Abbe number V optics (dispersion in optical materials)
Activity chemistry (Proportion of "active" molecules or coefficient atoms) climatology, astronomy (reflectivity of surfaces Albedo or bodies) Archimedes fluid mechanics (motion of fluids due Ar number to density differences) Arrhenius chemistry (ratio of activation energy to thermal number energy)[1] Atomic chemistry (mass of atom over one atomic mass M weight unit, u, where carbon-12 is exactly 12 u) Atwood fluid mechanics (onset of instabilities A number in fluid mixtures due to density differences) fluid mechanics, geology (ratio of grain collision Bagnold Ba stresses to viscous fluid stresses in flow of number a granular material such as grain and sand)[2] Bejan number fluid mechanics (dimensionless pressure drop (fluid Be along a channel)[3] mechanics) Bejan number thermodynamics (ratio of heat (thermodyna Be transfer irreversibility to total irreversibility due mics) to heat transfer and fluidfriction)[4] Bingham fluid mechanics, rheology (ratio of yield stress to Bm number viscous stress)[1] heat transfer (surface vs. volume conductivity of Biot number Bi solids) geology, fluid mechanics, porous media (inertial Bl or Blake number over viscous forces in fluid flow through porous B media) Bodenstein Bo or chemistry (residence-time distribution; similar to number Bd the axial mass transfer Peclet number)[5] geology, fluid mechanics, porous Bond number Bo media (buoyant versus capillary forces, similar to the Etvs number) [6] Brinkman heat transfer, fluid mechanics (conduction from a Br number wall to a viscous fluid) Brownell fluid mechanics (combination of capillary NBK Katz number number and Bond number) [7] Capillary porous media, fluid mechanics (viscous Ca number forces versus surface tension) Chandrasekha magnetohydrodynamics (ratio of the Lorentz Q r number force to the viscosity in magnetic convection) Colburn J JM, J turbulence; heat, mass, and momentum transfer factors H, JD (dimensionless transfer coefficients) Coefficient of mechanics (friction of solid bodies kinetic in translational motion) friction Coefficient of mechanics (friction of solid bodies at rest) static friction Coefficient of statistics (proportion of variance explained by determination a statistical model) Coefficient of statistics (ratio of standard variation deviation to expectation) Chemical engineering, material science, Cohesion Coh mechanics (A scale to show the energy needed number for detaching two solid particles) Correlation or r statistics (measure of linear dependence) Cost of energy efficiency, economics (ratio of energy COT transport input to kinetic motion) Courant mathematics (numerical solutions of hyperbolic Friedrich C or PDEs)[8] Levy number Damkohler chemistry (reaction time scales vs. residence Da number time) Damping ratio mechanics (the level of damping in a system) fluid mechanics (fraction of pressure losses due Darcy friction Cf or f to friction in a pipe; four times the Fanning factor D friction factor) porous media (ratio of permeability to cross- Darcy number Da sectional area) Dean number D turbulent flow (vortices in curved ducts) Deborah De rheology (viscoelastic fluids) number acoustics, electronics, control theory (ratio of Decibel dB two intensities or powers of a wave) Drag aeronautics, fluid dynamics (resistance to fluid cd coefficient motion) colloid science (ratio of electric surface Dukhin Du conductivity to the electric bulk conductivity number in heterogeneoussystems) convective heat Eckert Ec transfer (characterizes dissipation of energy; ratio number of kinetic energy to enthalpy) Ekman Ek geophysics (viscous versus Coriolis forces) number Elasticity economics (response E (economics) of demand or supply to price changes) Etvs Eo fluid mechanics (shape of bubbles or drops) number Ericksen fluid dynamics (liquid crystal flow Er number behavior; viscous over elastic forces) hydrodynamics (stream pressure versus inertia for Euler number Eu ces) Euler's e mathematics (base of the natural logarithm) number Excess heat transfer, fluid dynamics (change in internal temperature energy versus kinetic energy)[9] coefficient fluid mechanics (fraction of pressure losses due Fanning f to friction in a pipe; 1/4th the Darcy friction friction factor factor)[10] Feigenbaum chaos theory (period doubling)[11] constants quantum electrodynamics (QED) (coupling Fine structure constant characterizing the strength of constant the electromagnetic interaction) optics, photography (ratio of focal f-number f length to diameter of aperture) Fpplvon Krmn virology, solid mechanics (thin-shell buckling) number Fourier heat transfer, mass transfer (ratio of diffusive rate Fo number versus storage rate) Fresnel F optics (slit diffraction)[12] number Froude fluid mechanics (wave and surface behaviour; Fr number ratio of a body's inertia to gravitational forces) Gain electronics (signal output to signal input) bicycling (system of representing gearing; length Gain ratio traveled over length pedaled)[13] Galilei fluid Ga number mechanics (gravitational over viscous forces) mathematics, aesthetics (long side length of self- Golden ratio similar rectangle) Grtler fluid dynamics (boundary layer flow along a G number concave wall) heat transfer, fluid mechanics (laminar Graetz Gz flow through a conduit; also used in mass number transfer) Grashof heat transfer, natural convection (ratio of Gr number the buoyancy to viscous force) Gravitational gravitation (attraction between coupling two massy elementary particles; analogous to constant the Fine structure constant) chemical engineering (adsorption enhancement Hatta number Ha due to chemical reaction) heat transfer (ratio of Hagen Hg the buoyancy to viscous force in forced number convection) Havnes In Dusty plasma physics, ratio of the total the parameter number density of particles Hydraulic fluid mechanics, groundwater flow (pressure i gradient head over distance) Iribarren wave mechanics (breaking surface gravity Ir number waves on a slope) chemistry (ratio of sensible to latent Jakob number Ja energy absorbed during liquid-vapor phase change)[14] Karlovitz turbulent combustion (characteristic flow time Ka number times flame stretch rate) Keulegan fluid dynamics (ratio of drag force to inertia for a Carpenter KC bluff object in oscillatory fluid flow) number gas dynamics (ratio of the molecular mean free Knudsen Kn path length to a representative physical length number scale) medicine (hemodialysis and peritoneal Kt/V Kt/V dialysis treatment; dimensionless time) Kutateladze fluid mechanics (counter-current two-phase Ku number flow)[15] fluid dynamics (free Laplace La convection within immiscible fluids; ratio number of surface tension to momentum-transport) heat and mass transfer (ratio of thermal to mass Lewis number Le diffusivity) Lift aerodynamics (lift available from an airfoil at a CL coefficient given angle of attack) Lockhart two-phase flow (flow of wet Martinelli gases; liquid fraction)[16] parameter Love numbers h, k, l geophysics (solidity of earth and other planets) Lundquist plasma physics (ratio of a resistive time to S number an Alfvn wave crossing time in a plasma) M or gas dynamics (compressible flow; Mach number Ma dimensionless velocity) Magnetic magnetohydrodynamics (ratio of Reynolds Rm magnetic advection to magnetic diffusion) number Manning roughness n open channel flow (flow driven by gravity)[17] coefficient fluid mechanics (Marangoni flow; Marangoni Mg thermal surface tension forces number over viscous forces) Morton g c4 fluid dynamics (determination Mo Mo number 2 c 3 of bubble/drop shape) Nusselt hd heat transfer (forced convection; ratio Nu Nu number k of convective to conductive heat transfer) Ohnesorge We fluid dynamics (atomization of Oh Oh number L Re liquids, Marangoni flow) du c p heat transfer (advectiondiffusion problems; Pclet number Pe Pe RePr total momentum transfer to molecular heat k transfer)
Peel number NP Restoring force coating (adhesion of microstructures with substrat
NP e) Adhesive force Pixel px constant digital imaging (smallest addressable unit) Plasma (physics) and Fusion power. Ratio of Beta (plasma nk T plasma thermal pressure to magnetic pressure, 2 B physics) B / 2 0 controlling the level of turbulence in a magnetised plasma. d trans elasticity (strain in transverse and longitudinal Poisson's ratio d axial direction) V geology, porous media (void fraction of the Porosity V VT medium) P Power factor pf pf electrical (real power to apparent power) S Power P electronics (power consumption by Np Np 3 5 number n d agitators; resistance force versus inertia force) Prandtl c heat transfer (ratio of viscous diffusion rate Pr Pr p number k over thermal diffusion rate) H r DTAC AS e reaction engineering (ratio of heat evolution Prater number Ts e to heat conduction within a catalyst pellet)[19] p p aerodynamics, hydrodynamics (pressure experien Pressure Cp CP 1 ced at a point on an airfoil; dimensionless coefficient V2 2 pressure variable) Energy Storedphysics, engineering (damping of oscillator or res Q factor Q Q 2 f r Power Loss onator; energy stored versus energy lost) Radian measu arc length / radius mathematics (measurement of planar angles, 1 rad re radian = 180/ degrees) Rayleigh g heat transfer (buoyancy versus viscous Ra Ra x (Ts T ) x3 number forces in free convection) Refractive c electromagnetism, optics (speed of light in a n n index v vacuum over speed of light in a material) Relative substance hydrometers, material comparisons (ratio RD RD of density of a material to a reference material density reference usuallywater) Relative magnetostatics (ratio of the permeability of a r r permeability 0 specific medium to free space) Cx electrostatics (ratio of capacitance of Relative r r test capacitor with dielectric material permittivity C0 versus vacuum) Reynolds vL fluid mechanics (ratio of Re Re number fluid inertial and viscous forces) Richardson gh 1 fluid dynamics (effect of buoyancy on flow Ri Ri 2 number u 2 Fr stability; ratio of potential over kinetic energy) Rockwell mechanical hardness (indentation hardness of a constant scale material) Rolling F Crr vehicle dynamics (ratio of force needed for resistance Crr Nf motion of a wheel over the normal force) coefficient Roshko fL2 Ro Ro StRe fluid dynamics (oscillating flow, vortex shedding) number Rossby U Ro Ro geophysics (ratio of inertial to Coriolis force) number Lf w sediment transport (ratio of the sediment fall Rouse number P or Z P s u* velocity and the upwards velocity of grain) Schmidt mass transfer (viscous over Sc Sc number D molecular diffusion rate) * boundary layer flow (ratio of displacement Shape factor H H thickness to momentum thickness) Sherwood KL mass transfer (forced convection; ratio Sh Sh number D of convective to diffusive mass transport) Shields sediment transport (threshold of sediment * movement due to fluid motion; parameter ( s ) gD dimensionless shear stress) r N 2 Sommerfeld S S hydrodynamic lubrication (boundary lubrication) number c P Specific SG constant (same as Relative density) gravity Stanton h Nu heat transfer and fluid St St number c p V RePr dynamics (forced convection) Stefan c p T phase change, thermodynamics (ratio of sensible Ste Ste number L heat to latent heat) Stokes Stk or U o particles suspensions (ratio of Stk number Sk dc characteristic time of particle to time of flow) F materials science, elasticity (displacement Strain 1 between particles in the body relative to a X reference length) Strouhal St or L fluid dynamics (continuous and pulsating flow; St number Sr v nondimensional frequency) B Lc Ha 2 2 magnetohydrodynamics (ratio Stuart number N N U Re of electromagnetic to inertial forces) fluid dynamics (rotating fluid flows; inertial Taylor 42 R 4 Ta Ta forces due to rotation of a fluid versus viscous number 2 forces) I optics, spectroscopy (the ratio of Transmittance T T the intensities of radiation exiting through and I0 incident on a sample) H 2 wave mechanics (nonlinearity of surface gravity Ursell number U U h3 waves on a shallow fluid layer) Pr porous media (governs the effects Vadasz Va Va of porosity the Prandtl number and the Darcy number Da number on flow in a porous medium) van 't Hoff i 1 (n 1) i quantitative analysis (Kf and Kb) factor 1 Wallis 2 multiphase flows (nondimensional superficial parameter j* j* R velocity)
Weaver flame w combustion (laminar burning velocity relative Wea Wea 100 speed number wH to hydrogen gas) Weber v 2l multiphase flow (strongly curved surfaces; ratio We We number of inertia to surface tension) Weissenberg Wi viscoelastic flows (shear rate times the relaxation Wi number time) 1 biofluid mechanics (continuous and pulsating Womersley 2 number R flows; ratio of pulsatile flow frequency to viscous effects) Zel'dovich E T f To fluid dynamics, Combustion (Measure