
14.2 14.3(c)
17.6 18.1 ,
18.2(d) 18.3
20.2 20.3

,
.

< 3>

1.8 1.13
, ,
2.1 4.1

4.6 4.7 , ,
, ,
4.18 4.19

4.20 5.1 , ,
5.2 5.4
5.5 5.6
5.7 6.6
7.2 7.3
7.4 9.1
9.4 12.1
12.4
76 22 1

,
. (i) 4.12 :

, Silver Book Yellow
Book . (ii)
5.1 :

, Yellow Book

. (iii) 12.1 :

. ,
. Yellow Book
,
. (iv) 13.8 :

. Yellow Book ,
.
, , ,
.

.
.

(2)

FIDIC
.
, Red Book Yellow Book

. ,

.
Red Book Yellow Book
.
, Yellow Book 2.3
4.6 Co-Ordination
 FIDIC 77

. Yellow Book 2.2

, 17.3 17.4
.

,
FIDIC
. , FIDIC Red Book Yellow Book

, , 2.1 , 4.7
, 4.12 , 4.24 , 7.4
Testing , 8.4 , 11.2
, 13.7 , 17.4
, 19.4 9
.


.
, ,
,

.

3.

FIDIC
. , The World Bank
MDB FIDIC
. , MDB 3
Pink Book, Silver Book
. , ,
, , FIDIC
. , FIDIC
. ,
FIDIC , FIDIC
FIDIC
78 22 1

, FIDIC

. , PF
EPC/(turn-key) (

)
Silver Book 4.12
(Unforeseeable Difficulties) Yellow Book 4.12
(Unforeseeable Physical Condition)
.
,
,
. FIDIC
.

. FIDIC

1.

, ,
. , FIDIC

, FIDIC
. ,
,
FIDIC .
,
22)

,23)
.

22) 5 1 ,
23) ICC
(17 )
 FIDIC 79

FIDIC , .

(1)

FIDIC (Appendix)
( 1.4). FIDIC FIDIC
,
,
3 .24)
, ,
(Pacta sund Servanda)
. ,
. , FIDIC 1.13
,

.25)
FIDIC
. , 1950 75
,

,
,
.26)
,
, FIDIC
8.7 (Delay Damage) .

24) , , (2012), 532

25) 3( , )
ICC 3
, ,


.
, 1, (2007), 181, ,
- ,
2013 , 18
26) Robert Knutson, FIDIC-Analysis of the International Construction Contracts, KLUWER LAW,
p242, Wilfred Abraham Rishwant Singh .
Zul Rafique and Partners .
80 22 1

FIDIC
3 3
. ,

,
.
, EPC
,
,

. , FIDIC
,
FIDIC
3( )
.
, FIDIC
. , FIDIC
. ,
3 ()
FIDIC
.27) FIDIC 1.13
.
,
, , ICC FIDIC
,
,
. ,

. ,

.28)

27) , , 535
28) 1923 1958
.
 FIDIC 81

(2)

FIDIC , Appendix
. ,
. , FIDIC Red Book Yellow Book Appendix,
Silver Book

.
( ) 1.5
. ,
, ,
(
) .29) ,

,

(26 1 ). ,
1980 ()
1994 ( )
.

2. FIDIC

FIDIC
. FIDIC
Red Book , Yellow Book Silver Book

. , FIDIC
,
.

29)

. ,
1, (2007), 113 .
82 22 1

(1) FIDIC

FIDIC . ,
,

.
, FIDIC
. FIDIC
.
.

() (2.5: Employers Claim)

/
()
()
, .
()()
. ,
, .
. ,
3.5 (Determination) , 20
.
.
,
. ,
. ,


. FIDIC

,
If the Employer considers himself to be entitled to any payment
under any Clause of these Conditions or otherwise30) in connection with the Contract
, otherwise

30)
 FIDIC 83

.
,

, . , FIDIC 2.5
,

(Counter claim)
. otherwise 2.5
, otherwise
1987 FIDIC
31) .

.
. , FIDIC
2.5 20.1

.32)
FIDIC
. FIDIC 14.3 (Application for the
Interim Payment Certificates)
. ,
,
56
(14.7: (Payment)(b) ), , 14.8
14.7
,
14.7 (
, 14.7 56
). 2.5
.
FIDIC
,

31) otherwise 1987 Old Red Book 53.1 Procedure for Claims
. 1987 Old Yellow Book
. 1999 New Book .
32) Robert Knutson, , Introduction xxi
84 22 1

. ,

,
.

() (20.1: Contractors Claim)

FIDIC ,
20 ,
(any other additions or
deductions which may have become due under Contract or otherwise, including those
under Clause 20 [Claims, Disputes and Arbitration]) (14.5(f)).
20.1 (Contractors Claim)
, /
,
28
.

.
.
, 28
, 28
.
FIDIC 20.1
, 20.1
. ,
20.1 otherwise , otherwise
,
. .
69
6 ,


, FIDIC 20.1 (
,
) . ,
( )
 FIDIC 85

20.1 , 28
,
FIDIC 20.1
. ,
FIDIC 20.1 ,
. ,

,
20.1
. ,
, 1977
(Unfair Contract Terms Act, 1977)
,
FIDIC 20.1 ,
28
. 20.1
,

, 20.1
. ,

.33) ,
,

, 20.1
,

.
,
FIDIC ,
1 .
, FIDIC 20.1 42
,
3.5
. 20

33) Robert Knutson, , Introduction xxx

86 22 1

.
(DAB: Dispute Adjudication Board)
. , DAB DAB
(20.4). , FIDIC
DAB .
, DAB
,
,

DAB .34)
, DAB ,
,
DAB
,
.
, ?
,
,35)
DAB
. , FIDIC
DAB
, FIDIC DAB
.36) , FIDIC
, DAB
.

(2) (2.2: Permits, License or Approval)

, (i)
(ii)
(reasonable
assistance) .
.
, ,

34) Robert Knutson, , Introduction xxii

35) , , 520
36) Channel Tunnel Group v Balfour Beatty and others, 1993 61 BLR 1, House of Lords
 FIDIC 87

. ,


.
,


,
. Working Visa

. 1.1.6.5
, Working Visa
,

. ,
,
.
14.1
.

(3) (3: The Engineer)

FIDIC .
27 4 105 FIDIC
,
.37) , FIDIC
1
, .
FIDIC

37) . (i) , (ii) , (iii)

, (iv)
, (v) , (vi)
, (vii)
, , (viii) ,
, , (ix) ,
(x) , (xi) , (xii)
, (xiii) , (xiv)

88 22 1

.

.

27 1

FIDIC

.38)

(4)

FIDIC 14.14 (Cessation of Employers

liability) (i) (ii)

. , 14.12 (Discharge)


( ). 14.12
otherwise , 14.12
, 14.14
, ,
. , 20.1
28 .

(5) (4.2: Performance Security)/(8.7: Delay Damages)

FIDIC 4.2
. , (i)
, (ii)
42 , (iii)

38) , Silver Book 1 PF

. Silver Book 3.5
,
.
14 (
) .
 FIDIC 89

, 42 , (iv)
.
2.5
, , DAB
. , FIDIC 8.7
,

, 2.5
.

(6) (19: Force Majuere)

39)
. ,
, . ,
, ,
,
. ,
( ) 32()
(i) , (ii)
(iii)

.
, FIDIC 19.3 (Consequence of Force Majuere) ,
/
(i) 8.4( ) (ii)

. FIDIC
. , FIDIC
,
FIDIC 19.3 20.1
. ,

39) FIDIC
,
,
FIDIC
.
90 22 1

28 .
,
(turn-key)
, ,
, (
, )


.

20.1
28
. , 3

,

,
.
, 19.5

,

. ,
FIDIC
.

(7) (11: Defect Liability)

.
,
. ,
(i) , (ii)
(iii) . ,
667 . ,
,
.
. ,
 FIDIC 91

. ,
33
() (
) .
.
FIDIC 11.2 (Cost of Remedying Defects)
(i) , (ii)
, , (iii)
.

, FIDIC
. ,

. , FIDIC 11.4
(Failure to Remedy Defects)(c)


/
.

, ,
. FIDIC
,

.
, 11.3 (Extension of Defect notification Period)

,
, FIDIC ,

. , 2
, 2.5 .

FIDIC
92 22 1

. FIDIC
. , FIDIC

, FIDIC
,
FIDIC
. FIDIC
FIDIC
. FIDIC


FIDIC ,
FIDIC . ,
FIDIC 20.1
,
FIDIC
.

FIDIC , Red Book, Yellow Book, Silver Book, , ,

, , , FIDIC
 FIDIC 93

, EPC/Turnkey FIDIC Siler Book , 2004-8

, (2004)
, , (2012)
, 1, (2007)
, , , FIDIC (2005)
, New FIDIC , 16-1149(2003. 4. 8.)
, - ,
2013
, FIDIC DBO , 46(2010. 5.)
, FIDIC EPC/Turnkey (2003)
, FIDIC (Sub-Consultancy Agreement) (2004)

Channel Tunnel Group v Balfour Beatty and others, 1993 61 BLR 1, House of Lords
Robert Knutson, FIDIC Analysis of the International Construction Contracts, KLUWER LAW, p242
94 22 1

<Abstract>

Actual Use of the FIDIC and Matters of Consideration

Hyun-Sik ShinSu-Yong JungDae-Hyuk Choi

FIDIC (acronym for its French name Fdration Internationale des Ingnieurs
Conseils, and its English name is International Federation of Consulting Engineers)
produces various international standard forms of contract for construction projects based
on the apportionment of risks between an employer and a contractor and the party
which will bear the uncertain risks arising out of a construction project.
Due to the use increase of the FIDIC contract terms by domestic construction
companies, many studies on the terms of the FIDIC standard forms of contract already
exist. However, most of the studies consist of the differences in the individual standard
forms of contracts and matters to be considered with respect to the management of
construction projects or the apportionment of risks, and the number of studies analyzing
the legal issues of each of the clauses in the FIDIC contracts appears to be small.
The purpose of this article is to examine the matters to be considered when the
FIDIC standard forms of contracts are used by Korean construction companies. For such
purpose, we have first examined which terms and conditions of the various available
FIDIC standard forms of contract should be used based on the current status and use of
the FIDIC standard forms of contract by the domestic construction companies, and have
then examined the matters to be considered under each of the standard terms and
conditions of the FIDIC contracts such as claim, force majeure, defect liability, etc.
Moreover, we have sought to enhance the understanding of the FIDIC contracts by
performing an analysis on how the FIDIC terms and conditions may be interpreted
when such terms and conditions interact with the governing law and the law of the
place of arbitration and by conducting a comparison of the relevant clauses in the
construction contracts used in Korea and the FIDIC terms and conditions.
Although the FIDIC standard terms and conditions are not necessarily directly used in
international construction contracts, depending on the type of the construction project,
there are a number of cases where the parties would conduct negotiations on the terms
and conditions of a contract after selecting the appropriate FIDIC standard terms and
conditions, and then to use a modified version of the relevant contract. As such, even if
the FIDIC contracts are used, since the number of cases in which the standard terms
 FIDIC 95

and conditions are used in their as is and where is condition is small, the special
conditions must be thoroughly reviewed.
Further, as the governing law, the regulations of the country of construction and the
regulations of the expected place of arbitration all interact with each other, such laws
and regulations have an impact on the interpretation of the FIDIC contracts. Irrespective
of whether the laws of a third country have been selected as the governing law, there
may be cases in which the mandatory rules of the country of construction may be
applicable even if such cases do not constitute exceptions under which certain
provisions of the FIDIC are invalidated. Therefore, it would be desirable, if possible, to
confirm with a local legal professional as to whether there exist any mandatory rules
which may be in conflict with the FIDIC contracts in the country of construction even
in cases where the governing law has been selected through a familiar method, by using
the FIDIC standard terms and conditions.

KEY WORDS

FIDIC Standard Form of Contract, Red Book, Yellow Book, Silver Book, General Conditions,
Particular Conditions, Mandatory Rules for Construction Sites, Employers Claim, Contractors
Claim, Differences between FIDIC Terms and Conditions and Korean Laws
96 22 1

[]

FIDIC

1. Timing (Knowledge + Solution + Wisdom)

=>Professional Approach has now become critical to Koreas Global Construction
Businesses.
Among others, the management people of construction companies and financial
institutions in the businesses should be fully aware of their Fiduciary Duties provided in
Law.

2. 2
under US Umbrella v. in Jungle Construction
Markets
Recognition, Transfer, Distribution and Minimization
in the negotiation, signing, managing, performing, maitaining, operating Intl
Construction Contracts are the KEY and the critical word for the success of Koreas
global construction industry.

3. Understanding of FIDICs Basic Philosophy + EPC/Turnkey ( )

4. ( ! 3-5 ,
, , managemet attention !

5. Flexibility, Volatility and Dynamism of Contractual Rights, Obligations and

Entitlements of Contracting Parties before, during, and after construction performances need more
professional attention and care. More important than boiler plate FIDIC.

6. Local Language, Construction Practices, Customs, Local Politics & History

7. Enemy Territory + Korea, her companies, and her people are all manageable!
 FIDIC 97

8. Local Laws, Local Solutions, Local Court and Judicial Systems, Local Legal Infra
and structures(including . )

9. Global Norn & Standards

Illegality (, , etc.)
Anti-Corruption (: Bechtel)
Fair Trade and Competition(: , dumping, etc.)

10. Security Issues, Environmental Issues, Political Issues, Tribal Issues, etc.

11. Bond v. LG
Very serious issues!
Tax Money

Illegality and Fiduciary Duty

12. Dispute Prevention and Remedy

What kind of contractual documents?
Translation Costs?
Applicable Law?
Applicable Jurisdiction?
Available Remedies?
ISD?
Dificulties of execution?

13. / v. /
?
Project ?

14.
30,000 v. 300,000
Lack of Core-Technologies
Low-Productivity,
, ,
(: )
QS
cooperation
98 22 1

[]

FIDIC

()

1) ,
2) , 3) , 4)
.

FIDIC .

1.
.
.

2. FIDIC
. FIDIC
(1) (2.5 Employers Claim)
(2) (20.1 Contractors Claim)
. (2.2 Permits, License or Approval)
. (3: The Engineer)
.
. (4.2: Performance Security)/
(8.7: Delay Damages)
. (19: Force Majeure)

.
FIDIC JCT (Joint Contracts Tribunal), ICE
(Institution of Civil Engineers), NEC3 (New Engineering Contracts), AIA (American
Institute of Architects), SIA (Singapore Institute of Architects), PSSCOC (Public
Sector Standard Conditions of Contract for Construction Works), REDAS (Real Estate
 FIDIC 99

Development Association of Singapore)

ARAMCO .
FIDIC
(17)
FIDIC ,
.
FIDIC

. FIDIC .
FIDIC
.

1.
1) SOP Act (Security of Payment Act)
2) UAE Termination decision
3) Pay when paid
4)
5) Latent Defects Liability period (FIDIC )
6) Decennial Liability () Professional Indemnity Insurance

2. Unforeseeable physical condition unforeseeable

Sub-Clause 1.1.6.8 Unforeseeable means not reasonably foreseeable by an experienced
contractor by the date for submission of the Tender.
,
unforeseeable

3. Change in Law (Change in Law affecting Permanent Works)

FIDIC Change in Law
Permanent Work

4. Force Majeure (Natural Force Majeure / Political Force Majeure)

Force Majeure Force
Majeure Government Authority action/
inaction Political Force Majeure .
100 22 1

5. Limitation of Liability
FIDIC , , Gross
negligence and Willful misconduct
. Limitation of Liability
Limitation of Liability

6. Nominated Subcontract (NSC)

Nominated Subcontractor
NSC
3 NSC
NSC
NSC
.

7. Value Engineering
EPC/Turnkey 12
,
.
.
13.2 (c) /EPC 13.3
.
(Employers Representatives Determination)
Upon instructing or approving a Variation, the Employer shall proceed in
accordance with Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] to agree or determine adjustments to
the Contract Price and the Schedule of Payment. These adjustments shall include
reasonable profit, and shall take account of the Contractors submissions under
Sub-Clause 13.2 [Value Engineering] if applicable.

1.
Page 17 .
?

2. (Windfall)
Page 22 FIDIC 20.1 28

 FIDIC 101

(Windfall),
Unjust enrichment ?