Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Concrete
Applicable Codes & Common Issues
Objectives
Cold Weather
Stripping/Backfill
Wall Cracks
Cold Joints
Honeycombing
Cold Weather Placement
70 F (21 C) 8
60 F (16 C) 14
50 F (10 C) 18
40 F (4 C) 25
30 F (-1 C) 55
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Days
12
Stripping & Backfill
Caused by:
Shrinkage: provide joints
Settlement/Heave: ensure subgrade is native or properly
compacted, not frozen or allowed to freeze
Structural Damage: strip and backfill at the appropriate
times
Frost Heave
Vertical Crack
Horizontal Crack
Cold Joints
Cracking
Placement on a Vapour Barrier
Set Time
Surface Defects; blisters, delamination, dusting, crazing
Cracking
Scaling
Delamination
Frozen Surface
Mortar Flaking
Cracking
Scaling
Scaling
Delamination
Mortar flaking
What causes them
Ed Kalis
Director of Technical Services
and Training.