The Monthly Devoted to Pennsylvania Dutch Culture
Vol. 1, No. 1 1 - 6,000
ON THE TRAIL OF THE
FIRST CHRISTMAS TREE By RUDOLF HOMMEL
To celebrate Christmas LOday without a trcc would seem entirely unthink-
able, and yet it was not al",ays that way. The introduction of the Christmas
Tree is a gift of the German element of our population to this country. Right
bere we must stress, however, that the early Pennsylvania Germans did not
seem to have been acquainted with the Christmas tree. The influence came
rather from later German immigrants,
Delightfully delailed is the account
of an unknown author, who describes
the celebration of Christmas in Strass-
burg in 1604, "Auff ''''eihenachten
richtett man Da nnenbaeum zu Strass
burg in den Stuben auff, daran hen cket
man rossen ausS vielfarbigem papier
geschnilten , Aepfel, Oblalen, Zischgoll,
Zucker x. Man pAegt darum ein vier-
eckent ramen zu machen . . . und t
vorrn . . ." Unfortunately the paper
is completely torn in the original text,
resulting in the loss of the continu a-
tion of this interesting account. In
English translation it reads: At Christ
mas fir-trees are set up in the rooms
at Strassburg, and hung with roses cut
from paper of many colors, apples,
wafers, spangle-gold, sugar, etc. It is
customary to surround it with a square
frame , . . and in front . . ,
The question when the first tree was
lighted in our country to celebrate
Christmas has agitated man y miuds,
and in the last few yea rs articles have
appeared in various publications, set-
ting forth variou s claims for various
dates and various places.
"The American -German Review ," or-
gan of the Carl Schurz Memorial
Foundation, had an article by 'Villiam
1. Schreiber, entitled: "The First Amer-
ican Christmas Tree," in its issue for
December, 1943. It relales how August
1mgard, a merchant tailor of 'Vooster,
Ohio, put up a Christmas trec to de
light his nephews and nieces in 1847,
which was a sensation for the little
town of ' Vooster. The community ap
proved "the prett), idea ," and within
a few years all 'Vooster had Christ
mas trees.
A catalogue of secondhand books,
issued in Fall 1945, listed lhe follow
ing: "Kriss Kringle's Christmas Tree.
HOliday Present for Bovs and Girls."
New York, 1846. 160 pp. CIOlh, iIlus
trated. The book was sold when I
ordered it and I cannot report on its
contents. The dated title, however, is
su fficient e v ide n ce that there was
knowledge of the Christmas tree in
New York in 1816.
The interest once aroused brought
forth additional data a bou t earl y
Christmas trees in American churches
and homes in following issues of lhe
bi-monthly "The American-German
Review."
~
1n that of February , 1941,
1 fr . Rolf King, Roches ter , N . Y.,quotes
a notice whi ch appeared in the " Roch-
ester Dail y Democrat" of December
23, 1840:
"Cermany in Americal
"The undersigned has learned [hat
the Cerman Pro tes tant children will
celebra te according to the custo m of
Ihe Old Country, Chrislmas Eve, at
their Meeting H ouse at the corner of
Crove and Scio Streets. Those of th e
Amer ica n children, wishing to see the
abo\'c mentioned celebratio n on that
evenin g, arc respectfully invited to at-
Lancaster, Pa., December, 1949
lend. The celebration commences at
6 o'clock precisely.
"J. Ph. Peck,
"a member of said Church."
The people of Rochester took kind-
ly to this inn ovation and with the
advent of the Christmas season of 1847,
the German Lutheran Church on
Stilson Street laun ch ed a Festival for
lhe benefit of the church on Christmas
Eve, December 24, with a beautiful
German Christmas tree splendidl y il-
luminated and ornamented, together
with a striking or magical representa-
tion of the lativity of Christ, the
Mountains of Judah, and the Plains
of Belblehem.
Having by now the tree documented
for lhe late I840s, Miss Susan E. Ly
man, Curator of MSS., New York His-
torical Society, called attention (in the
American-German R eview for April,
1944) lo a letler displayed in lhe
Christmas e.xhibi t of the Society. It
was written Januar y 6, 1842, by Theo-
dore Ledyard Cuyler, a well-known
Presbyterian minister. She quotes:
"Cily of Brolherl )' Love
"January 6lh 1842
. On Thursday evening we had
our annual soiree at the school. The
parents were invited . . . and alto-
gether we mustered about 160 or 170.
Everything was genteel ... ' ,Ve had a
large 'Christmas Tree' which was a
great attraction and novelty - it was
decorated with the coats of arms of the
boys, fa nciful designs, and ribands, and
looked beautiful ... "
All this correspondence roused our
spirit of inquiry, and we were able to
contribute (in the June 1944 issue of
was Presbyterian minister in Harris-
the American-German Review) the
following:
PHILADELPHIA CHRISTMAS TREE
Doctor Constantin Hering, born on
January I , 1800, in Oschatz, near
Leipzig, Germany, arrived in the Un it-
ed States in January 1833 . Christmas
see med bleak to him without a tree ,
and in 1834, he was determined to get
one and celebrate a rea l German
Christmas. 'Vith his friend , Friedrich
Knorr , wbo had come from Prussia a
shoTt time before, he started out,
crossed the De)aware and brought fir
lI ees from New Jersey. They carried
th em on their shoulders through the
streeLS, folJowed by shouting street
urchins. Thus the first Christmas tree
made its appearance in Philadelphia
and roused quite a stir. The doctor
appointed evenings when his patients
and friends could come and see the
lighled lree.
Dr. Hering died in Philadelphia on
Jul y 23, 1880, and had had lhe joy of
many happ y Christmas celebrations
with a lighted tree, besides the satis-
faction of ha ving introduced this beau-
tiful custom in PhiJadelphia and hav-
ing seen it spread to become a national
observance. This information was given
[0 th e writer by Dr. Calvin B. Knerr,
Dr. H er ing's son-i n-law, who died in
Philadelpbia in 1910. at lhe age of 93.
In lhe meantime we found further
evidence which relates to Christmas
celebration with a tree before 1826 in
AN EARLY CHRISTMAS TREE
(From Godoy's Lady's Book of 1860)
Harrisburg, Pa. It appears that the
Rev. Mr. George Lochman (born in
Philadelphia, December 2, 1773) was
the Lutheran minis ter at Zion's Church
in Harrisburg from 181 5 lO 1826. His
house was peopled with fifteen children,
two from a first wife, and thirteen
from his second.
The late Dr. '-ViUiam R. Dewitt, who
burg since 1818, was a close friend of
Dr. Lachman and furnished a sketch
of him for Sprague's "Annals of the
American Pulpit." He spea ks fee ling .
I)' of Dr. Lochman and vividly depicts
so me of the cus toms the latter ab-
sen ted during his incumbe ncy, whi ch
terminated with his death in 1826.
"In those da ys," D r. D ew itt relates,
" ' VhiLSuntide was a great day in Ha r-
risburg, it was a high day. On tha t
day all the yo uth of a certain age, of
the LUlheran families, marched in pro-
cession through our streets, dressed in
white, with plain white caps on their
heads, to the Lutheran church, where
they were confirmed and received th e
benediction of lheir pastor. Easter,
wilh its abundance of colored eggs, and
Christmas, with its Christmas tree, all
laden with Christmas presents, were
institutions of those da ys in which the
youth o( our town greatly rejoiced,
and of whose joy no one was a greater
partaker lhan the good Lutheran pas
tor. On those occasions he see med in
his element-with a multitude of chil-
dren around him, laboring La promote
Ihe joy of them all. But th ose days
3re past."
'Vith the approach of Christmas
mas dew could fall on it.
"grischtkindel" or Christ Child - no\.
1947 I gathered all lhe information
so far gained and published it in
pamphlet form for presentation to our
man)' friends as a Christmas greeting,
which soon exhausted the issue of 250
copies. The pamphlet carried as a
frontispiece a woodcu t taken from
Godey's Lady's Book of 1860, entitled
.. An Early American Christmas Tree,"
which is herewith reproduced. I can
eluded lhe pamphlel by saying lbat
the sea rch was still on and that we
welcome any additional data to extend
our knowledge of Christmas celebra-
tions with a lighted tree in America,
in tbe first quarter of the Nineteenth
Cent ury , or earlier.
In response came interesti ng infor-
mation about the frontispiece, from
Miss 1\lildred Bruder, Public Relations
Department, The Chicago Public Li-
brary. The picture appeared first in
the London Illustra ted News for De
cem ber, 1848, entitled "Christmas Tree
at " ' indsor Castle - Drawn by J. L.
'VilUams," where th e principal charac-
ters weTe Queen Vi ctoria, Prince Al-
bert and their children. Twelve years
later Godey or Sarah Hale, the editor,
appropriated th e picture for their
magazine, made American citizens out
of Vi ctoria and Albert by removing
her coronet and his moustache.
H enr), 'V. Shoemaker, the historian
of Harrisburg, kindl)' conveycd this in
formation: "In Jam es Galbtin's Diary,
he tells how his father and family in
Paris. in 18 18, as American Ambassa-
dor, se t up a Christmas tree, accord
ing to the American custom,' but th e
ligh ts caught th e tree on fire and
young Ga llatin h ad his hands burned
in carrying the burning tl-ee o ut of the
room. This might look as if the Christ
mas tree was kno wn in the United
Slates as early as th e first decade of
the Nineteenth Cenll1r)'."
8 Pages - 15c a Copy
Some Old
Yule Customs
By A. L. S.
There are (1"'0 Pennsylvania Dutch
Christmas customs wh.ich. unlike the
Christmas tree and Santa Claus, are of
ancient. possibly even of pre-Chris-
tian origin.
~I y grandfather Steigen... alt was a
farmer in Carbon County. Each
Christmas Eve, just before the hour of
midnight, he ,,,'ent out to lbe bam and
placed a pile of ha y in lhe open, in
the barn yard. There it lay during the
course of the night so that the Christ-
In the morning my grandfalher then
fed thjs hay, heavy with Christmas
dew, to his callIe, believing by doing
so that bis horses and cows would
prosper until tbe next anniversary of
our Saviour's birth.
THE FOLK IIlIND-nol knowing
the origin of this custom-gave it an
interesting significa nce. It is the
Santa Claus-who brought our Penn
s)lvania Dutch forebears their presents
on Christmas Eve.
The "grischtkindel" bad no rein-
deer-he made his rounds on a lowly
ass. And, said lhe folk, lbe bay in lbe
barnyard on Christmas night was in-
tended for the Christ Child's beast of
burden.
ANOTHER CUSTOM, quile like lbe
one we have just discussed, is putting
out a loaf of bread on Christmas Eve
-either on the window sill or in the
yard. Again it is let lie there through
lbe nighl.
And in the morning, before the
family eats its Christmas breakfast, the
mother of the household breaks of
the bread, wet with the Christmas dew,
and gives a piece to each member of
the family . It is eaten with the belief
lhat lben health and happiness will
continue until a nother Christmas rolls
arou nd.
These are customs whicb were for
merl}' generally to the whole of the
Pennsylvania Dutch country. Today
they are, regrettably, followed in but
a few fam ilieS any more. The time
has come, I think , to revive beautiful
customs such as these.
Another conespondent referred to
the Fort DeaTborn )'Jagazine of 1920,
whidl related [hat Captain " ' histler
"ordered a tree from the grove of pine
Hnd spr uce on the hills that skirted
the lake shore to the mOllth of the
river," and some of the soldiers dragged
it across the icy ri\er "by means of
ropes to its place of honor amongst
the festivilies." Captain 'V histler, the
account continues, had come originally
from Ireland where the Christmas tTee
was not customa ry in the F.i~hteenth
Century. One suggested explanation is
that he learned of hristmas trees from
Hessian soldiers who fought in this
country during the Revolution .
 PAGE TWO

The Pennsylvania Dutch

LOVER'S WISH

Die Mawd Un Der 8abbegoi A yo ung couple were out strolling

Told by WILLIAM P. SHOEMAKER
S hen moll leit en babbegoi katt un der hot so fiel gschwetzt. Er hot irnmer
alles ferrooda, dass aw-ga nga iss. ,"Vann cens fun da kinner ebbes geduu hot
tsum annera, dann hot er's e~'a geretscht. ET bot des ding die gans tseit ivvcr
un ivver ferueelt. Meint weega wie \vann die buuva hen dje meed gerobbt. adder
die buuva wawra am paep seirn duuvack. Die meed hen die katz rei-gelosst,
ader die katz wawl' an da millich, adder uff em disch.
Noo of[ mools wann nix am awgee
wawr. hot er die gans roi als widder
ivver gsawt.
Nau avver wuu er def greesch t
sdltreit grickt, wawr mil da mawd. Die
hot er aw als weck-gcvva, wann sic en
beau katta hot. 000 bot er evva aw
als gsawt. "Die mawd hot en beau
katt. Der beau hot die mawd gedrickt.
Die ma wd hot en beau katt. Der beau
hot die mawd gcdrickt." Un oft mools
noch gHucht un en dreckichi redd
dets'u gsawt.
di sheveled and clidn't utter a sound.
Dann moll ee dawg hot die mawd
[Sum gsa'hlt. "Wann du des net
schtoppscht dann nee ich dier's hinner
tsu."
Dann s neegscht mool , dass die mawd
evva widder en kall katta bot. hot
er's evva widder alles weck-gevva. Un
mar bet gemeent noch fiela schlimrner
wie defawT.
Noo hot die mawd iera tseit ge-
watscht; wie niemand sch unscht urn der
weeg wawr, hot sie del' babbegoi ge-
grabbt un hot iem's hinner tsu-geneet.
Ooveds wie die annera all um del'
weeg wawra, hot del' babbegoi evva
datt kockt gans uff-gschtravvelt un
bedriebt un ken watt 15u sawga katt.
Dann fangt moll eens aw, "Was iss
dano letl mit em babbegoi, dass del'
so ruuich iss?"
Dann fangt der babbegoi aw, "Mawd
binner ferneet, mawd hinner feroeet."
Yuscht kens hot gewisst adder denka
kenna, was er meena deet; doch hot er
allegebott des als widder ivver-gsawt.
Del' neegschta da,"'g hot er evva
nimmi gfressa un aw nix mee gsawt.
Un des iss pawr dawg so fatt-ganga.
Er hot als so fatt madderich rum-
kockt. Un s neegscht dass wawr, iss
der babbegoi doot ganga.
\Vie er dann doot waWl", dann hen
die kinner ieo gegrabbt un sin ganga
far en tsu begrawva. Un denoo hen
sic's gfunna, dass die mawd iem's
binner 15u-geneet katt hot.
Was es gevva hot mit da mawd wees
ich net.
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
By A. L. S.
There was a family that had a parrot
which talked all the time. It tattled
everything. If one child hit another,
the parrot would spout forth about it-
not once, but again and again. It
tattled on tbe boys when they pulled
the girls' hair or when they sneaked at
their fathers tobacco. It tattl ed on the
girls if they let the cat in the house,
or if the cat got at the milk or jumped
on the table.
When the parrot had nothing new,
it repeated the same old line.
But where it finally got into trouble
was with the maid. It tattled on her
Finall y, onc da y, the maid said to
the parrot: 'If you keep it up mu ch
longer, J"ll put a stop to it. J"ll sew
up your behind."
The very next time when a fellow
ca me to see the ma id again, the par
rot slarted al1 over again-only. it
seemed, more freely than before.
The maid bided her time_ Finally,
when no onc was about she grabbed
the parrot and carried out her threat.
ThaL evening when all the members
of the family were sea ted together in
the room , the parrot just sa t there, all
" Du," seeht der storebalter, " boscht
After some minutes, one or the other
asked: " 'Vhat's wrong with the parrot
that it's so quiet?"
And from the cage came the words:
"Maid sewed behind, maid sewed be-
hind." None of them knew what the
parrot meant. And it kept saying the
same words, over and over again.
The following da y the parrot refu sed
to eat anything. Nor did it talk. It
just sat there, dejectedlike. And the
next one knew-it died.
And when the parrot was dead tbe
children took it to bury it. It was then
they saw what the maid had done.
I dont know what happened to the
maid.
Shooting in the New Year
The hills and dales of old Pennsylvania Du tcbland used to resound with
the firing of flintlock guns and pistols, beginning at 12 o'clock on New Year's
Eve and continuing sometimes until long past daylight. Today-except for a
few isolated cases-the custom of shooting in the New Year is onl y a bappy
memory of days gone by.
It was cus tomary formerl y for young
men and old ones. too , to assemble on
New Year's Eve at a place agreed up
on, where they then remained, enjo y.
ing supper and liquid refreshments un-
til the grandfathers clock struck 12. At
that hour tbe group. consisting of a
wisher, some shooters and sometimes
a fiddler, se t forth for the night.
In 1893, Nathan Bachman, of Kemp-
ton, then a man of 76. reminisced about
earlier New Year's Eve celebrations as
follows: " I can't repeat a wish, but 1
used to go along as a shooter. When
1 was a young man New Year shooting
parties were on an average twice as
big as the y are nowada ys. They still
repeat none but the same old wishes,
but 1 know of no one at prese nt that
can deliver them nearl y as well as the
wisbers of m y acquaintance 60 years
ago. It is true that there are h ard ly
an y people in the country today who
don't like to hear a wish recited for
them, but still the Berks Countian of
the present doesn't receive the wishers
nearl y so well as the people did 60
years ago.
"" ' hen 1 was a young man the farmer
a long a co untry road , when th e you ng
man noticed two co ws licking each
other. Finally he said to his sweet-
hea rt, " l ch wott ich kennl sell aw duu."
No sawgt es meed el. "Ei du kannscht,
es sin em pap sei ki e:'
Submitted by-
l\Iina L . VonSteuben, Hecktown
CRUDE BOOKKEEPING
Years ago busi ness was done on the
charge and credit plan. Merchants
kept a running account for the entire
year and April 1 was the an nual se t-
tl ement day.
On thi s p articular day a farmer from
northern La ncas ter County called on
his storekeeper to straighten his ac-
count. The storekeeper (unable to
write, he used symbols of his own crea-
tion ) bega n to enumerate the items
bought by the farmer.
(Come Lord J esu s, be our guest. Bless
en ganser kees kawft uff der dritt
Hanning."
"N ix," secht der bauer, " ich nab nie
ken ganser kees kawft."
"Avver doo schteet"s uffgschrivva,"
secht der storebalter.
The two argued for some minutes,
when the farmer recall ed that he had
bought a grindstone. He said: ' lch
hab ken ganser kees kawft, avver ich
hab n schleifschtee kawft."
"Datt iss's," sawgt der storehalter,
"ich hab fergessa es loch in die mitt
fum ring tsu macha."
Submitted by-
H. Wilson Zwall y, Ephrata
the grown boys and girls sa t up a ll
night, waiting for tbe New Year visit-
ing part y. When a t last the merry
shooters and wishers arrived, they call-
ed out the farmer and his family,
whereupon one of the wishers com
menced to deliver a househ old wish.
This done. a volley was fired. after
which one of the young members of
the party commenced to wish for the
fa rmer's daughter. A ,'olley was fired
after each wish. Sometimes as high
as four wishes were delivered a t one
farmhouse. In those days there was
a meal ready a t nearly every farm
when the party called.
'The girls all did their very best to
produce a meal that the pa rty would
pronounce the best they met on the
route. The girl who succeeded in
m aki ng the best was talked about very
much , even in the stores and taverns.
The party could, of course, not eat
mu ch a t every place, but the y had to
ea t a nd drink a little or else those
people wou ld have been greatly dis-
pleased. Every member of the party
had a great deal of fun, but they
hardl y ever became disorderl y. Drunk-
Dialect Rhymes and Jingles
Minerva W. Kline. of Birdsboro. writes [0 say that she learned some Peno-
sylvania Dutch rhymes when sh e and her cousins ga[her~d at her grandmother',
IlOuse during vacation. Incidentall y, her grandmother lived to be 101 years old
and read without glasses. At 99 she peeled a bushel of potatoes for a party.
H ere is one of her grandmother's
rh ymes:
Der Johnnie gee t fatt,
Der Johnnie geet iwer die brick;
Die brick iss ferbro cha
Der Johnnie / ersoDa.
Der Jo hnnie hummt nimmi tsuTich..
Uohn nie goes away, over a bridge.
The bridge broke down and J obnnie
drowned. He won't ever come back
aga in .)
A prayer Minerva Kline l earned
from ber grandmother goes li ke this:
Kunun, Harri Yeesus,
Sei unser gascbt.
Seegni alles
Was Du uns bescbeeret hascht.
a ll tbat Thou hast given us.)
From Dr. W. S. Yoder, of Reading,
Minerva Kline has this rhyme:
Driuva, drowa, drunna,
Die katz iss im brunna.
JoVer hot sie neil
Der glee Johnn ie Dry.
lVer hot sie rausl
ways joined along the route. some-
times swelling the number above 50.
That time no man who could walk
along was considered too old to join
in. T hey very seldom allowed boys
under 18 years of age to go along."
In the same year Benjamin Burckey,
a lso of Kempton, was one of the wish-
ers. He said, " There is a wish for
elder ly people. The young or un-
married have to have a different one."
A good wisher must know a lot of
wishes. He sho uld be a ble to stand up
before a person a nd deliver a wish
that j ust fits the person."
Burckey mentioned about fiddlers
going along. He said, "A fiddler or
two wen t a long with many of the
parties. 1 once went with a party that
h ad a fiddler. W e m arcbed two by
t wo when on the road , the fiddler
acting as lead borse and playi ng from
one house to another. At the houses
some of tbe boys and girls danced, as
did also some of the old folks. T hose
were pleasant times."
L. A. 'VoUenweber , in his weekl y
column in the Reading Banner von
Berks tells us tha t the following was a
common Ne w Yea r's wish aro und Wo-
melsdorf in 1874:
Wir wiinschen euch ein
glUck lic" es Neues Johr,
En Pretzel wie ein Scheu.erdohr,
En Brotworscht wie en O/erohr,
Dazu. en grosser viereckiger Tisch,
Uf jedem Eck ell gebrot ner Fisch,
Un in der Mitt en Bottel Wein,
Dass soil unser Neujohrswunsch sein.
Da es euch ?wt t hut verdriessen
Dass wiT euch s'Neujohr anschiessen,
Un zeigt dabei ken Verdruss,
So solt ih r haren unsern Schuss.
Jet zt thun WiT die Hahnen rucken ,
Der glee Johnnie Schlrauss.
Wawr sell net en wieschteT buu
Die katz in der bTunna Lru duu?
Hett mar sie im keller luztta,
Weera mieT net gebloogt mit ralta.
(Over there, up there, down there-
the cat is in the well. Who pu t her
th ere? Little J ohnnie Dry. Who took
her out? Little Johnnie Strauss.
Wasn't that a naughty boy to put the
cat in the well? Had we had her
in the cellar. we wouldn't be bothered
with rat.)
From A. H. Shaffner, of Sunbury,
comes th is rhyme:
Es bot amool gereert;
Die hecka droppsa noch.
Ich amool en schelzel katt,
Ich wolt ich helt es noch.
(There was a mighty fall of rain; the
branches are still dripping. I once had
a swee theart, I wisb I had her still.)
This sounds very much like a stanza
of a Pennsylvania Dutch folksong. Can
anyone tell for sure?
Jobn Z. Harner, of Boyertown, taugh t
me the following rbyme :
Ich bin en Schwoob
fun Schwoova-land.
Ich hab fimf finger
an yeedera hand.
Essa un drinka kann ich guut
Un schwetza dunn ich wie's
mar kummt_
(I am a Swabian and bail from Swabia.
I b ave five fingers on each hand. I
am good at eating and drinking and I
sal' j ust what comes in m y head.)
Mae S. Heisler, of Tamaqua, sent
us this one:
Die lady (un da rutsch
lVann sie fa wra will,
hot sie ken kutsch,
lVann sie reida ,"ill,
bot sie ken gaul,
WanD sie lawfa muss,
iss sie tsu raul.
(The great lady, when she wants to
ride, sh e has no coach; when she wants
to ride. she has no horse and when
she has to walk she is too lazy.)
MEET
HOWARD
SNADER
the author of
the Glossary of
6167 English
Words and Ex-
pressioDs ud
how to say
them iD
Pennsylvania Dukh
- .. -
The words in this book will re-
vive pleasant memories of your
kinfolks who used to talk Dutch.
- .. -
You can learn to say the words

that she had a beau. It used to say: wbo wasnt vis ited by tbe New Year
'Tbe maid has a beau: he hugs ber."
And often on top of it all be cursed
shooting party considered himself very
much insulted, since they generally
and even sometimes repeated some slighted only disreputable farmers. In
dirty words. man y farm houses the old folks and
, DOWRY
EBBIS SCHAENIS
RECIPE NOTES
A disti nctive box of ten, richly col-
ored cords on white paper. Every
en p eo ple were not al lowed to travel
a long. Some parties numbered 25
when the y started out, but man y al-
..
Den Pulverdampf solt ihr erblicken.
just like they used to.
Atit dem. liinschen ischt s nau aus
Knallell muss es vor dem HatLS.
- -
Nothing will give you greater-
down to earth-lump in tbroat-
moist eyed emotional happiness.
->/--
PA. DUTCH no. Price of tho aook .. $1.00
Postage prepaid.
CHEST BANK ->/--
Let me suggest that you send
me a postal card stating your
*
$2.00
name and address and just say
send the book. I will send it
Postpa;d to yon right away and will pay

- .. -
cord is double folded and fits into a
white envelope 4 V, x 5 V, inches. The in U. S. A. the postage, too.
inside space is for the message. On
the bock of each cord is printed a Hand Painted in If you like the book when it
recipe or two, such as "Shoo-Fly Pie," Gaudy Dutch arrives, then send me a dollar-
IIHot Bocon DreSSing," "Gremmy's Colors iD cash, check or mODey order
Dunk Coke," etc. The designs are in payment of the book.
adopted from Pennsylvania German
chests, plates and baptismal certifi- *
G. B.
-or-
If you think the book Ia Dot
cates. Price $1.25 a box postpaid. worth ODe of your dollan then
Fenstermacher
simply return the book to me
PAUL R. WIEAND Old Phila. Pike and we will call It .quare.
Allentown, Po. Send for Circulars of Pa. Dutch Gifts R. F. D. No.5
Rurol Route No. 3
Lancaster, Pa. My addreu ' -
HOWARD IIIADIR, r_ple, ...
When ordering, please mention: "I saw your ad in THE PENNSYLVANIA DUTCHMAN"

Folklore Center and You
The Himmelsbrief By DR. WILBUR H. ODA
During the last two world wars the Himmelsbrief-or Letter from Heaven-
has appeared again. frequently. in the United States. In the first war a Lutheran
minister distributed a copy of the Count Philip of Flanders Letter (from now
on we shaJl use the Englis~ ",?rd Letter ~~slead of the German Himmelsbriet)
to each of the young men In his church. Town and Country," a newspaper in
Pennsburg. Pa., on Jul y 26, 1918, mentions the popularity of the Letter, states
that the Magdeburger copy is the most popular and publishes it in its entirety.
At the beginning of the second world
war a Sunday School teacher presented
a Letter to each of his students. A
resident of Jefferson, York County, had
three hundred printed so that he could
give a copy to each soldier in his vi-
cinity. \oVe all know of individuals
who carried one during the entire war.
Even at the present lime framed copies
are occasionally found on the walls
of homes.
Accorrung to H. Stiibe. the German
authority on the subject, tbe Lett("T
is found in more than twenty coun-
tries from India to Iceland. Further
be states that its origin can be traced
back long before the birth of Christ.
In the present article we do not in-
lend to djscuss the origin or the ex-
tent to which the Letter is found in
the rest of the world, we shall simply
describe it as it is found in the United
States.
Although most Letters state that tbey
were sent down by God through one of
his angels (Gabriel, Michael), written
in gold letters at some early date, the
Letter, in its present state, did not
make its appearance until the year
1791. After that date it became very
popular. especiall y in time of war.
As far as we know. John George
Homan introduced the printed Letter
into this country soon after tbe year
1802. This was the welJ-known Grc-
doria Letter of which a few copies are
still in existence. Homan was also
instrumental in publishing the King
Charles Letter which can be found in
a booklet which he advertised in the
Reading "Liberaler Beobachter," June
14, 1842. The book bears tbe imprint,
Gedruckt zu Readin g, Penn. (Printed
in Reading.)
So far the writer has been able to
find eight different kinds of Letters:
I. A Hol y Prayer, Cologne. No date.
2. St. Germain . No date.
3. Count Pbilip of Flanders. No
date.
4. Tbe Lad y Cubass, Mesopotamia.
75 A.D.
5. The King Charles. 805 A.D.
6. The Holstein. 1724.
7. The Seven Hol y Himmelsriegel."
1750.
8. The Magdeburg. 1783.
There are man y variations of the
Letter. I n the above list are included
only those which state that they are
writteD with golden letters and that
they have been sent down by God
through the medium of an ~ngel or.
those th a t contain a paragrapb which
prohibits work on Sunday. etc. Almost
all state that the bearer will be pro-
tected from death and other dangers.
The Cologne Letter
The hol y Prayer which was wrinen
in golden letters at Cologne, originat-
ed, undoubtedly. in the medieval
church . There is no admonition about
working on Sunday. 'Vboever carries
it will be saved from drowning. fire,
pest, lightning and the dangers of
childbirth. This Prafer la ys great
stress on the Trinity, the three wise
men-Caspar. M"eJchior and Baltasar-
and the trio-jesus, Marl' and Joseph.
The St. Germai,Q Letter
The St. Germain Lener was prob-
ably the first printed Letter to appear
in this counlry. As we have said, it
was introduced by John George Ho
man in 1802. Homan states, however,
lhat a written copy was brought to this
country forty-five years before. There
are several variations to this Letter and
Homan published the one sent to Gro-
doria not to St. Germain.
A great many scholars have tried to
explain this word. many believing that
it comes from some expression like
Dco gloria. R . Stiibe thinks that it is
simply a Cabbalistic expression. There
were many such Cabbalistic books in
existence during the middle ages and
one of them, "Salomon is Claviculae,"
was highly regarded by the Ephrata
Brethren in Pennsylvania, for instance.
The earlier copies of this Letter con-
tai ned the usual introductory remarks,
lhen the command about working on
Sunday, sharing your goods with the
poor, etc. A prayer which can be
used at any hour of the day follows.
A long poem which shows the multi-
tudinous difficulties of the Christian
life is appended. The last four lines
follow (literal tran slation):
Dear Jesus in your name
Grant m e a happy life,
Stay with me until the end,
And talte my soul in thy hands.
Late copies omit this poem.
Count Philip Letter
Three copies of the Count Philip of
Flanders Letter were found (there are
many more, of course). One. a type-
written copy, was carried by a soldier
for three years during the last war;
the other was printed a t Easton by \ V.
F. Fuchs. It is also found in the so-
called book of Albertus Magnus. Ac
cordi ng to tradition, this Letter was
common even during the Revolution-
ary War.
It emphasizes the fact that the bear
er will be saved from all manner of
weapons - carbines, daggers. knives.
projectiles - any weapon forged or
'\'Tought since the birth of Christ. This
Letter does not contain the usual para
graph about working on Sunday and
similar admonitions and shows. prob-
ably more than any other. the influ-
ence of the Gospel of St. John.
Lady Cubass Letter
The fourth Letter or the Lady Cu
bass Letter was found eighteen miles
from Iconium seventy-five years after
the Lord's Crucifixion. It was found
under a large stone at the foot of the
cross. Upon this stone was written:
"Blessed is he that shall turn me over."
A little child turned it over and under-
neath was th e Letter written by Christ
and brough t down by the angel
Gabriel.
The Letter states further that it is
in the possession of Lady Cubass of
Mesopotamia. The usual paragraph
about working on Sunday. giving to
the poor, etc., follows.
This is the only Letter wh ich in-
cludes the reply of J esus to King Ag
barus as found in Eusebius' "Ecclesi-
astical History." Sometimes the epistle
of Lentulus to the R oman Senate as
well as a paragraph on the miracles
of Jesus are added.
No copy of this Letter has been
found that was printed or written
in German .
King Charles L etter
One of the most popular Letters is
tbe King Charles. The one that is
usually found was fust published in a
"CoUomanus Buchlein" which is noth-
ing more than a Catholic pra yer book
and was first published about the
year 1725.
It was sen t by Pope Leo to Charles
the Great as he was preparing to go to
war. Although it was chiefly a pro-
teclion against death in waTlime. it
also protected lbe bearer against fire,
drought, pOison and dangers of child
birth, provided it was carried on one's
person and a lso provided five Vater
Unsers and seven Ave Marias were
sa id each day.
One variation in English states that
if it is Jaid on tbe right side of a
new -bo rn babe, the child will not be
When ordering, please mention: "I saw your ad in THE PENNSYLVANIA DUTCHMAN"
Folklore
Questionnaire
''Yhat is traditionally spread on
pannhaws (scrapple) in your family?
On lawsnachts? What drink are laws.
nachls dunked in?
What is the lore about bezoars in
yo ur locality? What is the dialect
word for bewar?
What are kaTTichhoofflecka (ce me
tery spots)? What lore do you know
about them ?
Is the wheelbarrow used in your
section to cure brooding hens?
troubJed with thirty-two misfortunes.
[Wh y 32?J
Holstein Letter
Only two printed copies of the Hoi
stein Letter were found. One was
printed (i n English) at Oley, Pa.,
about 1917, the other copy was print
ed (in German) at Boyertown in the
year 1918.
This Letter states that it was found
in Holstein in 1724, written in golden
letters, etc. Someone tried to seize it
and it disappeared until 1791. If any
one does not believe in i ts power "let
him tie it to the neck of a dog and
shoot at him and he will see that the
Letter is true."
The Frauen Letter
The seventh Letter is said to have
appeared for the first time at Cologne
in 1750. Al l printed copies that are
found today are introduced by "Unserer
lieben Frauen Traum" (Our Lady's
dream). In this dream Mary, tbe mother
of Jesus, sees unfolded before her
the entire life of Jesus, including the
Crucifixion . Then follows the Letter,
the seven words that Jesus spoke on
th e cross and an old Haus-Segen
(House blessing) - the only Letter
which contains a Haus-Segen.
A copy of this Letter has been found
in an old manuscript which was prob-
ably owned by a certain "Doctor"
Daniel Braunmiller who lived near
Lenhartsville, Berks County. It does
not contain the dream. the seven words
and the house blessing.
As far as is known, the last printing
was made about 1917 by J. M. Beaver,
Reading, Pa.
The l'tfagdehurg Letter
The Magdeburger is the most com
mon of all the Letters. It was sent
down in 1783 and contains in modified
form most of the Commandments. One
has been found in Ohio (in hand writ
ing), which states that it appeared
in 1811.
Many late printing> have appeared
recently in Reading. Pennsburg and
Allen town. It was published in Read-
ing about the year 1918 by I. M.
Deaver. Tbis was in English and the
translation was made by Daniel Miller.
the historian and publisher. About
the same time it was printed in "Town
a nd Country; Pennsburg, Pa. The last
known edition was published (in
broadside form) by the Allentown
Morning Call in 1942.
This is the only letter that has been
pubUshed in illuminated form. A copy
in the Berk's Count)' Historical Society
is printed entirely in golden letters.
Copies in gold and blue are often
found.
Dr. Edwin M . Fogel, in an interest-
ing article published in 1908. mentions
Books, pamphlets and autogroph
material relating to Pennsylvania.
Cata logues issued. Send fo r our
latest catalogue of Pennsylvania
books.
George S. MacManus Company
2022 WALNUT ST.
PHILADELPHIA 3, PA.
PAGE THREE
Edited by
ALFRED L. SHOEMAKER
DER GEORGE SPEIZEIGLER By PAUL B. HOlt."'IING
Mohnton
GEORGE SPEIZEIGLER was one of the regulars among the tramps who
stopped 01I at our farm for a nigh!"s lodgiDg in the bam, on his journeys between
Oley Townsbip, Berks County. and the tobacco fields of Lane.."er County, where
each summer he earned his board, dothing and a few dollars. He was a man
of medium height, sallow complexion. blue eyes, shortcropped light hair and
a straggly moustache. His garb always induded a red bandanna around the
neck and light colored trousers. He carried a light pack, was of a jovial dis-
position, but had a nasty temper when aroused.
Upon arriving at our farm, be would
always place his matchbox on the si11
of the "porch window" which was the
designated place for each tramp's
matches. while he lodged in the barn.
He retired early, and usually split a
neat pile of firewood in the morning
after which be would douse his face
in the water trough and then partake
of breakfast and coffee. served to h.im
on the porch bench. He was fond of
bacon (seidaschpeck). His cbaracter
istic "Gudie IVfommy" to any house-
wife giving him a meal is well remem-
bered by all who knew him. He never
failed to share his breakfast with
"Shep our dog, probably a friendly
gesture to ward off future tTouble.
George wore a gold ring and always
carried a gold hunting case watch.
On one occasion he lost a thimble in
some tall grass, and searched for it
for about an hour without success.
He took to the r oad in a rage, but
about two weeks later he returned,
resumed the search, and found his
thimble. Upon finding it he gleefully
hopped about exchtiming. Ich habe
es gefunda, I ch habe es gefunda:
Then ~ one entire summer, George
was missing, and we concluded that he
had met the grim reaper. But, early
the next spring. he reappeared, a
pathetic sight. minus one leg, his face
called them and shunned their com
creased with wrinkles, and his body
weak and bent, He ascribed the loss pan y. UpOD arri ving, he would im
of his leg to a severe fall on some mediately inquire as to tbe last day on
occasions, and to a railroad wreck on which a tramp had slept in our barn,
others. ' Ve never found out which and if less than a week had passed, he
was correct. However, his unquench would not make his bed near the
able spirit and the love for a wander- same spot, because he sajd that most
other tramps had lice.
er's life asserted themselves. and he
made his regular rounds on crutches, One of the memorable things about
for some years. He handled the George was his friendliness to animals,
crutches skillfully and was known to
walk as many as nventy miles in a
day. Even after the loss of his leg, he
would still insist on splitting wood be-
fore accepting breakfast. He sat on a and I shall never forget bis grief. when
low wooden block, and despite his we told him that our dog "Shep,"
handicap he split as much wood as whom be always cal led 'Shabely;' had
many a tramp with two legs. died. No one knows where George's
He was deeply religious, hut had journey ended. but, literally speaking,
little use for other "hoboes" as he he had no dread of going to the dog>.
a Mechelburger Letter. So far the Just remember that the Himmels
writer has been unable to locate a brief, like many other human beliefs,
copy, written, printed or used in this origi~ated hundreds of rears ago (when
country. life was very simple). perhaps in healh
Belief in the Letter en form. These beliefs (Christmas for
In lhis brief outline. the writer bas example) were gradually taken up by
not attempted to express an opinion the medieval church and with a few
of any kind. changes adopted to its own use. Some
Do ),ou believe in the Himmelsbrief? of these it has outgrown. Perhaps the
It really doesn't make much difference Himmelsbrief is one of these.
whether you do or not. Superstition? ' Vhatever we may think, the Him-
Perhaps. All depends on the definition melsbrief still survives and one man
of the word. Some very intelligent that I know is very happy to have a
people call supers titi on nothing but beautiful copy, printed in golden letters,
fossilized religion. hanging from the walls of hjs study.
WEAVER'S FAMOUS LEBANON BOLOGNA
P. O. Box 525 In business since 1885 Lebanon, Pa.
WUNNERBOR
As the Pa. Dutch say. "wunnerbor" or wonderful
We ship individual porcels by mail - send for free Po. Dutch recipes
PAGE FOUR
tn:be
~enlt51'1bania ~ut(bman
Published monthl y
by the
Pennsylvania Dutch Folklore CeDter,
Inc.
Fackenthal Library, Franklin and Mar
shan College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Editors:
DR . AU"RED L . SHOEMAKER
Folklor., Arts, Crafts
DR . DONALD H. YODER
History) Religion, Genealogy
DR . J. WILUAM FREy
Dialect, Literature, Music
Business Manager: J. William Frey
Treasurer: Donald M. Mylin
SUBSCRIPTION RATES: $ 1.50 for the
six iss ues. Nov .. 19(9 . through April.
1950, payable in advance by mail. Make
cbecks payable to the Pennsylvan ia
Dutch Folklore Center, In c. Single
copies: 25c each.
Entered " .. second -class matt er December 9.
1949. :It t he Posl Office at Lan caster, Pa.,
under th e Act o[ March 3. 1879.
SUGGESTIONS WANTED
Since th e in ception of the PENN-
SYLVANIA DUTCH~[A N there has
been some discussion concerning a
craft column for the paper. There are
doubtless large numbers of subscribers
who are interes ted in handcrafts and
would benefit greatly by such an addi
tion. In order to ascertain the wishes
of the subscribers before launching
the column we have decided to call
for sugges tions concernjng the nature
and range of the presentation. It is
obvious that lengthy and intricate
directions such as those to weave a
coverlet would be cumbersome to pre
sent, and are easily available at other
sources, ye t there are some simple
handcrafts whi ch are suited to home
facilities and small workshops which
could appear at the request of a sub-
scriber. Such a plan might eventually
lead to tbe organization of work groups
in certain a rea s where instruction
might otherwise be difficult to obtain.
If )'OU are interes ted in the plan please
send your sugges tions and questions
to Henry 1- Kauffman, in care of The
DUTCH~IAN, and we will try to
meet ) our needs.
GOOD QUESTION
Charlie was a boy in a home where
only Pennsylvania Dutch was spoken.
In the evening after the first day of
school the father said, "Well Charlie,
wic wawr die schuul?"
Answered Charlie. "Ei well, der
teacher hot uns nummera schreiva
macha, un hot uns sacha gfroogt wie
-Was iss Englisch tar hund, katz, to-
gel, beem Ull ann era wallar ~fier
hen's all gewisst-dog, cat, bird, trees."
Charlie was silent for a while. Sud-
denly he turned to his father and serio
ously asked , " I ss der Howard Fogel
aw en birdr" (It so happened Howard
Fogel was a neighbor.)
---------------------------------,
IT'S EASY TO GET THE PENNSYLVANIA DUTCfDlAN[
Just fill out this coupon, cut, and se nd together with $ 1.00 for the
nex t four iss ues Uan., 1950, through April, J 950) to:
The Pennsylvania Dutch Folklore Center, Inc.
Franklin and Marshall College
Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Name
Addsess
Here are some friends who will surely want to subscribe too:
Name .... . ............. _.... _..
Add...,..
L ________________________________ _
Illon't be 50 bopple !
GET A
~enn5p[bania 1Butcb LAPBOARD
FULTON SALES CORP,
Satisfaction Guaranteed
THE FAMOUS STOHLER AX By A. L. S.
John B. Stohler (right) and a neighbor, Harry Sechrist.
An ax is an ax (IS far as most of us are conce rn ed. But not so among the
old timers in northern La ncaster and so uth ern Lebanon countics. H ere it is
a Swhler ax or nothing. Not so either as far as collectors of antiques are con
cerued. as everyone knows who has wirncssed th e spirited bidding for Stohleriana
at country sales.
Some months ago I learned ([rom
whom I don't recall a t the moment)
that th e Stohl er ax was made by John
B. Stohler in a small blacksmith shop
at J ohnstown, in Lebanon County.
No t able to find th e name Johnstown
on the map, I set out in my car to find
it. Afler mu ch inquiring around, I
at last located the place, a village of
two or three houses, between High
Top and Buffalo Springs near Schaef-
ferstown .
To my great disa ppointment, how-
ever, I found the old blacksmith shop
no longer standing. Only a few sto nes
of th e foundation remain to show
where it stood.
I went next door to as k about the
old blacksm ith. Here I met ~[rs. J .
Norman Stohler, whose late husband
was the only son of the old blacksmith .
She direc ted me to her stepson, Lester,
in Schaefferstown , for more informa-
ti on, and to Ro y Kurtz, another of
John B. Stohler's grandchildren .
And from the two grandsons I re-
ceived the information which I here
pass on.
i\'onnan. who lIsed to rub onions all
John B. Stoh ler learned the black
snlith trade from his father. As a
yo ung man he accompan ied a number
of families to th e "Yest, shoeing borses
on the wa ), and repairing the wagons
when n ecessary. The Kurtzes own
a diary their grandfather kept of his
expcriences. but th ey were una ble to
locate it the day I called. There is a
trad ition that the young man acquired
so me land which lay in what is to-
da)' the business section of Denver,
Colorado.
The h ome tics were strong and J ohn
B. Stohler returned East. The young
Na.m e ..................... _. ...
Address
Convenient, lightweight
lapboard of ply gumwood.
Attractively decoroted in
outhentic Du t c h colors.
Old Pe nna. Dutch soyings
to in terest ond amuse. On
reverse side 0 block ond
white checkerboord.
A Delightfully Different
Gift
Size 19"x29"
$6.00
Postpaid
Lancaster, Pa .
When ordering, please mention: "I saw your ad in THE PENNSYLVANIA DUTCHMAN"
Now that you've probably eaten up all the regulaT. Christmas cookies and
goodies that you baked for ~i. season, maybe you 'd like to trY S<>TDe speci:U
Moravia n tempters. along WIth others known throughout the Pennsylv3ma
Dutch couotry.
Beat whites of eggs to stiff froth;
Moravian
Brown Christmas Cakes into this beat. a small quantity at a
time, the sugar and nu ts. Drop with
qt. molasses
lb. butter a spoon on ,M anila paper; place on in-
4 Ibs. flour
verted dripping pan and hake 80 min-
utes in a mod erate oven.
YI cup cream
I lb. granulated sugar
I tablesp. ginger Mandel Spitzen
2 lablesp. cinnamon
I teaspoon cloves
\4 lb. butter
Roll vcry thin , cut in forms and bake.
l4 lb. powdered sugar
4 egg yo lks
1 lb. wheat Oou r
Moravian
3 tablespoons cream
White Christmas Cakes Ru b buuer to cream; add sugar,
I lb. "A" sugar eggs. flour and cream; mix well.
I lb. Hour Sprinkle a litlle Rour and powdered
\4 l b. butter sugar on board and roll dough to l4
4 eggs inch thickness; bake.
2 ta hlespoons sherry Icing-Beat yolks of 2 eggs with 2
Y2 teaspoon cin n amon tablespoons water and add powdered
l4 of a nutmeg grated sugar to thjcken . Blanch and cut fine
man. born on Jul y 15, 1 8~ll , was mar- Cream butter and sugar; add eggs. I lb. almonds. I ce cakes and strew
ried to Amanda \ Verner on Dec. 25. well beaten; then sherry, flour and almonds on top. Set back in oven for
1869. T hese dates are from th e hand- spices. Roll very thin. a few minutes to dry.
illumination of ,V. H enning in the
famil y Bible. J ohn B. Stohler died on Leckerli
Lebkucha
May 6, 1920 a nd is bu ried in the 1\4 qts. table molasses
Sch aeffers town cemetery. 2 oz. butter
2\4 Ibs. Hour
125 grams butler
Perha ps the finest tool that the old oz. saleratus
500 grams honey
ax maker evcr made is a "beisstsang" [ lb. almonds (blanched and
[25 grams nuts (ground)
(pin cers). Lester Stohl er, who owns chopped fine)
3 teaspoons rose water
it, showed it to me. H e says his grand- 1V2 lbs. brown sugar
2 oz. cloves
y, teaspoon baking powder
fath er and another blacksmith from rind of I lemon
Lancastcr Cou nty en tered a co ntest 1 oz. cinnamon
I teaspoon cinnamon
to detcnni ne which of the two could 6 oz. citron (chopped fine)
I teaspoon cloves
make the finer tool. The old ax maker 6 Ibs. Hour
~ teaspoon nutmeg
won with his pincers. which are prob I cup brandy
Melt hon ey in a little warm water:
ably the most graceful and ornamenta l Mix together all ingredients except
mix with butter. Mix soda with rose
pair ever made in Pennsylvania. Tbis flour and brand),. Start adding fl.our,
water. ' Yhen honey is cOol, add rose
is tr ul y a work of art. a little at a time, and work in each
water and soda. Sift together flour and
J ohn B. Stohler spen t most of h is quantity well before adding the next.
spices, then add gradu:Uly to above
time manufacturing axes, although Keep the brandy to use as moistening
mixture. Cover dough and let stand
there are other tools-bu tcheri ng fo rks, as the dough gets stiffer and harder to
in a cool place for 3 dars. Before bak-
adzes, etC.-that bear his name. His handlc. (Us ually a man is pressed into
ing, bring into a warm place for sev
helper, Francis Walder, did the shoe- service for th is job. as real suength is
er:U hours. Roll dough on Homed
ing. The latter hated onio ns. Just required fo r kneading the dough .)
board and cut into whatever shape
the smell of them turned his stomach. Make dough two weeks before it is to
desired. Bake in hot oven, and when
The story goes th at lhe old ax-maker be baked, and set away in a cool place_
finished brush with boney water.
got a great ki ck out of his tricky son, Roll out to Ii i inch thickness and cut
into rectangular shapes abo ut 3 by 4
over th e top of the smithy's anvil. inches. Paint top of each cake lightl y Currant Drops
The odor th a t arose when a hot iron with milk before baking, to give a 0/.1 lb. butler
was h ammered on it used to drive shine.
I lb. pulverized sugar
'Yalder almost to distraction . 5 eggs
Hickory Nut J\.Iacaroons 1 cup so ur cream
3 egg whites 1 teaspoon soda
Roy Kurtz tells me h is grandfalher
cup gra nul ated sugar I lb. currants
cured a broody hen. not by coopi ng
I cup soft "A" sugar [ l b. 2 oz. flour
it up as is normally done, but by tying
2 cups finely chopped hickory Drop from a teaspoon on buuered
it by one of its legs to a fence. (l nllts tins and bake.
wonder whether th is work ed better
lhan th e usual way?)
John B. Stohler's neighbors 'were all
J ohn soa nd -sos. This is the reason
the y natUed th e hamlet Johnstown, I
understand. One of the neighbors
who is still remembered is carpet
weaver J ohn 'Vunderlich, whose ni ck -
name was " Die groossmeindich gelieb-
schaft. " Then . too, there was "Flicker"
(FI rer) Becker, th e tails of whose long
coat lIsed to Hutter noisily in the
mountain wind.
i'\cxt ti me rou pick up an old ax at
""'-"
r+.~~
a sale, look to see if the name John B.
Stohler isn't stampcd on it. If it is
)OU will at leas t know a little something
about another one of our famous Penn-
.,,' .~ .
'i!~,
sylvan ia Dutch craftsmen.
... l'
~tj
THE PAINTED CHAIRS
by Evelyn Behney YORKRAFT
Tim e {lies, or h esitates
tor yo u and me,
l:6
~.
Pennsylvania Dutch...
Greeting Cards and Gift items, for inspiration, draw upon
ill~~
'.~
but tor the paillted chai,'s
that may not ue.
the rich store of folklore and folk-arts of the Pennsylvania 'I
~~,~
~] Dutch who have probably contributed more than any other :' i:7
~l group, to the Early American Folk Arts. - , fp
Birds that have never flown Yorkraft has caught the charm and spirit of their decora- ~ ~
and deathless blooms, :, Il tion and deSign, their quaint speech and humor and the ~ .'
gold leaves are always bright f picturesq ue dress and customs, which still persist in Penn- 1
within th ese )'oo ms. ~
~1.
sylvania and to some extent in other parts of the country
settled hy Pennsylva nia Dutch folks . l!
I
" -.. .,.,. y,::::~,.'~';'~'~';:':-,. . -",
" Yorkroft Boxed Note Cords - Everyday Cords _ Bridge Tollie-s
Slalely th ey wait.
t~ ~~
Th ey wailed j1ca,rs betore,
wilting to embrace those
who came through t.he door.
Calmly 'hey wait.
Etemil), is theirs.
H eart, were )'OU. only wood!
t' 350 South Albemarle St.
A\l\.... . .
. . . . . York, Pa. ~!l
,'I
0, IJoint ed chairs. ~ ..~.~ .~Q.. :1'"V""t.:1 "," ~ ~ . . . ~,1~fP
- . . .,.,.,...~.liiiiItrO'~~~~oG~._:~~ ~ _

The Dutchland - Past and Present
Our Forefathers
Two hundred years have passed
Since first they C3IUC-
Those tap-rools of this clan
, "ho bore Ollr name
From native German soil
To plant it here
Where freedom's noble light
Outshone all fear.
Forged from their parents' might
The children sprang-
Builders. planters, tillers
Of this same
Rich Penns ylvania soil
We hold with pride
As hallowed ground for which
Our fathers died.
When Bri tish tyrants sought
To jeopardize
Th e pri nci ples on whi ch
T hey based th ei r lives,
Our kindred took up arms,
And fought to gajn
The independence th at
' -Ve still retain.
They answered L incoln's call
For volunteers
To mend the Union's break
And bui ld the tjers
Of freedom, equality,
Justice for all.
A nation SO upheld
Could never fall .
Our fathers, brothers, sons
Have seen the pains.
The suffering a nd death
By guns and planes.
They sacrificed that we
Should never feel
The crush of any mad
Dic tator's heel.
May God protect and bless
Our homeland h ills-
The fields of gra in, the streams,
Woodlands and rjlls
Inhabited by us
T ill we shall be
United with the cla n
Eternall y.
\ Vritten for the 200th anniversary of
the arrival of the Hermans (Harmans)
in America.
By Alice Herman,
Espy, Pennsylvania
Dea r Sir:
As a descendant of early Pennsyl-
van ia Dutch pioneers who first settled
in the vici ni ty of "God's Acre" near
Pinedale, Pennsylvan ia; as a once-upon
atime youthful summer vacationist in
the Hegins Valley where I learned to
love the cu lture of my relatives (The
Hu ntsingers) and their valley neigh.
bors; and now as a resident of the
Ci ty of Allentown, one of the grandest
Pennsylvania Dutch cities in existence;
I consider myself fortunate to be listed
as one of your subscribers.
I do not hesitate to confess that I
look forward to the arrival of each is-
sue of your valued publi cation with
eager anticipat ion. I find "The Penn
sylvania Dutchman" fi Jli ng my long-
feit desire for an interesting source of
information on folk lore, history, re-
figion, literature and genealogy of a
people whose culture has contributed
so much to America's grea tness.
Long live "The Pennsylvania Dutch
man" and may your subscription list
grow and grow and grow until it be-
COmes a part of the library of every
family that can look back with pride
upon Penns),lvania Dutch ancestry.
Very trul y yours,
Louis E. Diau.ff,
Adm.inistrative Assistant to the
Superintendent of Schools
SPANGLER'S
ANTIQUE SHOP
516 W. Main St., Ephrata, Pa.
Near the "CWi&ter"-Route 522
Emmanuel Church in Petersville
Has 226th Birthday
By EDWARD J. STEITZ
Bath , R. D. 2, Pennsylvania
The Emmalluel Luth eran and Re-
formed Church, located near Peters-
"ille, Nor thampton County, Pennsyl.
vania, held its annua l Reunion and
Homecoming Celebration on Sunday,
September 4, 1949, with services all day.
The church, founded in 1723, js the
oldest of the Protestant churches in
the Lehigh Valley-even antedating the
Presbyterian Church in the Irish Set-
tlement of 1728 as well as the other
early settlemenLS at the Forks of the
Delaware.
To this spot, long before Muhlen-
berg and Schlatter came to America,
there came Penns ylvania German pio-
neers who brought the Lutheran and
Reformed faith from Europe. The earli-
est pastor was John Egidius Hecl~er,
a Reformed minister and schoolmaster
from Germany, who d ied and was bur
ied here in November, 1773.
From this pioneer congregation in
Moore Township have been organized
the St. Paul's or lndianland Church,
Clifford Mufflley, Bruce ' Vickhiser and
berger, Alben Meches, Herbert Fehnel,
Yo u've never see n anything li ke It I
A min io t ure village in clud ing hundre ds
of ex hibits.
A ma st e rpie ce of me chanical sk ill
and ge nius cove ring 4,28 0 sq. ft . space
and tho lobor of on e man ove r a pe riod
of 4 7 ye ars.
See t he born donee . . . live fi sh . . .
pa rks a nd o t her breath -ta king scenes.
On U. S, Route 22, four miles West of
Homburg, Po.
10 A. M. to 10 P. M . Do ily
Free picniC' Tobles and Por king
RECOM M ENDED AAA A TTRACTION
When ordering, please mention: "I saw your ad in THE PENNSYLVANIA DUTCHMAN"
the Stone Church at Kreidersville, and
Salem or "Big M oore" Church at
Moorestown.
The church was originally called
"The Congregation of German Protes-
tants of the Lutheran and Reformed
Calvinist Persuasions." Later it was
known simply as the " Moore Town-
ship German Church." Several years
ago, both congregations became a char-
tered organi7.3tion and adopted the
present name of "Emmanuel Lutheran
and Reformed Church."
The present edifice was built in
1850. and the interior arrangement,
outside of a few minor repairs, re-
mains as in the original structure. The
present pastors are Rev. R odney S.
Wasser (Lutheran) , and Rev. H oward
D . Clauss (Reformed). The organist
is l\{oullol1 H enninge r.
The Reformed Consistory is made
up of the foHowing: President, Rev.
Clauss: Secretar)" L1ewel )'n A. Kromer,
Jr. (Deacon); Treas"rer, Llo)'d Silfies
(Tntst ee); Elders: William Muffley and
Oliver R ice; Trustee, Franklin Borger;
Deacons: Ha.rold Rice, Herbert Rice,
Edward Borgar.
The Lutheran Council consists of:
President, Rev. ,"Vasser; VicePresident,
Rudolph Schneeberger; SecTetary, Le-
ter H . ~liller; Treasurer, Harvey Milt-
enberger; Councilmen: Harry ~nlten
David Derhammer, Charles Praetorius.
Te le phone Ephra t a 3-2218
c. P. WENGER &. SONS
Man ufacturers of
Lumber Poultry and Stock Feeds
EPHRATA . . . . PENNSYLVANIA
15 N. State St . Royer Bldg.
WARREN ' S SHOES , IN C
Shoes for All the Fami ly
SUNDIAL W ORK SHOES -
MORE DUTCH PLACE NAME
In a former issue of the PENNSYLVANIA DUTCHMAN, we asked our
rcaders to send in local or geographical names in Pennsylvania Dutch. ~Ve were
pleased to receive the following letter from Prof. Herbert H. Btck, 01 Franklin
and Marshall College, Lancaster County, whq tells us about the Dutch place
names in northern La.ncasier County-his home territory. Won't OUT reatkrs
send us th e Dutch placenames from their neighborhoodt-D. Y.
"In answer in your recent inquiry,
the Furnace Hills of northern Lancas-
ter County have within their range
many nam es of Pennsylvania Dutch
origin. I have perpetuated these names
in the publications of the Lancaster
County Histo rical Society.
"They are Cannon Hill or Schtick
Barrick, immediately north of Brick-
erville, named for the salute gun which
Baron Stiegel placed on a tower on its
top to welcome him as he approached
his nearb y mansion in coach and four
with outriders.
"The ravine immediately east of the
Stick Barrick was called the Seegloch-
named for the sawmiU which was there
at one time.
"The long hill east of the Seegloch
was called the Schwartzeechli Barrick,
named for the dominance of black oak.
"Within this same hill was the Hille
Deich, named for the charcoal burners'
huts; Bacra Daw/, named for the black
bear; and Geier Dawl, or Vulture Ra-
vine, named for the Turkey Buzzard.
"East of the Black Oak Hill is an
other named the Kahle Kopp or Bald
Head, named for a patch of open or
barren land along its top.
""Vest of the Schtick Barrick is the
Forge Barrick, named for three forges
which the Hamme.r Creek, along its
western end, operated. The name
Hammer Creek comes from the three
forge hammers, eadl weighing about
500 pounds. which its impounded
waters operated - Upper Hopewell,
Lower Hopewell and Speedwell Forge.
On Forge Barrick is the Adler Kopp~
a rock promontory named, probably
STONEBRAKER FAMILY
Your box item in the Pennsylvania
Dutchman for August 4, 1949, relative
to the Steinbrecher-Stonebraker fam
ilies was noted with interest.
Adam Sto1Jebreaker~ who lived and
died on \Viconisco Creek in Dauphin
Count)', was an ancestor of mine along
the following line:
Adam Stonebreaker
Catilerille Stonebreaker (1774-1845)
John P. A'linger (1802-1873)
Samuel Klinger ( 1824-1903)
John George Klinger (1866-1939)
Harry lVil/iam Klinger (1893- )
According to Dauphin County Deed
Book R I, page 197, he lived in Upper
Paxton Township and his wife's name
was A l111a i\l ar~eta. Also they had
only one child, Catherine. who married
Peter Klinger. The land in question
was warranted to him on April 19,
1773. The deed was written March
IS , 1805.
I do not know when or where he
was born or who his parents were.
Also where he went to church, when
he died or where he is buried, all of
which I would like to know.
Catherine was born on May 3, 1774,
and died on Sept. 21, 1845. She mar
ried Peter Klinger who was born on
Nov. 3, 1773, and died on August 10,
1858. Both are buried at Klinger's
Church in L ykens Township, Dauphin
Count)'.
- H. W. KLINGER
2321 Lincoln Road, N. E.
' Vashington 2, D. C.
Office and Plant : 27 E. Ma in St.
Coal
Eph ra ta, Pa.
U. S. RUBB ER FOOTWEAR
PAGE FIVE
Edited by
DON YODER
erroneously, for the bald eagle.
"West of the Forge Barrick is the
Jeisseechli Barrick, a long hill with a
dominance of white oaks. At the base
of this, is the Kessel or Keltle; within
it, the fVelsch-Hinkel De;ch or Turkey
Ravine, named for the wild turkey;
and tbe Hirsch Dawl or Dur Valley,
named for the deer. In its rear to the
north is the Felsa Barrick or Rocky
Hill.
"Along the Hammer Creek, at the
Speedwell Stock Farms, there is a
Luder Loch, where dead animals used
to be thrown, unless they were taken
away by the local Schinnerhannes. This
name, Butcher John. was always ap-
plied to a man who worked up the
carcasses of dead animals. When I
was a boy at Lititz, there was a Lititz
Schinnerhannes and a Manheim Schin-
nerhannes.
"When I was a youth, in the saddle.
foxhunting with the Nasingen: and the
Keeners in the Furnace Hills, I was
baffled for a time when one of the
party would yell , "Driwa gehl der
Fux am Schtick Barrick!" (" Over there
goes the fox by the Schtick Barrick!")
Looking up the word in a German
dictionary, 1 found that Stueck was a
piece of artillery, whence, of course,
Cannon Hill.
"Cannon Hill today is a lasting mon-
ument to the baronial pomp of the
meteoric career of Henr y William
Stiegel~ the colonial ironmaster and
glassmaker."
- Dr. Herbert H. Beck
Franklin and Marshall College
Lancaster, Pennsylvania
TROXELL OF J\1AR1'LAND
Mrs. William G. Buckey, of 1305
Northview Road, Bal timore (18), Mary.
land, is a descendant of Johannes and
Maria (Roth ) DrachseI, now Troxell,
who came to America in 1737 and set-
tled jn Lebigh County, Pa. His son,
Johann Peter Dracruel, aged 19 when
the famil), arrived in 1737. took over
his father's land at his death in 1755.
Johann Peter had two wives: (I) Anna
Barbara Saeger, and (2) lIlaria 1lI%.
dalena Schreiber.
Mrs. Buckey is a descendant of Eliza -
beth Traxel (1766-1805), the youngest
daughter of the second wife of Jobann
Peter Drachsel. The family came to
Frederick County, Md., in 1777. The
gravestones of Johann Peter and Mag-
dalena are still standing south of Em-
mitts burg in the old Toms Creek
Lutheran Cemetery. Elizabeth, their
daughter, married Peter Krise (1763-
1830). fI'ho else is working on the.se
families~
HAAS FAMILY
\ Vho can send us the ancestry of
Jacob Hnas, born November 11, 1817,
son of Abraham and Hanna (Schmidt)
Haas, of near Selinsgrove, Sn yder
County, Pa.? Mr. Robert C. Haas, of
Box 419, Plymouth , Ohio, is a great
grandson of Jacob Haas. and has his
baptismal certificate.
FICK FAMILY
From the newspaper, Chronicle Of
the Times (Reading, Pa.), 'Vednesday.
August 6, 1823, comes the following
obituary: "Died on Thursday last, in
Alsace Township. GODFRlED }-ICK,
a native of Germany and a soldier of
the Revolution , in the lOist year of
his age leaving behind bim 6 children,
to grandchildren, and 45 great grand.
ch ildren." Our informant states that
according to famil)' tradition. he was
fr om Ule vicinitr of Hof, Saxony, now
Bavaria, and according to the ship lists
of emigrants e.ntering the Port of Phil-
adelphia , he was born in 1731."
..: "Cc ~ ""
 PAGE SIX
Is Your Name "Dulchified"? By DON YODER
No, don't hurl that brick yeti I do not mean this as an insult to the family
name you bear. I ask simply, has your name, in the two centuries since your
Pennsylvania Dutch emigrant ancestors settled in America, been changed in
spelling so U,at it sounds like they pronounced it in tile dialeclr
For many years I have been study
ing Pennsylvania Dutch surnames. In
the few general articles published on
Ollr names, these changes in spelling
3re usually labeled as an "anglicizing"
or "Americanizing" process.
For instance, Hermann Schuricht,
of Cobham, Virginia, published an ar
ticle on Virginia names in The Penn
sylvania German, Volume XII (1911),
pages 305-306. His opinion of the
change is plain from the liUe he chose
for his article; IIAnglicized and COT~
ru.pted German Names in Virginia."
Among the examples he gives of "an-
gliciz.ing" and "corruption" arc the
changing of HERR to HARR, MERTZ
to MARTZ, NEUBERT to NIGH
BART, REIMANN to RAYMAN , and
GOETZ to GATES.
What I am trying to point out is
that these Dew spellings reflect not
an anglicizing (a lurn of the German
Dames into an English or American
form), bUl a dialecling or "Dutchify
ing" of the names. The immigrants
and Uleir descendants simply learned
to spell thejr surnames as they them-
selves pronounced them. Take the
German surname HIRSCHBERGER,
for e.'l:ampIe. In Pennsylvania. it was
pronounced by those who spoke Penn-
sylvania Dutch, "HARSHBARGER,"
and so it came to be spelJed that way.
As will be seen from this example.
as well as from the list which I give
later on, our family names bear the
same relation to their "High German"
forms as do many of our dialect words.
Tbus "HIRSCH" (deer) was pro
nounced in the djalect, "HARSCH"
or "HASCH"- so "HlRSCKBERGER"
became "HARSHBARGER."
Our chief authority on Pennsylvania
German family names, Oscar Kuhns,
seems to have approached this conclu-
sion. but nowhere states it outright.
In his "Studies in Pennsylvania Ger-
man Family Names," in Americana
Germanica, Volume IV (1902), pages
299-341, also published in part as an
appendix to his German and Swiss
Settlements of Colonial Pennsylvania
(New York: Henry Holt 8: Co., 1901 ),
Kuhns states that .. there were three
ways in which the change of names
took place: first, by translation [e.g.,
ZIMMERMANN to CARPENTER);
second, by spelling German sounds ac
cording to English metbods [e.g.,
THEISS to TICE) ; and third, by
analogy [e.g., REICHERT to RICH-
ARDS)." His chjef emphasis is on the
anglicizing of the spelling, as in the
changes J lo Y, AU to OU, elc.
The places in his treatise from
which he might have inferred that the
process was a dialectizing of the names
(although he indudes them under his
Iirst point, that of the anglicizing
process) are the following. He sug
gests, for instance, that the Immigrant
Clerks' lists "throw a greal deal of
light on the pronunciation of the
names by the immigrants themselves."
In discussing names in EI, giving
snch examples as the change from
THEISS to TICE (simpl y an angliciz
ing process), he adds finaUy "The Penn
sylvania Germans, howe\/cr, pronounced
ei as Eoglish a, and thus we find the
names SAILOR (SEILER), GRATY
(K.R.EIDIG), HAlLMAN (HEILMAN),
ESPENSHADE (ESPENSCHEID)."
W ANTED-copy of
ROSENBERGER
and
SWARTLEY
FAMILY mSTORY
by Rev. A. J. Fretz
Francis Coleman Rosenberger
509 Fontaine Street
Alexandria. Virginia
Speaking of Families ....
AJso, he notes that "one of the most
interesting of all these changes is that
of er to ar, thus illustrating a phe-
nomenon common to all languages,"
for which he gives such examples as
the Latin merc3ntem to Frencb mar-
chand, English Clerk to Clark, and
German GERBER to GARBER.
Other changes he mentions, all in-
cluded in his section on anglicization,
are OE to E, as in DOERR to DERR;
UE to EE, as in KUEHLE to KEELEY;
UE 10 I, as in BUETTNER to BIT
NER; PF to P, as in KOPF to KOPP;
and B to V, as in HUBER to HOOVER.
I therefore submi t the following list
of "Dutchified Surnames," hoping they
wilJ be of use to our dialect scholars.
I have not attempted to exhaust the
suppl y of names thus changed, but
have listed only names with which I
h a\'e come in co ntact.
The areas where the names can be
found are suggested in the parentheses
fol1owing the n ames. A few in this
list are -the result of a recent trip
lhrough Berks, Schuylkill, Dauphin,
and Northumberland Counties, where,
in "isiting some of our older ceme-
teries, I took particular notice of the
name changes. Often in the same
cemetery, tombstones stand side by
side bearing the "High German" and
the " Dutchilied" forms of the name as
for example HERTLEIN and HART
LINE in the Oley Reformed Cemetery
at Spangsville, Berks County.
VOWEL CHANGES
(I) "A" to "0"
SPAHN to SPOHN
SCHRADE to SHRODE
HALDIMANN 10 HOLDEMAN
(Schuylkill County)
GRAFF to GROVE (Centre County)
MAS (S)ER 10 MOSER
RAHN to RHONE (Centre County)
FAHRNI to FORNEY
(York County)
KALCKLOESER to COLCLESSER
(Blair County) and COLCLAZER
(Michigan)
(2) "AU" lo "AA"
KAUHIANN to COFFMAN
LA UFFER 10 LA WFER
(3) "AU" to " 0"
VAUDRIN to WOTRING (Lehigh
Counly) to WOODRING (Centre
County)
STAUFFER to STOUFFER and
STOVER (Juniata County)
(1) " E" to "A"
ROMBERGER to RUM BARGER
(Centre County)
BERGER to BARGER
(Blair County)
HERNER to HARNER
(Schuylkill County)
HERBSTER to HARPSTER
(Centre County)
HERZOG to HARTSOCK
(Washinglon County, Maryland)
LE NTZ to LANTZ (Blair County)
BERNHART to BARNHART
SPENGLER to SPANGLER
(York County)
(5) "EI" ("EY") to "01"
HIGH (originally HOCH) to HOY
(Berks and Centre Counties)
MEYER to MOYER (Berks County)
BEYER to BOYER
(Montgomery County)
REIHER 10 ROYER
(Monlgomery County)
ABEL FAMILY. Originally set-
tl ed in Lower Windsor Twp.,
York Co., Pa., about 1754.
Would appreciate any data on
oTiginal George Abel, John
Abe l and Abel girls, apparently
their sisters, who married Lorei
(Lorah), D eb, Schonberger,
H eltzel, 5~'60. Will recipro -
cate on data. H. E. Weibmiller,
537 Standard Oil Bldg., Wasb-
ington 1, D. C.
Wben ordering, please mention: "I saw your ad in THE PENNSYLVANIA DUTCHMAN"
Edited by
DON YODER
SINGLEY FAMILY RUBINCUIREVERCOMll
EYSTER to OYSTER
(Berks County)
SCHREYER 10 SCHROYER
(Northumberland County)
Maurice Singley, of Delano, Pa .
wTites that his great.grandfather, Jacob
Singley, enHsted in the Revolutionary
MillOO Rubincam, of 6)0) Twenti.
eth Avenue, Green Meadows, Hyatts-
ville, Maryland, a native of Philade).
(6) " EU" to ("AEU', to "EI" army in 1782, and served on the fron phia and [oTmerly President of the
KREUZER 10 KREITZER tier. His residence was Lehigb Town- National Genealogical Society, of
(Schuylkill County) ship, and la ter in Penn Township, Washington, D. C., requests data on all
KREUZ to CRITES Northampton County. In 1902 he reo branches of the RUBINCAMREVER.
(Lycoming County) moved from Penn Township to near COMB famjly of Pennsylvania and
KRAEUTLER to KREIDLER Mainville, Columbia County, Pa. His Virginia.
(Berks County) son, Lawrence Singley (180()"'1897), Johann Philipp Ruebenkam (1670-
BAEUMLER to BIMELER moved in 1842 to North Union Town 1725), paslor of Wanfried, Hessen
(7) "I" to "A" ship, Schuylkill County. Who has ad RheinfelsWanfried, from 1698 lO 1716,
HIRSCHBERGER to HARSH ditional in/ormalion on this family? was descended from an old family of
BARGER (Blair County) I II'
H essian scholars and theologians. Soon
HIRTZELL to HARTZELL NOLL FAMILY after his dea.th, his widow, Margaretha
(Adams Counly) R. N. Noll, of 922 E. Rittenhouse Catharina Ruebenkam, whose maid.en
(8) "I" 10 " E" name is unknown , came to America
St., Philadelphia (38), Pa., wants in
PFIRSCHING to PERSHING format jon on the Noll Family. His and settled in BTistol Townshjp, Phila.
(Western Pennsylvania) grandfather, George Noll, lived just delphia County, Pa., where she died
(9) "OE" to "E" in May, 1727.
outside of Millersburg, Dauphin Coun-
HOEPPLER to HEPLER (Lehigh They had seven children: (I) Fried.
ty, Pa., at a place caUed Killinger. Is
and Schuylkill Counlies) rich Wilhelm Ruebenkam, born before
there any connection between him and
GOETZ to GETZ and GATES 1698, di ed 1736, apparently unmarried;
the emigrant, Haw; George Noll, who
(Centre Counly) (2) Catharina Juliana Ruebenkam, born
arrived at Philadelphia on the Sillp
(10) "EU" to "E" 1703, married Jacob Colladay and was
Loyal Judith , Seplember 25, 1732, and
ZUERICHER to ZERCHER the ancestor of the Colladay, Meng,
who evidently settled in the vidnity
(Lancaster County) Ogden, Fagan and other families; (3)
of the Trappe Church in Montgomery
( II ) "UE" to "IE" Justus lVilhelm Ruebenkam (1705-
Count)'?
KUEHBACH to KEBOCH
(Dauphin County)
--------~ ...
~.---------
1768), married, first, Katharine Can.
reds, and seco nd , Susannah Ritten-
WEIDJ\lAN FAMILY
(12) "UE" to "I" house, and was the ancestor, through
Russell Wideman, Travel Agent, of
GUENGERICH to GINGERICH the second wife, of the famil y w!Lich
Markham. Canada, desires information
(Lancaster County) founded the Rubicam Busin ess School
on his Pennsylvania Dutch ancestry.
BUECHSLER TO BIXLER in St. Louis in 1892; (4) Karl Wilh elm
His ancestor, Rev. H enry W eidman,
NUESSLI to NISSLEY Ruebenkam (1707-1748), marr ied Bar
born either in Bucks, Berks or York
(Lancaster County) bara Rittenhouse and was the ancestor
County, Pa ., in 1757, came to Canada
DUESSINGER to DISSINGER of the REVERCOMll family of Vir
arou nd 1803, and became the second
U. CONSONANT CHANGES Mennonite minister at Markham. His ginia. ' Vest Virginia, Ohio, and Cana-
son, Christian JVeidman, was born da, the RUBENCAME famil y of Dela-
( I ) "B" to "V"
1782, and came to Canada in 1804. ware, the RUBINKAM famil), of Bucks
GRUBER to GRUVER
IVho can help us outl County Pa., and Chicago, and the
(Blair County)
RUBINCA~IRUBICAM family of
GERBERICH to GARVERICK III I
Pennsylvania, Ohio, nlinois. etc.; (5)
(Blair County) Rupp's Immigrants
Anna Catharina Ruebenkam ( 1709-
EBI to EVEY (Lancaster County) ~rany of our readers wrote us in re-
1770), married John Wister and was
EBERHART 10 EVERHART gasd to the famous book on names of
the ancestor of the distinguished Wis.
HEBERLING to HEVERLING German and Swiss emigrants to Amer-
ter family of Philadelpllla, the Phila
HAEBERLE 10 HEVERLY ica, compiled by Israel Daniel Rupp
delphja branch of the patrician Meyer
GERBER to GARVER in the Nineteenth Century. This is
von Schauensee family of Switzerland,
(Blair County) entitled A Collection of Upwards of
and a branch of the princel y Roman
(2) "Ctt to "K", "K" to "G" Thirty Thousand Names 0/ GeTman,
house of Lante della Rovere; (6)
GINTNER to KANTNER Swiss, Dutch, French and Other Immi-
Johanna Catharina Ruebenkam, born
KINSEMER to GENSAMER grants in Pennsylvania from I7'7 to
1711; and (7) MargaTetha Catharina
(Centre County) I776. The copyrigh t at present is
Ruebenkam, born 171 3.
KREIDER to GREIDER owned by Leary's Book Store, Ninth St.
The RUBENCAMP famil y of New
(Lancaster County) below Market, Philadelphia, Pa. If
York, which seltled in this country
KRESS to GRESS
the book is still in print, copies can be
(3) Swiss "IKER" to Palatinate about 1860, is descended from Johann
obtained there.
"INGER" Georg Ruebenkam, died 1681 , Burgo
Our readers who are anxious to
DAENDLIKER lO DENLINGER master of 'Vanfried and uncle of the
search for their ancestor"s Dames in
(Palatinate and Lancaster County) abovenamed Pastor Johann Philipp
these lists of emigrants, should pref- Ruebenkam.
HUNSICKER to HUNTZINGER
erably use the new edition of the lists.
(Schuylkill County) Interested readers may find detailed
transcribed from the German by Prof.
NAFZ (I)GER to NAFTZINGER information on the famil y's Hessian
William J. Hinke, Ph.D., and pub
(Berks County) ancestr y in tbe following artides by
lished in three volumes entitled Penn-
[Later Amish immigrants in Ohio and Mr. Rubin cam: "The German Back-
sylvania German Pioneers, by the
elsewhere spell this name "Noffsker"] ground of the RubincamRevercomb
Pennsylvania German Society. The
(4) " IG'" to "ICH" Family of Pennsyl"ania and Virgirua,"
first of these three volumes contains
NEIDIG to NEIDICH The American Genealogist (January.
lhe English transcription of all lhe
BOLIG to BOLICH 1939); "The Family of Jacoh Rever
names in the original manuscripts.
(Schu ylkill County) comb. the First of the Race in Vir
The second volume contains photo-
(5) "P" to "n", "n" to "P" ginia," T yler's Quarterly Historical and
graphic reproductions of each page of
Genealogical Magazine (October, 1938);
PRESSLER to BRESSLER manuscript, so that you can see just
"A Hessia n Pedigree: Crollius of Mar
(Schuylkill County) how you r ancestor wrote. The third
burg," The American Genealogist (April.
BITSCHE to PEACHEY volume contains the complete index
1945); "Notes on tbe Croll and Gleim
(Mi min County) of all the many thousands of names.
Families,.' Genealogy t History, Item
(6) "PF" to "P" Copies of the Pennsylvania German No. 1788, Seplember 15, 1940; and
PFIRSCHING to PERSHING Pioneers can be found in most librar- "Gleim (G lieme, Glime, Glyme) of
(Wes tern Pennsylvania) ies in Eastern Pennsylvania, or can be
Eschwege." Genealogy h History, Item
STUMPF to STUMP purchased from the Pennsylvania Ger- r<o. 13424, ~Iarch , 1949.
PFISTER to FEASTER man SOCiety.
(Bedford County) ...
PFEFFER to PEPPER (7) "r to "D" FAHRINGER FAMILY
(Philadelphia) TRESSLER to DRESSLER
"The Fahringer Clan in this coun- .
PFALZGRAF to POLSGROVE JOTTER to YODER (Berks Counly)
try," writes iHrs. Auby11t! E. Umholtz
PFAELZER to PELZER RAUTENBUSCH to ROUDEBUSH
PFAEFFLI 10 PEFFLEY of Fort Ellsworth, Alexandria, Va.,
(Bedford County)
PFAFFENBERGER to POFFENBERG. "dates back 10 1774, when Harmon
III. INTERPOLATED SYLLABLES
ER (Schuylkill and Juni ata Coun.
Fahringer arrived at Philadelphia. Two
MUENCH to MINNICH
ties) of Ills brotheTs settled in Lehigh Coun
(Schuylkill County)
PFLENSBACH 10 FLINCHBAUGH ty. while Harmon went to Columbia
GOERG to YEARICK
(York Cou nty) County. Pa." Mrs. Umholtz is work-
(Cenlre County)
ing on Ihe history of the Fahringer
and Umholtz families. and wants ad-
ditional information.
FOR SALE
Knauss, Knouse, Knause, Knouss, Knaus Genealogy:
...
DlSLER FAMILY
Lukas Knauss (1633- 1713) and his American De-
scendants. Cloth bound. 1930. 250 pages. . . .. $4.00 ]. L. Robinson, of 921 E. Bridge St.,
The Genealogy of the Boehm Family. Bound with Plainwell, Michigan, writes that be is
history of Apple's Ch urch. 1909. 154 pages ... $1.00 working on the Dis/ers, h is mother's
family. They settled in Berks. Lan
The Scotch-I rish of Northampton County, Pa. 1926. caster, York, .M ontgomery, and Leba
Cloth bound. 594 pages. ............ ...... $3.00
non Counties, Pa., and. emigrating to
Address: Ohio. sellled in Stark, Sandusky, u.m-
WILBUR L. KIN C mit. " "arne, Erie, Franklin. and Fair
417 First Avenue Bethlehem, Pa. field Counties. Who is U!orking on
til is 'amilyl

NAWMA-name HElM-home
Kannscht Du Deitsch Schwetza?
KATZ-cat BEn-bed
The Moravian Christmas Putzby Dr. George E. Niu.scbe
[Adapted from a wellwritten and excellently illustrated article in 1Iol. Six
of the Ye:ubook of the Pennsylvania German Folklore Society.]
The wordPutz, used to designate a Christmas decoration, probably was
first employed by the Pennsylvania Dutch and Moravians more than a hundred
years ago. The word. of course, came from the old German word "putzen,"
meaning to adorn, to decorate, to dress up. to put in order, or to clean and
polish. Since the word Putz is definitely used by the Pennsylvania Dutch to
designate a certain type of Christmas decoration, and since it has been largely
confined to Pennsylvania Dutch com-
munities, irs development into its pres-
eDt form, or rather, the form it has
taken in such communities during the
last two centuries, seems to make it
justifiable for us to speak of it as a
Pennsylvania Dutch custom or tradi
tion. However. I shall also try to
trace its origin, its counterparts in
other sections, its influence on similar
customs, its adaptation by others than
the Pennsylvania Dutch; and finally,
the migration of the Putz to other sec-
tions. Some Pennsylvanians who have
left the land of their birth are, of
course, responsible for some of this
migration and adaptation. For many
generations outsiders who have visited
Pennsylvania Dutch communities dur
iog the Christmas season have greatly
admired Puues, have become inspired
with the beautiful spirit and religious
feeling which the Putz portrays, and
therefore have been infiuenced to build
similar Putzes in their own homes.
It might be well here to attempt to
describe briefly what a Putz is as
known among the Pennsylvania Dutch.
While Putzes may differ widely from
each other in conception and especial-
ly in construction, practically all of
them include an imp rovised stable or
cave in which are housed the Christ
Child in a manger, with Mary. his
mother, leaning over her child, and
Joseph standing by. Some include no
other scene, except a general land-
scape, while others depict one or more
of the various episodes connected with
the birth of J esus. Among these are
the sbepherds watching their sbeep by
night; the announcing angel; the Holy
THEY'RE CLEVER
CHECK OR MONEY ORDER
ROBERT EMIG PRODUCTS
206 FRANKLIN ST.
Ans KELLERS BARBER SHOP
DENVER, PENNA.
kann mar aw lektrik efta, frigerators,
wesch-maschiena un aw Philco radios
kawfa. Frie mariyets odder schpoot
oovets - Siss ebber datt!
FIESS-feet
NIX-nothing KOPP-head
Family in the stable; shepherds com-
ing to worship; the three wise men
traveling over the desert; tbree kings
from the Orient preceded by the Star
of the East; the flight into Egypt, etc.
The heavenly hosts are usually woven
into many of these episodes. Of course,
any of these scenes, as well as their
settings. enable the Putz builders to
employ many mediums as well as a
great variety of landscapes. It is some-
what amazing how Putzes can differ
from one another. The landscape crea-
tions of the builders vary from the
very simplest to the most elaborate
productions. Miniature figures of ani-
mals, as welJ as groups of animals,
canings of men and women, in bTil
]iant oriental costumes, are skilfully
distributed over the landscape, as they
roam over improvised fields. moun-
tains and rocks, and through valleys
and ravines; lhen there are the cus-
tomary desert and sand dunes. with
camels and their riders artistically sil-
houetted against the horizon, while
others are crossing the desert near by.
There are interesting reproductions of
lakes, caves, rivulets, waterfalls, crags,
mountains, hills, fields. villages with
lightedup churches, castles and a va-
riety of houses and shelters. Practi-
caUy all Putz builders use moss, wbich
is collected during the fall. stored in a
cellar, and watered frequently to keep
it fresh and green. Such moss covers
most of the platform. Gnarled stumps
of trees form one of the principal
mediums for producing various land-
scape effects. Sometimes a whole room
is used, sometimes half of a room, and
occasionally the corner of a room.
Some builders use the fioor for their
landscapes, and others a platform low
and
Collectors
Want
Them!
Miniature Pot-belly Stove Salt
and Pepper Shakers in metal.
Boxed in poirS. Corked bot-
toms. One shiny block, one
ivory, in each set. 2 3,A" high.
Set
Postpaid
$1 00
NO STAMPS PLEASEl
READING, PA.
When ordering, please mention: "I saw your ad in THE PENNSYLVANIA DUTCmlAN"
SCHOOSS_lap BUUVA-boys
HUND-dog
enough to enable children to see the
Putz without too much effort. The
walls of tbe room, especially around
the Putz, are covered Wilh fir and
spruce branches, and some times
trimmed with ligh ts, candies, fruits,
cookies and ornaments. Such trim-
mings are never used as extensively or
as thickly as they are on the usual
Christmas tree. The object is to have
lhe evergreens cover tbe walls. Some
greens are also allowed to curve over
part of the Pun to form a ceiling.
Occasionall y a builder will construct
a curved starlit canopy over the Putz,
letting the evergreens, mosses , and
landscapes blend into it. When an
entire room is used, transparencies,
with Bible quotations, frequently
appear in the windows. In fact. there
seems to be no limit to the ingenuity
of the Putz builder. The Putz is mOTe
or less an evolution, and there are no
rules or regulations as to what it
should or should not include, except
that it is universally understood tbat
everything should be built around the
nativity scene, which naturally is the
principal and most important feature
of every Putz.
There have been attempts to stand-
ardize the Pun. but all such efforts
have met with little enthusiasm and
no success. In other words, it seems
to be perfectly proper for any Putz
builder to employ any medium he
sees fit, or to use such material as he
may have at hand. and which his
fancy may suggest or his pocketbook
can afford. While proper proportions
of figures and material may be desir-
able, they are of secondary importance.
and most Putz builders act accordingly.
After alt, it is the Christmas spirit and
the story of the birth of Jesus which
most creators of Puues tTy to portray
as vividly and as impressl\'ely as the
materials available will permit.
ANNOUNCING-
a rore book
"THE HOUSE OF DERR"
Prospectus free. Write:
J. F. SPEARS
Robesonia, Pa.
WANTED
Early Historical Data on
the Boughter (Buchter)
(Bouchter) family.
Write
George N. Boughter
Box 29, Bellefonte, Pa.
PAGE SEVEN
HAUS_house DEITSCH_Dutch HOI-h y
Edited by
1. WILLIAM FREY
TSWEE-two IVVER.- over WASSEl-water
DIE NACHT FAR GRISCHTDAWG
by C. C. Moore
ivversetzt beim Solomon DeLong ("Obediah Grouthomd,,)
Es wawr die nacht (ar Grischtdawg, wie darrichs gaDS baus,
Nix bot sich ferreegt, net a mool en maw;
Die scbtrimp wawrn am scharnscbtee in roia uIf kenkt,
In der hoffning der Belsnickel en yeeders beschenkL
Die kinoer wa wrn all am scblooIa im bett,
Mit schpielsach un candy wawm (oil ier kepp;
Ich un die Mam, schleeferich, die arvet all gedou,
Suchden unser bett lar nootwendicbi ruu.
Wie en groosses gerabbe1 wawr {anna im boof,
Uo ich schpring u1f, baut halver im schJoof,
Un schpring hie am (enscbder wie der blitz,
Hab uIf gmacht der shutter, un sett mich uIf der silL
Der mond scheint 50 hell uIf em frisch gfallna schnee,
Macht all"" ..ie da wg - so bell un so schee.
Was ich gseena hab, lecbert mich tsum (enchplidda,
Acht gleena harsch, ei gscbpannt, pawrweis im fiCblidda;
En gleener alter fuurmann, so barrlich un dick,
Es wawr mitt gam glawr, es muss sei der SL Ni~
So gschwind wie en awdler, do kumma sie gerennt,
Er hanst un peift wie er all itt nawma neont;
"Now Dasher! Now Dancer! Now Prancer! Now Vixin!
"On Comet! On Cupidl On Dunner un Blittenl
''Grawd ouJI WI die porch, no Duff u.fIs bausdach,
"Git upt Now gil up, mit all unsenn sach."
Wie tsu darra bledder, gedrivva fum wind,
Die beiser un scheiera ken hinne:ro.i5 sin.
So acht gleena harsch, mit fuurmann un all ier saw
Sin gejumpt, wie dana bledder, u1fs bausdacb.
Nau uIf em dacb wawr en grooss gerabbel,
Die b:usch hen gedanst un es wawr en gebabbeL
Nau wi.e's (en.schder ich mach tsu, un tsieg mich tserick,
War L-ummt runner der scharnscbtee as wie der SL Nick!
Sei dress wawr wie en bets, fum kopp bis tsum Cuws,
Sei kapp un sei dress wawr mit escb un foil ruuss;
Sebpielsach un candy nao hot er im sack,
So harrlich, er guckt wie en peddler mit seim pack.
l\lit awga so harrlieb, er wawr suppel wie en harsch,
SO backa wie roosa, sri naws wie en karsch;
Sci siesses glee maul, wie en booga so schee,
Sei bawrt in seim gsicht, so weiss wie der schnee.
En katzi schmookpeif bot er tswischa da tsee,
En pufft un er schmookt un kann net runich schtee;
Er hot eo breet gsicht, un eo glee.ner runder bauch,
Der schiddelt wann er lacbt, wie imIner sei gebraucb.
Er W3l'tT dick un Wal'.T fett -guutu alter karl,
Ich bab gelacht ien tsu seena, er gockt wi. en bar!.
Er schiddelt sei kopp un "inkt mit seim awg,
Ich wawr gawr net bang - so wawr as ich sawg.
Er schwetzt ken laut watt, avver geet grawd an die schtrimp
Un fillt sie foll sach; no dreet e.r sich gschwind,
Un leegt sei finger gra wd wedder sei na ws,
Un geet der scharnscbtee nulf so gscb"ind wie en haws.
Er schpringt in sei fiCblidda - er meint yo ken wedder,
No (awrt er grawd (au so leicht wie en (edder,
Ivver em fa"Ta hot er geruufa un hanlich gelacbt:
''Merry Christmas tsu all, un tsu all a guut nachtt"
Child's Dutch bench 6eC'Oroted by 0
Pennsylvania Dutch artist. A wonder-
ful nice gift. By mail, $2.70. Child's
name painted on seot 60 cents extro. Pebllsvlvania-l>u-fch
Write for circular describing other pieces.
WESLEY-NORTH EIMER
filii/tie Gate.."
,"",OVLTY ~
, R~OROS I
17 PARKWAY - COATESVILLE, PA.
~ ~
I.t
~i+" !141t.. ~1.i~'
(E .... ,.h .vuslom
Price $1 each
I,
Read the review in this peper. No.2,
page 6. then send for a copy- You'll
'
MaJ Ot-d.,. Protnpl'"
Lauah When You Heu " Sprihiq:
'illcd
tbe Gra..," and (aD other mde) ''In the
THE FAMED MARKETS
OF LANCASTER
32 pages-SOc postpa1d
Chic.keuyard. ..
AD-CRAFT
3 East Walnut Street Lancoster, Po.
M. LUTHER HEISEY
237 N. Lime St. Lancaster, Pa.
PENNSYLVANIA DUTCH
BARN SYMBOLS
A collection of 12 informal notecords
with outhentic ba rn symbols sketched
from barns in Northampton, Lehigh,
Berks and Lancaster Counties. These
colorful designs ha ve been used for many
generations by the Pennsylvania Dutch as
a decorative note on their very fine barns.
The painted symbols themselves stand for
quotations from Christ rich in religious
meaning and not as "hex signs" to keep
the evil-spirits away. These same designs
are to be found on old dower chests
Bibles, birth certificotes, etc., and a~
very fine examples of Pennsylvania Dutch
folk art. They ma ke an excellent col-
lectors' i tern.
HS-l00
Retail $1.00 per box (postpaid)
from the
BETTY SIEDEL STUDIO
Cherryville, Pa.
(Sorry, No C.O.D.'s)
PAGE EIGHT
r--------------------------------------------------,
FREY'S PENNSYLVANIA DUTCH GRAMMAR I
I
I
The Dulch in Word and Song LESSON TWENTY
Let's review our prepositions!
I
I
Edited by J. William Frey o In Lesson Nineteen we reviewed the prepositions in Pennsylvania Dutch
govern th e DATIVE case and introduced those which lake the ACCUSATIVE
may take either of the twO cases, depcndl.ng on wh:tber the verb shows a ,state. of
which always
case alone,. or
res.t or motJon
I
I
I
toward the object. The sentences supplIed for dnl1 should look somethIng like thlS:
I
I
Geescht Du Week Fun De", Fenschder!!
~ 1. Sic hocka im haus, .wver sic geet im haus. 2. Er bot fiela arbeera in sellem J
I
"Get Away from the Window' '', supplied the Pennsylvania Dutch Folk-
o gawrda. 3. Er Icegt sic uff der disch mit da haod. 4. Sie schteckt dcr "opp
aus em fenschder. 4. Der da\'Jdi iss unna en wagga; er gett noch cia scheler, I
lO

lore Center by our good friend, Maggie Frey, proprietress of the Black Bear
o avver die kinner sin im haus mil da brieder. 6. Dje mammi kummt danich
der gawrda, geet gschwischkh die arbeera un die b'!una, geet hi_nnich die
I
I
Inn, Freystown, Berks Co., Pa., is a good example of the bilingualism (speaking scheier un urn der wagga. 7. Er esst welschkarn weelch se!{ra fraw. 8. Der I
bauer fawn wedders hall S mil em wagga un sella tswee gel!. I
of two languages) of our Pennsylvania Dutch people. Among various hi-lingual III
I
groups you will find songs th at ha ve a stanza or two in both languages, t- I
or you will find a folksong which has alternating lines in the two tongues O Can )'OU depend on dependents? I
Z I
spoken by the folk. Does anyone know of an example of this latter type? The Yes, ye u ca n depend en dependent cJaus~ i~ Penns ylvania Dut~h. to upset the ~ppl~rtl I
A dependent clause is eften ca lled a subordmatmg clause because It IS not the malO secllen
following folktune is lively in pace and lends itself easily to dancing. Though
e f the sentence, but merely a statement often used for the purpose of clarifying or explaining
I
I cannot trace its origin, my guess is that by its nature it probably comes from the main clause. For example, in the sentence George went ~o"!e because. he was sick.. the I
ma in clause is George went hom.e and the dependent or subordmatIng clause IS because he was I
the latter p ar t of the past century. It does not sou nd European. I
sick. This dependent clause is introduced by a socalled CONJUNCTION- here it is the word
because. The subordin ating conjunctions in Pennsylvania Dutch are as follows: I
I
ass (or dass) that so ass (o r dass) so that. in order that I
z
...... ,, .1 - bis until, till, by the time that
eb before; whether
tsidder ass (or dass) since
wanD when, if
I
I

"
fun weega ass (or dass) because, weiJ because I
because of the fact that wie when (in past time), how
I
Get: a-IVa.~ t"1It. IV" n;(o"",,
Bc G
-frl1W\
G
J

o \Vhenever one of the above conjunctions introduces a dependent clause, you must use
DEPENDENT WORD ORDER - which means that the verb goes to the end of the clause!
I
I
I
I ).j ) JII 'i c J I( r ad II
For example: ich weess, ass CT net noch da schuul geet I know that he is not going to school;
sic larot n et tiel, well sie dumm iss she doesn't Learn. much because she is stupid. In these
e..'<amples we see the verb (gcet in the first instance and iss in the second) at the END OF
THE CLA USE because it is a DEPENDENT clause introduced by a subordinating conjunc.
I
I
I
tion (ass and weil). This is a regular rule in Pennsylvania Dutch and must not be violated I
no matter how much you wish (0 exercise your ideas on so-called freedom of speech! I
,# D Not only do the subordinating conjunctions cause the verb to come last in the dause,
I
I
but any subordinating word such as an indirect interrogative ((arwas why. wu where, was what,
r sa!j_ C .... e iI.rl1l("~ to ..,o,.rliW' etc.), or a compound conjunctien (wie wann as in, or a relative prenoun (as or wu who} I
Q which that) will do the same thing exactly to the position of the verb. Observe these examples: I
C G l
I

I .I t/ ,I' I , ( i ,(ill I Ii
II
Z
~
Er froogt, farwas sic Doch da sehnul geet he asks why she goes to school.
Er guckt, 'vie wann er gsoffa weer he looks as if he were drunk.
Der mann, as (or l\'u) sell buch kawft, iss mei dawdi the man who is buying that
I
I
I
book is my father. I
t-
:::)
I
Some time ago we mentioned that yo u revene the position of the verb and the subject of I
o a sentence if some element ether than the subject begins the sentence. 'Veil, if you begin a
sentence with the dependent clause, tben yo u mllst reverse the verb and subject of the main
I
I
clause, as for example: if we begin the sentence sic larDt net fiel, wei! sic dumm iss (she doesn1t
t- learn much because she is stupid) with the dependent clause, then we have: wei! sie dumm iss, I
:::) larnt sie net fid. Here we h ave to say larnt sie in the main clause because we began the I

I Gees.:ht- .1 ..l\ U sentence with the whole dependent clause. Ferschteescht??

Exercises
I
I
I
I
C. 1. Connect the two separate sentences with the conjunction in parentheses and make proper I
changes in the position of the verh: L Er bleibt deheem. (weil) Er iss tsimmlich grank. I
J f o 2. Ich weess neL (wu) 1Nu schteet sei haus? 3. Mier bleiva do. (bis) ET kummt widder.
4. Selli leit schweua Deitsch. (fun weega ass) Sie- sin net dumm. 5 . Er schlooft tsu fiel.
(tsidder ass) Er iss deheem.
I
I
I
I
, II. Rewrite the senrence, beginning with the dependent clause: 1. Sie bleibt net deheem, '\\leil
I
\r -( I l J
sie net guut kocht. 2. Ich bin schun in Redd en, bis er kummt. 3. Sie geena all Doch da
schtadt, eb der wagga kummt. 4. Ich denk net, ass er so dumm iss. 5. Er larnt blendi,
tsidder ass er noch da schuul geet.
L __________________________________________________ JI
I
I

," .at Get away from the window I TO BUY OR RENT

1(1( ... 10\
C.

I )J ) JI ..I
a-~>(.., ts ......
G
#'
, My lover and my dove;
Get away from the window
Now I say.
Come around tomorrow night}
There's gaing to be a fight-
HATTIE K. BRUNNER
~ntique5
REINHOLDS, PA.
OR lUST TO SAY "HELLO"
TITLOW and TITLOW
ARDEN P THELMA L
REAL ESTATE BROKERS
6235 No E. 2nd Ave. Miami, Flo.
See th e racers a~{fying in the air! Telephone Denver 7-6401 Formerly of Lehigh County

I v " ,r Geescht du weck {un dem enschder,

Mei liebscht un m ei liebschtj
""esse~, tAle. fHtej a l" Geescht du week {un dem fenschder
G . c G i

, .,p ? )''1 , ,I' 21 I Nan ich saw-g.

Kumm arum tsu m ariya nacht,
Dis es dunnerwedders gracht-
I-ft, Un die m esser, die mega
In der luft, luft, luft.

Send a penny postcard

CERAMIC HOBBYISTS for
Sove $4.25 to $10.00 on Electric Kilns. We pay crating and freight
charges within 200 mi. radius. You pay only the price of the kiln. CafaWfIUL JJt
Brick exterior kilns start at $28. Steel encased kilns start at $35.
This special offer applies to L&L and Cress kilns, and expires Decem-
ber 31, 1949. Q1nt.nMJ.lomtia.
Special gift course now forming.
Design sheets 1 and 2, 25c postpaid, no stamps. J(iAlolttJ.-
Fall price list of supplies mailed on request.
Schneider's Bookstore
Mon-Aire Ceramics 46 N. NINTH ST.
BOX 1122 YORK, PA.
READING, PA.
THE OLD READING BREWERY, INC., READING, PA.

INTELLIGENCER ~
LETTERPRESS --- OFFSET
Scientific Publications {o School Annuals {o Magazines
PRINTING CO. ~ Founded
Ollice Forms {o Stationery
1794 8 West King Street, Lancaster, Pa.
Printers of " The Pennsylvania Dutchman" Phone 5251
When ordering, please mention: "1 saw your ad in THE PENNSYLVANIA DUTCHMAN"