Procedia

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Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

Environmental
Procedia Environmental
Procedia Sciences
Environmental 00 (2011)
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11 (2011) 631 636
Sciences
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Based on Fuzzy Weight Matter Element to Evaluate the

Water Quality of Jialing River in Nanchong, China

JIA Chun-ronga, ZHANG Junb

Land and Resources College China-west Normal University Nanchang, China
a
e-mail:pyozyl@126.com, be-mail:Zhang822@tom.com

Abstract

In order to assess index weighted value scientifically, the matter element were introduced into the fuzzy weighted
values to set up matter element model based on fuzzy weight. In this way, the model not only holds the merit of
classical matter element, but also overcomes its limitations in practice. Referring to Chinese water quality standard,
water quality degree of river is divided into 5 grades in this paper. Five indexes, namely DOCODMnBOD
NO3-N and Huifafen are selected as evaluation indexes. The model was applied to evaluate water quality of Jialing
River and the results are in line with the actual. It showed that water quality of Jialing river is in Nanchong ,while
the water quality of Xiaodukou is most serious. The proposed method is proved to be reasonable and reliable, and can
be used in comprehensive evaluation problems of water quality. Finally, we analyze the causes of water quality in
Jialing River and put forward the control measure.
2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license.
Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of the Intelligent Information Technology Application
Research Association.

Keywords: ComponentFuzzy weight, Matter element, water quality, Jialing River

1. Introduction

In recent years, the rapid growth of the economic, a large of pollutant emission, inappropriate
development and utilization of surface water resources have causing the worsening of the water quality in
China [1]. The growing phenomenon worsening of the water quality, which threats to economic
development, drinking water safety and ecological environment, confines the regional sustainable
development [2]. So, establishment of appropriate model and accurate assessment of the situation are the
premise for the pollution control [3].
At present, there are many evaluation methods, the most commonly used are: neural network model,
analytic hierarchy process, entropy method, factor analysis and other comprehensive evaluation method.
These methods have their own characteristics, but in general can be divided into two categories, subjective
weight method and objective weight method. Subjective weight method reflects the intention of policy

1878-0296 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license.
Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of the Intelligent Information Technology Application Research Association.
doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2011.12.098
632 JIAname
Author Chun-rong and ZHANG
/ Procedia Jun / Procedia
Environmental Environmental
Sciences 00 (2011)Sciences
00000011 (2011) 631 636

maker, but the evaluation results have a strong subjectivity; Objective weight method avoids the bias
caused by human factors, but sometimes the weight is differ from the actual importance of the various
indicators , and results were affected by random errors of sample. Therefore, these two methods have some
limitations [4]. Clearly, scientific evaluation method combined a variety of evaluation methods with reason
[5]
. The author combines fuzzy weight with matter-element analysis, to try to set up matter element model
based on fuzzy weight and applied it to the actual evaluation of surface water quality with provide new
view to the government decision and allied studies.

2. Matter Element Model Based on Fuzzy Weight

2.1 Matter element definition

Suppose that an ordered triple R = ( M , c, v) , including three elements M (the matter), c (the
matters property) and v (the propertys value),is defined as the basic cell, which is a dimensional matter
element. Suppose that the matters were characterized with n properties ( c1 , c2 , cn ) and that the
corresponding value of these properties were ( v1 , v2 , vn ). Then a matter element is defined as:

M c1 v1 R1
c2 v2 R2
R= =


cn vn Rn

2.2 Classical field and node field

The classical field of the water quality index is

R j = ( M j , ci , v ji )
M j c1 v j1 M j c1 ( a j1 , b j1 )
c2 v j 2 c2 (a j 2 , b j 2 ) ,
= =


cn v jn cn (a jn , b jn )

Where M j is the water quality development of grade j( j = 1,2, , m ); ci is the property of M j

i = 1,2,, n ;and v ji is the classical field of the water quality index, which represents the M j s range
about ci .
The node field of the water quality index is
 JIA Chun-rong
Author name /and ZHANGEnvironmental
Procedia Jun / Procedia Environmental Sciences000000
Sciences 00 (2011) 11 (2011) 631 636 633

R p = ( P, ci , v pi )
P c1 v p1 P c1 (a p1 , b p1 )
c2 v p 2 c2 (a p 2 , b p 2 ) ,
= =


cn v pn cn (a pn , b pn )

Where P represents the entire water quality grades and v pi is the Ps range about ci .

2.3 Determination of correlation function

The relation between the ith property field of water quality index and the jth grade can be depicted
by a correlation function:

(vi , v ji )
vi = v ji
v ji
K j (vi ) = (1)
(vi , v ji )
(v , v ) (v , v ) vi v ji
i pi i ji

where

1 1
(vi , v ji ) =vi (a ji + b ji ) (b ji a ji )
2 2
(2)
1 1
(vi , v pi ) =vi ( a pi + bpi ) (bpi a pi )
2 2
(3)

2.4 Determination of fuzzy weight

Using fuzzy mathematical method to determine fuzzy weights ( Ai ) of evaluation factors ( ci ):

i,1 i,2
Ai = + ++ i, p + i,0 + i, p+1 ++ i,2p , (4)
i,1 i,2 i, p i,0 i, p+1 i,2p
where i ,0 is relative weight, it can be determined according to the method of AHP[6] or the expert
n
survey 9 scale, and
i =1
i ,0 =1;=
i ,k (1, 2, , 2 p ) can be determined according to the actual situation,
i ,0
i ,k
and often selected 0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8 or 0.9; = (1, 2, , 2 p ) can be determined according to the .
Fuzzy weight embraces essentially weight range by this method. This method not only inherits the
traditional matter element method, but also considers sufficiently the uncertainty of the weight [7,8].
634 JIAname
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2.5 Determination of correlation degree

One can calculate K j (M ) of M about the jth grade by:

m
(5)
K j (M ) = i =1
Ai K j ( v i )

2.6 Correlation degree Standardization

One can calculate Kj ( M) of M about the jth grade by:

K j ( M ) m in K j ( M ) (6)
K j (M ) =
m ax K j ( M ) m in K j ( M )
j =1 j =1

2.7 Determination of quality grade

The quality grade of surface water is given by

m

j =1
jK j ( M )
(7)
J = m

j =1
K j (M )

3. Case Study

Jialing River belongs to the Yangtze River System, which is the second largest tributary of Yangtze
River. It is also the longest river in Nanchong. Jialing River runs through Nanchong from north to south,
which is 271km[9].The average annual runoff is 878.7m3/s and annual runoff is 277.6108m3.
Jialing River in Nanchong is taken as the survey object, water quality of which is evaluated to
provide evidence for the research of its comprehensive treatment and sustainable development. The
observed data (2003) of Jialing River water quality is from reference, (Table1).According to the
investigation result of the reservoir and the water quality criteria, five pollution indices i.e.DO
CODMNBODNO3-N and Huifafen are selected as the clustering indices to evaluate the water quality
of the Jialing River (Table2).

Table 1.surveying date of water quality of jialing river in nanchong

Evaluation index DO CODMn BOD NO3-N Huifafen

Ershuichang 8.480 3.490 1.220 0.113 0.001
Xiao dukou 8.140 3.650 2.110 0.404 0.001
Qing ju 8.130 3.740 2.070 0.314 0.01

Table 2.classification standard of surface water quality in China

Evaluation
DO CODMn BOD NO3-N Huifafen
index
7.5 2 3 0.015 0.002
6 4 3 0.5 0.002
5 6 4 1 0.005
3 10 6 1.5 0.01
2 15 10 2 0.1
 JIA Chun-rong
Author name /and ZHANGEnvironmental
Procedia Jun / Procedia Environmental Sciences000000
Sciences 00 (2011) 11 (2011) 631 636 635

4. Evaluation and Results

Firstly, according to Table 2, we can get the classical field of water quality. And based on this
conclusion, we can get the node fields. Secondly, in accordance with formula (4) calculate the fuzzy
weights of the indexes, using formula (1), (2), (3), (5) calculated correlation degree of the index quality
grade, then puts the value of correlation degree into formula(6) to obtain the value of standardized
treatment. Finally, puts the value of standardized treatment into formula (7) to obtain the quality grade.
The results of calculation are given in Table 3.

Table 3.Evaluation results of water quality of jialing river in nanchong

region grade
Ershuichang 0.000 1.000 0.094 0.088 0.083 2.411
Xiao dukou 0.000 1.000 0.891 0.764 0.686 3.340
Qing ju 0.000 1.000 0.756 0.653 0.588 3.277

From Table 3, we can show that the grade of water quality is the third (). The water quality of
Ershuichang is comparatively better, while that of Xiaodukou is worst. Here is the analysis referring to the
real local conditions.
1) The Jialing River is main water source for agricultural irrigation in Nanchong. There are used in
agricultural production, for example: Organic, Pesticides. And the unreasonable development of the along
river has led to the large amount of sediment into the Jialing River. The survey result made by Nanchong
Environment Survey Station shows that The mean suspended sediment concentration is 1.97kg/m3,
Sediment Delivery is 1220t.
2) Jialing River and the chief tributary flows through the urban. The municipal waste water discharge
and the leach ate of landfill has been causing huge pollution to the Jialing River. By 2003, the municipal
waste water has grew from 3400104m3/a in 1995 to 5842104m3/a. However, lack of sewage treatment
plant, most urban just drop it in straight off the river. The result, the content of CODMN, BOD increased
and the water quality worsen.
3) The mashipu landfill has a history of almost twenty years. The monitoring results proved that the
concentration of COD is as high as 12000mg/L, NH3-N is as high as 6000mg/L.The landfill is seriously
pollution the Jingxi River, eventually pollution the Jialing River.
4) Industrial Wastewater Discharge also pollutes the water quality of Jialing River. By 2003, there are
100 pollutant discharging enterprise in Jialing River of Nanchong. The industrial waste water discharge is
3325104t, up 5.8% over the previous year; the attainment rate is 79.2%.

5. Conclusions

Authors join fuzzy weight and matter element to set up matter element model based on fuzzy weight.
This method not only inherits the traditional matter element method, such as the conceptual clarity, strong
logicality, high resolution of evaluation result, etc, but also considers sufficiently the uncertainty of the
weight. The results of case study are consistent with the actual situation. The proposed method is proved to
be reasonable and reliable, and can be widely used in all kinds of comprehensive evaluation problems.

Acknowledgment

This work was supported by the Education Department of Sichuan, China (No.10ZB020)
636 JIAname
Author Chun-rong and ZHANG
/ Procedia Jun / Procedia
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00000011 (2011) 631 636

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