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Streszczenie. W artykule opisano sposb doboru trjfazowego generator synchronicznego jako rda zasilania dla testowanego transformatora
jedno- i trjfazowego. Szczeglny nacisk pooono na uzwojenie twornika i rozmiary uzwojenia tumicego, ze wzgldu na asymetri obcienia
generatora przy wzrocie temperatury w prbie zwarciowej transformatora jednofazowego. Wyniki analizy pokazuj, e najlepszym rozwizaniem
jest generator ze skonymi obkami stojana i uzwojeniach poczonych w trjkt. (Niesymetryczne obcienie trjfazowego generatora
synchronicznego).
RMS [A]
very small load angle. The flux plots are shown in Fig. 2 for
rated three-phase load and Fig. 3 for unsymmetrical load
(two-phase connected single-phase load, power factor
500
0.05).
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Damper bar position
3000
2500
1500
1000
Fig. 2 Magnetic flux of a synchronous generator at rated load
500
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Damper bar position
2
10
1
10
Amplitude [%]
0
10
Fig. 3 Magnetic flux of a synchronous generator at unsymmetrical
load
[%]
Fig. 7 Phase current frequency spectrum, two-phase load 1.5 MVA,
magnitude[%]
1
10
wye connection
Skalirana amplituda
5000
U (V) U W-V U U-V
Normalized
4000
3000
0
2000
10
U V-W =U TR
1000
0
320 325 330 335 t (ms) 340
-1000
-2000
-1
10
0 10 20 30 40 50
-3000
Redni broj harmonika
Harmonic order (50 (50
Hz) Hz)
-4000
Fig. 10 Single phase load 1.5 MVA, line-to-line voltage, frequency
-5000
spectrum, delta connection
Fig. 8 Line-to-line voltage waveform, two-phase load 1.5 MVA, 2 Frekvencijski spektar linijskog napona
delta connection 10
Bez skoenja
6000 Sa skoenjem
U (V)
5000
U W-V U U-V
4000
[%]
magnitude[%]
3000 1
10
2000
Skalirana amplituda
U V-W =U TR
1000
0
280 285 290 295 t (ms) 300
Normalized
-1000
-2000
0
-3000 10
-4000
-5000
-6000
connection 0 10 20 30 40 50
Redni broj harmonika (50 Hz)
By conducting a series of finite-element method Fig. 11 Single phase load 1.5 MVA, line-to-line voltage, frequency
calculations, it has been shown that it is better to choose spectrum, wye connection
delta connection for testing single-phase transformers. It is
interesting to see that even in no-load operation the damper The damper bar current distribution under rated three-
bar currents cannot be neglected (Fig. 12). phase load is very similar to no-load operation due to low
It can be noted that the largest currents in no-load operation power factor and small load angle (Fig. 13). The maximum
flow in the centre of the pole, which is not the case in bar current of 264 A corresponds to the current density of
2
unsymmetrical operation (Figs. 4 and 5.). For orientation, 2,33 A/mm . It should be noted that currents in the bars 8 to
the current of 76 A corresponds to the current density of 13 are slightly higher than currents in the bars 1 to 6
2
0.67 A/mm . because under load the air-gap field axis is shifted towards
In no-load operation and wye connection the armature bars 8 to 13 by the amount of load angle with respect to the
winding current equals zero, while the field winding is centreline of the pole, thus causing higher induced currents
excited producing magnetic field in the generator. Due to in those bars.
presence of the stator slots, a slight variation of the total In the case of unsymmetrical single-phase load a
magnetic reluctance seen by the field winding occurs, and negative sequence field component emerges which travels
thus the variation of the air-gap flux density occurs as well at a speed twice the synchronous speed with respect to the
as the rotor rotates. Consequently, a variation of the flux damper winding. Since damper winding has no conductors
linked by the damper winding bars also occurs, which in the interpolar space and the short-circuit rings connect all
the bars in all pole shoes, with respect to the negative
5
70
S 1-phase (kVA)
60 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
[A] [A]
50
vrijednost
40 connection
Efektivna
30
REFERENCES
20 [1] Hargreaves, P.A.; Mecrow, B.C.; Hall, R.; "Open circuit voltage
distortion in salient pole synchronous generators with damper
10 windings," Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD
2010), 5th IET International Conference on , vol., no., pp.1-6,
0 19-21 April 2010
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Poloaj prigunog tapa
[2] Rocha, E.J.J., Jr.; Uemori, M.K.; De Arruda Penteado, A.; ,
"The damper winding influence upon salient pole synchronous
Fig. 12 No-load, RMS currents in the damper winding bars, delta generator electromotive force," Electric Machines and Drives
connection Conference Record, 1997. IEEE International , vol., no.,
Rapored jakosti struja (RMS) po poloajima na obodu pola
300 pp.TC1/7.1-TC1/7.3, 18-21 May 1997
[3] Keller, S.; Mai Tu Xuan; Simond, J.-J.; , "Computation of the
no-load voltage waveform of laminated salient-pole
250
synchronous generators," Industry Applications, IEEE
Transactions on , vol.42, no.3, pp. 681- 687, May-June 2006
Efektivna vrijednost [A]