Libro UIMP Intermediate 1 IMP

Intermediate 1
English Immersion
for Verbal Agility
Universidad Internacional
Menndez Pelayo
Autores: Richard Brown, Juan Gmez Canseco, Conor McAlinden, David Waddell
Edicin de contenidos: Juan Gmez Canseco, Keelin McLoughlin, Peter Swinden
Revisin de contenidos: Luca Fraile, Juan Gmez Canseco, Carmen Vallejo,

Anna Katarina Victria, David Waddell
Edicin del proyecto: Anna Katarina Victria
Ilustracin: Nacho Subirats
Diseo y maquetacin: ZAC diseo grfico
Propiedad de la presente edicin:

2011 Vaughan Systems.
Intermediate 1
English Immersion
for Verbal Agility
Index
Introduction ................................................................................................ 7
List 1. Demonstrative pronouns.................................................................... 8
List 2. Introducing people........................................................................... 10
List 3. Using adjectives............................................................................... 12
List 4. Which / Which one? ........................................................................ 14
List 5. Possessive pronouns & adjectives.................................................... 16
List 6. Direct & Indirect objects................................................................... 18
List 7. Pronouns in general......................................................................... 20
List 8. Whose?........................................................................................ 22
List 9. Negative questions........................................................................... 24
List 10. There + to be any / some............................................................ 26
List 11. How much? / How many?........................................................ 28
GRAMMAR
List 12. Reported speech........................................................................... 30

List 13. Comparatives I............................................................................... 32
List 14. Comparatives II.............................................................................. 34
List 15. The superlative.............................................................................. 36
List 16. Imperatives.................................................................................... 38
List 17. Present continuous........................................................................ 40
List 18. Present simple............................................................................... 42
List 19. Future with going to....................................................................... 44
List 20. Future with will.............................................................................. 46
List 21. Future conditional.......................................................................... 48
List 22. To be (past)................................................................................... 50
List 23. Regular verbs................................................................................ 52
List 24. Irregular verbs (past forms)............................................................ 54
List 25. The accusative............................................................................... 56
List 26. Too + adjective / Adjective + enough.............................................. 58
List 27. Too much / Too many + noun / Enough + noun.............................. 60
List 28. Make vs. Do................................................................................... 62
List 29. To get + adjective........................................................................... 64
List 30. Say vs Tell...................................................................................... 66
Introduction ..............................................................................................69
Physical descriptions...................................................................................70
To seem (like) / To look (like).......................................................................71
Airports & Flying ........................................................................................72
VOCABULARY & VERBS
To arrive / To fly . ........................................................................................73

Body...........................................................................................................74
To grow / To get old ....................................................................................75
Body actions ..............................................................................................76
To move / To sleep......................................................................................77
Work place ................................................................................................78
To chat / To prepare....................................................................................79
Calendar.....................................................................................................80
To check / To take (time).............................................................................81
Home ........................................................................................................82
To tidy / To repair........................................................................................83
Hotels ........................................................................................................84
To complain / To plan .................................................................................85
Tourism......................................................................................................86
To pack / To check in .................................................................................87
Positive personality adjectives ....................................................................88
To attract / To like . .....................................................................................89
Negative personality adjectives....................................................................90
To offend / To hate .....................................................................................91
Parties .......................................................................................................92
To organise / To have...................................................................................93
Ordinal numbers.........................................................................................94
VOCABULARY & VERBS
To celebrate / To be born . ..........................................................................95

Buildings ...................................................................................................96
To fit / To draw ...........................................................................................97
Materials . ..................................................................................................98
To build / To cut..........................................................................................99
Clothes.....................................................................................................100
To wear / To design ..................................................................................101
Stage & Screen.........................................................................................102
To enjoy / To be bored...............................................................................103
Health.......................................................................................................104
To get better / To get worse........................................................................105
Cooking ...................................................................................................106
To make / To chop.....................................................................................107
Restaurants..............................................................................................108
To try / To book.........................................................................................109
Introduction (Phrasal verbs)......................................................................111

PHRASAL VERBS
To thank for / To ask for.............................................................................112

To take apart / To put together...................................................................113
To look for / To look up .............................................................................114
To turn down / To turn up..........................................................................115
To tell off / To have off...............................................................................116
To write down / To fill in ............................................................................117
To go over / To look through.......................................................................118
To come down with / To get over................................................................119
To go up to / To come up to.......................................................................120
To turn on / To turn off .............................................................................121
To get together / To break up.....................................................................122
To keep out / To come in...........................................................................123
Introduction..............................................................................................125
Presentation Check List.............................................................................127
Physical descriptions.................................................................................128
Airports & Flying ......................................................................................129
PRONUNCIATION
PUBLIC SPEAKING &
Body.........................................................................................................130
Body actions.............................................................................................131
Work place ..............................................................................................132
Calendar...................................................................................................133
Home.......................................................................................................134
Hotels.......................................................................................................135
Tourism....................................................................................................136
Positive personality adjectives....................................................................137
Negative personality adjectives..................................................................138
Parties......................................................................................................139
Ordinal numbers.......................................................................................140
Buildings..................................................................................................141
Materials...................................................................................................142
Clothes.....................................................................................................143
Stage & Screen.........................................................................................144
Health.......................................................................................................145
Cooking....................................................................................................146
Restaurants..............................................................................................147
To be (present simple); Present continuous; There is / There are ..............150
Subject & Object Pronouns / Present simple..............................................151
Future with going to; Future with will; Can ................................................152
Shall; Lets; Should; Youd better...............................................................153
Must; May / Might.....................................................................................154
APPENDIX
Ask / Tell; To be (past simple)....................................................................155

There was / There were; Past simple.........................................................156
Past continuous; Say / Tell; Used to / Did use to? / Did not use to...........157
Present perfect; Present perfect continuous..............................................158
Would (los 3 condicionales) .....................................................................159
Saxon genitive; Possessive adjectives & pronouns......................................160
The articles; Comparative..........................................................................161
Superlative; Irregular verbs . .....................................................................162
Regular verbs ..........................................................................................164
The alphabet; Demonstrative adjectives & pronouns..................................170
Reflexive pronouns; False friends .............................................................171
Common mistakes ...................................................................................172
Telephone numbers; SMS abbreviation......................................................175
GRAMMAR
Esta seccin de tu manual presenta construcciones gramaticales comunes y prcticas que has
de dominar oralmente para poder continuar tu progreso en el aprendizaje del ingls. Todas
estas estructuras estn contextualizadas en oraciones que pueden encontrarse en cualquier
conversacin cotidiana. Estas frases estn organizadas en listas de traduccin inversa del
castellano al ingls que te sern de utilidad tanto durante este curso como una vez terminado el
mismo.
Cmo utilizar las listas de traduccin
Tu manual viene con un CD de audio que contiene todas estas listas. Escucha el CD antes de
leer las listas. Esto es muy importante: debes aprender a confiar en tu odo y no en la ortografa.
Despus de or cada frase en castellano pulsa el botn de pausa y pasa la oracin castellana
al ingls. Vuelve a pulsar el botn de pausa para escuchar la versin inglesa. El que tu versin
no sea exactamente igual que la del CD no significa necesariamente que tu traduccin sea
incorrecta, pero te aconsejamos que repitas la oracin en ingls exactamente como se oye en el
CD. Reptela cuantas veces sea necesario hasta que consigas la traduccin exacta antes de pasar
a la siguiente oracin. No abras el libro hasta que hayas escuchado y traducido oralmente la lista
completa.
Si has seguido nuestro consejo, ya ests listo/a para leer y traducir la lista desde el manual.
Sin embargo, te aconsejamos que no dejes de escuchar el CD mientras lees las listas para que
la pronunciacin se te quede grabada en la mente. Recuerda que lo importante es cmo se
pronuncia el ingls, no cmo se escribe.
Coge una hoja en blanco y dblala por la mitad a lo largo. Para qu? Tienes que cubrir la parte
derecha de la lista para asegurarte de no ver el ingls hasta despus de tu traduccin. Tras
cada oracin, baja la hoja lo justo para comprobar si tu traduccin es correcta. Si no lo es, repite
el procedimiento. Cada vez que consigas la traduccin exacta de una oracin, regstralo en el
cuadradito que hay a la derecha de cada frase. Si lo has logrado a la primera, escribe un 1; si
lo has hecho a la segunda, un 2, etc. De esta forma te ser sencillo decidir posteriormente qu
estructuras necesitas repasar con ms ahnco. Y si quieres proponerte un reto an mayor, puedes
forzarte a empezar de nuevo desde la primera lista cada vez que cometas un error. Si haces
esto, al terminar la lista tendrs la certeza de que dominas perfectamente las construcciones que
contiene.
Por ltimo, te aconsejamos que vuelvas a traducir la lista escuchando el CD sin la ayuda del libro.
LIST 1 Demonstrative pronouns
Usa this (este/a, esto) y these (estos/as) para El sonido de la i de this tiene que ser muy corto.
referirte a los objetos que estn a tu alcance. Casi no se oye.
Usa that (ese/a, eso, aquel/la, aquello) y those En cambio, cuando se trata de pronunciar these, hay
(esos/as, aquellos/las) para los objetos que estn fuera que exagerar el sonido de i para no confundirlo con
de tu alcance. this. Hay que decir /dziiiis/.
No se puede
This mobile phone is broken, terminar una
1. Este mvil est roto, pero ste no lo frase en ingls con yes
est. but this one isnt.
o no a secas, como
hacis en castellano.
Hay que aadir el verbo
These flowers smell nice,
2. Estas flores huelen bien, pero estos auxiliar do /does en el
calcetines no. but these socks dont. presente simple, did en
el pasado simple, to be
en los tiempos continuos,
etc.
3. Este hostal es barato, pero ese hotel no This hostel is cheap, but that hotel isnt.
lo es.
En ingls existe
4. Este lapicero tiene la punta afilada, pero This pencil is sharp, but that one is blunt. un adjetivo que
se no. significa no afilado/a.
Adems, es fcil de
recordar; piensa en el
cantante de Youre
5. Este coche es barato, pero se es caro. This car is cheap, but that one is expensive.
beautiful: James
Blunt. Por cierto, se
pronuncia /blant/.
These windows are clean, but
6. Estas ventanas estn limpias, pero sas
estn sucias. those ones are dirty.
These boxes are big, but those ones are

7. Estas cajas son grandes, pero sas son
pequeas. small.
8. Eso no es impresionante. Esto es Thats not impressive. This is impressive.

impresionante.
9. Esto no es interesante; es aburrido. This isnt interesting; its boring.
Al decir esos,
10. Eso no es gracioso; es ofensivo. Thats not funny; its rude. estos o aquellos
en ingls, ones es
opcional. Decimos, por
tanto, these ones o
these, those ones o
11. stos nos son autnticos; son falsos. These arent real; theyre fake. those.
Decimos for hire

12. sos no estn en venta; estn en Those arent for sale; theyre for hire.
alquiler. o for rent pero
nunca in.
8 ENGLISH IMMERSION FOR VERBAL AGILITY INTERMEDIATE 1
13. Ese reloj (de pulsera) no est hecho de That watch isnt made of gold; its made of
oro; est hecho de plata. silver.
Las palabras
Those gloves arent made of cotton; theyre wool y wood
14. Esos guantes no estn hechos de
algodn; estn hechos de lana. made of wool. suelen causar problemas
para los espaoles.
Imagnate que vas a decir
huevo, pero crtalo
15. Esta cuchara no est hecha de metal; This spoon isnt made of metal; its made despus de la hu-.
est hecha de madera. of wood. Luego hay que aadir o
la l de wool o la d de
wood.
16. Estos vasos no estn hechos de cristal; These cups arent made of glass, theyre
estn hechos de plstico. made of plastic.
17. ste es francs; se es ingls. This ones French; that ones English.
These ones are Italian; those ones are

18. stos son italianos; sos son espaoles.
Spanish.
19. Son caros estos relojes (de pulsera)? Are these watches expensive?
Uno de los pocos

20. S (son caros). Yes, they are. casos en los
que no se contrae las
palabras es cuando se
trata de las repuestas
21. Esa gente es inglesa? Are those people English? cortas en afirmativo. Por
lo tanto, nunca digas
Yes, theyre o Yes,
its etc.
22. No (no lo es); es americana. No, theyre not; theyre American.
23. Es interesante este libro? Is this book interesting?
24. Est terminado ese informe? Is that report finished?
NOTAS
INTERMEDIATE 1 ENGLISH IMMERSION FOR VERBAL AGILITY 9

LIST 2 Introducing people
Who es quin. Who is it? significa Quin es?. Empleamos la preposicin from para decir de dnde
No digas Who is he/she? porque en ingls no usamos es o de dnde viene algo o alguien.
he o she hasta que hemos identificado a la persona.
1. ste es mi profesor de ingls. This is my English teacher.
2. Es irlands. Hes Irish.
3. sa es mi profesora de ciencias. Thats my science teacher.
4. Es de Australia. Shes from Australia.
5. Quin es aqul? Whos that?
6. se es el Sr. Bond. Thats Mr. Bond.
7. Es espa. Hes a spy.
8. Es se el jefe del Sr. Bond? Is that Mr. Bonds boss?
No digas No, hes

9. No (no lo es). No, its not. / No, it isnt. not o no, shes
not hasta que sepas de
quin se trata.
10. Es el Sr. Smith? Is it Mr. Smith?
11. No (no lo es). No, its not. / No, it isnt.
12. Quin es? Who is it?

13. Es el Sr. Jones. Its Mr. Jones.
Ahora que ya
14. No es mi padre. Hes not my father. sabemos quin es,
decimos he y no it.
15. Es se tu padre? Is that your father?
16. No (no lo es). No, its not. / No, it isnt.
17. Quin es, entonces? Who is it, then?
18. Es mi to. Its my uncle.
19. Son aquellos tus amigos? Are those your friends?
20. No (no lo son). No, theyre not. / No, they arent.
21. Quines son, entonces? Who are they, then?
22. Son amigos de Fred. Theyre Freds friends.

Aunque estemos
presentando a
dos personas, seguimos
diciendo this is y no
23. stos son Mary y Peter. This is Mary and Peter.
these are.
Por cierto,
24. Son mis vecinos. Theyre my neighbours.
encantado/a de
conocerte/os/le/les es
pleased to meet you.
NOTAS

LIST 3 Using adjectives
Los adjetivos en ingls son invariables en gnero Cuando acompaan a sustantivos, los adjetivos se
y nmero. Por ejemplo: small puede ser tanto colocan delante de stos.
pequeo/a como pequeos/as. La primera letra de los idiomas siempre va en
mayscula: Spanish, Chinese, Portuguese, etc.
1. Esta lista es difcil. This list is difficult.
2. Es una lista difcil. Its a difficult list.
Galletas son
3. Estas galletas son deliciosas. These biscuits are delicious. biscuits
(/bsquits/) en el Reino
Unido y cookies
(/ckis/) en Estados
Unidos.
4. Son galletas deliciosas. Theyre delicious biscuits.
5. Ese reloj (de pulsera) es caro. That watch is expensive.
6. Es un reloj caro. Its an expensive watch.
7. Esas flores son preciosas. Those flowers are beautiful.
8. Son flores preciosas. Theyre beautiful flowers.
9. Es Suecia un pas rico o pobre? Is Sweden a rich or a poor country?
10. Suecia es un pas rico. Sweden is a rich country.
11. Es el Ebro un ro largo o corto? Is the Ebro a long or a short river?
12. El Ebro es un ro largo. The Ebro is a long river.

13. Eres alto o bajo? Are you tall or short?
14. Soy alto. Im tall.
15. Es Pau Gasol alto o bajo? Is Pau Gasol tall or short?
16. Es muy alto. Hes very tall.
Cuntas veces
17. Pau Gasol es un hombre muy alto. Pau Gasol is a very tall man. hemos odo cosas
como a man very tall.
Los adjetivos siempre van
delante de los sustantivos,
18. Islandia es un pas muy fro. Iceland is a very cold country. incluso si van juntos con
un adverbio como very.
19. El finlands es un idioma muy difcil. Finnish is a very difficult language.
Ojo! Hay varias

20. Tienes hambre? Are you hungry? expresiones que emplean
el verbo to be en
ingls en vez de to
have (tener) como
21. S, tengo hambre; tengo sed tambin. Yes, Im hungry; Im thirsty too. sus equivalentes en
castellano. Hay que
aprenderlas y punto!
22. Tienes fro? Are you cold?
23. No, no tengo fro; tengo calor. No, Im not cold; Im hot.
24. El ingls no es un idioma difcil, verdad? English isnt a difficult language, is it?
NOTAS

LIST 4 Which / Which one?
Which es Qu? o Cul? y slo se emplea en El pronombre one se emplea para referirnos a
preguntas cuando hay un nmero delimitado de un objeto del que ya hemos hablado en la misma
respuestas posibles. Por ejemplo: Which car is in the conversacin. Por ejemplo, para referirse a el azul no
garage? The red one or the blue one? (Qu coche vale con decir the blue, sino que hay que decir the
est en el garaje? El rojo o el azul?). blue one (literalmente el uno azul).
1. Qu coche est en el garaje, el rojo o el Which car is in the garage, the red one or
azul? the blue one?
2. El azul est en el garaje. The blue one is in the garage.
Fjate en que
3. Cul est al lado del blanco? Which one is next to the white one? hemos dicho
Which car? en la
frase 1, relacionada
con los coches, y
4. El rojo est al lado del blanco. The red one is next to the white one. Which one? en
sta, puesto que es la
segunda vez que nos
referimos a los coches.
5. Qu libro est en la mesa, el grande o Which book is on the table, the big one or
el pequeo? the small one?
6. El grande est en la mesa. The big one is on the table.
7. Dnde est el pequeo? Wheres the small one?
8. El pequeo est debajo de la silla. The small one is under the chair.
Which lift is out of order, the one on the

9. Qu ascensor no funciona, el de la
izquierda o el de la derecha? left or the one on the right?
10. El de la izquierda no funciona. The one on the left is out of order.
11. Qu gato est en el silln, el negro o el Which cat is in the armchair, the black one
blanco? or the white one?
12. El blanco est en el silln. The white one is in the armchair.

13. Cul est en el suelo? Which one is on the floor?
No olvides que
14. El negro est en el suelo. The black one is on the floor. los adjetivos en
ingls nunca se pueden
convertir en sustantivos.
Por ese motivo aadimos
Which mobile phone is new, this one or one o ones.
15. Qu mvil es nuevo, ste o aqul?
that one?
16. Cul est rebajado? Which one is on sale?
17. Qu bolgrafos son rojos, stos o Which pens are red, these or those?
aqullos?
Recuerda que es opcional

18. Aqullos son rojos y stos son azules. Those are red and these are blue. el uso de ones con
these y those.
19. Cules son negros? Which ones are black?
Qu botellas estn llenas, las que

Which bottles are full, the ones in the
20. estn en la cocina o las que estn en el
kitchen or the ones in the dining room?
comedor?
21. Las que estn es la cocina estn llenas. The ones in the kitchen are full.
22. Cules estn vacas? Which ones are empty?
23. Las que estn en el comedor estn The ones in the dining room are empty.
vacas.
24. Cules quieres? Which ones do you want?
NOTAS

LIST 5 Possessive pronouns & adjectives
Un pronombre posesivo reemplaza a un sustantivo, Lo bueno del ingls es que un solo pronombre posesivo
haciendo referencia a su dueo. vale por cuatro en castellano: mine puede ser el
Al contrario de lo que ocurre en castellano, nunca mo, la ma, los mos o las mas. En ingls nunca
empleamos el artculo the delante de un pronombre cambia.
posesivo.
No empleamos
1. Mi abrigo est al lado del suyo (de l). My coat is next to his. el artculo the
con los pronombres
posesivos.
2. Mis zapatos estn al lado de los tuyos. My shoes are next to yours.
3. Sus zapatos (de l) estn al lado de los His shoes are next to hers.
de ella.
4. Nuestro coche est al lado del suyo Our car is next to theirs.
(de ellos).
5. Su coche (de ella) est al lado del Her car is next to ours.
nuestro.
Coat no se
6. Est mi abrigo al lado del tuyo? Is my coat next to yours? pronuncia como
se escribe, sino /cout/.
7. Estn mis libros al lado de los de ella? Are my books next to hers?
8. Est tu bolgrafo al lado del mo? Is your pen next to mine?
9. Estn sus libros (de l) al lado de los Are his books next to theirs?
de ellos?
10. Mi coche no est al lado del suyo My car isnt next to hers.
(de ella).
11. Su abrigo (de ella) no est al lado del Her coat isnt next to his.
suyo (de l).
12. Nuestras carpetas no estn al lado de Our folders arent next to theirs.
las de ellos.

13. Su mesa de trabajo (de ella) est delante Her desk is in front of mine.
de la ma.
14. Mi hermano est delante del tuyo. My brother is in front of yours.
15. Tu bici est delante de la suya (de l). Your bike is in front of his.
16. Su bici (de l) est delante de la ma. His bike is in front of mine.
Ojo! No decimos
17. Nuestra caja est debajo de la suya Our box is under theirs. under of. Es under
(de ellos).
solamente, sin la
preposicin of, como
en castellano.
18. Su caja (de ellos) est encima de la Their box is on top of ours.
nuestra.
19. Su caja (de ella) est debajo de la suya Her box is under his.
(de l).
20. Su caja (de l) est encima de la suya His box is on top of hers.
(de ella).
Tampoco decimos
21. Mi coche est detrs del tuyo. My car is behind yours. behind of! Es
behind y punto, sin
ms complicaciones!
22. Tu coche est detrs del suyo (de l). Your car is behind his.
23. Nuestro informe est debajo del tuyo. Our report is under yours.
24. Su informe (de ellos) est encima del Their report is on top of ours.
nuestro.
NOTAS

LIST 6 Direct & Indirect objects
El complemento directo es la parte de la oracin sobre la El complemento indirecto es la parte de la oracin sobre
que recae directamente la accin del verbo. Responde a la que recae la accin del verbo de forma indirecta.
la pregunta qu?: Responde a la pregunta a quin? o para quin?:
Im giving him a book- What am I giving him? A book. Im giving him a book - Who am I giving a book to? To him.
Le estoy dando un libro (a l) - Qu le estoy dando? Un Le estoy dando un libro (a l). A quin estoy dando un
libro. libro? A l.
Los consejos
1. Te estoy dando un consejo. Im giving you some advice. en ingls son
incontables. Por lo tanto,
hay que decir some /
any advice o, rara vez,
2. l te est diciendo la verdad. Hes telling you the truth. a piece of advice.
Ensear en
3. Ella me est enseando su nuevo piso. Shes showing me her new flat. el sentido de
mostrar es to show.
4. Me estn invitando a su fiesta. Theyre inviting me to their party.
5. Le estamos comprando (a l) una bici Were buying him a new bike.

nueva.
6. Me ests haciendo una pregunta difcil. Youre asking me a difficult question.
7. Os estoy enseando ingls. Im teaching you English.
8. l les est leyendo un cuento. Hes reading them a story.
9. No les estoy vendiendo mi coche. Im not selling them my car.
10. l no te est diciendo la verdad. Hes not telling you the truth.
11. No le estn comprando un regalo (a l). Theyre not buying him a present.
12. No os estamos enseando francs. Were not teaching you French.

13. Ella no te est invitando a su boda. Shes not inviting you to her wedding.
14. No nos ests diciendo la verdad. Youre not telling us the truth.
15. No te estoy enseando mi coche nuevo. Im not showing you my new car.
16. l no les est dejando salir. Hes not letting them leave.
17. Les ests dando una clase? Are you giving them a class?
18. Te est vendiendo (l) su telfono? Is he selling you his phone?
Adems de decir,
19. Te est contando (ella) un chiste? Is she telling you a joke? to tell tambin
significa contar.
20. Les estamos invitando a comer? Are we buying them lunch?
21. Te estn enseando el informe? Are they showing you the report?
22. Me ests haciendo una pregunta? Are you asking me a question?
23. Os estoy enseando alemn? Am I teaching you German?
24. Te est comprando (ella) un vestido? Is she buying you a dress?
NOTAS

LIST 7 Pronouns in general
En esta lista vamos a ver una mezcla de pronombres. Recuerda que nunca debes emplear el artculo the
Si eres capaz de traducir todas las frases de esta lista delante de un pronombre posesivo.
correctamente y sin pestaear, tendrs un nivel de
ingls superior al 95% de la gente. Tmalo como un
reto!
1. Dmelo si es mo. Give it to me if its mine.
2. Dselo (a ella) si es suyo. Give it to her if its hers.
3. Dselo (a l) si es suyo. Give it to him if its his.
4. Dnoslo si es nuestro. Give it to us if its ours.
5. Dselo (a ellos) si es suyo. Give it to them if its theirs.
6. Dselos (a ellos) si son suyos. Give them to them if theyre theirs.
7. Dmelos si son mos. Give them to me if theyre mine.
8. Dnoslos si son nuestros. Give them to us if theyre ours.
9. Dselos (a l) si son suyos. Give them to him if theyre his.
10. Dselos (a ella) si son suyos. Give them to her if theyre hers.
Recuerda que
11. Dime su nombre (de ella) y te dir el Tell me her name and Ill tell you his. no empleamos
suyo (de l).
el artculo the con los
pronombres posesivos.
12. Dime su nombre (de l) y te dir el suyo Tell me his name and Ill tell you hers.
(de ella).

13. Dime tu nombre y te dir el mo. Tell me your name and Ill tell you mine.
14. Dime sus nombres y te dir los nuestros. Tell me their names and Ill tell you ours.
15. Dinos tu nombre y te diremos los Tell us your name and well tell you ours.
nuestros.
16. Dinos su nombre (de l) y te diremos el Tell us his name and well tell you hers.
suyo (de ella).
Espero que ests

Tell us their names and well tell them pronunciando
17. Dinos sus nombres y les diremos el tuyo.
yours. bien las m de names
y them. Deben sonar
como /nimmmmms/ y
/dzemmmmmm/.
Dinos su nombre (de ella) y le diremos (a Tell us her name and well tell her theirs.
18.
ella) los suyos.
19. Dime tu nombre y le dir (a l) el mo. Tell me your name and Ill tell him mine.
20. Dame mi bolgrafo y te dar el tuyo. Give me my pen and Ill give you yours.
21. Dale su bolgrafo (a l) y le dar (a ella) el Give him his pen and Ill give her hers.
suyo.
22. Dales sus bolgrafos y le dar (a l) el Give them their pens and Ill give him his.
suyo.
23. Dale su bolgrafo (a ella) y te dar los Give her her pen and Ill give you ours.
nuestros.
24. Dame su bolgrafo (de l) y les dar el Give me his pen and Ill give them yours.
tuyo.
NOTAS

LIST 8 Whose?
Cuando preguntamos de quin es una determinada Si queremos especificar un poco ms, podemos incluir
cosa empleamos la estructura gramatical Whose X is los pronombres demostrativos: Whose phone is this?,
it? o Whose X are they? segn se trate de uno o ms Whose phone is that?, Whose phones are these?,
objetos. Whose phones are those?, etc.
Puede que oigas

1. De quin es este bolgrafo? Whose pen is this? Whose is this
pen?, pero conviene
aprender la estructura
que te presentamos en
2. De quin es el bolgrafo? Whose pen is it? esta lista por si un da se
cruza en tu camino un
purista del ingls.
3. De quin es? Whose is it?
4. Es de l. Its his.
5. De quin son estas gafas? Whose glasses are these?
6. De quin son las gafas? Whose glasses are they?
7. De quin son? Whose are they?
8. Son de ella. Theyre hers.
9. De quin es ese libro? Whose book is that?
10. Es mo. Its mine.
11. De quin son esos zapatos? Whose shoes are those?
12. Son tuyos. Theyre yours.

13. De quin es este dinero? Whose money is this?
14. Es nuestro. Its ours.
En realidad,
15. De quin es aquel coche? Whose car is that? no hay apenas
diferencia entre la
pronunciacin de
whose? (de
quin?) y la contraccin
16. De quin son estas cartas? Whose letters are these?
de who y is: whos:
/jhss/.
17. Son de ellos. Theyre theirs.
18. De quin es el perro que ests Whose dog are you looking after?
cuidando?
19. De quin es la novia con la que ests Whose girlfriend are you talking to?
hablando?
20. El padre de quin es el actor famoso? Whose father is the famous actor?
21. De quin es el coche que est Whose car is blocking the entrance?
bloqueando la entrada?
22. Los hijos de quin tocan el piano? Whose children play the piano?
23. De quin es el disco que ests Whose CD are you listening to?
escuchando?
24. De quin es el libro que ests leyendo? Whose book are you reading?
NOTAS

LIST 9 Negative questions
Las preguntas negativas son del tipo: Por qu no lo El verbo auxiliar en este estilo de pregunta siempre
haces?, No ests listo/a todava?, etc. se contrae con not. De hecho, si no lo contraes, el
resultado sonar muy raro.
La estructura es
siempre la misma:
1. Por qu no est lista la comida? Why isnt the food ready? verbo auxiliar + sujeto.
No queremos volver a or
barbaridades como Why
the food isnt ready?, de
acuerdo?
2. Por qu no ests aqu? Why arent you here?
Ests diciendo
3. Por qu no estamos ganando? Why arent we winning? /arnt/ y no /arent/,
verdad? Arent slo
tiene una slaba.
4. Por qu no est contenta? Why isnt she happy?
5. Por qu no nos estn ayudando? Why arent they helping us?
Fjate en que
6. Por qu no estoy en la lista? Why arent I on the list? decimos arent I? y no
am not I?.
7. Por qu no funciona? Why doesnt it work?
8. Por qu no te gusta? Why dont you like it?
9. Por qu no les hablamos? Why dont we talk to them?
10. Por qu no me llama (l)? Why doesnt he call me?
11. Por qu no se van? Why dont they leave?
12. Por qu no fue el tren puntual? Why wasnt the train on time?

13. Por qu no estabas con l? Why werent you with him?
14. Por qu no estbamos escuchando? Why werent we listening?
15. Por qu no estaba bebiendo (l)? Why wasnt he drinking?
16. Por qu no te marchaste? Why didnt you leave?
No empleamos
17. Por qu no comi nada (ella)? Why didnt she eat anything? una palabra
negativa como nothing
despus de not. Si
lo hacemos, estaremos
18. Por qu no vinieron? Why didnt they come? expresando justo lo
opuesto de lo que
queremos decir. En
ingls, dos negativos =
afirmativo!
19. Por qu no nos dimos cuenta? Why didnt we realize?
20. Por qu no me lo contars? Why wont you tell me?
21. Por qu no funcionar el plan? Why wont the plan work?
22. Por qu no dimitir (l)? Why wont he resign?
23. Por qu no pararn? Why wont they stop?
24. Por qu no pasar? Why wont it happen?
NOTAS

LIST 10 There + to be any / some
There is y There are significan hay. salos Para sustantivos contables plurales (chairs)
para expresar la existencia o cantidad de algo que se emplea there are + some en las frases afirmativas,
encuentra en un determinado lugar. y there arent / Are there + any en las negativas e
Para sustantivos contables singulares (book) usa interrogativas, respectivamente.
theres + a(n) en las frases afirmativas; Cuando el sustantivo es incontable (milk) usa there
there isnt + a(n) en las frases negativas; is + some en las oraciones afirmativas y
e Is there + a(n) en las interrogativas. there isnt / Is there + any en las negativas e
interrogativas, respectivamente.
No confundas
1. Hay una mosca en mi sopa. Theres a fly in my soup. soup (sopa),
que pronunciamos /sup/,
con soap (jabn), cuya
pronunciacin es /soup/.
El jabn no es muy
2. Hay dos moscas en mi sopa. There are two flies in my soup. bueno para el estmago!
3. No hay moscas en mi sopa. There arent any flies in my soup.
4. Hay moscas en tu sopa? Are there any flies in your soup?
5. No, no hay moscas en mi sopa. No, there arent any flies in my soup.
6. Hay una araa en la baera. Theres a spider in the bathtub.
Actually, there are three spiders in the

7. En realidad, hay tres araas en la
baera. bathtub.
8. Hay araas en el vter tambin? Are there any spiders in the toilet too?
9. No, no hay araas en el vter. No, there arent any spiders in the toilet.
But there are some spiders in your

10. Pero s hay araas en tu dormitorio.
bedroom.
11. Hay un gato en la cocina. Theres a cat in the kitchen.
12. Hay gatos en el jardn tambin. There are some cats in the garden too.

13. Hay gatos en el garaje? Are there any cats in the garage?
14. No hay gatos en el garaje. There arent any cats in the garage.
15. Hay un oso detrs de ti! Theres a bear behind you!
16. De hecho, hay dos osos detrs de ti. In fact, there are two bears behind you.
17. Hay leones detrs de m? Are there any lions behind me?
18. No, no hay leones detrs de ti. No, there arent any lions behind you.
19. Sin embargo, hay serpientes debajo de la There are some snakes under the table,
mesa. though.
20. Hay agua al lado tuyo. Theres some water next to you.
21. Hay sopa en la cocina? Is there any soup in the kitchen?
22. No, no hay sopa en la cocina. No, there isnt any soup in the kitchen.
Lo has
23. Hay jabn en el bao? Is there any soap in the bathroom? pronunciado bien,
verdad?
24. S, hay jabn en el bao. Yes, theres some soap in the bathroom.
NOTAS

LIST 11 How much...? / How many...?
Para preguntar cunto? o cunta? emplea siempre Para preguntar cuntos? o cuntas? usa siempre
How much?. How many?.
1. Cunta leche hay en la nevera? How much milk is there in the fridge?
How many people are there on the

2. Cunta gente hay en el andn?
platform?
Money es
3. Cunto dinero hay en la mesa? How much money is there on the table? incontable (no se
puede decir dos dineros,
tres dineros, etc.), por lo
que siempre preguntars
How many students are there on this How much money?
4. Cuntos estudiantes hay en este curso?
course? y nunca How many
money?.
5. Cunto vino hay en la bodega? How much wine is there in the cellar?
How many magazines are there in the

6. Cuntas revistas hay en la sala de
espera? waiting room?
7. Cunta agua hay en la jarra? How much water is there in the jug?
How many chairs are there in the meeting

8. Cuntas sillas hay en la sala de
reuniones? room?
9. Cunto papel hay en su (de l) mesa How much paper is there on his desk?
(de trabajo)?
10. Cuntas listas hay en este libro? How many lists are there in this book?
11. Cunto combustible hay en el depsito? How much petrol is there in the tank?
12. Cuntas habitaciones hay en aquel How many rooms are there in that hotel?
hotel?

13. Cunto tiempo tenemos? How much time do we have?
Un error muy
14. Cuntos nios tiene ella? How many children does she have? comn es
preguntarlo como en
castellano: How many
children has she?. No
15. Cunto dinero tiene l? How much money does he have? olvides que to have,
cuando significa tener
es un verbo normal. Por
lo tanto, hay que emplear
el auxiliar do / does
16. Cuntos coches tienes? How many cars do you have? con preguntas en el
presente simple.
17. Cunta agua usas cada semana? How much water do you use every week?
18. Cuntas mascotas tienes? How many pets do you have?
19. Cunta ropa compras cada mes? How much clothes do you buy every
month?
20. Cuntas clases tienes cada da? How many classes do you have each day?
21. Cunto aceite necesitas? How much oil do you need?
22. Cuntos correos suele mandar (l)? How many emails does he usually send?
23. Cunto caf suele beber (l)? How much coffee does he usually drink?
24. Cuntas llamadas hace ella cada da? How many calls does she make each day?
NOTAS

LIST 12 Reported speech
Cuando alguien dice algo y luego comentamos lo que Aunque es posible emplear el estilo indirecto sin dar
ha dicho damos un paso hacia atrs en el tiempo el paso hacia atrs en el tiempo verbal, no suena tan
verbal. correcto.
1. Jos: Vivo en Santander. Jos: I live in Santander.
En el reported
2. Jos dijo que vive en Santander. Jos said (that) he lived in Santander. speech el presente
simple se convierte en el
pasado simple.
3. Sara: Mis primos hablan un ingls Sara: My cousins speak good English.
bueno.
Sara told me (that) her cousins spoke good Ponemos that

4. Sara me dijo que sus primos hablan un entre parntesis
ingls bueno. English.
porque lo solemos omitir
en esta estructura.
Pero no pasa nada si lo
5. Paco: Voy al gimnasio todos los das. Paco: I go to the gym every day. incluyes!
Paco said (that) he went to the

6. Paco dijo que va al gimnasio todos los
das. gym every day.
7. Miguel: No veo mucho la tele. Miguel: I dont watch much TV.
Miguel told me (that) he didnt watch

8. Miguel me dijo que no ve mucho la tele.
much TV.
9. Mara: Mis padres estn vendiendo su Mara: My parents are selling their flat.
piso.
Mara said (that) her parents were selling El presente

10. Mara dijo que sus padres estn continuo se convierte en el
vendiendo su piso. their flat.
pasado continuo.
Julia: My sister isnt working at the

11. Julia: Mi hermana no est trabajando
en este momento. moment.
Julia told me (that) her sister wasnt

12. Julia me dijo que su hermana no est
trabajando en este momento. working at the moment.

13. Alberto: lvaro est haciendo un Alberto: lvaro is making a documentary
documental sobre m. about me.
14. Alberto dijo que lvaro est haciendo un Alberto said (that) lvaro was making a
documental sobre l. documentary about him.
15. Carmen: Estoy escribiendo un libro Carmen: Im writing a book about Spain.
sobre Espaa.
16. Carmen me dijo que est escribiendo un Carmen told me (that) she was writing a
libro sobre Espaa. book about Spain.
17. Laura: Estar en la estacin a las 6h. Laura: Ill be at the station at 6 oclock.
Laura me dijo que estar en la estacin a Laura told me (that) she would be at the Eso es! El futuro
18. con will se
las 6h. station at 6 oclock.
convierte en would.
19. Rubn: Les ver manaa. Rubn: Ill see them tomorrow.
20. Rubn dijo que les ver maana. Rubn said (that) he would see them
tomorrow.
21. Felipe: No les ensear nada. Felipe: I wont teach them anything.
22. Felipe me dijo que no les ensear nada. Felipe told me (that) he wouldnt teach
them anything.
Ana and Dani: Our bank wont give us a

23. Ana y Dani: Nuestro banco no nos dar
un prstamo. loan.
Ana and Dani said (that) their bank

24. Ana y Dani dijeron que su banco no les
dar un prstamo. wouldnt give them a loan.
NOTAS

LIST 13 Comparatives I
El comparativo de superioridad se expresa de una Cuando se trate de los adjetivos de dos slabas no
manera u otra en funcin del nmero de slabas que acabados en y y adjetivos de tres o ms slabas, aade
tenga el adjetivo. la palabra more delante de ste.
Cuando se trate de los adjetivos de una slaba y En la estructura comparativa, el que en castellano
adjetivos de dos slabas acabados en y, aade -er. corresponde a than, y no that o what.
En los comparativos
usamos than y no
1. El Cairo es ms caluroso que Helsinki. Cairo is hotter than Helsinki.
that.
Ten cuidado con

2. Helsinki es ms fro que El Cairo. Helsinki is colder than Cairo.
la pronunciacin
del sufijo -er. La e
no suena como en
castellano, sino ms bien
3. Mi hermana es ms baja que Pau Gasol. My sister is shorter than Pau Gasol. como una a: /colda/.
4. Pau Gasol es ms alto que mi hermana. Pau Gasol is taller than my sister.
5. Espaa es ms grande que Portugal. Spain is bigger than Portugal.
6. Portugal es ms pequeo que Espaa. Portugal is smaller than Spain.
7. El Ebro es ms largo que el The Ebro is longer than the Manzanares.

Manzanares.
8. El Manzanares es ms corto que el The Manzanares is shorter than the Ebro.

Ebro.
9. Europa es ms rica que frica. Europe is richer than Africa.
10. frica es ms pobre que Europa. Africa is poorer than Europe.
11. Esta lista es ms fcil que la ltima. This list is easier than the last one.
Cuando el adjetivo
es largo no
aadimos el sufijo -er;
12. La ltima lista era ms difcil que sta. The last list was more difficult than this colocamos la palabra
one. more delante de ste.

13. Londres es ms feo que Pars. London is uglier than Paris.
14. Pars es ms hermoso que Londres. Paris is more beautiful than London.
15. Tony conduce ms rpido que Mike. Tony drives faster than Mike.
16. Mike conduce ms despacio que Tony. Mike drives more slowly than Tony.
17. Henry lee ms libros que David. Henry reads more books than David.
Cuando se trata
18. David lee menos libros que Henry. David reads fewer books than Henry. de los sustantivos
contables, los puristas
del ingls insistirn en el
uso de la palabra fewer.
19. Jane come ms que Sonia. Jane eats more than Sonia. Sin embargo, muchos
nativos empleamos less
independientemente
de que se trate de
sustantivos contables o
20. Sonia come menos que Jane. Sonia eats less than Jane. incontables.
There are more sheep in New Zealand than

21. Hay ms ovejas en Nueva Zelanda que
personas. people.
There are fewer people in New Zealand

22. Hay menos personas en Nueva Zelanda
que ovejas. than sheep.
Theres more crime in New York than in

23. Hay ms crimen en Nueva York que en
Teruel. Teruel.
Theres less crime in Teruel than in New

24. Hay menos crimen en Teruel que en
Nueva York. York.
NOTAS

LIST 14 Comparatives II
Otra estructura que se emplea para comparar es Tambin veremos cmo se puede comparar cantidades
tan + adjetivo/adverbio + como, que en ingls es empleando una estructura muy parecida: tan poco/s +
as + adjetivo/adverbio + as. sustantivo + como es as little / few as + sustantivo
+ as. Y tan + adjetivo/adverbio + como, que en
ingls es as + adjetivo/adverbio + as.
Recuerda que
1. El Cairo no es tan fro como Helsinki. Cairo isnt as cold as Helsinki. la estructura es
as + adjetivo / adverbio
+ as. No usamos ni
than ni so con esta
2. Helsinki no es tan caluroso como El Cairo. Helsinki isnt as hot as Cairo. estructura.
3. Mi hermana no es tan alta como Pau My sister isnt as tall as Pau Gasol.
Gasol.
4. Pau Gasol no es tan bajo como mi Pau Gasol isnt as short as my sister.
hermana.
5. Espaa no es tan pequea como Spain isnt as small as Portugal.

Portugal.
6. Portugal no es tan grande como Espaa. Portugal isnt as big as Spain.
7. El Ebro no es tan corto como el The Ebro isnt as short as the Manzanares.
Manzanares.
8. El Manzanares no es tan largo como el The Manzanares isnt as long as the Ebro.
Ebro.
9. Europa no es tan pobre como frica. Europe isnt as poor as Africa.
10. frica no es tan rica como Europa. Africa isnt as rich as Europe.
11. Esta lista no es tan difcil como la ltima. This list isnt as difficult as the last one.
12. La ltima lista no era tan fcil como sta. The last list wasnt as easy as this one.

13. Londres no es tan hermoso como Pars. London isnt as beautiful as Paris.
14. Pars no es tan feo como Londres. Paris isnt as ugly as London.
Aunque los
15. Tony no conduce tan despacio como Tony doesnt drive as slowly as Mike (does). puristas del ingls
Mike.
dirn que el verbo auxiliar
al final es fundamental
en esta estructura, en
16. Mike no conduce tan rpido como Tony. Mike doesnt drive as fast as Tony (does). realidad, solemos omitirlo.
17. Henry no lee tan pocos libros como Henry doesnt read as few books as David.
David.
David doesnt read as many books as

18. David no lee tantos libros como Henry.
Henry.
19. Jane no come tan poco como Sonia. Jane doesnt eat as little as Sonia.
20. Sonia no come tanto como Jane. Sonia doesnt eat as much as Jane.
There arent as few sheep in New Zealand

21. No hay tan pocas ovejas en Nueva
Zelanda como personas. as there are people.
There arent as many people in New

22. No hay tantas personas en Nueva
Zelanda como ovejas. Zealand as there are sheep.
There isnt as little crime in New York as

23. No hay tan poco crimen en Nueva York
como en Teruel. there is in Teruel.
There isnt as much crime in Teruel as

24. No hay tanto crimen en Teruel como en
Nueva York. there is in New York.
NOTAS

LIST 15 The superlative
Igual que sucede con el comparativo que vimos en la -est. Por ejemplo: tall se convierte en the tallest
lista 13, el superlativo se dice de una manera u otra en (el ms alto).
funcin del nmero de slabas que tenga el adjetivo. Cuando se trate de los adjetivos de dos slabas no
Cuando se trate de los adjetivos de una slaba o los acabados en y y adjetivos de tres o ms slabas,
acabados en y, aade the + adjetivo terminado en coloca the most delante de stos.
Cuando se trata de
un adjetivo corto,
1. Cul es el ro ms largo de Inglaterra? What is the longest river in England? aadimos the + el
sufijo -est.
En realidad, el
2. El Tmesis es el ro ms largo de The Thames is the longest river in England. sufijo -est se
Inglaterra.
pronuncia /-ist/.
3. Cul es la montaa ms alta del What is the highest mountain in the world?
mundo?
Mount Everest is the highest mountain in

4. El Everest es la montaa ms alta del
mundo. the world.
5. Quin es el hombre ms rico del Who is the richest man in the world?
mundo?
Tambin se
puede emplear el
6. Dnde est la tienda de juguetes ms Wheres the worlds largest toy store? sinnimo biggest en
grande del mundo? vez de largest.
7. Quin es la persona ms feliz que Whos the happiest person you know? La y de happy
conoces? se convierte en
una i al aadir -est.
8. Quin es la persona ms fuerte de esta Whos the strongest person in this class?
clase?
How tall is the tallest building in the

9. Cunto mide el edificio ms alto del
mundo? world?
10. Quin es la persona ms lista que Whos the cleverest person you know?
conoces?
11. Cul es el pas ms fro del mundo? What is the coldest country in the world?
12. Dnde est el lugar ms caluroso del Wheres the hottest place on earth?
mundo?

13. Qu ao tuvo el invierno ms lluvioso del What year had the wettest winter on
que se tienen datos? record?
14. Dnde est el rbol ms viejo del Wheres the worlds oldest tree?
mundo?
Whos the most intelligent person in the Cuando se trata de

15. Quin es la persona ms inteligente del los adjetivos ms
mundo? world?
largos, hay que colocar
the most delante del
adjetivo.
16. Cul es la ciudad ms hermosa de Which is the most beautiful city in Europe?
Europa?
17. Quin es el hombre ms importante de Whos the most important man in Spain?
Espaa?
What is the most complicated language in

18. Cul es el idioma ms complicado del
mundo? the world?
19. Cul es el coche ms caro del mercado? What is the most expensive car on the
market?
The most difficult thing about learning

20. Lo ms difcil de aprender ingls es
encontrar tiempo. English is finding the time.
The easiest thing about English is the

21. Lo ms fcil del ingls es la gramtica.
grammar.
La estructura
22. Qu modelo es el menos caro? Which model is the least expensive? el / la menos +
adjetivo corresponde a
the least + adjetivo.
23. Qu estructura es la menos compleja? Which structure is the least complex?
24. sa fue la lista menos difcil hasta ahora. That was the least difficult list so far.
NOTAS

LIST 16 Imperatives
El imperativo en ingls tiene una sola persona para Normalmente usamos please para no resultar muy
el singular y plural: Sit down (sintate, sintese, bruscos: Sit down, please.
sentaos, sintense). Los mandatos indirectos se forman de una manera muy
Para la forma negativa, colocamos do not (dont) distinta a como lo hacis en castellano: imperativo +
antes del verbo: Dont sit down (no te sientes, no se pronombre de complemento + infinitivo.
siente, no os sentis, no se sienten).
1. Lee esta lista. Read this list.
2. No te quejes. Dont complain.
3. Lela rpido. Read it quickly.
Siempre debes
4. No hables tan rpido. Dont speak so fast. expresarte usando
la contraccin dont
(que se pronuncia
/dunt/, por cierto). No
hacerlo resulta un poco
5. Escribe un ensayo sobre Platn. Write an essay on Plato. brusco.
6. No escribas uno sobre Aristteles. Dont write one on Aristotle.
7. Entrgalo maana a las 9:00. Hand it in tomorrow at 9 am.
8. No llegues tarde. Dont be late!
9. Llama a un mdico. Call a doctor.
10. No le movis. Dont move him.
11. Levntate. Get up.
12. Diles que se callen. Tell them to be quiet.

13. Cllense. Be quiet.
14. Dile a ella que se anime. Tell her to cheer up.
15. Anmate! Cheer up!
16. Dile a l que le d las llaves a ella. Tell him to give her the keys.
17. Dale (a ella) las llaves. Give her the keys.
El negativo
18. Diles que no griten. Tell them not to shout. del infinitivo
se construye not +
infinitivo con to. No
hay rastro de un verbo
19. No gritis. Dont shout. auxiliar. Ten en cuenta
las palabras famossimas
de Shakespeare: Ser o
no ser: To be or not
to be.
20. Dile (a l) que no llore. Tell him not to cry.
21. No llores. Dont cry.
22. Dile (a ella) que no se preocupe. Tell her not to worry.
23. No te preocupes. Dont worry.
24. Dime que pare. Tell me to stop.
NOTAS

LIST 17 Present continuous
Emplea el presente continuo para una accin que se est En castellano se puede decir tanto Qu ests
desarrollando en este mismo momento. haciendo? como Qu haces?. En ingls no existe esa
El presente continuo se forma empleando el presente flexibilidad. Para ambos casos diramos What are you
simple del verbo to be seguido del verbo principal en doing?.
gerundio (-ing). Lo nico que vara es el verbo to be.
Cuidado! La
pregunta What do
1. Qu haces? What are you doing? you do? significa A qu
te dedicas?.
2. No estoy haciendo nada. Im not doing anything.
3. Adnde vas? Where are you going?
4. No voy a ningn lado. Im not going anywhere.
La preposicin
5. Qu estn mirando? What are they looking at? suele ir al final de
la pregunta.
6. Estn mirando sus fotos. Theyre looking at their photos.
7. Les ests escuchando? Are you listening to them?
8. No, no les estoy escuchando. No, Im not listening to them.
9. A quin ests escuchando? Who are you listening to?
10. No estoy escuchando a nadie. Im not listening to anybody.
11. Qu est haciendo l? Whats he doing?
12. Est llamando a su amigo. Hes calling his friend.

13. A quin est llamando (ella)? Whos she calling?
14. Est llamando a su hermano. Shes calling her brother.
15. Qu estis estudiando? What are you studying?
16. Estamos estudiando historia. Were studying history.
17. Alguien est usando la impresora? Is anybody using the printer?
18. No, nadie est usando la impresora. No, nobody is using the printer.
19. Ests terminando tu redaccin? Are you finishing your essay?
20. En realidad, estoy trabajando en mi Actually, Im working on my CV.

currculum.
21. Est funcionando el telfono? Is the phone working?
22. No, no est funcionando otra vez. No, its not working again.
23. Cundo te vas? When are you leaving?
Normalmente no
24. Me voy el viernes. Im leaving on Friday. hace falta emplear
el artculo the con los
das de la semana.
NOTAS

LIST 18 Present simple
Usa el presente simple para acciones habituales o Emplea el verbo auxiliar do o does en las frases
constantes. Por ejemplo: He runs twice a week negativas e interrogativas.
(l corre dos veces a la semana), They dont speak Al verbo principal en la tercera persona del singular
Italian (Ellos no hablan italiano). (he, she, it) hay que aadir -s o, a veces, -es.
1. Dnde trabaja ella? Where does she work?
2. Ella trabaja donde trabajo yo. She works where I work.
Si olvidas la s de
3. Ellos trabajan donde trabaja l. They work where he works.
la tercera persona,
arders para siempre en
el infierno de los ingleses
(que es mucho peor que
4. Trabajamos donde trabajas t. We work where you work. el tuyo!).
5. Trabajo donde trabajan ellos. I work where they work.
6. Trabajan donde trabaja l? Do they work where he works?
7. Trabaja l donde trabajamos nosotros? Does he work where we work?
8. Trabajas donde trabaja ella? Do you work where she works?
9. Trabaja ella donde trabajo yo? Does she work where I work?
10. No trabajo donde trabajan ellos. I dont work where they work.
11. l no trabaja donde trabaja ella. He doesnt work where she works.
12. Dnde vive l? Where does he live?

Ten cuidado
13. No sabemos dnde vive l. We dont know where he lives. de no formar el
interrogativo al final de
esta frase. Muchas veces
omos barbaridades como
14. Ellos no saben dnde vivo yo. They dont know where I live. We dont know where
does he live. Piensa que
en una frase en ingls no
puede haber ms que un
verbo auxiliar.
15. Ella no sabe dnde vivimos. She doesnt know where we live.
16. No s dnde vives. I dont know where you live.
17. l sabe dnde vivimos. He knows where we live.
18. Ellos saben dnde vive ella. They know where she lives.
19. Ella sabe dnde vivo. She knows where I live.
20. S dnde viven. I know where they live.
21. Sabes dnde vivo? Do you know where I live?
22. Saben dnde vive l? Do they know where he lives?
23. Sabe (ella) dnde vivimos? Does she know where we live?
24. Sabe l dnde viven ellos? Does he know where they live?
NOTAS

LIST 19 Future with going to
Solemos emplear el futuro con going to cuando El nico elemento que cambia es el verbo to be:
hablamos de cosas que ya hemos planeado. I am going to, you are going to, he is going to,
etc. El resto es invariable.
Cuando hablamos
1. Vamos a hablar con ellos maana. Were going to speak to them tomorrow. a una velocidad
normal, solemos unir
las palabras going to.
Pueden sonar /guinta/ o
2. No les va a gustar. Theyre not going to like it. incluso /gna/.
3. Vas a comprar un coche nuevo? Are you going to buy a new car?
4. Voy a ver a unos amigos este fin de Im going to see some friends this
semana. weekend.
5. l no va a ganar. Hes not going to win.
6. Va a vender (ella) su piso? Is she going to sell her flat?
7. No, no va a vender su piso. No, shes not going to sell her flat.
8. Vais a intentar convencerla? Are you going to try to convince her?
9. S, vamos a intentar convencerla. Yes, were going to try to convince her.
10. Qu vas a hacer? What are you going to do?
11. Dnde va a ir (l)? Wheres he going to go?
12. Cundo van a llegar? When are they going to arrive?

13. Cmo vamos a hacerlo? How are we going to do it?
14. Cul vais a elegir? Which one are you going to choose?
15. Por qu va a dejar (ella) su empleo? Why is she going to leave her job?
16. No les voy a perdonar. Im not going to forgive them.
17. No te lo vas a creer. Youre not going to believe it.
18. Va a decrselo (l)? Is he going to tell them?
In the floor
significara dentro
del suelo. Algo raro,
19. Vamos a dormir en el suelo? Are we going to sleep on the floor?
verdad?
No confundas
20. Van a construir una biblioteca nueva. Theyre going to build a new library.
library (biblioteca)
con librera, que es
book shop (R.U.) o
book store (EE.UU.).
21. Dnde vas a conseguir el dinero? Where are you going to get the money?
22. Va a haber ms clases? Are there going to be more classes?
23. Va a haber tres ms. There are going to be three more.
24. No va a haber ms. There arent going to be any more.
NOTAS

LIST 20 Future with will
Usa will para hablar del futuro, especialmente cuando Adems, will siempre se contrae con el sujeto cuando
quieras expresar certeza o voluntad de forma enftica. ste es un pronombre: Ill, youll, hell, shell, etc.
Will nunca cambia! I will, you will, he will, El negativo will not se contrae a wont y se
she will y el verbo que le sigue siempre se expresa pronuncia /uunt/.
sin to. Para formar la pregunta invierte el orden del sujeto y el
verbo: She will se convierte en Will she?.
1. Os veremos en el concierto. Well see you at the concert.
2. l no sabr qu hacer. He wont know what to do.
3. Me llamars luego? Will you call me later?
4. Te llamar despus de la reunin. Ill call you after the meeting.
5. Cundo terminar la reunin? When will the meeting end?
6. Estar ella en la reunin? Will she be at the meeting?
7. Qu pensar todo el mundo? What will everyone think?
8. No harn nada. They wont do anything.
Un uso muy
9. Creo que coger el autobs. I think Ill catch the bus. comn de will
es junto al verbo to
think.
10. Creo que ir a casa andando. I think Ill walk home.
11. Creo que tomar un caf. I think Ill have a coffee.
12. No creo que lo compre. I dont think Ill buy it.

13. No creo que vaya a la fiesta. I dont think Ill go to the party.
14. No creo que vaya al gimnasio hoy. I dont think Ill go to the gym today.
15. Crees que vendrs? Do you think youll come?
16. Crees que lo har (l)? Do you think hell do it?
17. Crees que lo terminarn? Do you think theyll finish it?
18. Cundo crees que lo terminarn? When do you think theyll finish it?
Aqu How
19. Cunto tiempo crees que estars all? How long do you think youll be there? long? suena
mucho ms natural que
How much time?.
20. Dnde crees que estarn? Where do you think theyll be?
21. l estar aqu en un minuto. Hell be here in a minute.
22. Ella te llamar cuando est lista. Shell call you when shes ready.
23. Ya vers. Youll see.
24. Estarn contentos. Theyll be pleased.
NOTAS

LIST 21 Future conditional
El condicional futuro se trata de una hiptesis sobre el El condicional if (si) siempre va en la proposicin con
futuro y sus posibles consecuencias. el presente simple y nunca con la de will. Por lo tanto,
Se forma con will en una de las proposiciones nunca decimos If I will.
(consecuencia) y con el presente simple en la otra El orden de las proposiciones no es fijo: a veces la
(hiptesis). hiptesis va primero y otras veces es la consecuencia la
que se coloca en primer lugar.
No se dice
if Dan will do
1. Lo hars si lo hace Dan? Will you do it if Dan does it? it?. If y will nunca
forman parte de la misma
proposicin.
2. No, no lo har si Dan lo hace. No, I wont do it if Dan does it.
3. Lo har si t lo haces. Ill do it if you do it.
4. Bueno, lo har si Diana lo hace. Well, Ill do it if Diana does it.
5. Si no lo hace Diana, quin lo har? If Diana doesnt do it, who will do it?
6. Nadie lo har si Diana no lo hace. Nobody will do it if Diana doesnt do it.
7. Traers un paraguas si llueve? Will you bring an umbrella if it rains?
8. Por supuesto que traer un paraguas si Of course Ill bring an umbrella if it rains.
llueve.
9. Me entendern si hablo despacio? Will they understand me if I speak slowly?
If you dont speak slowly, they wont

10. Si no hablas muy despacio, no te
entendern. understand you.
11. Qu harn si no me entienden? What will they do if they dont understand

me?
12. Se quejarn si no te entienden. Theyll complain if they dont understand

you.

13. Se lo dirs a mi jefe si ellos se quejan? Will you tell my boss if they complain?
14. Tendr que decrselo a tu jefe si ellos se Ill have to tell your boss if they complain.
quejan.
15. Me ayudars si eso pasa? Will you help me if that happens?
16. Te ayudar si me ayudas. Ill help you if you help me.
Cuando la
17. Si te invitan, irs? If they invite you, will you go? hiptesis (if) va
primero, aade una coma
entre las clusulas.
18. S, ir si me invitan. Yes, Ill go if they invite me.
19. Si ganamos, recibiremos un premio? If we win, will we receive a prize?
20. No, no recibiris un premio si ganis. No, you wont receive a prize if you win.
21. Qu pasar si perdemos? What will happen if we lose?
22. No pasar nada si perdis. Nothing will happen if you lose.
23. Qu pasar si no estudio? What will happen if I dont study?
24. No aprenders si no estudias. You wont learn if you dont study.
NOTAS

LIST 22 To be (past)
Emplea was en la primera y tercera persona del que sucede con el presente simple. Por ejemplo,
singular en el pasado del verbo to be. Para las otras Is it interesting? / Was it interesting?.
personas usa were. To be + adjetivo es, en ocasiones, equivalente a
Para formar preguntas con el pasado del verbo to be tener: to be cold (tener fro), to be hot (tener
invierte el orden de was o were y el sujeto, al igual calor), to be hungry (tener hambre), etc.
1. Dnde estuviste el viernes por la Where were you on Friday morning?

maana?
En ingls todo
2. Estuve en casa todo el da. I was at home all day. el da es todo
da. Decimos all day, y
nunca all the day.
3. Dnde estuvieron William y Wendy? Where were William and Wendy?
4. Estuvieron en el trabajo. They were at work.
A werent
5. Por qu no estuviste en el trabajo? Why werent you at work? le sucede lo
mismo que a arent. Se
pronuncia con una sola
slaba. Decimos /urnt/ y
6. No estuve en el trabajo porque estaba I wasnt at work because I was ill. no /urnt/.
enfermo.
7. Estuvo William en el trabajo el Was William at work on Wednesday?

mircoles?
8. No (no estuvo). No, he wasnt.
9. Dnde estuvo? Where was he?
10. Estuvo con el jefe en Washington. He was with the boss in Washington.
11. Estuviste en Washington tambin? Were you in Washington too?
12. No (no estuve). No, I wasnt.

13. Por qu no estuviste con ellos? Why werent you with them?
I wasnt with them because Wendy was

14. No estuve con ellos porque
Wendy estaba sola. alone.
15. Estabas con Wendy, entonces? Were you with Wendy, then?
16. S (estaba). Yes, I was.
En ingls no
17. Cuntos aos tenas cuando naci How old were you when Wendy was born? nacemos sino
Wendy? somos nacidos. Decimos
to be born y no to
born.
18. Yo tena un ao cuando naci Wendy. I was one when Wendy was born.
How old was your mother when you were

19. Cuntos aos tena tu madre cuando
naciste? born?
20. Ella tena veintin aos cuando nac. She was twenty-one when I was born.
How old was William when his wife was

21. Cuantos aos tena William cuando
naci su mujer? born?
William was twenty when his wife was

22. William tena veinte aos cuando
naci su mujer. born.
23. Dnde naciste? Where were you born?
24. Nac en Gales. I was born in Wales.
NOTAS

LIST 23 Regular verbs
En esta lista vamos a practicar la pronunciacin de los (como p, k, sh, s, f), el sufijo -ed del pasado y
verbos regulares en el pasado. participio se pronuncia /-t/.
Cuando el verbo en infinitivo termina con un sonido Cuando el verbo en infinitivo termina con un sonido de
de t y d, el sufijo -ed del pasado y participio se consonante en el que las cuerdas vocales vibran (como
pronuncia /-id/. m, n, r, l, v), el sufijo -ed del pasado y participio
Cuando el verbo en infinitivo termina con un sonido de se pronuncia /-d/.
consonante en el que las cuerdas vocales no vibran
Las ocho
primeras frases
1. Esper a Alex, pero no esper a Julie. I waited for Alex, but I didnt wait for Julie. contienen verbos que
terminan con el sonido
/-id/ en pasado.
They needed some water, but they didnt

2. Necesitaron agua, pero no necesitaron
comida. need any food.
We expected bad weather, but we didnt

3. Esperbamos mal tiempo, pero no
esperbamos un huracn. expect a hurricane.
The boss shouted at Jos, but he didnt

4. El jefe grit a Jos, pero no
grit a Pablo. shout at Pablo.
We accepted his apology, but we didnt

5. Aceptamos sus disculpas, pero no
aceptamos su regalo. accept his gift.
He started on Monday, but he didnt start

6. l empez el lunes, pero no empez por
la maana. in the morning.
Bell didnt invent the radio; he invented

7. Bell no invent la radio; invent el
telfono. the telephone.
Se pusieron en contacto con su madre

They contacted her mother, but they didnt
8. (de ella), pero no se pusieron en
contact her father.
contacto con su padre.
I parked the car, but I didnt park it very Las prximas

9. Aparqu el coche, pero no lo aparqu ocho frases
muy bien. well.
contienen verbos que
terminan con sonido de
/-t/ fuerte en el pasado.
She asked me, but she didnt ask me very
10. Ella me lo pregunt, pero no me lo
pregunt muy amablemente. nicely.
I finished the page, but I didnt finish the

11. Termin la pgina, pero no termin el
captulo. chapter.
We liked the food, but we didnt like the

12. Nos gust la comida, pero no nos gust
el servicio. service.

They washed the sheets, but they didnt
13. Lavaron las sbanas, pero no
lavaron la ropa. wash the clothes.
We talked about the weather, but we didnt

14. Hablamos del tiempo, pero no
hablamos de poltica. talk about politics.
I worked on Saturday, but I didnt work on

15. Trabaj el sbado, pero no trabaj el
domingo. Sunday.
They checked the tyres, but they didnt

16. Revisaron los neumticos, pero no
revisaron los frenos. check the brakes.
He showed us his paintings, but he didnt Estas ltimas

17. l nos ense sus cuadros, pero no nos ocho frases
ense sus esbozos. show us his sketches.
contienen verbos que
terminan con sonido de
una /-d/ inglesa.
I studied French, but I didnt study
18. Estudi francs, pero no estudi alemn.
German.
We used the green one, but we didnt use

19. Utilizamos el verde, pero no
usamos el rojo. the red one.
I believed it when he told me, but I dont

20. Lo cre cuando l me lo cont,
pero no lo creo ahora. believe it now.
He called her last night, but he didnt call

21. l la llam anoche, pero no la llam la
semana pasada. her last week.
They cleaned the windows, but they didnt

22. Limpiaron las ventanas, pero no las
limpiaron muy bien. clean them very well.
It rained yesterday, but it didnt rain the

23. Llovi ayer, pero no llovi el da anterior.
day before.
We received the parcel yesterday, but we

24. Recibimos el paquete ayer, pero no
recibimos los papeles. didnt receive the paperwork.
NOTAS

LIST 24 Irregular verbs (past forms)
Es imperativo que aprendas bien los verbos irregulares, frases muy cortas. Por ejemplo: Everyday I begin,
ya que muchos de ellos son los ms usados del idioma. Yesterday I began, Lately Ive begun.
La forma ms eficaz de aprender los verbos irregulares Recuerda que en la vida real no hay tiempo para decir
no es recitando begin-began-begun, break-broke- o pensar I (begin began begun?) began the report
broken, etc., sino poniendo cada verbo en un contexto yesterday, as que aprender esta lista te ayudar
gramatical que tenga sentido, incluso si se trata de mucho.
I gave him the red one, but I didnt give

1. Le di el rojo, pero no le di el azul.
him the blue one.
He wrote the first book, but he didnt write

2. l escribi el primer libro, pero no
escribi el segundo. the second one.
We drank the orange juice, but we didnt

3. Bebimos el zumo de naranja, pero no
bebimos el zumo de manzana. drink the apple juice.
She ate the first course, but she didnt eat

4. Ella comi el primer plato, pero no
comi el segundo plato. the second course.
They stole the TV, but they didnt steal the

5. Robaron la tele, pero no robaron las
joyas. jewels.
Aunque existen las

6. Me hice dao en la rodilla, pero no me I hurt my knee, but I didnt hurt my elbow.
hice dao en el codo. expresiones to do
harm y to do damage,
en este contexto suena
ms natural emplear el
They lost the umbrella, but they didnt lose
7. Perdieron el paraguas, pero no verbo irregular to hurt.
perdieron el mapa. the map.
I knew his niece, but I didnt know his

8. Conoca a su sobrina (de l), pero no
conoca a su sobrino. nephew.
She read the card, but she didnt read the

9. Ella ley la tarjeta, pero no ley la carta.
letter.
He threw the bottle, but he didnt throw Threw se

10. l tir la botella, pero no tir la piedra. pronuncia /zru/ y
the stone.
nunca /zriu/.
We met his cousin, but we didnt meet his

11. Conocimos a su primo (de l), pero no
conocimos a su ta. aunt.
We heard the explosion, but we didnt hear

12. Omos la explosin, pero no omos a la
polica. the police.

They broke the glass, but they didnt break
13. Rompieron el cristal, pero no rompieron
el marco. the frame.
We chose the curtains, but we didnt

14. Elegimos las cortinas, pero no elegimos la
moqueta. choose the carpet.
I drove last night, but I didnt drive the

15. Conduje anoche, pero no conduje la
semana anterior. week before.
She kept the ring, but she didnt keep the

16. Ella se qued con el anillo, pero no se
qued con el vestido. dress.
They won the battle, but they didnt win

17. Ganaron la batalla, pero no ganaron la
guerra. the war.
He spoke Hungarian, but he didnt speak

18. l habl en hngaro, pero no habl en
polaco. Polish.
He wore a scarf, but he didnt wear any

19. l llev puesta una bufanda, pero no llev
puestos guantes. gloves.
Marta came to the party, but her boyfriend

20. Marta vino a la fiesta, pero no vino su
novio. didnt come.
They made a cake, but they didnt make an

21. Hicieron una tarta, pero no hicieron una
tortilla. omelette.
We shut the door, but we didnt shut the La u de shut

22. Cerramos la puerta, pero no cerramos la se pronuncia
ventana. window.
como una a castellana,
pero con la boca ms
abierta: /shat/.
I forgot the present, but I didnt forget the
23. Se me olvid el regalo, pero no se me
olvid la tarjeta. card.
We brought some food, but we didnt bring

24. Trajimos comida, pero no trajimos bebida.
any drink.
NOTAS

LIST 25 The accusative
La estructura que hemos llamado acusativo (aunque Como no hay un subjuntivo en ingls, la estructura es
en realidad no tiene nombre) se forma de una manera bastante ms sencilla: sujeto + want + pronombre
muy distinta a cmo lo hacis en castellano: Quiero que indirecto + verbo infinitivo (con to).
vengas es I want you to come. Otros ejemplos son: Nunca digas I want that you.
I want her to come, She wants them to come, etc.
I want that you

1. Quiero que lo hagas. I want you to do it. do it? Nunca!
Quita el that y aade el
verbo bsico con to, y
ya est!
2. l quiere que nosotros lo hagamos. He wants us to do it.
3. Ellos no quieren que l lo haga. They dont want him to do it.
4. Nosotros no queremos que ella lo haga. We dont want her to do it.
5. Quieres que lo hagan ellos? Do you want them to do it?
6. Quiere ella que lo hagas? Does she want you to do it?
7. Cundo quieres que yo est all? When do you want me to be there?
8. Cundo quiere (l) que estemos all? When does he want us to be there?
9. Dnde quieren que vayas? Where do they want you to go?
10. Dnde quieres que yo vaya? Where do you want me to go?
11. Ellos quieren que ella se vaya a casa. They want her to go home.
12. Queremos que ellos se vayan a casa. We want them to go home.

What does she
13. Qu quiere ella que hagamos? What does she want us to do? want that we do??
Nunca! Quita el that y
aade el verbo bsico con
to. Es tan fcil, verdad?
14. Qu quieren que hagas? What do they want you to do?
15. No quiero que os vayis. I dont want you to go.
16. l no quiere que nos vayamos. He doesnt want us to go.
17. Quieres que venga ella? Do you want her to come?
18. Quiere l que vengan? Does he want them to come?
19. Qu queris que traigamos? What do you want us to bring?
20. Qu quiere (ella) que l traiga? What does she want him to bring?
21. Cuntos quiere (l) que traigan? How many does he want them to bring?
22. Cuntos quieren que traigas? How many do they want you to bring?
23. Cunta agua quieres que lleve yo? How much water do you want me to take?
24. Cunto dinero quiere (ella) que How much money does she
llevemos? want us to take?
NOTAS

LIST 26 Too + adjective / Adjective + enough
Too, adems de tambin, significa demasiado/a no se puede decir enough rich, sino rich enough
cuando se coloca delante de un adjetivo. (suficientemente rico/a).
Enough significa suficientemente o lo suficiente y Que no te despiste la ortografa. Enough se pronuncia
siempre se coloca despus de los adjetivos. Por lo tanto, /inaf/.
Nunca empleamos
1. Esta lista es demasiado difcil. This list is too difficult. too much con
los adjetivos.
2. Qu? No es lo suficientemente difcil! What? Its not difficult enough!
3. El discurso del presidente fue The presidents speech was too long.
demasiado largo.
4. Qu? No fue lo suficientemente largo! What? It wasnt long enough!
5. Carmen conduce demasiado rpido. Carmen drives too fast.
6. Qu? No conduce lo suficientemente What? She doesnt drive fast enough!

rpido!
7. Creo que el producto nuevo es I think the new product is too expensive.
demasiado caro.
8. Qu? No es lo suficientemente caro! What? Its not expensive enough!
9. Ests suficientemente calentito? Are you warm enough?
10. En realidad, tengo demasiado calor. Actually, Im too hot.
11. Ests suficientemente fresco? Are you cool enough?
12. En realidad, tengo demasiado fro. Actually, Im too cold.

13. Es suficientemente larga la carta? Is the letter long enough?
14. En realidad, creo que es Actually, I think its too long.

demasiado larga.
Recuerda:
15. Es suficientemente grande tu Is your room big enough? adjetivo + enough,
habitacin? nunca al revs.
16. No, es demasiado pequea. No, its too small.
17. Es suficientemente pequeo este mvil? Is this mobile phone small enough?
18. No, es demasiado grande. No, its too big.
Im not tall enough to be

19. No soy suficientemente alto para ser un
jugador de baloncesto. a basketball player.
20. Soy demasiado bajo. Im too short.
21. l no es suficientemente fuerte para Hes not strong enough to carry me.
llevarme en brazos.
22. Es demasiado dbil. Hes too weak.
The films not exciting enough

23. La pelcula no es lo suficientemente
emocionante para ser un xito. to be a success.
24. Es demasiado aburrida. Its too boring.
NOTAS

LIST 27 Too much / Too many + noun / Enough + noun
Cuando se trata de los sustantivos, too se convierte en Por otro lado, enough, en vez de ir en segundo lugar
too many o too much segn hablemos de sustantivos como con los adjetivos, precede al sustantivo. Por lo
contables o incontables. tanto, no digas money enough, sino enough money
(suficiente dinero, dinero suficiente).
Are there too many or not Recuerda que

1. Hay demasiados o no hay suficientes decimos enough
coches en Madrid? enough cars in Madrid?
+ sustantivo, y nunca al
revs.
2. Hay demasiada o no hay suficiente Is there too much or not

agua en Espaa? enough water in Spain?
3. Hay demasiada comida para dos Theres too much food for two people.
personas.
4. Hay demasiada gente aqu. There are too many people here.
5. Tenemos bastante vino? Do we have enough wine?
6. Creo que tenemos demasiado vino. I think we have too much wine.
7. Hay suficientes sillas? Are there enough chairs?
8. No, no hay suficientes sillas. No, there arent enough chairs.
Money enough?
9. Tienes suficiente dinero? Do you have enough money? Ni pensarlo!
10. No, no tengo suficiente dinero. No, I dont have enough money.
11. Ganan demasiado dinero los jugadores Do footballers earn too much money?
de ftbol?
12. S, los jugadores de ftbol ganan Yes, footballers earn too much money.
demasiado dinero.

13. No tenemos suficiente tiempo. We dont have enough time.
14. No hay horas suficientes en el da. There arent enough hours in the day.
15. Hay demasiados errores en este artculo. There are too many mistakes in this article.
16. No pongas demasiado azcar en mi caf. Dont put too much sugar in my coffee.
17. Hay demasiada sal en esta sopa. Theres too much salt in this soup.
18. No se lo contaste a suficiente gente. You didnt tell enough people about it.
19. Hay demasiados coches. There are too many cars.
20. Hay demasiado trfico. Theres too much traffic.
21. No suficiente gente usa el transporte Not enough people use public transport.
pblico.
22. Tenemos suficientes vasos? Do we have enough glasses?
23. No hagas demasiado ruido. Dont make too much noise.
24. Muchas manos en un plato hacen Too many cooks spoil the broth.
mucho garabato.
NOTAS

LIST 28 Make vs. Do
En algunos casos saber cundo usar to make y Sin embargo, en muchos otros casos saber cundo usar
cundo emplear to do es pura lgica: to make un verbo u otro es resultado de pura prctica.
significa hacer en el sentido de fabricar, mientras
que to do significa hacer en el sentido de realizar o
desempear.
Esta lista trata

1. Lavar los platos si haces la cama. Ill do the dishes if you make the bed. de una serie de
expresiones que hay
que memorizar. No hay
una regla concreta para
2. Haz una lista de todo lo que tengo que Make a list of everything I have to do. ayudarte con to make y
hacer. to do. Lo sentimos!
3. No cometas ningn error. Dont make any mistakes.
4. Me puedes hacer un favor? Can you do me a favour?
Can you make the arrangements

5. Puedes hacer los preparativos para el
viaje? for the trip?
6. Hiciste tus deberes ayer? Did you do your homework yesterday?
7. No pongas excusas! Dont make excuses!
8. Haz tu trabajo! Do your work!
9. Puedes hacer una excepcin? Can you make an exception?
10. Hazlo lo mejor que puedas. Do the best you can.
11. Ests haciendo progresos. Youre making progress.
12. Tengo que escribir un trabajo sobre I have to do an essay on Goya.

Goya.

En realidad, se
13. Luego, tengo que hacer una Then, I have to make a presentation. puede emplear
presentacin.
tanto to make
como to do para las
presentaciones.
14. Me puedes hacer una fotocopia? Can you make a photocopy for me?
15. Es fcil hacer amigos en este curso. Its easy to make friends on this course.
16. Yo cocinar si t planchas. Ill do the cooking if you do the ironing.
17. Vas a hacer la compra tambin? Are you going to do the shopping too?
18. No lo desordenes! Dont make a mess!
19. Ests haciendo demasiado ruido. Youre making too much noise.
20. Hacemos negocios con ellos. We do business with them.
21. Qu haremos si causan problemas? What will we do if they make trouble?
22. Haz lo que puedas. Do what you can.
23. Hiciste una tarta? Did you make a cake? No hay una
regla con to
make vs. to do.
Hay que memorizar las
expresiones: to make
24. Tendrs que arreglrtelas, entonces. Youll have to make do, then! the bed, to do your
homework, etc.
NOTAS

LIST 29 To get + adjective
En muchas ocasiones, los verbos reflexivos en Recuerda que los adjetivos en ingls son invariables en
castellano se expresan en ingls con el verbo to get, a gnero y nmero. Por lo tanto, el nico elemento que
menudo seguido de un adjetivo. cambia en estas expresiones es el verbo to get.
1. Me estoy enfadando! Im getting angry!
2. Se estn cansando. Theyre getting tired.
3. Tu ingls est mejorando. Your English is getting better.
4. Est mejorando mi espaol tambin? Is my Spanish getting better too?
5. Cundo se casan? When are they getting married?
6. Mi hermano se casa la semana que My brothers getting married next week.

viene.
7. Te cansas fcilmente? Do you get tired easily?
En el Reino Unido
8. Te pondrs enfermo si comes todo ese Youll get sick if you eat all that chocolate. se dice ms to
chocolate.
get ill mientras que en
Estados Unidos suelen
decir to get sick.
9. Las cosas se pusieron peor despus de Things got worse after the elections.
las elecciones.
10. No te preocupes; las cosas mejorarn. Dont worry; things will get better.
11. Est oscureciendo. Its getting dark.
12. Ten cuidado de no manchar tu vestido. Be careful not to get your dress dirty.

13. Si lo haces, me enfadar. If you do, Ill get angry.
14. Vas a mojarte si no llevas un paraguas. Youre going to get wet if you
dont bring an umbrella.
15. Vas a perderte si no llevas un mapa. Youre going to get lost if you
dont bring a map.
16. George se pierde siempre. George always gets lost.
17. Por qu se pierde siempre? Why does he always get lost?
18. Tu madre se enfadar si te mojas. Your mother will get angry if you get wet.
19. A qu hora oscurece aqu? What time does it get dark here?
20. Har el desayuno cuando te vistas. Ill make breakfast when you get dressed.
21. Cundo te vas a vestir? When are you going to get dressed?
22. Es hora de organizarse. Its time to get organized.
Aunque hay
muchos verbos
reflexivos en castellano
23. Creo que te ests confundiendo. I think youre getting confused. que corresponden a
to get + adjetivo, hay
algunas excepciones:
afeitarse (to shave, no
24. Nos estamos aburriendo! Were getting bored! to get shaved), lavarse
(to wash, no to get
washed), etc.
NOTAS

LIST 30 Say vs. Tell
Cuando simplemente decimos algo, empleamos el Said y told no slo significan dije, dijiste, dijo,
verbo to say. En cambio, cuando le decimos algo a dijimos, etc., sino tambin dije que, dijiste que,
alguien empleamos el verbo to tell. dijo que, dijimos que, etc., ya que en ingls solemos
omitir la palabra that.
Mencionamos a
quin lo tiene que
decir? No? Entonces el
1. Di lo que piensas. Say what you think. verbo es to say.
Mencionamos a
2. Dime lo que piensas. Tell me what you think. quin lo tiene que
decir? S? Entonces el
verbo es to tell.
3. No dijeron adnde iban. They didnt say where they were going.
4. No nos dijeron adnde iban. They didnt tell us where they were going.
5. Dijo algo (ella)? Did she say anything?
6. Te dijo algo (ella)? Did she tell you anything?
7. Qu vas a decir? What are you going to say?
8. Qu vas a decirles? What are you going to tell them?
9. l no sabe qu decir. He doesnt know what to say.
10. l le dir (a ella) todo. Hell tell her everything.
11. Qu dijeron? What did they say?
12. Te dije lo que dijeron. I told you what they said.

Said se
13. Dijeron lo que les dije que dijeran. They said what I told them to say. pronuncia /sed/
como tener sed.
14. No digas ni una palabra! Dont say a word!
15. No me digas la respuesta! Dont tell me the answer!
16. S lo que l dijo. I know what he said.
17. l nos dijo todas las respuestas. He told us all the answers.
18. Cundo nos dirs lo que pas? When will you tell us what happened?
19. No me puedo creer lo que dijiste. I cant believe what you said.
20. Oste lo que ella dijo? Did you hear what she said?
21. Dmelo ms tarde. Tell me later.
22. Dirn lo que quieras. Theyll say whatever you want.
23. Por qu les dijiste eso? Why did you tell them that?
24. Te lo contar ms tarde. Ill tell you later.
NOTAS

vocabulary
Esta seccin se centra en el aprendizaje de vocabulario ingls (parte de este lxico los
verbos compuestos recibe un tratamiento preferente ms adelante en este manual). Habr
vocabulario que ya conozcas, pero recuerda que nuestro propsito principal es que transformes
tu conocimiento formal en dominio oral. En este sentido, es especialmente importante que prestes
atencin a la pronunciacin de las palabras resaltadas en cada seccin y que podrs escuchar en
la seccin UIMP de la pgina web de Vaughan Systems (www.grupovaughan.com).
Vers que en la seccin Verbal Agility hemos dispuesto un espacio destinado a tus notas.
Utilzalo y no tengas miedo de emborronar el libro. Ese primer pensamiento, esa primera
pregunta con respecto a las palabras de la pgina puede tener un efecto determinante en el
proceso de adquisicin del vocabulario. Ms an, para la memorizacin de este vocabulario te
sugerimos que crees tu propio diccionario: un diario de vocabulario donde puedas registrar las
palabras nuevas y todo lo que se te ocurra para asociarlas a tu mundo: situaciones, personas,
canciones... Cuantas ms conexiones establezcas, ms sentido cobrar todo este vocabulario
y ms fcil te resultar recordarlo. Nadie puede hacer esto por ti, as que
chale una mano a tu cerebro!
VOCABULARY Physical descriptions
Aqu encontrars diez palabras que tienen que ver con el aspecto fsico.
height altura /jhit/ hairy peludo/a /jhri/

weight peso /uit/ skinny flaco/a /sssquni/
average medio/a /vvverich/ well-built fornido/a /ul-bilt/
slim delgado/a /slim/ overweight con sobrepeso /vvver-ueit/
chubby regordete/a /chabi/ stocky bajo/a y fornido/a /ssstoqui/
Ahora arrancamos con unas cuantas preguntas que incluyen las palabras vistas. Tu profesor/a te har mil ms!
Whats your height? What do you think about men who

shave their legs so that theyre not hairy?
Are you above or below average
Are hairy men considered to be more
Height height? Hairy
masculine?
Could you tell me your height in feet Are there any advantages in being
and inches? hairy?
Are some models too skinny?

Whats your weight? What advice would you give to a very
skinny person?
Weight What is a healthy weight? Skinny
Can you describe the difference
Whats the right weight for my height? between a skinny person and a slim
person?
Whats the average height of a Is it necessary for footballers to be

Spanish woman? well-built?
Average Do you consider yourself to have an Well-built Are men more attractive if they are
average build? well-built?
Whats the average weight of a Whats your definition of a well-built
new-born baby? man?
Is there too much pressure put on Is it better to be overweight or

people to be slim nowadays? underweight?
Do you think most Spanish people are
Slim Are people slimmer now than they Overweight
overweight?
were 100 years ago?
Do Americans have a fair or an unfair
Whats the best way to stay slim? reputation for being overweight?
Whats the difference between a In which sports do we typically find

chubby person and a fat person? stocky people?
Chubby Can dogs and cats be chubby? Stocky Do stocky people tend to be stronger?
What famous chubby people can you Are there any animals that you could
think of? describe as being stocky?
Key Points:
Recuerda bien que hay que tener mucho tacto cuando describimos el fsico de la gente. Evita utilizar palabras que podran causar
ofensa como fat y skinny. Hay que buscar sinnimos delicados o eufemismos!
Para preguntar a alguien por su altura las formas ms comunes son: How tall are you? o Whats your height?. Si preguntas por el
peso hay que decir Whats your weight? o How much do you weigh? No digas nunca How heavy are you?!

Verbal Agility Dos verbos a machacar!
Does Sarah seem well? TO SEEM (LIKE) Does it seem like she just woke up?
Does she seem tired? How does her hair seem?
Does it seem like she What room of the house does

slept well last night? she seem to be in?
Does it seem like she Does it seem like its

had a late night? the morning or the evening?
Does it seem like she Does it seem like shes ready to go to

has a hangover? work?
PARECER
To seem es el verbo que usamos para expresar

Hay que poner like despus del verbo si va seguido
parecer en general. Si quieres ser ms especfico/a,
de un sustantivo o de sujeto + verbo. Pero si el verbo va
puedes utilizar los verbos to look (like) (parecerse a),
seguido de un adjetivo no hace falta poner like.
to sound (like) (sonar a/como), to taste (like) (saber a),
to smell (like) (oler a) y to feel (like) (parecer a).
NOTAS
Who does John look like? TO LOOK LIKE Is it possible to say what a typical
Spanish or English person looks like?
Does John look like Jack?
Do you look like your mother
Do they look like they are brothers or or do you look like your father?
do they look like theyre friends?
Do you look like any of your
Do they look like theyre happy or sad? brothers and sisters?
Does Jack look like hes Does your teacher look like a teacher?
more informal than his brother?
Do you look like anybody famous?
PARECERSE A
Asegrate de pronunciar bien la k a final de look y En ingls existe el sustantivo a look-alike. Significa ser
like. Nada nos suena peor que alguien diciendo algo el doble de alguien. Por ejemplo, hay personas que
del estilo you loo lie somebody famous. Practcalo: se ganan la vida porque son look-alikes de alguien
You looK liKe somebody famous. famoso.

VOCABULARY Airports & Flying
Aqu encontrars diez palabras que tienen que ver con el mundo de la aviacin.
suitcase maleta /stkeis/ to take off despegar /tu tikoff/

luggage equipaje /laguich/ departure salida /diprcha/
to check in facturar /tu chekn/ flight vuelo /flit/
boarding embarque /brding/ to land aterrizar /tu land/
seat asiento /sit/ customs aduana /cstams/
Do you usually try to put too many Do you follow the safety instructions
things into your suitcase? before the flight takes off?
Suitcase Do you always pack your own To take off How do you feel when a plane
suitcase? takes off?
How many suitcases do you usually What do you think is more dangerous:
take with you on holiday? when a plane takes off or when it lands?
Can you explain the difference between What do you like to do in the departure
a suitcase and luggage? lounge before the plane takes off?
Luggage Are luggage and baggage
Departure What word is the opposite of departure?
the same thing?
How much luggage do low cost airlines Do planes always take off at their
let you take on board? correct departure time?
Is it always necessary to check in at Can you remember your first flight ever?
airports? How many flights were you on
Can you check in automatically these Flight last year?
To check in days in airports?
What are the earliest and the latest How do you usually spend your time
times that you can check in? on a flight?
Do you have to have a boarding card Do you ever feel scared when
for all flights these days? the plane is landing?
Boarding Can you explain what a boarding To land Can you take your seatbelt off as soon
gate is? as the plane lands?
If your flight leaves at 1 pm, what Do you turn your phone on as soon as
time will you start boarding the plane? the plane lands?
How many seats are there on a normal Are customs officers famous for being
plane? And on a jumbo jet? happy and friendly people?
Do you prefer a window seat or
Seat Customs What is the purpose of customs?
an aisle seat?
Whats the difference between seats in Can you tell us about a time you had
economy class and in business class? an unpleasant experience in customs?
Key Words:
No hay ninguna diferencia entre luggage and baggage. Significan lo mismo, aunque tambin utilizamos baggage en el sentido
metafrico. Por ejemplo: He has a lot of emotional baggage.
To take off tiene dos significados. El primero, que vemos aqu, es despegar, pero tambin significa quitarse (ropa).
Intenta recordar los verbos con sus antnimos. Si estamos hablando de aviones, el contrario de to take off es to land. Ahora, si
hablamos de ropa el contrario de to take off es to put on.
Recuerda siempre: a trip (un viaje) es el sustantivo, mientras que el verbo es to travel (viajar).

Is Sarah waiting for a train or TO ARRIVE What time did you arrive this morning?
for a plane to arrive?
What time will you arrive tomorrow?
Is her husband or her sister
going to arrive? What time did the teacher arrive at
the class today?
Do planes normally arrive on time?
Are you usually one of the first or one of
Do you usually arrive on the last people to arrive at a party?
time to most places?
What do you say to someone when
Did you arrive late yesterday? you arrive late for a date?
LLEGAR
Recuerda: we arrive at sitios pequeos, como una To get to tambin significa llegar. Sin embargo,
estacin de trenes o una oficina, pero we arrive in sitios y a diferencia de to arrive, siempre hay que poner
grandes, como ciudades, pases o continentes. Pero el destino despus del verbo y casi siempre con la
nunca decimos to arrive to. preposicin to. Por ejemplo: I got to the office at 9.
NOTAS
Does Jack look like he likes flying? TO FLY Are you scared of flying?
Is Jack flying in a plane When did you first fly in a plane?

or in a helicopter?
How many times did you fly
Is it normal for planes to fly when in a plane last year?
the weather is very bad?
Can planes fly all around
Is it safer to fly or to drive a car? the world without stopping?
Do you prefer to fly or to go by plain? Are you planning to fly in

the next few months?
VOLAR
No olvides que to fly es un verbo irregular. El participio No la les, pronncialo bien! Un vuelo es a flight y no
pasado es flown y el pasado simple es flew, y se a fly que significa una mosca!
pronuncia /flu/.

VOCABULARY Body
Aqu encontrars diez palabras que tienen que ver con el cuerpo.
shoulder hombro /shuda/ hips caderas /jhips/

elbow codo /lbou/ waist cintura /uist/
lungs pulmones /langs/ knee rodilla /ni/
liver hgado /lvvva/ ankle tobillo /nkel/
kidneys riones /kdnis/ toe dedo del pie /tou/
What sports or exercises can make Are mens hips the same as
your shoulders broader? womens hips?
What does to give someone the cold Why do women have wider hips
Shoulder shoulder mean? Hips
than men?
Whose shoulder do you cry on when When would you use the expression
you feel sad? shake your hips?
Can you define where your waist is?

Can you lick your elbow?
Do you know your waist size in British
What does the elbow connect?
Elbow Waist measurements?
What do you think to elbow your way
What advice could you give a man if
through a crowd means?
his waistline is growing?!
What is the main function of the lungs? What two parts of the body do
the knees connect?
Why is smoking so bad for the lungs
Why is it very common for footballers
Lungs in particular? Knee
to suffer from knee injuries?
How long can you keep the air in your Do you have any idea what a
lungs without breathing out?! knobbly knee is?
Can you point to where the liver is in How could you injure your ankle?
your body? What is a wrist and why is it similar
Liver Do you like pigs liver? Ankle to an ankle?
Whats the relationship between Do you know what an anklet is? Can
alcohol and the liver? you eat it, play with it or wear it?
How many kidneys do you have?

How many toes do you have?
Is it possible to live with only
Are toes useful? Why?
Kidneys one kidney? Toe
If I tell you to keep on your toes
Can you explain how to make
what does that mean?
Jerez style kidneys?
Key Point:
En ingls, a diferencia del castellano, cuando hablamos de las partes de nuestros cuerpos siempre utilizamos los adjetivos posesivos:
My ankle hurts, Does your shoulder hurt?, Theyre operating on his liver.
Key Words:
No confundas ankle con uncle (to)! Aunque se parecen, son muy diferentes. Ankle se pronuncia /ncol/ y uncle es
/aancou/.
No digas the fingers of the feet, por favor! En ingls tenemos toes!

Is Susie growing much? TO GROW Can our diet affect the way we grow?
011
June 2
110cm
How much did she grow in 2010? 010
Which grows more quickly: toenails or
ber 2
Decem
10 5 cm finger nails?
Do children grow quickly? June 2
010
100cm
009
Does your hair grow quickly?
ber 2
Decem
Are you still growing? 95cm
June 2
009 How much does your hair grow in a
90cm
When do people stop growing? month?
Is it true that peoples noses and ear

lobes never stop growing?
CRECER
Ojo con el verbo to grow up! No significa crecer, sino Ya hemos visto el verbo irregular to fly. To grow es
hacerse mayor. muy parecido en sus formas irregulares. El participio
pasado es grown y el pasado simple es grew, y se
pronuncia como true: /gr/.
NOTAS
Are Anne and Paul getting old?

TO GET OLD Do some people seem to get older
more quickly than others?
Do you worry about getting old?
What are some of the good
Do you sometimes feel things about getting old?
like youre getting old?
Do people become more
How do our faces change conservative as they get older?
when we get old?
At what age do people think that a
Does time seem to go by footballer is getting old?
more quickly the older we get?
Do you think that one day we will
ENVEJECER have technology that stops us from
getting old?
Hay muchsimos verbos en ingls que se forman to get Igual que decimos to get + adjetivo, podemos decir
+ adjetivo. Todos expresan algn cambio o proceso. Por tambin to get + comparativo: He gets angry, He
ejemplo: to get rich, to get red, to get nervous, to gets angrier.
get ill , to get angry, etc.

VOCABULARY Body actions
Aqu presentamos diez palabras que tienen que ver con acciones que realizan nuestros cuerpos.
to breathe respirar /tu briz/ to snore roncar /tu sssnor/

to cough toser /tu cof/ to blush ruborizarse /tu blsh/
to sneeze estornudar /tu snis/ to sweat sudar /tu sut/
hiccup hipo /jhcap/ to blink parpadear /tu blinc/
to yawn bostezar /tu ion/ to wink guiar el ojo /tu unc/
Do you breathe through your nose or Do you snore?

through your mouth?
What are the ways to stop someone
Is it more or less difficult to breathe
To snore from snoring?
To breathe at high altitudes?
How many times do you think you Is it true that we snore more often if
breathe in and out in a minute? we sleep on our backs?
Do some people blush more easily

Are there certain times of the year when than others?
youre more likely to have a cough?
To cough To blush Why do people blush?
Do people who smoke cough more?
Are there different types of cough? Can you remember the last time you
blushed? Why?
Is it possible to keep your eyes open

when you sneeze? When and why do we sweat?
What word or noise do you make Do men sweat more than women?
To To sweat
sneeze when you sneeze? If we sweat when we are very hot,
What substances can cause people what do we do when we are very cold?
to sneeze?
How long can you go without blinking?

When and why do we get the hiccups?
What happens to your eyes when you
What are the best ways to cure
Hiccup To blink dont blink?
the hiccups?
How many times do you think you
How often do you get the hiccups?
blink in a minute?
What are we saying to people

Do animals yawn?
when we wink?
Do you find that yawns are contagious?
To yawn To wink Can you wink with both eyes?
Is it possible to yawn without opening
What do you think the expression
your mouth?
to have forty winks means?
Key Point I:
Cuando alguien estornuda en ingls no le digas Jesus o te mirarn con cara extraa! En ingls decimos Bless you!, que significa
Que te bendigan. Antes se deca God bless you!, pero casi nadie lo dice hoy en da.
Key Words:
Ten cuidado de no confundir el verbo to breathe con el sustantivo breath. La primera palabra significa respirar y la segunda
significa aliento. Por ejemplo: To be out of breath (Estar sin aire) o To have bad breath (Tener mal aliento).

Is Sarah having much luck

TO MOVE Can you move all of your toes?
in moving the bookshelf?
Can you move your ears without
Is she trying to move the bookshelf by touching them?
pushing it or by pulling it?
If youre freezing cold, is it better to
Does she need some help move or to stay still?
to move the bookshelf?
How long can you stay perfectly still
Do you think you could move that without moving a muscle?
bookshelf by yourself?
Do you have good moves on
Do you move a lot in bed the dance floor?
when youre sleeping? MOVER
Cuando nos mudamos de casa tambin utilizamos el To move tambin significa conmover: to move
verbo to move en ingls: to move house. someone to tears (hacer llorar a alguien), to be moved
(estar conmovido/a).
NOTAS
Where is Jack sleeping? TO SLEEP Do you sleep too little, too much
or just enough?
Do you ever see people sleeping
on public transport? How many hours do you usually sleep?
Do you think he decided How many hours do you think you need
to sleep on purpose? to sleep?
TRAIN STATION
Is it possible to sleep standing up? How do you feel if you dont sleep
enough?
Whats the strangest place
that you slept in? Do fish and birds sleep?
DORMIR
Quedarse dormido/a es to fall asleep y estar Cuidado con la pronunciacin de sleep. No queremos
dormido/a es to be asleep. escuchar ninguna especie de e delante de la s inicial.
Exagera el sonido inicial de la s: /sssssliip/!

VOCABULARY Work place
Aqu encontrars diez palabras que tienen que ver con el mbito del mundo laboral.
duties tareas /dtis/ break descanso /breik/

in charge of responsable de /inchrchof/ schedule programa /ssskedyl/
workmate compaero/a de trabajo /urkmeit/ working day da laboral /urking dei/
paperwork papeleo /peipa-urk/ budget presupuesto /bchit/
trade union sindicato /treid ion/ employee empleado/a /emploi/
What are the typical duties of a Is it important to have breaks?

manager? Whats your opinion of cigarette
Duties Is it better to have a job with lots of Break breaks?
duties or with few duties? If you work eight hours a day, how
What duties do parents have? many breaks do you think you need?
Whos usually in charge of looking

What is an ideal schedule for you?
after the money in a company?
Do you work better if you have a fixed
In charge of What department is in charge of hiring Schedule
or a free schedule?
and firing people?
Do you have a study schedule?
Are you in charge of anything?
Do you sometimes have to be careful What is a typical working day for a

with what you say to your workmates? civil servant?
Is it important to have a lot How many working days are there
Workmate Working day
of workmates? in a year?
Is it a good idea to do things that help How many working days do you need
improve team spirit among workmates? for a check to clear at the bank?
Do we have more or less paperwork Who is normally in charge of looking

these days because of computers? after the budget in a company?
Do the police have to do a lot Do you have a monthly or a weekly
Paperwork Budget
of paperwork? budget?
When was the last time you had a lot What are the typical ways that a
of paperwork to do? company can save money on its budget?
What is the function of a trade union? What word is the opposite of employee?
What are the most famous trade How many employees are there in a
Trade union unions in Spain? Employee PYME?
Are trade unions stronger or weaker What companies in Spain or in the
than they were 30 years ago? world have the most employees?
Key Point:
La mejor manera de decir Soy el/la responsable de es Im in charge of.... Tambin puedes decir Im responsable for, pero
nunca Im responsible of!
Key Word:
La palabra mate significa amigo/a o compaero/a. Se utiliza con frecuencia como sufijo para expresar la idea de compaero/a
de. Estudia los siguientes ejemplos: classmate, roommate, flatmate, housemate, schoolmate, teammate, cellmate,
playmate, shipmate, soulmate.

Is Sarah chatting with her workmate or is TO CHAT Do you spend more time chatting on
she chatting with her flatmate? the phone or on the Internet?
Are they chatting during their lunch Do you spend a lot of time chatting with
break or during a coffee break? your friends?
Where are they chatting? Do you often chat in Internet chat

rooms?
Does it seem like theyre chatting about
something serious? What do you think a chat show
on TV is?
What do you usually chat about with
your friends? In your opinion, who chats more: men
CHARLAR or women?
To chat someone up es un buen verbo compuesto que

Un chat en Internet es a chat room.
conviene conocer. Significa tratar de ligar con alguien!
NOTAS
TO PREPARE
Is Jack preparing for a meeting or is he Did you prepare the clothes that you are
wearing today before you went to bed
preparing for a trip? last night?
Does he seem well-prepared Do you usually prepare

or badly prepared? your own dinner?
Do you always prepare things well? When did you last prepare a
special meal for someone?
Do you prepare well for exams?
Are you preparing to do anything
Did you prepare all your interesting for your next holiday?
homework for todays classes?
How are you preparing for your life in
PREPARAR the next few months?
Si despus de to prepare incluyes otro verbo, ste

Siempre utilizamos la preposicin for con el verbo
siempre va en el infintivo con to: Im preparing to
to prepare: to prepare for something, to prepare
take my driving test, Hes preparing to take part in the
somebody for something.
Olympics, etc.

VOCABULARY Calendar
Aqu encontrars diez palabras que tienen que ver con el calendario.
daily diario /dili/ appointment cita /apintment/

weekly semanal /ukli/ season estacin/temporada /ssan/
diary agenda /diri/ decade dcada /dkeid/
timetable horario /taim-tibul/ century siglo /snchuri/
date fecha /deit/ to plan planificar /tu plan/
Whats your daily routine? Can you remember the date of your
last dentists appointment?
Do you read (or buy) a daily
Do you ever have appointments to see
Daily newspaper? Appointment
your bank manager?
Do you try to do exercise on a Is it easy to make an appointment to
daily basis? see the doctor in your town?
Do you clean your house on a daily or

on a weekly basis? What season are we in at the moment?
Do you think its better to be paid
Season Whats your favourite season and why?
Weekly weekly or monthly?
Whats your favourite weekly How long does the football season last?
programme on TV or on the radio?
Do you use a diary to write down your How many years are there in a
thoughts? decade?
Do you use a diary to help organize
Diary Decade What decade were you born in?
your dates and appointments?
How do we refer to the decade
Do you use an old fashioned book-type from the years 1920 to 1929?
diary or an electronic diary?
What century are we in?

Do you have a study timetable?
What century was Cervantes born in?
Are train and bus timetables reliable
Timetable Century (16th!)
in your city?
Are some timetables difficult to read? How many centuries are there in a
millennium?
Whats your date of birth? Are you planning to go on

holiday soon?
Whats the date today?
Date To plan What are you planning to do tonight?
Does Easter Sunday always fall on
Do you usually plan what you are
the same date? going to do at the weekend?
Key Point:
La mejor correspondencia en ingls a la pregunta Qu piensas hacer? es What are you planning to do? No digas What are you
thinking to do? El verbo to think nunca va seguido del infinitivo con to. Se puede decir to think about doing something, lo que
significa pensar en hacer algo.
Key Word:
Date no slo significa fecha, sino tambin cita; Pero cita en el sentido de una cita romntica. Una cita ms formal, por ejemplo,
con el mdico o el director de un banco, es appointment.

Is Sarah checking the time TO CHECK Are you one of those people who likes to
of a train to Seville or to Barcelona? constantly check the details of everything?
Is she checking the time How often do you check

it arrives or the time it leaves? your bank balance?
Is it important to check your flight When was the last time you checked
details before you go to the airport? your blood pressure?
How often do you like Did you check todays timetable before
to check what time it is? you went to bed last night?
When was the last time you missed a Do you always check that youve turned
train or flight because you didnt check COMPROBAR off the gas and lights before you leave
your ticket properly? the house?
Cuidado con la pronunciacin del verbo to check Sabes lo que es un checkup? Es lo que deberas hacer
en el pasado! Aunque se escribe checkEd nunca cada seis meses con un dentista o cada ao con un
pronunciamos la e: se dice /chek-t/. Si la siguiente mdico: una revisin o un reconocimiento mdico.
palabra empieza con un vocal, enlaza las palabras, as
que I checked it suena como /ai chek-tit/.
NOTAS
Is it taking Jack a long time to TO TAKE (time) Does it take you a long time to
get to the train station? get up in the mornings?
Is he angry because its taking How long does it take you to get
him longer than he expected? dressed in the morning?
Why is it taking him a long time How long will it take to

to get to the station? finish this course?
How long did it take you How long does it take to

to get here this morning? learn a language well?
How long did it take you How long will it take you to
to do your homework last night? TARDAR reach retirement age?
Recuerda que ste es un verbo impersonal; el sujeto Para preguntar por duraciones de tiempo la frase
SIEMPRE es it! Para personalizarlo se pone el interrogativa es How long? Nunca decimos How
complemento directo (es decir, la persona) despus del long time...?, que suena horrible!
verbo: It takes me/you/her, etc. + tiempo + infinitivo.

VOCABULARY Home
Aqu encontrars diez palabras que tienen que ver con el hogar.
mortgage hipoteca /mrguech/ sink fregadero/lavabo /sinc/

furniture muebles /frnicha/ to do the washing hacer la colada /tu du ze washing/
storage almacenamiento /ssstorich/ plug tapn/enchufe /plag/
cupboard armario /cberd/ to sweep barrer /tu sup/
shelf balda /shelf/ rubbish basura /rbish/
How much deposit (in percentage) do Do you still do the dishes in the sink
you normally need to get a mortgage? or do you have a dishwasher?
Is it easy to get a mortgage if you are a How many sinks do you have in your
Mortgage first-time buyer? Sink
house in total?
How many years does it take to pay a Do you have any objects sitting on
typical mortgage? your bathroom sink?
Where does everybody here seem to

Do you do your own washing?
buy their furniture these days?
Furniture Is good furniture expensive? To do the How often do you do the washing?
washing When you do the washing do you
What are the essential pieces of
separate your clothes by colours?
furniture that every house needs?
Do you have enough storage space in How many wall plugs do you have in
your house or do you not have enough? your living room?
Do you keep some things in storage Plug Can you change a plug?
Storage outside of your house?
Do you have any useful storage Are plugs in England the same
solutions to your storage problems? as in Spain?
What do cup and board mean? Do you sweep your bedroom floor
Do you have enough cupboards in regularly?
your kitchen? How often do you sweep
Cupboard To
Do you know what the expression sweep the whole house?
to have a skeleton in the cupboard Which room of the house do you have
means? to sweep the most?
Can you put a shelf up by yourself? Do you separate your rubbish into
What do you have on your shelves in organic and non-organic?
Shelf the living room? Rubbish Do you take the rubbish out
What do you keep on the top shelf in every day?
your fridge? What do Americans call rubbish?
Key Words:
El armario donde guardamos la ropa no se llama cupboard, sino wardrobe. Es fcil de recordar, ya que parece una versin inglesa
de la palabra guardaropa.
Furniture es incontable, as que no podemos decir cosas como many furnitures. Es mejor pensar que significa mobiliario.
Aparte de significar basura, rubbish tambin significa tonteras: He talks a lot of rubbish (l dice muchas tonteras). Y to be
rubbish at something significa ser un manta en algo!

Is Sarah tidying the bedroom or the TO tidy Do you always tidy the kitchen as soon
bathroom? as you finish cooking?
Why is she tidying the bedroom? Do you tidy your desk every day?
Did your parents always tell you to tidy Do you feel better when you finish
your room when you were a child? tidying your things?
How often do you tidy your bedroom? Do you like to tidy or is it a real pain for
you when you have to tidy?
Do you tidy your room more often now
than you did when you were a child? Whats the difference between tidying
and cleaning?
ORDENAR
Tidy es un adjetivo tambin: the room is tidy, shes No confundas el verbo ordenar con to order, que
a tidy person. Los adjetivos contrarios son untidy y significa mandar o pedir (comida o bebida).
messy, respectivamente.
NOTAS
Is Jack repairing his car? TO REPAIR Could you repair a broken watch?
What part of the car is he repairing? What do you need to repair a broken
plate?
Can you repair a car when it breaks
down? What was the last thing you
(successfully!) repaired?
Do you usually try to repair things or do
you just throw them away? Do you repair your shoes if they start to
break or do you buy new ones?
Are you good at repairing things?
Is there any way to repair a broken
heart?
REPARAR
La pronunciacin de este verbo es igual que chair o Para ampliar tu vocabulario siempre est bien hacer un
hair. No se dice /repaier/. La a y la i se pronuncian intento de aprender los sinnimos o antnimos de una
como una sola vocal, como si fueran la e castellana: palabra. Hay dos sinnimos muy comunes de to repair:
/ripr/. to fix y to mend.

VOCABULARY Hotels
Aqu encontrars diez palabras que tienen que ver con los hoteles.
to book reservar /tu buk/ view vistas /vvvu/

lobby vestbulo /lbi/ towel toalla /til/
guest husped /guest/ sheets sbana /shits/
to stay alojarse /tu stei/ to cancel anular /tu cansel/
floor planta /floor/ to check out dejar la habitacin /tu chekaut/
Is it easier to book hotels on What views do guests want if theyre

the Internet or to phone directly? staying at a hotel on the coast?
What time of the year is it easier to Are rooms with a good view usually
To book View
book a hotel in your city? more expensive?
Are hotels cheaper to book if you Do you prefer a room with a view of
book them late? the mountains or a view of the ocean?
Are lobbys sometimes the prettiest What does it mean to the cleaners if
part of a hotel? you leave your towels on the floor?
Lobby What can you usually find in Towel How many towels are there usually in
the lobby? a hotel bathroom?
What normally happens in the lobby? Are all the towels the same size?
Are all the rooms in a hotel the same How often do they change the sheets
for all the guests? in hotels?
Guest Were you ever in a hotel with noisy Sheets Is it easy to change all the sheets on a
guests in the room next to you? hotel bed?
Are rock stars known for being good Did you ever stay in a hotel where
guests in hotels? the sheets were dirty?
How many days do guests usually stay Is it possible to cancel a hotel room
in a hotel? without the hotel charging you?
Why do people cancel their hotel
To stay When was the last time you stayed in To
cancel reservations?
a hotel?
When was the last time you cancelled
Do you enjoy staying in hotels? a hotel reservation?
What do we call the floor under Whats the most normal time to check
the ground floor? out of a hotel?
Floor What can you find on the ground To check out Do you have to pay more if you check
floor? out late?
Is the top floor of a hotel often Why do you have to check out of
the most expensive floor? hotels at 12 pm?
Key Words:
Aunque se parezcan, no confundas nunca el verbo to stay en ingls con estar en castellano. Dnde estuviste anoche? no es
Where did you stay last night?, sino (Vamos, t lo sabes!): Where were you last night?.
Para ampliar tu vocabulario siempre es una buena idea intentar recordar palabras con su antnimo. Por ejemplo, el antnimo de
guest es host; el antnimo de top floor es bottom floor y el antnimo de to check out es to check in.

Is Sarah about to complain to TO COMPLAIN When was the last time you complained
the waiter or to the chef? about something in a restaurant and why?
Is she going to complain about Do some nationalities have a reputation for

the bill or about the food? complaining more than others?
Why is she complaining about the bill? Do you think Spanish people complain
a lot or a little?
Do you find it easy or difficult
to complain in restaurants? Can you give advice to someone about
the best way to successfully complain?
If you complain about a service, do you
usually use the complaints book? Which types of companies do people
QUEJARSE most complain about nowadays?
Cuidado con la preposicin que sigue a este verbo. Si quieres hacer una reclamacin formal en algn
Decimos to complain about something to someone. establecimiento no utilices el verbo to complain,
sino to make a complaint: I would like to make a
complaint to the manager.
NOTAS
Is Jack planning a business trip

TO PLAN What are you planning
or a romantic holiday? to have for lunch?
Is he planning a surprise trip for Sarah What are you planning

or do you think she knows about it? Roomantic.com to do this weekend?
Is he planning to go to a hotel Are you good at planning for the future?

or to a friends house?
Do you like to plan ahead?
What do you think the expression if
you fail to plan you plan to fail means? What advice can you give to a friend of
mine who is planning to learn Spanish?
Are you planning to go anywhere on
holiday once you finish this course? PLANEAR
La traduccin de to plan a holiday, a party, an To plan ahead significa planear las cosas de
event, etc. es planear o preparar. Y to plan to do antemano o con anticipacin.
something significa pensar hacer algo. Por ejemplo:
What are you planning to do? (Qu piensas hacer?).

VOCABULARY Tourism
Aqu encontrars diez palabras que tienen que ver con el turismo.
trip viaje /trip/ to sunbathe tomar el sol /tu snbeiz/

abroad en el extranjero /abrod/ landscape paisaje /lanskeip/
to go sightseeing hacer turismo /tu gou sitsiing/ to go shopping ir de tiendas /tu gou shoping/
low-cost bajo coste /lou cost/ nightlife vida nocturna /nitlaif/
to camp acampar /tu camp/ to get lost perderse /tu get lost/
Can you describe the ideal trip to your

town or city for a tourist? What are the recommended times to
sunbathe on a beach in summer?
Trip Whats the difference between To sunbathe
the words trip and travel? Do you like to sunbathe?
Do you like to go on lots of short trips Is sunbathing a good or a bad thing?
in a year or on one long trip?
Do Spanish people normally go abroad What landscapes can you recommend

for their holidays? to a tourist in Spain?
Do you prefer a rural landscape or an
Abroad Did you go abroad last year? Landscape
urban landscape?
Will you go abroad for your next What are some of the worlds most
holiday? famous landscapes?
What are the best places to go Do you like to go shopping when

sightseeing in your town or city? youre on holiday?
To go Do you like to go sightseeing when To go shopping Is your town or city a good place to go
sightseeing youre abroad? shopping?
What do you think the best city in What are some of the best cities in
the world to go sightseeing is? the world to go shopping?
What are the differences between Is the nightlife of a place important for
low-cost flights and normal flights? you when you go on holiday?
Low-cost Do people always speak positively Nightlife Is your town or city a good place to go
about low-cost airlines? for nightlife?
Is it possible to have a low-cost, Which cities in Spain and of the world
high-quality holiday? are famous for their nightlife?
Do you like to camp or do you prefer Is it easy to get lost when youre on
to stay in hotels? holiday?
To get lost Do you get lost easily when youre on
To camp What are the advantages and
disadvantages of camping? holiday?
Are there many places to camp in Can it be dangerous to get lost in
your town or city? some cities?
Key Word:
Para decir ir de + sustantivo (ir de compras, ir de caza, ir de pesca, etc.) o ir a + verbo (ir a bailar, ir a correr, ir a comprar,
etc.) en ingls, lo ms comn es to go + verbo + -ing: to go shopping, to go hunting, to go fishing, to go dancing, etc.
Hay muchsimos verbos as en ingls!
Key Point:
Recuerda bien la estructura to get + adjetivo. Siempre expresan algn cambio o proceso. En castellano estos verbos suelen ser
reflexivos. Entonces, cmo diras los siguientes verbos en ingls?: enriquecerse, ponerse rojo, enfadarse, casarse, cansarse,
emborracharse, enfermarse.

Is Sarah packing to go on holiday TO PACK Do you usually have the same problem as
or on a business trip? Sarah when you pack to go on holiday?
Did she pack this suitcase Can you give Sarah some advice about
to go on other holidays? how to pack her suitcase?
Does it look like shes good Do you try to pack too much into your
at packing to go on holiday? suitcase?
Is she trying to pack too many clothes? Is it more expensive to travel nowadays
if we pack more than one suitcase?
Can she pack all her
clothes in her suitcase? Whats the last thing you normally pack?
HACER LA MALETA
En castellano no solis decir tengo que hacer mi maleta,

Cmo se dice deshacer la maleta? El verbo en ingls
sino la maleta. En ingls utilizamos el adjetivo
es to unpack. Qu fcil!
posesivo cuando hablamos de hacer la maleta. La misma
diferencia ocurre con las partes del cuerpo y con la ropa:
My shoulder hurts (Me duele el hombro); Take your
shoes off (Qutate los zapatos), etc.
NOTAS
Is Jack checking in at a TO CHECK IN When you arrive at a hotel, what do you

hotel or at the airport? say to the receptionist before you check in?
Does he need his passport If theres more than one person staying
to check in at the hotel? in a room, does everybody have to check
in?
What documents do you need
to check in at a hotel? Can he go straight to his
room without checking in?
Is he checking in with a lot of luggage?
Do you have to check in at
Is he checking in by himself the hotel every time you enter it?
or with other people?
REGISTRARSE When was the last time you
checked in at a hotel?
Hay que practicar mucho la pronunciacin de este verbo Cul es el antnimo de check in? No es to uncheck
en el pasado. No se dice /check-ed/ aunque se escribe in, pero es igual de lgico: to check out.
as; se pronuncia /chek-t/ sin ninguna vocal en medio!

VOCABULARY Positive personality adjectives
Aqu encontrars diez palabras para describir los aspectos positivos de la personalidad de alguien.
funny gracioso/a /fni/ easy-going relajado/a /isi-guing/

bright inteligente /brait/ friendly simptico/a /frndli/
polite educado/a /polit/ self-confident seguro/a de s mismo/a /self-cnfident/
reliable de fiar /riliabul/ thoughtful atento/a /zotful/
charming encantador/a /charming/ kind amable /kaind/
Do you get nervous easily or are you

Which famous funny people make quite easy-going?
you laugh?
Do you have any friends that you think
Funny Easy-going
Whos the funniest person you know? are too easy-going?
What TV programs do you find funny? Is it good or bad to be easy-going in
the workplace?
Are there different ways to measure Whats your definition of a friendly

if someone is bright? person?
Do you think Spanish people are
Bright Do you usually have bright ideas? Friendly
friendly?
Can you think of bright answers to Do you think they are friendlier than
these questions? people from some other countries?
What words do we use when we want What are the different ways that someone
to be polite in English? could be considered self-confident?
Do you think Spanish people are Is it possible to pretend to be
Polite Self-confident
polite in general? self-confident?
What is it polite to say when someone Is there a fine line between being
sneezes in English? self-confident and being arrogant?
Can you give a definition of a reliable Do you have some friends who are
person in the workplace? more thoughtful than others?
Are you thoughtful to strangers or are
Reliable Are you reliable when it comes to Thoughtful
you only thoughtful to your friends?
arriving at a place on time?
What was the last thoughtful thing
Is public transport reliable in Spain? that you did?
Who do you think Prince Charming is? Can you give a definition of a kind
(hint: its not Prince Charles) person?
Why can some charming people be Is it possible to be a kind business
Charming Kind
dangerous? person?
Which actors are famous for playing What jobs is it (not) recommendable
charming characters? to have a kind personality for?
Key Words:
Sabes la diferencia entre fun y funny? Los espaoles tienden a confundir estas dos palabras. Fun como adjetivo significa
divertido/a en el sentido ms amplio de la palabra. Funny significa gracioso/a o cmico/a. Si te hace sonrer es fun; si te hace
rer es funny!
Cuidado con el falso amigo sympathetic. No significa simptico/a; sympathectic es comprensivo/a. Cuando quieras decir
simptico/a elige alguna de esas palabras: friendly, kind o nice (/niss/).

Is Sarah attracting the mens attention? TO ATTRACT Is it easy for a woman to attract the
attention of a group of builders working at a
Are they attracted to her shoes? site?
Why is she attracting their attention? Whats more important: to be attracted to

someones physique or to their personality?
Are they attracting her attention?
Is it true that opposites attract?
Is it easier for a woman to attract a
mans attention or the other way round? What attracts you to someone?
(clean answers please!)
How do you attract a waiters

ATRAER attention in a restaurant?
La pronunciacin de este verbo requiere un cuidado Recuerda que en el pasado el verbo se pronuncia con el
especial. Es difcil para los espaoles pronunciar la c sonido de una i, ya que el verbo termina en t. Es decir,
y la t juntas, pero hay que hacer el esfuerzo, ya que la pronunciacin es /atraktid/.
esta combinacin de letras aparece en muchas palabras
inglesas!
NOTAS
Does Jack like this photo of his family?

TO LIKE What foods do you like the most?
Do you think he likes his job? What do you like to do

in your free time?
Do you like English?
(You can be honest!) What music dont you like?
Do you like being a student? What programmes do you

like on television?
How do you say I like you in Spanish?
What would you like to do in the future?
GUSTAR
Hay que tener mucho cuidado con este verbo en ingls Si la estructura te confunde, intenta pensar que to like
porque lo expresamos al revs que gustar en castellano! es como apreciar. Es decir, I like you (me gustas) es
Me gustan los coches es I like cars, nunca the cars como te aprecio y Does she like us? (Le gustamos a
like me or they like me the cars. ella?) sera parecido a Nos aprecia ella?.

VOCABULARY Negative personality adjectives
Aqu encontrars diez adjetivos que describen los aspectos negativos de la personalidad de alguien.
rude mal educado/a /rud/ unreliable poco fiable /anriliabul/

moody malhumorado/a /mdi/ selfish egosta /slfish/
stubborn terco/a /sstbern/ jealous celoso/a /ylus/
dull soso/a /dal/ lazy perezoso/a /leisi/
bossy mandn/a /bsi/ childish infantil /chaildish/
Can you describe what a rude Can you describe what an unreliable
person is like? employee is like?
What words doesnt a rude person Do you have any friends that are a
Rude Unreliable
normally use? little unreliable?
When was the last time somebody Are some forms of transport more
was really rude to you? unreliable than others?
Whats your definition of a selfish

Are you moody sometimes?
person?
Do you think changes in the weather
What does it mean when they say that
Moody can make people moodier? Selfish
a footballer is selfish?
Do you know any people who are moody?
When was the last time someone
Describe why they are moody.
said you were selfish?
Can it sometimes be good

How does someone behave in a
to be stubborn?
relationship if they are very jealous?
Stubborn What animals are considered Jealous
Are you a jealous person?
to be stubborn?
Are men more jealous than women?
Do you think you are stubborn?
Can you think of any TV programmes Do you sometimes enjoy being lazy?
that you would describe as dull? Can you describe what a lazy day is
Dull Lazy like for you?
What makes somebody a dull person?
Do some nationalities have an unfair
Whos the dullest person you know? reputation for being lazy?
Does a good manager need to be a At what age is it not acceptable to

bossy person? behave in a childish manner?
Is there anybody in your family who is Do your parents ever accuse you of
Bossy Childish
very bossy? being childish?
Do you know anybody who has a very What are typical phrases that a
bossy girlfriend or boyfriend? childish person says?
Key Words:
Qu significa educated en ingls? Hay que tener cuidado, porque es un falso amigo; no significa educado, igual que badly
educated no significa mal educado. Educated significa culto/a. Las palabras para decir educado/a y mal educado/a son
polite y rude, respectivamente.
Key Point:
No olvides que para formar el comparativo y el superlativo con adjetivos que terminan en y, quitamos la y y aadimos ier than en
el comparativo, y the iest en el superlativo. Lazy Lazier than... The laziest

Is Sarah offending the man TO OFFEND Do you normally offend people or do

or is he offending her? you hardly ever offend people?
Why is he offending her? Do you usually tell people

if they offend you?
Do all drunk people offend
others like this? When did you last offend someone?
When was the last time that a drunk Does swearing offend you?
person offended you?
Do racism and sexism offend you?
What kind of behaviour offends you?
OFENDER
Tambin puedes expresar esta idea con la voz pasiva: Hay dos adjetivos para decir borracho/a en ingls
to be offended: Your behaviour offended me es lo bueno, en realidad hay cientos, pero estamos hablando
mismo que I was offended by your behavior; o Does de adjetivos derivados del verbo to drink! se puede
my language offend you? = Are you offended by my decir drunk o drunken.
language?
NOTAS
Why do you think the criminal has the

TO HATE What foods do you hate?
word HATE tattooed on his forehead?
Are there any famous people you hate?
Who or what do you think he hates?
Is there anything you hate
What do misogynists hate? about yourself?
And what do misanthropes hate?
Do you think there is anybody that
Is it ever a good thing to hate? hates you?
Which historical figures do you hate? If we dont hate others, the world will
be a better place. Do you agree?
ODIAR
En la cultura juvenil norteamericana, en canciones, por

To hate, como otros verbos de emocin (por ej.: to ejemplo, se oye cada vez ms la palabra hater. To be
love y to like), puede ir seguido del infinitvo o del a hater no significa tanto alguien que odia, sino alguien
gerundio: We hate to see you unhappy = We hate que envidia los xitos de los dems.
seeing you unhappy.

VOCABULARY Parties
Aqu encontrars diez palabras relacionadas con una buena fiesta!
host/hostess anfitrin/a /jhoust/

snacks picoteo /sssnacs/
/jhoustess/
to deejay pinchar discos /tu dillei/
guest invitado/a /guest/
to toast brindar por /tu toust/
get-together reunin informal /gutugedza/
to pull ligar /tu pul/
fancy dress disfraz /fansi dres/
hangover resaca /hjngouvvva/
to chat up intentar ligar con alguien /tu chat ap/
Can you sometimes have too many

Do you like being the host of a party?
snacks at a party?
What makes a good host?
Host/Hostess Snacks What snacks do you usually prepare?
Who will be the host of
What are good snacks to have
the next Olympics?
in a party?
Do you always have to bring something Do you prefer to have someone

with you to a party if youre a guest? deejaying at a party or to have live music?
How many guests were there at Do you like to deejay when youre
Guest To
the last party you attended? deejay with your friends?
Whats a good number of guests If youre deejaying at a party, what songs
for a house party? will you play if you want people to leave?!
Did you have a get-together with your What do people say when they toast
friends last night? at a wedding party?
How often do you have a family Is it always necessary to give a
To
Get-together get-together? toast speech when you toast?
Will you have a get-together with What do people normally say when
everyone at the end of this course? they toast in English?
When was the last fancy dress party Is it easier for some people to pull
you went to? than others?
What did you wear to your last fancy
Fancy dress To pull Do men usually grow a moustache
dress party?
to pull more?
Do you usually make your own fancy
dresses? Is it a good party if you pull?
Is it always a welcome experience Can you remember a really bad

when someone chats you up? hangover you had? (not today we hope!)
To chat up Is it normal for girls to chat boys up? Hangover Why do we get hangovers?
What are good (or bad!) lines to use Can you recommend any good
when chatting someone up? methods for curing a hangover?!
Key Words:
Si es una fiesta pequea o una reunin informal es mucho mejor decir get-together que meeting. La palabra meeting suena
como si fuerais a debatir los presupuestos trimestrales!
Otra palabra muy comn para decir snacks en una fiesta es nibbles. El verbo to nibble significa mordisquear.

Who is organising the party?

TO ORGANISE What things do you have to organise
when you celebrate a wedding?
Who is she organising the party for?
How difficult is it to organise
Does Sarah have a lot a party for one hundred people?
of things to organise?
Are you good or bad at
Whats the biggest event organising your life?
you organised last year?
Do you organise your
Do you like organising things or daily tasks and plans well?
do you prefer to let others do
the organising instead? Are some people better at organising
ORGANIZAR the lives of others than their own?
-ise o ize? En EE.UU. estos verbos se escriben con Como ya hemos visto en otras ocasiones, si
la terminacin ize mientras que en el R.U. usamos combinamos el verbo to get con un adjetivo, en este
la terminacin -ise. Las dos formas son correctas. Sin caso, organised, conseguimos lo que sera un verbo
embargo, te hacemos una sugerencia: es mejor adoptar reflexivo de cambio en castellano: to get organised
siempre la terminacin -ise, ya que hay ciertos verbos (organizarse).
que siempre terminan con -ise, ests donde ests:
advertise, compromise, exercise, surprise, etc.
NOTAS
Are they having a party or
TO HAVE Are you going to have a party or have
are they having a meeting? some drinks when you finish this course?!
Who are they having the party for? Do you sometimes have a
snack between meals?
Are they having a drink
or having a coffee? What did you have for dinner last night?
Are they having a glass of whiskey How often do you have wine
or a glass of champagne? with your meals?
Will you have a few beers this evening? What do you usually have for breakfast?
HACER UNA FIESTA / TOMAR
Cuando decimos to have a drink casi siempre nos Aunque existen los verbos to breakfast, to lunch y
referimos a tomar una copa. Es decir, alcohol! No to dine apenas se utilizan. Decimos to have breakfast/
significa simplemente tomar una bebida. lunch/dinner y cuando hablamos de lo que hemos
comido decimos to have X for breakfast/lunch/dinner:
I had eggs for breakfast, I had meat for lunch y
I had a salad for dinner.

VOCABULARY Ordinal numbers
Aqu encontrars diez ejemplos de nmeros ordinales.
first (1st) primero/a /ferst/ twenty-fifth (25th) vigsimo quinto/a /tuenti-fifz/

second (2nd) segundo/a /second/ thirty-first (31 )
st
trigsimo primero/a /dzerti-ferst/
third (3rd) tercero/a /dzerd/ fiftieth (50th) quincuagsimo/a /fiftiez/
seventh (7th) sptimo/a /svenz/ one hundredth (100 ) centsimo/a
th
/hjundrez/
tenth (10th) dcimo/a /tenz/ one thousandth (1000th) milsimo/a /dzausanz/
Whats the first thing you do when When was the 25th anniversary
you get up in the morning? of the Spanish constitution?
Who was the first president of Twenty-fifth When will or when did you celebrate
First (1st)
the United States? (25th) your twenty-fifth birthday?
When did you first start learning What do people celebrate on the
English? twenty-fifth of December?
Whos the second most important What do we celebrate on the thirty-first

person in the Spanish government? of December?
Second (2nd) Whats the second biggest country in Thirty-first (31st) Which months of the year have a
thirty-first?
the world?
What day comes after the thirty-first
When was the Second World War? of December?
Is it still politically correct to say Which state became the 50th state
the Third World? of the USA?
What do you think third party Whats the other name for a fiftieth
Third (3rd) Fiftieth (50th)
insurance means? wedding anniversary?
Who was the third Spanish president In what year will we celebrate the 50th
after the death of Franco? anniversary of la transicin?
What, according to the Bible, did God What year will be the 100th
do on the seventh day? anniversary of the Spanish Civil war?
Is Saturday or Sunday the seventh day One hundredth How do you write one hundredth
Seventh (7 )
th
of the week? (100th) as a fraction?
Whats the seventh note in a musical Is it possible to see one hundredth
scale if we start from Do or C? of a centimeter?
How much does a tenth cost in When will the 1000th anniversary of
the Spanish Christmas lottery? the discovery of America be?
Tenth (10th) One thousandth
Whats 1000th of a million?
What is a tenth of fifty? (1000th)
How tall will you be if you are 1000th
Whats the tenth month of the year? of your actual height?
Key Words:
Es muy fcil formar los nmeros ordinales en ingls! Cualquier nmero que termina en 1 es ...first (menos 11, que es eleventh),
si termina en 2 ser ...second (menos 12, que es twelfth), si termina en 3 ser ...third (menos 13, que es thirteenth), y para
todos los dems aadimos las letras th al final.
Cuando escribimos estos nmeros ordinales con nmeros y no con letras todos los que terminan en 1 se escriben con #st (1st, 21st,
131st), si terminan en 2 con #nd (2nd, 22nd, 62nd), si termina en 3 con #rd (3rd, 23rd, 73rd) y para todos los dems ponemos
las letras #th al final.
Key Point:
Hay que practicar mucho la pronunciacin de esa th al final de estos nmeros! Asegrate de meter la lengua entre las dientes. Es
parecido a la z en castellano.

Is Susie celebrating a TO CELEBRATE Do you celebrate any religious

wedding or a birthday? festivals during the year?
Whose birthday is she celebrating? Do people celebrate St. Patricks

Day in Spain? If so, how?
Do you enjoy celebrating your birthday
and being the centre of attention? What important events will you
celebrate this year?
How do you usually
celebrate your birthday? How do you usually celebrate
New Years Eve?
How did you celebrate
your last birthday? Which city will celebrate
CELEBRAR the next Olympics?
No caigas en la tentacin de pronunciar la c delante de To celebrate en ingls slo tiene el sentido de festejar
la i o e como si fuera una zeta! Se pronuncia como si un acontecimiento especial. Si lo que quieres decir es
fuera una s. Suena fatal si dices cosas como There is a algo como la reunin se celebrar el lunes, utiliza el
zelebrated zinema in my zity! verbo to take place: The meeting will take place on
Monday.
NOTAS
Was Jacks baby born many years ago? TO BE BORN How old were your parents
when you were born?
Were you born in Portugal?
If you have brothers and sisters, were
Where were you born? you born before or after them?
Were you born in the seventies? Are many children born at home?
What year were you born in? Can you ask your teacher when
he or she was born?
How old was your teacher when you

were born?
NACER
No olvides que no hay ningn verbo to born. El verbo No olvides la pronunciacin de were. Lo decimos
es to be born, que significa literalmente ser parido/a, en una slaba /uer/, y con un sonido que viene de la
as que siempre tienes que usar el verbo to be en la garganta bien distinto de la e castellana. Sobre todo, no
frase cuando hablas de nacer. lo confundas con la pronunciacin de to wear (llevar
puesto) y where (dnde), que s tienen un sonido
parecido a vuestra e.

VOCABULARY Buildings
Aqu encontrars diez palabras que tienen que ver con edificios.
entrance entrada /ntrans/ roof tejado /ruf/

lift ascensor /lift/ stairs escalera /sssters/
basement stano /bisment/ upstairs (piso de) arriba /psters/
floor planta /floor/ to own ser dueo/a de /tu un/
ceiling techo /sling/ to rent alquilar /tu rent/
Does the place where you live have a Can you easily go on the roof of
back and a front entrance? the building where you live?
Whats the entrance to the place How high is the roof of your building
Entrance
where you live like? Roof from street level?
Is the entrance to your building Whats the roof of your building
designed for disabled people? made from?
Do you know what American people Do you get tired if you run up a flight
call a lift? of twenty stairs?
Does the building where you live Do you have stairs inside your house
Lift Stairs
have a lift? or flat?
If you dont know the people youre in Does your building have emergency
a lift with, do you normally talk to them? stairs?
What are the (dis)advantages of living Is the place where you live on one
in a basement? floor or does it have an upstairs?
Does the building where you live have If you are upstairs, what do you call
Basement Upstairs
a basement? the floor under you?
What are some of the uses of In a house of two floors, what rooms
a basement? are normally upstairs?
How many floors does your building Is it easy for young people to own a
have? house nowadays?
What buildings does the local
Floor Which floor do you live on? To
own government own in your city?
Whats the name of the floor that is on Whats better these days: to own a
street level? place or to rent a place?
Can you touch the ceiling of the room Do you know how much it costs to rent
you are in at the moment? 100 square metres in your town or city?
Are buildings with high ceilings usually Are you renting the place where you
Ceiling
more expensive? To rent live at the moment?
What does a glass ceiling mean and Apart from places to live, what other
what does it have to do with women? things can we rent?
Key Words:
Upstairs y downstairs son unas palabras muy tiles y verstiles en ingls, ya que son adjetivos, adverbios y sustantivos a la vez:
Adjetivos: an upstairs window, the downstairs neighbours.
Adverbios: to go upstairs, to fall downstairs.
Sustantivos: the upstairs, the downstairs.
Otra palabra muy comn, sobre todo en los Estados Unidos, para decir planta de un edificio es storey: Its a ten-storey building.

What is Sarah trying to TO FIT Do you have any clothes

fit through the door? that dont fit you now?
Does it fit? Why dont young children

always fit in their clothes?
Why doesnt it fit?
What do you do with your shoes and
Can you fit a table tennis table in your clothes that dont fit you anymore?
bedroom and play comfortably?
Can your feet fit in a pair of
Do you have enough space to fit shoes that are size 40?
all your clothes and shoes in your
bedroom? How many people can
CABER fit in a normal car?
Cul es el pasado del verbo to fit? Fot, fat? Esta Nuestra frase para decir que algo le sienta como un
pregunta tiene trampa, ya que es uno de los pocos guante a alguien es muy parecida a la expresin en
verbos que tiene dos pasados: uno regular fitted y otro castellano; slo que nosotros utilizamos el verbo to fit:
irregular fit; as que These jeans fit me last year = It fits (me) like a glove.
These jeans fitted me last year.
NOTAS
Is Jack drawing or painting? TO DRAW Were you any good at

drawing at school?
Whats he using to draw with?
Are you good at drawing maps if people
Does he look like hes drawing for need help with directions?
pleasure or for his job?
Can you draw a good circle without
Whats the difference between using any tools to help?
drawing and painting?
Can you draw a 3-dimensional box in
Do you like drawing? less than 30 seconds?
Could you draw a decent

DIBUJAR caricature of your teacher?!
Fjate en las siguientes estructuras: to be good at No pronuncies este verbo con un sonido de /au/. I draw
(doing) something: Im good at maths, shes very no es /ai drau/, sino /ai dror/, con un sonido vocal largo
good at convincing people. Y lo contrario? Pues, claro: que rima con door, floor y four.
to be bad at (doing) something.

VOCABULARY Materials
Aqu encontrars diez palabras relacionadas con tejidos y otros materiales.
cotton algodn /cton/ leather cuero /ldza/

silk seda /silk/ wood madera /wud/
wool lana /wul/ steel acero /ssstil/
to sew coser /tu sou/ iron hierro /ayon/
man-made artificial /man-meid/ to dig cavar /tu dig/
Are you wearing anything today that is

made from cotton? Are you wearing leather shoes today?
Cotton Does cotton come from an animal? Leather What animals can leather come from?
Did you know that most notes arent Do you like the smell of leather?
made from paper, but cotton?
What piece of clothing do you most Can you name any types of wood
associate with silk? in English?
What does it mean when people say
Silk Is silk a plant? Wood
touch wood?
Is silk more expensive than What are the advantages and
other materials? disadvantages of a wood house?
If you describe someone as being

Where does wool come from? steely, what do you think it means?
What other animals can Is steel a natural metal or is it
Wool Steel
produce wool? man-made metal?
Is it sensible to wear wool in summer? Where do we normally see the words
stainless steel and what does it mean?
Can you sew? Why is an iron good for clothes?

Did they teach you to sew at school? Who did they call the Iron Lady and
To sew Iron
Do you sew the holes in your socks or why?
do you throw them away? Why is iron good for your body?
Which of the above materials are Did your ancestors dig for gold?
man-made?
What are the typical materials or
What other man-made materials can
Man-made To dig metals that we can dig for?
you think of?
Do you think man-made is a sexist Can you dig a two-metre deep hole in
piece of vocabulary? the ground?
Key Points:
Para preguntar de qu material est hecho algo se puede decir o bien What is it made of? o bien What is it made from?.
Ten cuidado con la pronunciacin de la w en wool y wood. Muchos espaoles pronuncian la w como gu.... Pon tus labios
como si estuvieras a punto de silbar y dejar pasar suavemente el aire!
Key Words:
Otras palabras comunes y tiles que terminan en -made son: homemade (casero) y handmade (hecho a mano).

TO BUILD
Whats Sarah building? Who built the Statue of
Liberty and why?
What is she building the house from?
Do you know anybody who
Can you build a house of cards? built their own house?
What material did they Are they building lots of

use to build the Taj Mahal? houses in your town?
How did they build the pyramids? Are they still building lots of
houses on Spanish coasts?
How long does it take to

CONSTRUIR build a football stadium?
No pronuncies nunca la u de build! Se pronuncia Como sustantivo, build significa complexin. Un

/bild/. hombre well-built es uno de complexin fuerte.
NOTAS
Whats Jack cutting? TOBUILD

TO CUT Can paper cut skin?
Is he using a knife to cut the wood? How often do you cut your hair?
Whats he using to cut the wood? Do you ever cut your own hair?
What do you use to cut paper? How often do you cut your (toe) nails?
When was the last time you What does cut and paste mean
accidentally cut yourself? in computer language?
CORTAR
Cut es un verbo irregular, pero igual que otros verbos Cuidado con la pronunciacin de este verbo; no
cortos como put y hit, no cambia ni en el pasado pronuncies la u como una u castellana, sino como
simple ni en el participio pasado. vuestra a: /cat/.

VOCABULARY Clothes
Aqu encontrars diez palabras que tienen que ver con la ropa y el mundo de la moda.
to iron planchar /tu yon/

material tela /matrial/
smart elegante /sssmart/
to try on probarse /tu trion/
scruffy desaliado/a /ssscrfi/
size talla /sssis/
old-fashioned pasado de moda / /auld-fashunt/
to put on ponerse /tu putn/
tradicional
fashion moda /fshun/
to take off quitarse /tu tikof/
What material are most shoes How often do you iron your clothes?
made from?
Do you iron underwear or sheets for
How many different materials for
To iron your bed?
Material clothes can you name?
What are the most expensive Whats the most difficult piece of
materials for clothes? clothing to iron?
Do you usually try on clothes before For what jobs do you think its
you buy them? important to be smart?
Can you try underwear on in shops Do you consider yourself a
To Smart
try on before buying it? smart person?
How many clothes can you normally take Were peoples clothes more or less
into the changing rooms to try on? smart fifty years ago?
Could you describe what you think a

What size shoe are you? scruffy person looks like?
How are Spanish sizes different from Is it sometimes fashionable to be
Size British sizes? Scruffy
scruffy?
Are sizes of womens clothes the Can you think of any famous people
same in all shops? who are very scruffy?
How long does it take you to put on Do you own any clothes that you dont
wear now because theyre
your clothes in the morning?
old-fashioned?
To put on Is it easy to put a tie on? Old-fashioned What types of clothes are considered
old-fashioned these days?
Do you put on your shoes before your
Do old-fashioned clothes sometimes
socks or the other way round? come back into fashion?
Do you usually take your shoes off when

Do you like to follow fashion? you go into other peoples houses?
Whats the first thing you take off
Fashion Do fashions change quickly? To
take off when you get home?
Is fashion important or irrelevant? Is it bad luck not to take off your hat if
you are indoors?
Key Point:
Acabamos de ver tres verbos compuestos: to try on, to take off y to put on. En estos casos podemos poner el complemento
directo o bien despus del verbo y de la preposicin o bien entre las mismas. Es decir, las siguientes frases son correctas: Try on this
dress o Try this dress on; Put on your shoes o Put your shoes on; Take off that hat o Take that hat off.
Sin embargo, si sustituimos el complemento directo por el pronombre slo vale la segunda de estas dos estructuras. Es decir, el
pronombre tiene que ir entre el verbo y la preposicin: Try it on, put them on, take it off.

Is Sarah wearing her best clothes? TO WEAR Did you have to wear a school uniform
when you were young?
What clothes is she wearing?
Do you wear the same clothes
Why do you think she is wearing in winter as in summer?
a clowns costume?
How often do you wear a hat?
In what jobs do they need
to wear special uniforms? Do you usually wear
perfume or after shave?
What did you wear yesterday?
What do you think you
will wear tomorrow?
LLEVAR PUESTO
El pasado simple de wear es wore, y su Wear se usa muchas veces tambin como sustantivo
pronunciacin es exactamente la misma que guerra en y sinnimo de ropa: casual wear, childrens wear,
ingls, es decir, /ur/. underwear, evening wear, etc.
NOTAS
TO DESIGN
What do we call someone Who is famous in Spain for
who designs suits for men? designing clothes?
What do we call someone Did you ever wear something

who designs clothes? that was designed for you?
What is Santiago Calatrava If someone designs clothes specifically

famous for designing? for you, will it be cheap or expensive?
Do you think its easy or difficult to Who designed the Eiffel tower?
design a brides dress?
Can you design a new look
What do you think of clothes that they for your teacher?!!
design for fashion shows? DISEAR
Igual que el verbo to sign (firmar) la g en to design

En la pregunta Who designed the Eiffel Tower? no
es muda. Se pronuncia /tu disin/. Esto ocurre con
hay un verbo auxiliar. Cuando la palabra interrogativa
todas las palabras que terminan en -ign. Cmo se
representa el sujeto, no usamos el auxiliar.
pronuncian las siguientes palabras: campaign, reign,
align, foreign y champaign?

VOCABULARY Stage & Screen
Aqu encontrars diez palabras relacionadas con el mundo del cine y del teatro.
movie pelcula /mvvvi/ audience pblico /diens/

play obra de teatro /plei/ subtitles subttulos /sabtaitels/
acting actuacin /acting/ script guin /ssscript/
stage escenario /sssteich/ soundtrack banda sonora /suntrac/
scene escena /sinn/ review crtica /revvvu/
What movies do you want to see at Do you like watching a movie with lots
the moment? of people in the audience?
Do you enjoy audience participation
Movie What was the last movie you saw? Audience
when you go to the theatre?
What are some of your Did you ever attend a play or a movie and
favourite movies? you were the only one in the audience?
Did you participate in many plays Do you like watching films in their
when you were at school? original language with subtitles?
When was the last time you saw How often do you watch films
Subtitles
Play a play? with subtitles?
What kind of plays do you enjoy Do you find it difficult or easy to watch
going to see? a film with subtitles?
Whose acting do you really admire? Can a movie or play still be good if it
has a bad script?
Who do you think is overrated for
What films can you remember for
Acting their acting? Script
their script?
Can you remember a play or a movie Do you think you could write a decent
that was ruined by bad acting? script for a movie?
Do you like being on stage? Whats your favourite soundtrack?

Which theatre has the biggest stage Do you buy (or download!)
Stage in Spain? Soundtrack many soundtracks?
Do some actors suffer from Can you remember a good movie that
stage fright? was ruined by a bad soundtrack?
Can you think of some memorable Do you read reviews before going to
scenes from your favourite films? see a play or a movie?
How important is the opening scene Are reviews important for the success
Scene Review
in a film? of a film or play?
Can you remember a scene that was Can you give a review of a play or
too scary or violent to watch? movie that you saw last year?
Key Words:
Film es la palabra ms comn para pelcula en el ingls britnico, mientras que en Estados Unidos utilizan la palabra movie.
Ojo cuando intentes decir crtica en ingls; tiene muchas trampas! Como hemos visto, una crtica de una pelcula o una obra de
teatro es a review. La persona que hace la crtica, es a critic. Ahora, una crtica en el sentido de una censura es a criticism.
Y el adjetivo crtico/a es critical. Ves qu fcil?... Ejem!

Are they enjoying the concert? TO ENJOY What do you enjoy doing
at the weekends?
Is Jack enjoying the concert
as much as Sarah? Did you enjoy your last holiday?
Did you enjoy the last film you saw? What do you enjoy doing
in your free time?
Do you enjoy travelling?
Do you enjoy doing exercise?
Do you enjoy going to concerts?
Do you enjoy learning English?
DISFRUTAR
Ojo! El verbo to enjoy es transitivo y siempre necesita To enjoy siempre va seguido del gerundio: to enjoy
el complemento directo. No se puede decir, por ejemplo, doing something, y nunca del infinitivo.
Did you enjoy?. Siempre hay que colocar algo despus:
Did you enjoy the party / your holidays?, etc .
NOTAS
Is Jack bored?
TO BE BORED In which classes were you bored when
you were at school?
Why do you think he is so bored?
Are you bored at the moment?
Is everybody else bored
in the cinema too? Were you bored doing your homework
yesterday?
What body language indicates
that someone is bored? Are young children bored
more often than adults?
When was the last time
you were really bored? Only boring people are sometimes
bored. Do you agree with this
ESTAR ABURRIDO/A statement?
Los espaoles confunden mucho bored y boring. To

be bored significa estar aburrido/a y to be boring No pronuncies la e de bored; lo correcto es /bord/.
significa ser aburrido/a.

VOCABULARY Health
Aqu encontrars diez palabras que tienen que ver con la salud.
treatment tratamiento /tritment/ to have a cold estar resfriado/a /tu havvva cold/
diet dieta /daiet/ flu gripe /flu/
to be fit estar en forma /tu bi fit/ to be overweight tener sobrepeso /tu bi ouvvvaueit/
check-up revisin mdica /chekap/ prescription receta mdica /prescripshan/
medicine medicamento /mdisin/ to break (something) romperse (algo) /tu breik/
Is there any treatment for Alzheimers? Do you have a cold at the moment?
What alternative treatments are there How many times a year do you
Treatment for a bad back? To have a cold have a cold?
Whats the best treatment for a Do you take medicine when you
broken heart?! have a cold?
What foods do they recommend for a When was the last time you had
healthy diet? the flu?
Diet What is the Mediterranean diet? Flu Can the flu sometimes be dangerous?
Can you describe a day in the life of What do you do when you
someone with a terrible diet? have the flu?
Are children more overweight now

Are people more fit or less fit now than when you were a child?
than they were fifty years ago? Whats worse: to be overweight or to
To be fit To
Do you think you are fit? be overweight be underweight?
What are the advantages of being fit? What can you do to lose weight if you
are overweight?
What tests will a doctor normally do in Do you need a prescription for

a routine check-up? paracetamol?
Check-up When was your last check-up? Prescription How do you get a prescription?
How often should you go for Are drugs more expensive with a
a check-up? prescription?
Is it good to drink alcohol if you are When did you last break a bone?
taking medicine?
Can you break a bone without
What are some of the worlds most To break
(something)
Medicine realizing it?
sold medicines?
Do you sometimes take medicine In which sports do you run a high risk
without speaking to a doctor first? of breaking a bone?
Key Words:
Ojo con los siguientes falsos amigos: receta tiene dos significados en castellano; pero en ingls si lo que quieres es una nota del mdico
para un medicamento no digas recipe porque eso es lo que necesitas para cocinar un plato. La palabra correcta es prescription.
Otro falso amigo mtico es to be constipated; no significa estar constipado/a, sino estar estreido/a!
Key Point:
No slo se dice to be fit, pero tambin se puede decir to get fit y to keep fit, que significan ponerse en forma y mantenerse
en forma, respectivamente. Vemos la misma secuencia de verbos con in touch (en contacto): to get in touch (ponerse en
contacto), to be in touch (estar en contacto) y to keep in touch (mantenerse en contacto).

Did the man get better by himself or TO GET BETTER Does your health get better as you get
did Sarah help him to get better? older?
If you are ill do you always have to Is the economy getting better?
go to a hospital to get better?
Is the climate getting better or
What is the best way to get better is it getting worse?
if you have the flu?
Is your English getting better
How can you get better if during this course?
you have a hangover?
Will your English get better
How do you say to someone espero if you dont study?
que te mejores in English? MEJORAR
El pasado simple de to get es got. En el ingls To improve es un sinnimo de to get better, con la
britnico el participio pasado tambin es got, mientras diferencia de que slo utilizamos to get better cuando
que en el ingls americano se usa el participio gotten. hablamos de reponerse de una enfermedad.
NOTAS
Does Jack look like he is TO GET WORSE Is pollution getting worse

getting better or getting worse? in the big cities?
How does he know he is getting worse? Is road safety getting better

or worse in Spain?
Does your hearing get worse
as you get older? Do you think the quality of
television is getting worse?
Does the weather get better
or get worse in winter? Is the quality of young peoples
Spanish getting worse?
Is climate change getting worse?
Will your English get worse
EMPEORAR if you stop studying?
Ten cuidado de no confundir worse y worst. Worse La pronunciacin de worse no es como horse; la or
than es el comparativo (peor que) y the worst es el en worse se pronuncia /uerss/, como la er en her o
superlativo (el/la peor): My car is worse than yours, but como el pasado del verbo to be (were).
Johns is the worst car.

VOCABULARY Cooking
Aqu encontrars diez palabras tiles si lo tuyo es la cocina!
recipe receta /rsipi/ to heat calentar /tu jht/

dish plato /dish/ saucepan olla /sospan/
to add aadir /tu ad/ to roast asar /tu roust/
bowl cuenco /bul/ frying pan sartn /fring pan/
to stir remover /tu ster/ to boil hervir /tu boil/
How many people know the exact Do you heat the milk when you
recipe for Coca-cola? make coffee?
Whats your recipe for a good Spanish Do you use a microwave to heat
Recipe To
omelet? heat things?
How often do you try to use new Do you use a gas or an electric cooker
recipes when youre cooking? to heat your food?
Do you have a favourite dish? Do you have lots of different sizes

What dish (or dishes) do you usually of saucepan?
Dish prepare if its a special meal? Saucepan Do all saucepans have handles?
What are Spains most famous dishes What are the different materials that
and how do you make them? saucepans can be made from?
Do you usually add just the right What kinds of foods taste good when
amount of salt to your dishes? we roast them?
Do you add milk and sugar to What are the different ways we can
To
add your coffee? To roast roast food?
What ingredients do you need to add What do you think a Sunday roast is
to make a spaghetti Bolognese? for English people?
What food do we eat (or drink) from How many frying pans do you have in
a bowl? your kitchen?
What foods do you cook most often in
Bowl Do you have a favourite cereal bowl? Frying pan
a frying pan?
What do you think a bowl haircut Do foods sometimes stick to the
looks like? bottom of the frying pan?
What are the normal kitchen utensils

that we use for stirring? What temperature does water boil at?
What happens if you dont stir When does water boil at lower
To boil
To stir things well? temperatures?
What is stir-fry food and how do you How long does it take to boil an egg?
make it?
Key Points:
Bowl es una palabra bastante imprecisa en ingls, ya que engloba un montn de objetos que tienen nombres diferentes en
castellano. Todos los objetos siguientes son bowl en ingls: plato sopero, palangana, barreo, cuenco, ensaladera, tazn
hasta la taza del inodoro! Y como si no bastase, tambin decimos to go bowling, que significa ir a jugar a los bolos.
Cuidado con el falso amigo to remove en ingls. No significa remover, sino quitar.

Is Sarah making a cake or a soup? TO MAKE What did you make for dinner last
night?
Is she making lunch or
making breakfast? Did you make anything for breakfast
this morning?
Is she making food for a lot
of people or only a few people? Do you usually make tea or do you
make coffee for breakfast?
Are you going to make
dinner tonight? How do English people make their tea?
Who usually makes the food How do you make gazpacho?

in your house?
HACER
La diferencia entre to make y to do puede ser To make es un verbo irregular; no digas nunca
complicada y a veces no queda ms remedio que maked. Slo tienes que recordar la expresin Made
aprender muchas expresiones de memoria. Pero como in Spain!
regla general usamos make cuando producimos algo
o hay un resultado final tangible; se es el caso de la
comida y la bebida: to make breakfast, to make a cup
of tea, to make dinner, etc.
NOTAS
Is Jack chopping a potato? TO CHOP Is it better to chop with a big long knife
or a short small knife?
Whats he chopping?
Why does chopping an onion
Is he chopping with his left make people cry?
hand or with his right hand?
Do you cry like Jack when
Is Jack chopping with a you chop an onion?
spoon or with a knife?
What other vegetables do we
Is he chopping the onion with usually chop when we cook?
a long knife or is he chopping
it with a small knife? Are there machines that can
PICAR help us to chop vegetables?
Acurdate de aadir otra p al verbo al usarlo en el Ahora sabes de dnde viene el trmino para ese
pasado: chopped, y en los tiempos verbales continuos, embutido que es parecido a la mortadela: chped, es
chopping. cerdo picado aunque sabes cules son las partes del
cerdo que se chopean?!

VOCABULARY Restaurants
Aqu encontrars diez palabras que tienen que ver con los restaurantes.
to eat out comer fuera /tu it aut/ dessert postre /disrt/

atmosphere ambiente /tmusfir/ to order pedir /tu orda/
menu carta/men /mniu/ service servicio /servisss/
starter entrante /ssstarter/ bill cuenta /bil/
main course plato principal /mein cors/ tip propina /tip/
Are you usually hungry enough to eat

Do you enjoy eating out?
a dessert at the end of a meal?
To eat out What do you like about eating out? Dessert
Do you prefer starters or desserts?
How often do you eat out?
Whats your favourite dessert?
How important is the atmosphere of Do you ask the waiter for

a restaurant for you? recommendations when you order?
Do you prefer a noisy atmosphere or To order Does it take you a long time to decide
Atmosphere before ordering?
a quiet atmosphere?
Is the atmosphere better in How do you get the waiters attention
restaurants now that you cant smoke? when youre ready to order?
Do you like a menu that has a lot of Whats more important: the food or
options or few options? the service?
Menu How often do you ask for the wine menu? Service Do you expect better service if
Do you have to ask for the the restaurant is expensive?
menu or does the waiter give it to you? What is your definition of good service?
What types of dishes do they usually Do you always check the bill carefully?
serve as starters?
Is the service normally included
Is it normal to have a starter for lunch
Starter Bill in the bill?
in Spain?
Are starters usually bigger or smaller What happens if you cant pay your
than the main course? bill in a restaurant?
Do you prefer fish or meat for your Do Spanish people normally leave a tip?
main course? How much tip (in percentage) do they
Main course What main course is your speciality?! leave in the UK and in the USA?
Tip
Are main courses smaller in more If the bill costs 100 Euros, what is a
expensive restaurants? normal tip in a good restaurant?
Key Words:
Menu en ingls significa tanto carta como men. Se puede decir Can you bring me the menu, please? (la carta) o Is there a
set menu or a menu of the day? (men del da).
Cuando vayas a pedir la cuenta en Estados Unidos debes decir Check, please y luego hay que dejar una propina que cuesta casi
tanto como la propia comida!

Is Sarah trying some TO TRY Is there any type of food that you will
wine or some food? never try eating?
Does it seem like good What foods did you think were horrible
wine that shes trying? before you tried them?
Do you like to try new foods? Do you try new drinks when you go out to
bars or do you usually drink the same ones?
Do you like to try different foods when
you go on holiday to new places? What new experiences would
you like to try?
When was the last time you
tried some different food? Is it true that the older you get
PROBAR the less probable it is that you will try
new things?
Cuando probamos una bebida o una comida tambin To try doing something significa probar a hacer algo,
podemos usar el verbo to taste, aunque tiene ms y to try to do something significa intentar hacer algo.
bien un sentido de degustar o catar. No es tan general
como el verbo to try.
NOTAS
Is Jack booking something on the TO BOOK Is it easy and safe to book things on the
telephone or on the Internet? TNARUA Internet?
TSER
Is he booking a table in a restaurant or Do you use the Internet to book flights?

tickets for a concert?
Do you use the Internet to book rooms
If you go to a restaurant do you usually in hotels?
book a table before you go out?
Do many people still use travel agents to
Is it easy to book tables for the best help them book their holiday?
restaurants in a city?
What does overbooking mean?
When was the last time you booked a
table in a restaurant? HACER UNA RESERVA
El sinnimo de to book es to make a reservation. El Cuidado con esa pronunciacin en el pasado! Aunque se
verbo to reserve significa reservar en el sentido de escribe bookEd no decimos la e; se pronuncia
guardar. /book-t/. Ensyalo mucho si te cuesta decirlo.

Phrasal Verbs
Los phrasal verbs son a menudo percibidos como un obstculo por los estudiantes
hispanohablantes. Esto no debera ser as, pues, a pesar de lo singular de su funcionamiento si
se los compara con los verbos espaoles, con su peculiar ritmo la combinacin del elemento
verbal y la(s) partcula(s), versatilidad y frecuencia de uso nos proporcionan una extraordinaria
herramienta. Practcalos sin descanso y te ayudarn a dar mayor naturalidad a tu ingls y a
entender mejor a tus interlocutores.
Notars que, en algunos casos, el significado del verbo compuesto puede inferirse del significado
de cada una de sus partes (to put = poner, on = encima; to put on a shirt = ponerse una camisa),
mientras que otras veces la lgica no te servir y tendrs que aprender todo el verbo como si de
una sola palabra se tratara (to give up smoking = dejar de fumar). Te aconsejamos que, en vez de
memorizar slo el verbo compuesto, memorices una frase completa que contextualice el verbo:
I want to give up smoking (Quiero dejar de fumar).
Phrasal Verbs I
to ask (someone) for (something) pedir algo a alguien
No se puede cambiar el orden de las palabras con los
to thank (someone) for (something) agradecer algo a alguien verbos to ask for y to thank for. Slo puedes
to take apart desmontar ask/ thank someone/somebody for something.
No digas ni ask something for someone ni thank
to put (back) together (volver a) montar / juntar something for someone.
En esta pgina vamos a machacar los verbos to thank for y to ask for:
Dear Father Christmas, Querido Pap Noel,

I wanted to thank you for the bike that you gave me Quera agradecerte la bici que me regalaste el
last year for Christmas. Im sorry that I forgot to thank ao pasado por Navidad. Siento que se me olvid
you for it before now! This year Im going to ask you agradecrtelo antes! Este ao voy a pedirte dos
for two presents. If you give them to me, I promise I regalos. Si me los das, prometo agradecrtelos en
will thank you for them immediately. I want to ask you seguida. Quiero pedirte una PlayStation 3 y un iPad.
for a PlayStation 3 and an iPad. I asked my parents Les ped estas cosas a mis padres por mi cumpleaos,
for these things for my birthday, but they told me to pero me dijeron que esperara para pedrtelos a ti en
wait and ask you for them instead. I never ask my vez de a ellos. Nunca pido nada a mis tos porque no
uncles and aunts for anything because theyre not son muy generosos y nunca me dan nada. Mi madre
very generous and never give me anything. My mum dice que no me dan nada porque nunca agradezco
says they dont give me anything because I never nada a nadie. Como puedes ver por mi carta, eso no
thank anybody for anything. As you can see from my es cierto!
letter, thats not true! Espero que no te est pidiendo demasiado este ao,
I hope Im not asking you for too much this year, Pap Noel. Muchas gracias por todo!
Father Christmas. Thanks for everything! Susie
Susie
Entendiendo el texto
1. What does Susie want to do at the beginning 1.

of the letter?
2. Why didnt she thank Father Christmas for it before 2.
now?
3. How many presents is she going to ask for this year? 3.
4. What does she promise to do if he gives them to her? 4.
5. What presents does she ask for? 5.
6. Did she ask her parents for them? 6.
7. Will she ask her uncles and aunts for them? 7.
8. Why wont she ask them for the presents? 8.
9. Does Susie thank people for things, according to her 9.
mum?
10. What does she thank Father Christmas for at the end 10.
of the letter?
Los tres usos ms comunes de ask en ingls son:

1. To ask (someone) a question/something = hacer una pregunta a (alguien) / preguntar
2. To ask someone to do something = pedir a alguien que haga algo
3. To ask someone for something = pedir algo a alguien

Un buen dominio de los verbos irregulares en el pasado es Ojo! Siempre hay que colocar el pronombre entre el verbo y la
imprescindible si quieres llegar a tener un buen nivel de fluidez, preposicin. Take it apart o Put them together. Nunca Turn
sobre todo con verbos muy comunes como son to put y apart it o Put together them.
to take. No hace falta decirte que en el pasado son put y
took, respectivamente, verdad?
Ahora machacaremos los verbos compuestos to take apart y to put together:
Kevin: Did you take my mobile phone apart? Kevin: Desmontaste mi mvil?
Perry: Erm yeah, er... I took it apart yes. Perry: Err s, eh... s... lo desmont.
Kevin: Well, put it together, then. Kevin: Pues, vuelve a montarlo.
Perry: Umm, theres a slight problem I cant put Perry: Emm, hay un pequeo problema no s
it together. montarlo.
Kevin: What?! Why on earth did you take it apart? Kevin: Qu?! Por qu demonios lo desmontaste?
Perry: I took it apart because it wasnt working. Perry: Lo desmont porque no estaba
Kevin: You cant take something apart if its not funcionando.
yours! Kevin: No puedes desmontar algo si no es tuyo!
Perry: Well, I thought that if I took it apart I could Perry: Bueno, pens que si lo desmontaba podra
put it back together. volver a montarlo.
Kevin: Youre always taking my things apart. Kevin: Siempre ests desmontando mis cosas.
Perry: Yeah, but I normally put them back Perry: S, pero suelo montarlas de nuevo.
together. Kevin: La prxima vez que desmontes algo mo te
Kevin: The next time you take something of mine matar!
apart Ill kill you! Perry: Incluso si es fcil montarlo otra vez?
Perry: Even if its easy to put back together? Kevin: Te desmontar a ti si tocas cualquier otra
Kevin: Ill take you apart if you touch anything else cosa ma.
of mine!
1. What does Kevin ask Perry? 1.

2. Did Perry take it apart? 2.
3. Can Perry put it back together? 3.
4. Why did he take it apart? 4.
5. Did Kevin give him permission to take it apart? 5.
6. Did Perry think it would be difficult to put it together? 6.
7. Was it the first time that he took something 7.
of Kevins apart?
8. Can Perry normally put things back together? 8.
9. What will Kevin do the next time that Perry takes 9.
something of his apart?
10. If Perry touches anything else of Kevin, what will 10.
happen?
En cada una de estas frases se puede poner la palabra back delante de la palabra together en el verbo to put together. To put
together significa juntar o montar y to put back together significa volver a juntar o volver a montar.

Phrasal Verbs II
to look for buscar
A primera vista, to look up y to look for
to look up consultar (en un diccionario, Internet, etc.) pueden parecer casi iguales, pero no lo son. To
look for es buscar en el sentido ms amplio.
To look up se usa slo cuando se trata de
to turn up subir (volumen, temperatura, etc.)
consultar y buscar informacin en diccionarios,
enciclopedias e Internet.
to turn down bajar (volumen, temperatura, etc.)
En esta pgina vamos a machacar los verbos to look for y to look up:
Our boss is looking for a new image for the company Nuestro jefe est buscando una nueva imagen para
and he told me that I had to look for a new slogan. la empresa y me dijo que tena que buscar un nuevo
When Im looking for inspiration I usually look eslogan. Cuando busco inspiracin suelo buscar
things up on the Internet. This time I decided to cosas en Internet. Esta vez decid consultar mi
look strange words up in my synonym dictionary to diccionario en busca de palabras raras e interesantes
see if I could find some interesting words for the para el nuevo eslogan. Luego pens que sera buena
new slogan. Then I thought it would be a good idea idea consultar los nombres y eslganes de nuestros
to look up the names and slogans of our competitors competidores en Internet. Mientras lo haca me llam
on the Internet. As I was doing this, my girlfriend mi novia y me record que tena que buscar un
phoned me and reminded me that I had to look for a fontanero para arreglar nuestra ducha rota. Busqu
plumber to fix our broken shower. I looked up some algunos fontaneros en Internet, pero eran todos
plumbers on the Internet, but they were all very muy caros, as que decid ir a consultar las pginas
expensive, so I decided to go and look up plumbers amarillas de toda la vida para encontrar los nmeros
phone numbers in the good, old-fashioned Yellow de telfonos de fontaneros, pero, claro, no recordaba
Pages, but of course I couldnt remember where it dnde estaba y me pas veinte minutos buscndolas!
was and I spent twenty minutes looking for it!
1. What is his boss looking for? 1.

2. What did his boss tell him that he had to look for? 2.
3. Where does he usually look things up when hes 3.
looking for inspiration?
4. What did he think it would be a good idea to do? 4.
5. Did he start looking up the names and slogans? 5.
6. What did his girlfriend remind him that 6.
he had to look for?
7. Why did he have to look for a plumber? 7.
8. Where did he look up some plumbers? 8.
9. Did he look up plumbers phone 9.
numbers anywhere else?
10. Could he find the Yellow Pages or did 10.
he have to look for it?
Cuando uses el pronombre it con el verbo to look up intenta enlazar la pronunciacin en una sola palabra; as que try to look it up
es /trai tu lukitap/.

Aunque to turn up y to turn down significan subir y Fjate en la primera pregunta que Reggie le hace a Elsie: Do
bajar, respectivamente, slo valen para decir subir y bajar you mind turning that music down?. Do you mind + verbo
cuando se trata de regular el volumen o la temperatura de algo. + -ing es una forma educada de pedir a alguien que haga
Por ejemplo, si lo que quieres decir es subir o bajar de una algo (lo cual en realidad es una orden!). Si quieres ser an
planta a otra o una escalera debes usar los verbos compuestos ms educado/a usa la estructura Would you mind + verbo +
to go/come up y to go/come down. -ing?
Ahora machacaremos los verbos compuestos to turn down y to turn up:
Reggie: Do you mind turning that music down? Reggie: Te importa bajar esa msica?
Elsie: Why do you want me to turn it down? Its Elsie: Por que quieres que la baje? No est tan
not that loud. alta.
Reggie: Its too loud for me, I cant concentrate. Reggie: Est demasiado alta para m, no puedo
Turn it down, please. concentrarme. Bjala, por favor.
Elsie: Ok, Ill turn the music down if you turn the Elsie: Vale, bajar la msica si t subes la
heating up. Im freezing! calefaccin. Estoy helada!
Reggie: Ok, its a deal. Ill go and turn the heating Reggie: Vale, hecho. Voy a subir la calefaccin,
up, then. entonces.
Reggie: Have you turned your music down yet? It Reggie: Has bajado la msica ya? Me sigue
still sounds loud to me. pareciendo que est muy alta.
Elsie: Of course Ive turned it down. Im not sure Elsie: Claro que la he bajado. Lo que no tengo
you turned the heating up, though. muy claro es si t hayas subido ya la
Reggie: I turned it up a little. Cant you tell? calefaccin.
Elsie: Why didnt you turn it up more? Reggie: La he subido un poco. No se nota?
Reggie: Would you like me to go and turn it up Elsie: Por qu no la has subido ms?
again? Reggie: Te gustara que fuera a subirla otra vez?
Elsie: No, its alright. Leave it. Elsie: No, est bien. Djalo.
Reggie: Hey, I love that song. Turn it up! Reggie: Ay, me encanta esa cancin. Sbela!
Elsie: Ha-ha! You hypocrite! Elsie: Ja-ja! Qu hipcrita!
1. What does Reggie want Elsie to do? 1.

2. Does Elsie think she should turn the music down? 2.
3. Why does Reggie want Elsie to turn the music down? 3.
4. What does Elsie ask for in return for turning her music 4.
down?
5. What does Reggie say hell do? 5.
6. Does Reggie think that Elsie has turned her music down? 6.
7. Did Reggie turn the heating up a lot or a little? 7.
8. What does Reggie offer to do? 8.
9. Does Elsie ask him to turn it up again? 9.
10. Why does Elsie call Reggie a hypocrite? 10.
Para encender, apagar, subir y bajar los controles de una mquina tenemos los cuatro verbos compuestos to turn on, to turn
off, to turn up y to turn down. Tambin valen to switch on y to switch off para encender y apagar, respectivamente, aunque
no podemos decir to switch up y to switch down para subir y bajar. Por qu no? Porque to turn suele referirse al hecho de que
es una mquina con un dial que hay que girar, mientras que to switch se refiere a interruptores que no se pueden girar!

Phrasal Verbs III
to tell off regaar
Aprende bien este verbo compuesto muy comn: to tell
to have off tener/cogerse das de vacaciones (someone) off. Crenos, sers unos de los pocos espaoles
que sabe decir regaar o reir a alguien! Otra expresin
to write down apuntar
que tenemos para decir esto es to have a go at someone.
to fill in rellenar
En esta pgina vamos a machacar los verbos to tell off y to have off:
My boss is always telling me off for having too many Mi jefe me regaa todo el tiempo por cogerme
days off work. I can understand him telling me off for demasiados das de vacaciones. Puedo entender que
this, but the problem is that he thinks I have these me regae por ello, pero el problema es que l cree
days off because Im lazy or because I dont want to que no voy al trabajo en esos das porque soy vaga o
work, but thats just not true. He told me off yesterday porque no quiero trabajar, pero eso no es verdad. Me
for having Monday off. I told him that I had that day rega ayer por cogerme el lunes libre. Le dije que me
off because my son was ill and there was nobody to cog ese da porque mi hijo estaba enfermo y no haba
look after him. My husband cant have any days off nadie que le cuidara. Mi marido no puede cogerse das
because he is self-employed and we need the money. de vacaciones porque es autnomo y necesitamos el
This morning my boss said that it was the last time dinero. Esta maana mi jefe me dijo que era la ltima
he was going to tell me off; he says that if I have one vez que me iba a regaar; dice que si me cojo un da
more day off before my official holidays he will have to ms de vacaciones antes de mis vacaciones oficiales
take serious measures. My question is: who tells him tendr que tomar medidas graves. Mi pregunta
off when he has days off?! es: quin le regaa a l cuando se coge das de
vacaciones?!
1. Does the boss often tell her off? 1.

2. Why is he always telling her off? 2.
3. Does she understand why he tells her off? 3.
4. Why does the boss think she has days off? 4.
5. Is it true that she has days off because shes lazy? 5.
6. What day did she have off this week? 6.
7. Why did she have that day off? 7.
8. Why cant her husband have days off? 8.
9. What does the boss say hell do if she has 9.
one more day off?
10. Does anybody tell the boss off when he has days off? 10.
Existe una expresin divertida en ingls para describir esos das cuando no vas al trabajo por estar enfermo/a Es decir, tus jefes
creen que ests enfermo/a, pero no lo ests! Se llama to have a sickie y lo que haces para tener a sickie es to call in sick.

Por algn motivo que ni siquiera nosotros llegamos a Otros ejemplos del verbo to fill in que mantienen algo del
entender, los dos verbos to fill in y to fill out significan sentido de rellenar: I had two hours to fill in (Tuve dos horas
rellenar. As que podras sustituir to fill in por to fill out para matar) y fill me in on what happened this morning
en cada una de las frases del dilogo abajo. (Ponme al tanto de lo que pas esta maana).
Ahora machacaremos los verbos compuestos to write down y to fill in:
Policeman: What did you do when you saw the Polica: Qu hizo usted cuando vio el robo?
robbery? Beryl: Bueno, apunt todo lo que vi.
Beryl: Well, I wrote down everything I saw. Polica: Vale, estupendo. Pero primero necesito que
Policeman: Ok, wonderful. But first I need you to fill rellene este formulario.
in this form. Beryl: Tengo que rellenar todo el formulario?
Beryl: Do I need to fill in the whole form? Polica: No, slo la parte de arriba.
Policeman: No, just fill in the section at the top. Beryl: Vale, aqu tiene. Creo que lo he rellenado
Beryl: Ok, there you go. I think I filled it in correctly. correctamente.
Policeman: So, did you write down the cars number Polica: Bien, apunt usted la matrcula?
plate? Beryl: S, la apunt en el dorso de la mano.
Beryl: Yes, I wrote it down on the back of my hand. Polica: Apunt tambin una descripcin del
Policeman: Did you write down a description of the ladrn?
thief as well? Beryl: S, la apunt cuando volv a casa.
Beryl: Yes, I wrote it down when I got home. Polica: Apunt algo ms?
Policeman: Did you write anything else down? Beryl: No, slo apunt esas dos cosas.
Beryl: No, theyre the only two things I wrote down. Polica: Vale, bien Oiga usted no ha rellenado la
Policeman: Ok, fine Hey, you didnt fill in the part parte sobre sus datos de contacto.
about your contact details. Beryl: Ay, lo siento, crea que no tena que rellenar
Beryl: Oh, sorry, I didnt think I had to fill that esa parte.
part in.
1. What did Beryl do when she saw the robbery? 1.

2. What does the policeman say that she needs to do 2.
first?
3.
3. Does she need to fill in the whole form?
4.
4. What part of the form does she need to fill in?
5.
5. Did she write down the cars number plate?
6.
6. Where did she write it down?
7.
7. When did she write down a description of the thief?
8.
8. Did she write anything else down?
9.
9. Did she fill in the form correctly?
10.
10. What part didnt she fill in and why?
Esperamos que ests writing down todo el vocabulario que ests viendo en las clases esta semana. A no ser que tengas un cerebro
como el motor de bsqueda de Google, no vas a recordar todas las palabras que oyes. Es muy importante apuntar todo; la accin de
escribir significa que tendrs muchas ms probabilidades de recordarlas.

Phrasal Verbs IV
Hay una serie de verbos cuyos significados son bastante parecidos. To go
to go over revisar over, to go through, to look over y to look through. Todos tienen
una idea de mirar, repasar, revisar. La diferencia es que to look sugiere
to look through hojear
echar un vistazo, mientras que to go sugiere un anlisis un poco ms
to come down with caer enfermo/a de detallado. Lo mismo ocurre con las preposiciones over y through.
Over implica mirar por encima y through indica un repaso ms
to get over superar/reponerse de riguroso. As que el orden de meticulosidad sera (de menos a ms): to
look over, to go over, to look through y to go through.
En esta pgina vamos a machacar los verbos to go over y to look through:
Im getting married next month and as my husband-to- Me caso el mes que viene y, puesto que mi
be is away on business, its my responsibility to go over futuro marido est en un viaje de negocios, es mi
all the plans and to look through this pile of magazines responsabilidad revisar todos los planes y hojear
to get ideas for the wedding. More importantly, I have este montn de revistas para sacar ideas para la
to look through all these designs my friend has sent boda. Ms importante es hojear estos diseos que mi
me for possible wedding dresses. The first thing I have amigo me ha enviado para mirar los posibles trajes de
to go over is the list of confirmed guests, although its novia. Lo primero que tengo que repasar es la lista de
not really so necessary as I go over that list every day. invitados confirmados, aunque la verdad es que no
I also have to go over our finances and make sure that es tan necesario, ya que la repaso casi todos los das.
we arent spending too much. When I finish going over Tambin tengo que revisar nuestras finanzas para
our plans and our finances Ill start looking through asegurarme de que no estamos gastando demasiado.
these fashion magazines to get ideas for my wedding Cuando termine de revisar los planes y las finanzas
dress, even though my friend has sent me some empezar a hojear estas revistas de moda para sacar
drawings that I should look through first. I love looking ideas para mi traje de novia, aunque mi amigo me ha
through these magazines, even though I know I cant enviado unos dibujos que debera hojear primero. Me
afford any of their designs. I wonder if my husband- encanta hojear estas revistas a pesar de saber que
to-be or fiance has gone over the list of tasks that no me puedo permitir ninguno de sus diseos. Me
I asked him to do. When he comes back, the first pregunto si mi futuro marido o prometido ha revisado
thing we have to do is to look through these holiday la lista de tareas que le he pedido. Cuando vuelva,
brochures and decide where we are going to go on our lo primero que tenemos que hacer es hojear estos
honeymoon once and for all. folletos de vacaciones para decidir de una vez por
todas adnde nos vamos en nuestra luna de miel!
1. What is it her responsibility to go over? 1.

2. What does she have to look through? 2.
3. Why is she going to look through the pile of magazines? 3.
4. What did her friend send her to look through? 4.
5. Whats the first thing shes going to go over? 5.
6. Why does she have to go over their finances? 6.
7. When will she start looking through the fashion magazines? 7.
8. Does she like looking through fashion magazines? 8.
9. What did she ask her future husband to go over? 9.
10. What are they going to look through when he comes 10.
back, and why?
Vers que en el texto tenemos las frases I finish going over y Ill start looking through. El verbo to start (igual que to begin) puede
ir seguido o bien del infinitivo o bien del gerundio, mientras que el verbo to finish slo puede ir seguido del gerundio.

No slo usamos to get over para superar enfermedades,
sino tambin las grandes dificultades, los obstculos y las Otros verbos muy tiles con to get cuando se trata de
crisis. Superar objetivos y nmeros es to exceed o to go enfermedades son to get better (mejorar) y to get worse
beyond. (empeorar). Hay ejercicios con estos verbos en la pgina 105.
Ahora machacaremos los verbos compuestos to come down with y to get over:
Manager: Do we have enough players for the match Director: Tenemos jugadores suficientes para el
tomorrow? partido de maana?
Assistant manager: Its not looking good, boss. Asistente: No pinta bien, jefe. Todo el mundo est
Everyone is coming down with the flu. enfermando de gripe.
Manager: Everyone? Is the captain coming down with Director: Todo el mundo? El capitn se est
the flu? poniendo enfermo de gripe?
Assistant manager: No, he got over his flu last week, Asistente: No, l super la gripe la semana pasada,
but I think he passed it on to everyone else. pero creo que ha contagiado a todos
Were the only ones not coming down with it. los dems. Somos los nicos que no la
Manager: Well, theyre all going to have to get over it estamos pillando.
quickly. Director: Pues todos ellos van a tener que superarla,
Assistant manager: The goalkeeper came down with y rpido.
gastroenteritis last night. Hell need 24 Asistente: El portero enferm de una gastroenteritis
hours to get over that. anoche. Necesitar 24 horas para
Manager: What about the reserve team? Are they recuperarse.
coming down with anything? Director: Y el equipo de reserva, qu tal est?
Assistant manager: No, theyre not coming down with Estn enfermando de algo?
anything. Maybe a cold or two. Asistente: No, no estn enfermando de nada. Tal vez
Manager: Colds? Are these men or mice? You dont haya un par de resfriados.
have to get over a cold! Youre not going Director: Resfriados? Pero son hombres o ratones?
to tell me that youre coming down with No hace falta recuperarse de un resfriado.
something as well, are you? No me vas a decir que tambin ests
Assistant manager: Just a broken heart; my wife left enfermando de algo?
me on Tuesday. Asistente: Slo de un corazn roto; mi mujer me dej
Manager: Dont worry, youll get over it. el martes.
Director: No te preocupes, ya lo superars.
1. Why doesnt the team have enough players for the 1.

match tomorrow?
2. What illness are they coming down with? 2.
3. Is the captain coming down with the flu as well? 3.
4. When did he get over his flu? 4.
5. Who are the only ones not coming down with an illness? 5.
6. How long does the manager say that the players have 6.
to get over the flu?
7. What did the goalkeeper come down with? 7.
8. How long will he need to get over it? 8.
9. Are the reserve players coming down with anything 9.
serious?
10. Is the manager sympathetic about the illness that the 10.
assistant manager has come down with?
En la pregunta 10 vemos el adjetivo sympathetic. Cuidado con este falso amigo; no significa simptico/a, sino comprensivo/a.
Cuando quieras decir simptico/a usa una de las siguientes palabras: friendly, nice o kind.

Phrasal Verbs V
to go up to acercarse a La diferencia entre to come up to y to go up to
to come up to acercarse a es la que hay entre to come y to go en general.
To come indica movimiento hacia la persona
to turn on encender que est hablando y to go indica movimiento en
to turn off apagar general.
En esta pgina vamos a machacar los verbos to go up to y to come up to:
Opposite the pub we saw a friend of ours who works Enfrente del bar vimos a un amigo nuestro que
as a bouncer at a club. We went up to him and trabaja como portero en una discoteca. Nos
asked him if we could get in. While we were at the acercamos a l y le preguntamos si podamos entrar.
door some girls came up to us and asked if they Mientras estbamos en la puerta se nos acercaron
could go in with us. Once inside the club, one of the unas chicas que nos preguntaron si podan entrar
girls came up to me and asked me if I could buy her con nosotros. Una vez dentro de la discoteca una de
a drink. I told her to go up to the bar herself or ask las chicas se me acerc y me pregunt si le poda
my mate Tony who had already gone up to the bar invitar a una copa. Le dije que se acercara ella misma
to get some drinks. With my beer in hand I saw a al bar o que se la pidiese a mi amigo Tony, que ya se
beautiful girl on the other side of the bar; I decided haba acercado al bar para pedir unas copas. Con mi
to go up to her and ask her to dance. She said she cerveza ya en mano vi a una chica guapsima al otro
would only dance with me if I went up to the DJ to lado del bar; decid acercarme a ella y pedirle que
request one of her favourite songs. So I went up to bailara conmigo. Me dijo que slo bailara conmigo si
the DJ and asked him for her song. He told me to me acercaba al DJ para pedirle una de sus canciones
go back up to the girl and tell her that Dancing preferidas. As que me acerqu al DJ y le ped su
Queen by Abba is not the type of song he usually cancin. Me dijo que volviera a acercarme a la chica
plays on Dark Techno nights. I went back up to her para decirle que Dancing Queen, de Abba, no es el
and told her this; she went up to her friends and estilo de cancin que suele poner en las noches de
they all started to laugh. It seems I had been the Techno Oscuro. Me acerqu a ella y se lo cont; ella
victim of a practical joke. My friends also laughed se acerc a sus amigas y todas empezaron a rerse.
at me when I went up to them and told them what Parece que yo haba sido la vctima de una broma.
had happened. However, I couldnt believe it when Mis amigos tambin se rieron cuando me acerqu a
the same girl came back up to me twenty minutes ellos y les cont lo que haba pasado. No obstante,
later on the dance floor and gave me a big kiss on no poda creerlo cuando la misma chica se me acerc
the cheek! otra vez en la pista de baile veinte minutos despus y
me dio un besazo en la cara!
1. Who did the boys go up to in the street? 1.

2. Why did some girls go up to the boys at the door of the 2.
club?
3. Did he go up to the bar to get the girl a drink? 3.
4. Who went up to the bar? 4.
5. Did the beautiful girl come up to him or did he go up to her? 5.
6. What did the beautiful girl ask him to do? 6.
7. Why he go back up to the girl? 7.
8. Who did she go up to when he told her what the DJ had 8.
said?
9. What did his friends do when he went up to them? 9.
10. Why did the girl come up to him on the dance floor? 10.
Vers que algunas veces hemos metido la palabra back despus de los verbos to come y to go. Igual que to come back y to go
back significan vuelve aqu o vuelve all, to come back to y to go back to significan volver a acercarse.

Cuidado con la pronunciacin del verbo to turn. No Te lo recordaremos una vez ms porque es muy importante:
queremos una pronunciacin castellana de la u y la r. No se siempre hay que colocar el pronombre entre el verbo y la
pronuncia como la ur de turno; la pronunciacin correcta es preposicin. Turn it on o Turn them off. Nunca Turn on it
ms cercana a la er en ternera: /tu tern/. o Turn off them!
Ahora machacaremos los verbos compuestos to turn on y to turn off:
Marvin: Evening, Im Marvin. Is this the first time Marvin: Buenas, soy Marvin. Es sta la primera
youve worked the night shift? Well, listen vez que trabajas en el turno de noche?
carefully: as security guards, there are lots of Bien, escucha atentamente: como guardias
things we have to turn on and off when the de seguridad, hay muchas cosas que
workers have gone home. tenemos que encender y apagar cuando los
Earl: Fire away! trabajadores se han marchado a casa.
Earl: Dispara!
Marvin: Firstly, I want you to go around the office and
Marvin: Primero, quiero que des una vuelta por la
turn off all the computers and the printers.
oficina y apagues todos los ordenadores e
Earl: Dont the workers turn them off? impresoras.
Marvin: No, sometimes they forget to. Then you need Earl: Los trabajadores no los apagan?
to turn off any lights that are still on on floors Marvin: No, a veces se les olvida. Despus, tienes
three to eight; Ill turn them off on the other que apagar cualquier luz que siga encendida
two floors. en las plantas tres a ocho; yo las apagar en
Earl: When do we turn on the alarm systems and las otras dos plantas.
the outside lights? Earl: Cundo encendemos los sistemas de
alarma y las luces exteriores?
Marvin: When we finish turning off all the lights
Marvin: Cuando terminemos de apagar todas las
and machines on all the floors. After that,
luces y las mquinas en todas las plantas.
we meet in the security control room.
Despus de eso, quedamos en la sala
Unfortunately, we have to turn off the central
de control de seguridad. Por desgracia,
heating, but we can turn on some portable
tenemos que apagar la calefaccin central,
heaters.
pero podemos encender unos calefactores
Earl: Can we turn the televisions on? porttiles.
Marvin: Im afraid the only TV youll be watching will Earl: Podemos encender las televisiones?
be from the security cameras. Marvin: Me temo que la nica tele que vers ser de
Earl: And what about the radios? las cmaras de seguridad.
Earl: Y las radios?
Marvin: We can turn our radios on, but we have to
turn them off if we hear or see anything Marvin: Podemos encender nuestras radios, pero
suspicious. tenemos que apagarlas si omos o vemos
algo sospechoso.
1. How many things does Earl have to turn on and off? 1.

2. What does he have to turn off first? 2.
3. On which floors does he have to turn the lights off? 3.
4. Who will turn them off on the other two floors? 4.
5. When can they turn on the alarm systems and the 5.
outside lights?
6. Do they have to turn off the central heating? 6.
7. Can they turn any televisions on? 7.
8. What televisions will be turned on? 8.
9. Can they turn on their radios? 9.
10. When do they have to turn them off? 10.
Como hemos visto antes, tambin se puede decir to switch on y to switch off para encender y apagar, respectivamente. Tambin
se utiliza mucho to put on y to put off, pero los verbos ms comunes son to turn on y to turn off. Cuando algo est encendido o
apagado podemos utilizar el verbo to be para decir simplemente: its on o its off.

Phrasal Verbs VI
to get together reunir(se) / volver a estar juntos
to break up romper Get together tambin existe como sustantivo; significa una
reunin informal o un acontecimiento social que muchas
to come in entrar veces se organiza con un propsito especfico.
to keep out no (dejar) entrar
En esta pgina vamos a machacar los verbos compuestos to get together y to break up:
Last Friday my friends and I got together at Peters El viernes pasado mis amigos y yo nos reunimos en
house. We usually try to get together a couple of times casa de Peter. Solemos intentar reunirnos un par de
a month to have a few drinks or a meal. This time we veces al mes para tomar unas copas o para comer.
decided to get together to talk about Kelly and Paul, Esta vez decidimos reunirnos para hablar de Kelly y
who broke up the day before. When something bad Paul, que rompieron el da anterior. Cuando algo malo
happens to someone in our group of friends we get le pasa a alguien de nuestro grupo de amigos nos
together to talk and see if theres anything we can do reunimos para hablar y ver si podemos hacer algo para
to help. This isnt the first time that Kelly and Paul are ayudar. No es la primera vez que Kelly y Paul rompen;
breaking up; in fact, theyre always breaking up! But Im de hecho, siempre estn rompiendo! Pero estoy
quite sure that this will be the last time they break up. bastante segura de que sta ser la ltima vez que
It was Kellys decision to break up; she just doesnt love rompan. Fue decisin de Kelly romper; simplemente ya
Paul anymore. I wouldnt be surprised if she broke up no quiere a Paul. No me extraara que haya roto con
with Paul because she has started seeing someone else. Paul porque ha empezado a ver a otra persona. Es por
Thats why I dont think that theyll get back together eso que no creo que vuelvan esta vez. Espero que Paul
this time. I hope Paul is OK; I know that the last time est bien; s que la ltima vez que rompieron le afect
they broke up it really affected him. What he needs is mucho. Lo que necesita es encontrar a otra persona
to find someone else soon so that he can forget about pronto para que pueda olvidarse de Kelly. Tal vez yo
Kelly. Maybe Ill try and organise a party and see if I can organice una fiesta a ver si puedo emparejar a Paul
get Paul together with one of my friends. con una de mis amigas.
1. When did the writer and her friends get together? 1.

2. Whose house did they get together at? 2.
3. How often do they try to get together? 3.

4. Why did they decide to get together again this time?
4.
5. When did Kelly and Paul break up?
5.
6. Did they break up before?
6.
7. Whose decision was it to break up?
7.
8. Why doesnt the writer think that they will get back
together? 8.
9. Was Paul OK the last time they broke up? 9.
10. Why is the writer thinking about organising a party? 10.
Como hemos visto con otros verbos compuestos, a veces podemos colocar la palabra back en medio del verbo para expresar la idea
de volver a hacerlo. La palabra back siempre tiene que ir justo delante de la preposicin: they got back together, turn it back
on, put it back together, go back up to, etc.

Los dos verbos compuestos to come in y to go in Una expresin til con el verbo to come in es to come in
significan entrar. La diferencia reside en que dices to come handy, significa que algo resulta utl o vendr bien. Ej: This
in cuando ya ests dentro de la habitacin en cuestin, y expression will come in handy for your English!
decimos to go in cuando estamos fuera de la habitacin. Por
eso, algunas de las preguntas abajo se escriben con to go in,
ya que tenemos la perspectiva de la visin de Chris.
Ahora machacaremos los verbos compuestos to keep out y to come in:
Mum: Keep out! Mam: No entres!

Chris: Why cant I come in, mum? Chris: Por qu no puedo entrar, mam?
Mum: Keep out for a second. I havent finished yet. Mam: No entres un segundo, todava no he terminado.
5 minutes later 5 minutos despus
Mum: Ok, Chris, you can come in now. Mam: Bien, Chris, puedes entrar ahora.
Chris: Why did I have to keep out? Chris: Por qu no poda entrar?
Mum: You cant come into peoples rooms without Mam: No puedes entrar en las habitaciones de los
knocking first. Hi, Jenny, how are you? dems sin llamar a la puerta primero. Hola,
Jenny: Hi, mum, Im good, thanks. Jenny, qu tal?
Chris: Why can she come in and I have to keep out? Jenny: Hola, mam, estoy bien, gracias.
Mum: Because she knocks before coming into Chris: Por qu ella puede entrar y yo me tengo que
peoples rooms. By the way, I was at your school quedar fuera?
this morning speaking to your teachers. They Mam: Porque ella llama a la puerta antes de entrar
told me that you were being a good little boy in en las habitaciones de los dems. Por cierto,
class and keeping out of trouble estuve en tu cole esta maana hablando con
Dog: Woof, woof, woof, woof! tus profesores. Me han dicho que te ests
Mum: Jenny, keep the dog out of my room. If he portando bien en clase y que no te ests
comes in here hell dirty all these clean clothes. metiendo en los
Chris, come here. This is a present for you for Perro: Guau, guau, guau, guau!
being a good boy and for keeping out of trouble. Mam: Jenny, no dejes que entre el perro en mi
Chris: Thanks, mum! Thats why I couldnt come in, habitacin. Si entra aqu va a ensuciar toda mi
you were wrapping this present! ropa limpia. Chris, ven aqu. ste es un regalo
para ti por ser un buen chico y no meterte en
los.
Chris: Gracias, mam! Es por eso que no poda
entrar, estabas envolviendo este regalo!
1. Who has to keep out of his mums bedroom? 1.

2. Why does his mum tell him to keep out? 2.
3. How long does Chris have to wait before he can go in? 3.
4. What does his mum tell him that he has to do before 4.
going into peoples rooms?
5. Who comes into the room while they are speaking? 5.
6. Does Jenny knock first before coming into the room? 6.
7. Why is Chris being a good boy at school? 7.
8. Who tries to come into the room? 8.
9. Why does Jennys mum want to keep the dog out of 9.
her room?
10. What was the real reason why Chris couldnt come into 10.
his mums room?
Podemos decir o bien to come in o to come into, las dos formas son correctas. Solemos decir to come into cuando especificamos
el destino. Por ejemplo: Come in!, Dont come into my room!, Can I come in?, You cant come into the kitchen!, etc.

PUBLIC SPEAKING
En esta seccin vas a desarrollar destrezas que te sern muy tiles tanto en el mbito acadmico/
profesional como en el personal. Al hablar de public speaking (oratoria) nos referimos a las
estrategias y habilidades necesarias para que tu interaccin lingstica en los distintos mbitos
sociales (desde la reserva de un vuelo hasta una entrevista de trabajo) sea exitosa. Esto implica
entender ciertas convenciones culturales y sociales (por ejemplo, qu tipo de preguntas pueden
resultar ofensivas) tanto como dominar estructuras lingsticas especficas.
Participars en juegos de rol y tendrs que hacer presentaciones ante tus compaeros/as.
Te animamos a que dejes de lado tus inhibiciones y des salida a tu yo ms histrinico. Esto te
ayudar ms de lo que imaginas con, entre otras cosas, la pronunciacin. No has tenido nunca
la sensacin de que tu pronunciacin en ingls es mejor cuando haces una parodia de un tejano
que cuando hablas con mayor seriedad? Tambin encontrars una serie de consejos para realizar
presentaciones en ingls que pondrs en prctica en clase con la ayuda de tu profesor/a.
Ayudarte a mejorar tu pronunciacin es uno de nuestros objetivos principales y se practicar a lo

largo de todo el curso. No te enfades con tu profesor/a porque te corrija constantemente en todas
tus clases! Forma parte de nuestro plan. En esta parte del curso la practicars especialmente
mediante actividades que salpicarn la clase de oratoria.
Presentation Check List
Preparation
Mind map Prepara un diagrama de tu presentacin en una sola hoja de modo que puedas tener una visin global de
todo lo que quieres decir. As nunca podrs perderte!
Data Ten a mano todos los datos que necesites para respaldar tus argumentos. Descarta todo comentario que
no sea relevante o no puedas sustentar!
Practice Practica delante de un espejo, grbate en vdeo, rene a tus amigos y familiares (pdeles que sean todo lo
crticos que puedan). Y no dejes de cronometrarte!
Content
Introduction Crea un clima relajado y proporciona al pblico toda la informacin relevante (objetivo, contenido,
estructura, duracin). La introduccin determinar el xito de tu presentacin. No escatimes esfuerzos
con ella!
Structure Structure is good! Cuanto ms definida sea la estructura de tu presentacin, ms fcil le resultar al pblico
seguir tus pasos. S fiel a tu plan y conseguirs que no se pierdan.
Three points to remember Haz todo lo posible para que el pblico recuerde tres aspectos clave de tu presentacin (t decides
cules!). Si logras esto, habrs tenido xito.
Wrap-up Debes recapitular lo presentado despus del turno de preguntas. T has de tener la ltima palabra! ste es
un buen momento para dar al pblico tu informacin de contacto si quieres mantener el canal abierto.
Delivery
Body language No distraigas a tu pblico con movimientos innecesarios. Reljate y mralos a los ojos. No escondas las
manos si quieres que confen en ti. Muvete lo justo para que puedan verte desde cualquier rincn de la
sala y para que el pblico sienta que quieres aproximarte a ellos.
Voice Loud and clear! Antes de la presentacin sintate en la ltima fila de la sala y pdele a un colega que hable
a un volumen normal desde el lugar donde vas a presentar. Eso te dar una idea de cmo debes proyectar
tu voz el da de la presentacin.
Pace Recuerda que una presentacin no es una conversacin. Has de hablar ms despacio de lo habitual para
que tu pblico no se pierda. Respira antes de cada prrafo y no tengas miedo de repetir la informacin
importante una y otra vez. Tu pblico te lo agradecer.
Pronunciation Practica a fondo la pronunciacin de cualquier palabra que vayas a utilizar y que no te sea familiar. Vers
como tu confianza aumenta el da de la presentacin!
Nerve control Evita los productos con cafena antes de la presentacin. Seguro que ya tendrs adrenalina de sobra
cuando llegue el momento de la verdad! Tener un bolgrafo en la mano te ayudar a disimular gestos de
nerviosismo con las manos, pero no hagas ruido con l (clic, clic, clic).
Use of notes, visuals and other props Utiliza cualquier recurso (PowerPoint, grficos, etc.) que pueda ayudar al pblicoy a ti mismo/aa
seguir, entender y recordar el contenido de tu presentacin. Cuanto ms creativo/a seas en tu forma de
exponer el contenido, ms probabilidades de xito tendrs.
Connecting with the audience Capta la atencin de tu pblico desde el primer momento. Prueba a contar una ancdota que sirva como
una metfora a la que vincular el contenido esencial de tu presentacin. Y no olvides derrochar entusiasmo
y sonrer! Si t mismo/a no puedes entusiasmarte por tu presentacin, nadie lo har.
Time management Cete al tiempo establecido. La mejor receta? Practica siempre con un cronmetro y pide a alguien que te
indique el tiempo restante durante la presentacin usando tarjetas (10 min., 5 min., 3 min., 1 min., segn
la duracin de la presentacin).
Handling Questions
Providing thoughtful answers S respetuoso/a con tu pblico respondiendo con franqueza a sus preguntas. Si no tienes una buena res-
puesta en ese momento, proporciona una alternativa (p. ej. contactar a esa persona despus de investigar
el asunto o relacionar esa pregunta con otro aspecto relevante de la presentacin).
Reformulating questions Repite en voz alta las preguntas que te hagan si necesitas ms tiempo para pensar en la respuesta o si
no has entendido bien. Ten en cuenta que si t no entiendes la pregunta, es probable que el resto de la
audiencia tampoco la entienda; pide que la reformulen y que sean tan especficos como sea posible.

Public Speaking Physical descriptions
Aqu vemos cmo Erika habla del aspecto fsico de algunos amigos suyos:
Para ir ms all:
Good morning, everyone. My name is Erika and Im going to talk Para describir la altura
to you about some of my friends, what they look like and how they de alguien utilizamos el
Si quieres ser un poco ms
usually dress. verbo to be + altura
formal con tu presentacin
The first friend of mine that I want to talk to you about is Carl. Carl + tall: Shes 172
puedes decir Let me
is 28 years old, he has short brown curly hair and brown eyes. centimetres tall.
introduce myself: antes de
decir My name is... Hes about 180 centimetres tall, so I suppose you could say that
he is above average height. Hes a little overweight these days. He
Usamos mucho el
used to do a lot of sport, but since he had his injury and stopped doing exercise he has gained adjetivo average
a lot of weight. Hes still well-built though, and has quite broad shoulders. He usually dresses cuando hablamos del
very casually with jeans and T-shirts and his hair is fashionably scruffy. aspecto de la gente.
The second friend I want to talk to you about is Jessica. Shes 26 years old, shes 170 Significa medio/a:
centimetres tall and has a slim build. She has long black hair and a fringe. Shes very careful A person of average
about what she eats, and likes to look after her figure. She usually dresses very simply and height/weight
almost always has the same look of jeans and a dark-coloured top of some kind. significa Una persona
The third and final person Im going to mention is Nick. Hes 32, he has blue eyes and hes de estatura/peso
almost completely bald. Hes quite short; hes only around 160 centimetres tall. However, hes media/o. Y muchas
very strong and has a stocky build; this is because he plays a lot of rugby. He usually dresses veces decimos above
average y below
in a very preppy manner, with beige trousers and smart shirts. He usually wears designer-label
average para expresar
clothes as he has more money than sense!
superior o inferior a
la media.
Ahora te toca a ti!

Haz lo mismo que Erika y cuntales a tus compaeros/as el aspecto de algunos amigos tuyos y cmo suelen vestirse.
Luego, habla de los personajes que aparecen en los bocadillos y presenta la informacin que les acompaa:
Janet
35 Michelle
150 centimetres tall Andy 28
Full-figured 22 175 centimetres tall
Long straight brown hair 190 centimetres tall Average build
Brown eyes Thin build Long wavy red hair
Dresses conservatively Short black hair Brown eyes
Green eyes Likes to wear formal
Wears sporty clothes business style dress
Para recordar el vocabulario sobre el aspecto
Wayne
Joanne
fsico, acude a las Pginas 70 y 71.
37
175 centimetres tall 19
Overweight 172 centimetres tall
Short mousy brown hair No te Slim
Blue eyes preocupes por el Blond hair
Wears rockn roll style vocabulario nuevo Blue eyes
clothes que aparece aqu! Always wears the latest
Lo trabajars en clase con fashions
tus compaeros/as.
Presentation tip:
Nervios?
Preprate una botella de agua con zumo de un limn. As no te secar la boca!

ROLE PLAY Airports & Flying
A continuacin vemos cmo Sarah habla con Jack acerca de un vuelo que tienen que coger:
Sarah: What time does our flight leave on Saturday, Jack?

Jack: It leaves at half past eight.
Sarah: In the morning or in the evening?
Jack: Thats a good question. Let me check it with the
email confirmation they sent me. Its in the morning.
Sarah: How are we going to get to the airport? Es muy comn usar el verbo to get para
Jack: Its probably easier if we take the metro, isnt it? llegar. A diferencia de to arrive, con
to get siempre hay que poner el destino
Sarah: Do we have enough time to catch the metro? despus del verbo.
Jack: It only takes half an hour to get to the airport.
Sarah: Yeah, but at what time will we have to check in?
Jack: Well, they say two hours before, but we could check
in an hour before the flight takes off. To cut it fine es una expresin que significa
Sarah: I think thats cutting it fine. How much will a taxi ir con el tiempo justo.
cost?
Jack: About 30 Euros.
Cuando te ofrezcas para hacer algo en
Sarah: Thats expensive, but its preferable to being ingls, utiliza el verbo modal shall en las
stressed and being in a hurry. preguntas: Shall I answer the phone?,
Jack: Ok, shall I book it now then? Shall I cook tonight?, Shall I turn off the
TV?, etc.
Ahora te toca a ti!
Ahora tu profesor/a te va a pedir a ti y a un/a compaero/a de clase que representis un dilogo. Uno har las
preguntas y el otro responder segn la informacin contenida en uno de los recuadros.
A B
Friends coming from London Departure at 15:00
Thursday Flight delayed
Flight lands at 13:00 Boarded at 17:30
Meet them at the airport Window seat
Para recordar el vocabulario sobre el mundo de
Two weeks Flight took four hours

Flight home on Sunday 30th Landed two hours late
la aviacin, acude a las Pginas 72 y 73.
C
Departure at 21:15
Arrived at airport at 20:30
Missed the flight
Traffic jams on the roads
New flight at 23:45
Cost = 225 euros
Presentation tip:
Practice, practice, practice!
Practica delante de un espejo, grbate en vdeo, rene a tus amigos y familiares (pdeles que sean todo lo crticos que puedan). Y no
dejes de cronometrarte!

Public Speaking Body
Aqu vemos cmo Martin habla de la importancia de una buena dieta para la salud de nuestros cuerpos:
Good morning, everyone. Thank you for coming today. Firstly,

let me introduce myself: my names Martin Firth and Im a Un verbo compuesto
nutritionist at a famous health food company. muy til cuando se trata
Im here today to talk about some simple steps you can take with de reducir el consumo
your diet to help you have healthier, fitter bodies. de algo perjudical a la
Firstly, if you want to look after your lungs you should stop smoking. salud es to cut down
on (reducir).
If thats too difficult, try to cut down on the amount of cigarettes
you smoke each day, and make sure that you smoke no more
than five a day.
Secondly, make sure you dont drink too much alcohol, which, Ms vocabulario til:
in large quantities, is very bad for the liver, the brain and the make sure that...
significa asegrate de
cardiovascular system.
que....
Thirdly, make sure you have a healthy and balanced diet. This
Para ir ms all: means eating lots of fruit and vegetables, which contain large
amounts of vitamins and are beneficial in many ways. They are
Una frase hecha ms
good for the skin, so they can help you stay young looking. They
educada es Id be glad to
can also help in the fight against diseases such as cancer.
answer any questions you
might have. Try to limit the amount of sugar and salt in your diet. Too much
salt is bad for the heart and can cause high blood pressure. Too
much sugar is bad for your skin and can make you put on weight.
Any questions before I move on to the subject of exercising?
Ahora te toca a ti!

Habla de tu dieta. Qu sueles comer? Podras hacer ms cosas saludables para cuidar tu cuerpo y tu mente?
Luego, mira los casos de estos pacientes y sus dolencias corporales y dales un par de consejos:
Jos
33
Computer programmer
Works long hours with Brian Anita
computers 53 28
Eyes often hurt Politician Waitress in nightclub
Back pain Hair loss Bags under eyes
Has problems with wrists Yellow teeth Pale skin
(muecas) Bad breath Hearing difficulties
(mal aliento) Problems sleeping
Dirty finger nails
Para recordar el vocabulario sobre el cuerpo,
Terry Sandra
44 46
acude a las Pginas 74 y 75.
Builder Company manager

Overweight No te Mother of four
Smokers cough preocupes por el Stressed
Red face vocabulario nuevo Little time
Bad back que aparece aqu! Feels guilty
Lo trabajars en clase con (culpable)
tus compaeros/as.
Presentation tip:
Lo estar pronunciando bien?
Practica a fondo la pronunciacin de cualquier palabra que vayas a utilizar y que no te sea familiar. Vers como tu confianza
aumenta!

ROLE PLAY Body actions
A continuacin vemos cmo Anne habla con James acerca de un problema que tiene con su salud:
Anne: You dont look too good, James. Are you OK? Or is
Si piensas que alguien tiene un problema y
something the matter?
quieres preguntarle qu le pasa no utilices
James: Im having trouble sleeping at night; I cant stop el verbo to happen. Pregntale Whats the
coughing when I go to bed. matter? o Is something the matter?
Anne: When did you first start having this problem?
James: About two months ago, I think.
Anne: Are you still smoking much?
James: Well, that depends on what you mean by much. Dos verbos en ingls que van seguidos de
preposiciones diferentes que en castellano.
Anne: I mean more than ten a day. How many do you smoke Decimos to depend on y to mean by.
in a normal day?
James: I dont smoke much, then. I smoke about nine a day.
Anne: Ha-ha, very funny. Do you have trouble breathing?
James: No, but I sometimes lose my breath if I have to run Si aprendes una expresin hoy, que sea sta!
quickly. But thats normal, isnt it? To have trouble doing something significa
Anne: Not really Could you run up a flight of twenty stairs costar trabajo hacer algo: I have trouble
without losing your breath? sleeping at night (Me cuesta trabajo dormir
James: Im not sure if I could. por la noche).
Anne: What do the doctors say about your coughing
problems?
James: I dont know. The last time I went to the doctor was
over a year ago.
Anne: James! You have to go and see a doctor as soon as
possible.
Ahora te toca a ti!

Ahora tu profesor/a te va a pedir a ti y a un/a compaero/a de clase que representis un dilogo. Uno har las
A Sneezing a lot
B My wife cant sleep at night
For the last month Yes, I usually snore
Every year in spring I snore very loudly
Para recordar el vocabulario sobre las acciones de
Yes, I have hay fever Its worse if I drink alcohol

nuestros cuerpos, acude a las Pginas 76 y 77.
My eyes sometimes hurt Try to sleep on my side

Taking tablets and eye drops Doctor recommends breathing
exercises
C Im always tired
Since last summer
5 or 6 hours a night
Healthy diet
Dont smoke or drink
I jog and play tennis
Presentation tip:
Sueles hablar demasiado bajo?
Loud and clear! Antes de la presentacin sintate en la ltima fila de la sala y pdele a un/a colega que hable a un volumen normal
desde el lugar donde vas a presentar. Eso te dar una idea de cmo debes proyectar tu voz el da de la presentacin.

Public Speaking Work place
Aqu vemos cmo Fiona habla de su trabajo y sus responsabilidades:
Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. On behalf of the

management here Id like to welcome you all to Jackson &
Prince Ltd. My names Fiona Campbell and Im the Human
Resources Manager.
Para ir ms all: Now, before I show you all around the building and answer any La expresin first and
questions you may have Id like to give you a brief presentation foremost significa
sta es una frase formal explaining my role and main duties within this company. lo primero y ms
que significa En nombre de First and foremost, as you can imagine as head of Human importante.
la direccin, me gustara Resources, Im in charge of organising the companys hiring and
darles la bienvenida. recruitment process.
But thats not all I have to do; Im also responsible for all the
training programmes that are constantly taking place within the Expresiones tiles
company, so if you have any ideas for new and exciting training para hablar de las
courses, then come and see me in my office. Youll find my door responsabilidades que
is always open to interesting new ideas. uno tiene en el trabajo
Other duties of mine are analysing the development and son: Im in charge
performance of all the members of staff and making sure that of..., Im responsible
there is an open and hopefully happy channel of communication for..., my duties
between the workers and the management. involve....
Thank you very much for your attention. Do you have any
questions before we begin the tour?
Ahora te toca a ti!

Ahora te toca hablar de las responsabilidades que has tenido o que tendras en un trabajo que te gustara desarrollar.
Despus, haz una presentacin de los personajes que aparecen en los bocadillos con la informacin que les acompaa.
Richard
CEO & President of
multinational Carmela
Choose managers Managing Director Carla
Communicate company Identifying strategy Single mother
vision Organising business Getting children up
Represent the company activities Taking them to school
Work with top Developing company
Feeding them
management values
Cleaning the house
Chair meetings Recruiting senior managers
Paying the bills
Reporting to shareholders
Para recordar el vocabulario sobre el mbito del
mundo laboral, acude a las Pginas 78 y 79.
Henning
Shop Manager CEO y Managing Cretinho
Managing staff Director son Professional footballer
Handling budgets trminos que Daily training
Plan advertising se utilizan en Representing club
Stock management EE.UU y R.U., Role model
Shop maintenance respectivamente, Playing well
para el mismo puesto: Scoring goals
director/a general. CEO
significa Chief Operating Officer.
Presentation tip:
De qu hablar?
Haz todo lo posible para que el pblico recuerde tres aspectos claves de tu presentacin (t decides cules!). Si logras esto habrs
tenido xito.

ROLE PLAY Calendar
A continuacin vemos cmo Jerry llama a Mick para intentar quedar con l.
Jerry: Hi, is that you, Mick?

Mick: Yeah, its me, Jerry. How are you going?!
Jerry: Im good, and yourself? Are you busy next week?
Mick: Im not too sure, let me check my agenda and see. Agenda y planner son sinnimos.
Tambin en el R.U. se dice diary, aunque
Jerry: I didnt think you were the type of man who uses a
realmente un diary se usa ms para escribir
planner.
los pensamientos de uno o lo que ha ido
Mick: Theres a lot you dont know about me, Jerry old girl! sucediendo da a da.
Jerry: Do you have any plans on Wednesday?
Mick: Wednesdays not good, Im afraid; Im in meetings all
day.
Jerry: Busy man, I see... What about Tuesday, then? En esta conversacin algo informal vemos
Mick: On Tuesday I have some important appointments. bastantes preguntas que usamos cuando
intentamos quedar con alguien. What day
Jerry: Well, what day suits you, then? suits you? es Qu da te viene bien?.
Mick: Does Monday work for you?
Jerry: I cant make Monday; Im away on business.
Mick: So itll have to be Thursday... Can you make
Thursday? Vemos uno de los muchos usos de make en
Jerry: Thursday it is, then! Phew! That was difficult. esta conversacin. El sentido aqu es el lunes
Mick: Look forward to seeing you. no puedo y el jueves te viene bien?.
Jerry: Make sure you write down a reminder or set an alarm in
that planner of yours, I know how forgetful you can be!
Ahora te toca a ti!

Ahora, tu profesor/a te va a pedir a ti y a un/a compaero/a de clase que representis un dilogo. Uno har las
A Im busy next week

B No plans this weekend
Away on business Saturday is better
Return in two weeks Prefer the evening
Call me when I get back Saturday lunch with family
Mobile or email About 9 pm
Para recordar el vocabulario sobre planes y
gfjohnson@shemail.com In front of the town hall

calendario, acude a las Pginas 80 y 81.
C
Boss is busy
In an important meeting
Cant be interrupted
A message
Hell be free after lunch
Yes, Ill be sure to tell him
Presentation tip:
Cmo hacer con que el dilogo sea interesante?
La entonacin juega un papel muy importante cuando representamos un dilogo. Imagnate por un momento que ests actuando en
un teatro delante de miles de personas y djate llevar!

Public Speaking Home
Aqu vemos cmo Amelia habla de la casa de sus sueos:
Para ir ms all: Good afternoon, everyone. My names Amelia and Im here today En esta presentacin
Si empiezas a salirte del to talk to you about my dream house. hay que utilizar mucho
guin, est bien tener una First of all, Id like to begin by saying that in these difficult el condicional would
frase para retomar el hilo. economic times the dream for most of us young people is actually para hablar de lo que
Tambin se podra decir being able to afford our own house in the first place. Thats a haRAS o lo que
Im going off on a tangent dream in itself. te gustara. Es un
(Estoy salindome por la But, anyway, Im getting off the point! Im supposed to be here tiempo verbal muy fcil,
tangente) to talk about my dream house, not to give you all a speech on the ya que es igual en su
hard, social economic realities of our times! estructura que el futuro
So here goes! I wouldnt want to live in an enormous isolated mansion in the country. con will.
A big house in the city centre would be fine for me. It would have five bedrooms; one for each
of my children and one or two for relatives and friends when they come to stay.
I would like to have a room that served as my own personal sanctuary and escape from the Cuando quieras decir
stresses of city life. It would be a big, comfortable study where I could go and read, listen to frases como todo el
music as loudly as I wanted and play my guitar; it would be a relaxing special room. da, toda la maana,
I would like to have some areas for entertaining guests. This means that I would have a big etc., no digas all
kitchen where we could cook and eat, and a big living room where we could have get-togethers the day o all the
and parties. morning. Puedes decir
It would be good to have a big games area for the children where they could play all day long. o bien all morning,
I would like to have a gym where I could work out every day. I would need an indoor and an all day (long) o the
outdoor swimming pool and a huge garden where I could go for relaxing walks. whole morning o the
Actually, its beginning to sound like I would need a massive mansion after all! whole day.
Ahora te toca a ti!

Ahora haz lo mismo que Amelia y cuntales a tus compaeros/as cmo sera la casa de tus sueos.
Despus, estars listo/a para hablar de los personajes que aparecen en los bocadillos y presentar la informacin que les
acompaa.
Armando
Big stone country house Patricia
Tuscan valleys Mar Bohemian apartment
Acres of vineyards Loft on the Castellana Paris city centre
Peaceful with lots of Mountain views Heart of city with views over the
animals Open spaces Seine
Horses and motorbikes Enormous windows Big kitchen to cook
Staff to cook and clean Very luminous Books and bookcases
Huge terrace for everywhere
dinners and parties Rooms for parties and
Para recordar el vocabulario sobre el hogar,
musicians
Dick
Mansion in Mallorca Pedro
High and remote in the hills Farmhouse in Galicia
Famous neighbours In the mountains

Close to beach No te Rustic, but modern
Guitar shaped swimming preocupes por el Near rivers and sea
pool vocabulario nuevo Self sufficient life
Bowling alley & home que aparece aqu! Full of animals and
cinema Lo trabajars con tus children
compaeros/as.
Presentation tip:
Cmo finalizo mi presentacin?
Debes recapitular lo presentado despus del turno de preguntas. T has de tener la ltima palabra! ste es un buen momento para
dar al pblico tu informacin de contacto si quieres mantener el canal abierto.

ROLE PLAY Hotels
A continuacin vemos cmo Emily se registra en un hotel:
Emily: Hello, I have a reservation for a room.

Receptionist: What name is the reservation under?
Emily: Emily Carter.
Receptionist: Could you give me your passport, please? Cuando se entrega algo a alguien se puede
Emily: Dont you have one yourself?! utilizar una de estas cuatro frases: Here you
Receptionist: Those are the norms. are, here you go, there you are, there
Emily: I know, it was only a joke. Here you are. you go. Pero nunca take o here you have
Receptionist: How many nights will you be staying? it!
Emily: For two nights.
Receptionist: And is it a double room with twin beds?
Emily: No, I reserved an individual room.
Receptionist: Its OK, it doesnt matter; theyre the same price.
Emily: Ok, and does my room have a view?
Receptionist: It does... if you like cars.
Emily: Oh, I see. I have a room with a window over the
car park.
Do you have any other rooms available?
Receptionist: No, Im afraid were fully booked. Will you be Una manera muy educada de preguntar a
having breakfast? alguien por sus planes es el uso del futuro
Emily: Is it included? continuo. Will be + verbo + -ing. Lo
Receptionist: No, its not. Its an extra ten pounds. vemos dos veces en este dilogo.
Emily: In that case, no thanks. Can someone help me
with my suitcases?
Receptionist: Ill call the bellboy. Heres the card to your room.
Enjoy your stay.
Ahora te toca a ti!

A Yes, its the Hotel Grand

There are rooms free
120 Euros B You can change rooms
Rooms are cleaned every day
Triple rooms cost the same
On the 4th and 6th floor
Credit card reservation
Smoking only on the 7th floor
Cancellations 24 hours in
Para recordar el vocabulario sobre hoteles,
Same price
advance
Bellboy will take your luggage
C
Need 32 rooms
Double rooms twin beds

2 nights
16th to 18th of December
Too expensive. Group discount
Conference rooms with full
office facilities
Presentation tip:
Lenguaje corporal
No distraigas a tu pblico con movimientos innecesarios. Reljate y mrales a los ojos. No escondas las manos si quieres que confen
en ti. Muvete lo justo para que puedan verte desde cualquier rincn de la sala y para que el pblico sienta que quieres aproximarte a
ellos.

Public Speaking Tourism
Aqu vemos cmo Quentin da una presentacin sobre los sitios de inters turstico en el pueblo de Hamchester:
Para ir ms all: Good morning, everyone. Welcome to the beautiful town of Let me + verbo
Hamchester here in the heart of the English countryside. My bsico es una forma
Una frase buena para ir al names Quentin and Im your rep here at Turbo Tourists. Now, as
grano en este momento sera educada de ofrecerse
you know, the idea of Turbo Tourists is for people like yourselves a hacer algo por
Without further ado who dont have time to see a town or a city in a week and want to
que significa sin ms alguien: Let me
try and see everything a place has to offer in a day or two. recommend, let
prembulos. So, let me suggest for you your ideal itinerary for today in me help you, let
Hamchester: me suggest, etc.
Start off with a quick walk around the towns medieval centre and admire the ancient buildings, significa permtame....
such as the Town Hall, the cathedral and the 17th century aristocratic town palaces. On your
walk you could stop off at the old glassblowers factory and see the craftsmen making glass in
a process that has been unchanged for hundreds of years.
By then youll probably be getting hungry, so why not take a walk down the river and have a Stop off es un verbo
traditional pub lunch in one of the beautiful riverside pubs? If the weather is nice, youll be able compuesto til para
to sit outside and watch all the activity on the river. describir rutas. Significa
After lunch you can hire a little sailing boat and float lazily back into town as the river flows right parar en o pasar por.
through the town centre. Your relaxed cruise ends at the local waxworks museum, which is
home to more than seven figures of famous people who have come from Hamchester.
Next to the waxworks museum are the beautiful Cranby Tea Rooms; stop and treat yourself to
a relaxing cup of tea and a cream cake. If youre feeling adventurous you might want to try a
game of croquet... Yes, Im sorry, if you dont mind, I can answer all of your questions at the
end of this short presentation... Now, where was I...?
Ahora te toca a ti!

Ahora haz lo mismo que Quentin y sugiere a tus compaeros/as una ruta turstica de un da en tu ciudad o pueblo.
Luego, estars listo/a para dar ms presentaciones hablando de las ciudades que ves en los bocadillos:
Alicante
Hong Kong
Breakfast in cathedral
square Visit markets in Mong Kok Rome
Walk to Playa del Postiguet Walk in traditional Chinese Vatican
Jet ski districts Walk by the Tiber River
Paella in Puerto Viejo Lunch in Kowloon Lunch in Piazza Navona
City view from Castillo de Boat trip around harbour Coliseum and Roman
Santa Brbara City view from Victoria Peak ruins
Casino Casinos in Macau Trevi Fountain
Romantic dinner
Len
Para recordar el vocabulario sobre turismo,
Bicycle tour Dar indicaciones en Santander

Visit gothic cathedral ingls es muy Playa de El Sardinero
Walk in medieval city fcil desde el Visit Magdalena Royal
centre punto de vista Palace

Traditional lunch gramatical. Seafood lunch
Museum of Empleamos la Visit Planetarium
Contemporary Art voz imperativa y Shopping in city centre
Evening tapas simplemente tienes que Evening walk by the sea
decir el verbo sin el sujeto:
Go, take...,
have lunch, etc.
Presentation tip:
Me escucharn?
Crea un clima relajado y proporciona al pblico toda la informacin relevante (objetivo, contenido, estructura, duracin). La
introduccin determinar el xito de tu presentacin.

ROLE PLAY Positive personality adjectives
A continuacin vemos cmo Angus rellena parte de un formulario de una pgina web de citas:
Formulario: What kind of relationship are you looking for?

Angus: Who knows really? In the short term Im looking for
some fun.
If we have a lot of fun, then maybe we can turn it
into something serious in the long term.
Formulario: Can you give us some words to describe yourself?
Angus: Fun, adventurous, affectionate, polite.
Formulario: What words would your friends use to describe you?
Angus: Kind, lazy, direct, fun.
Formulario: Can you describe your ideal date?
Angus: I like doing fun, different and sometimes crazy
Caring significa bondadoso/a,
things... so maybe we could do some extreme sports
afectuoso/a; es muy parecido a otra
activity or something, so at least, if the date and the
palabra que sale aqu: affectionate que se
conversation arent going well I can still have fun!
traducira ms bien como carioso/a.
Formulario: What qualities are you looking for in a partner?
Angus: Someone who is caring, fun, kind and smart... in
both senses! Si te llaman smart ests de enhorabuena
Formulario: Imagine youre a product on sale to the public. porque significa tanto listo/a como
What would your advertising or marketing slogan elegante! Si te llaman smart alec o
be? smarty-pants no es algo para celebrar, ya
Angus: Try me: the mind of an Englishman, the soul of a que significan listillo/a!
Scotsman and the legs of a chicken.
Ahora te toca a ti!

A 45 year-old divorced woman

B 68 year-old widower
Friendship Companion
Walking, reading, dancing Bitter, bad tempered, false
Shy, serious, sincere Cheerful, sociable, kind, bright
positivos de la personalidad de alguien, acude a
Para recordar el vocabulario sobre los aspectos
People who lie Seaside walks at sunset

Trip to the moon Jimi Hendrix, Bertn Osborne
C
25 year-old single girl
Cute, fun, flirtatious
Twitter, Facebook
las Pginas 88 y 89.
Clubbing, fashion, manga

Good-looking, well-built, fit
Ibiza, Marbella, Los Angeles
Presentation tip:
Cmo hacer que el dilogo sea interesante?
Practica delante de un espejo, grbate en vdeo, rene a tus amigos y familiares (pdeles que sean todo lo crticos que puedan). Y en
el caso de que tu tiempo sea limitado, no dejes de cronometrarte!

Public Speaking Negative personality adjectives
Aqu vemos cmo Paul habla sobre el poder de los pensamientos positivos y negativos:
Para ir ms all: Good morning, everybody, and thank you so much for coming.
My name is Paul McRobbins and Im one of the UKs leading
Solemos enlazar las Cuando quieras
self-help experts. Im here today to give you a presentation on the
secciones con frases tipo: expresar en ingls
power of positive thinking to help you to achieve all your dreams,
Moving on to the next conseguir o lograr
goals and ambitions.
section, Now lets move algo de valor usa el
Well be looking at many things during the course today but,
on to the next section o verbo to achieve.
strange as it may seem, I want to begin by looking at the power of
simplemente moving on. negative thinking.
Sometimes when we are feeling sad, confused, angry, frustrated
or misunderstood, we can allow these negative feelings to overpower our thoughts.
They cloud our judgement and vision. They can affect our friendships, our relationships with
loved ones and often our performance at work. When you have these feelings, the first
important step is to recognise that you are having them.
Once you have had this moment of recognition and clarity, the next vital step is to take control of
the situation. And how can we achieve that? We take control by taking control of our thoughts. Es fcil recordar estas
Your mind is your town and you are the sheriff of that town. Arrest those negative criminal dos palabras juntas,
thoughts and kick them out of town! Your mind is a film and you are the director of that film. ya que son antnimas
If you dont like the negative actors who are ruining your film, then fire them and hire the best y riman! To hire
positive actors who will make you a blockbusting feel good movie! significa contratar y
Ladies and gentlemen, we cannot use the power of positive thought until we have first learnt to fire es echar a
how to eliminate the power of negative thought. Thank you for your attention. Any questions alguien a la calle.
before the next section?
Ahora te toca a ti!

Cuntanos la historia de alguien que ha tenido un problema en su vida y ha sabido superarlo. Podra ser un amigo, un
familiar, una persona famosa o simplemente podras inventar alguna historia!
Luego, estars listo/a para contarnos los problemas de las personas presentadas en los bocadillos, cmo les afectaba y qu
hicieron para superarlo:
George Megan
Alcoholic Too ambitious, greedy,
insensitive
Mabel
Too busy at work Inability to say no
Divorce Bad loser, inability to
accept defeat Accepted too many projects
Recognition of problem
Humiliating defeat, lost job Unable to meet obligations
Family support
Re-examined life Disappointed employers
New partner, calmer life
Learned lesson of humility and friends
Helps others now with Assertiveness course
their careers
Para recordar el vocabulario sobre los aspectos
More organised and

negativos de la personalidad de alguien, acude
happier life
Gema
Russell Recuerda que cuando Too lazy to learn English
Womaniser contamos una Bad job, hates travelling
Insecure, childish, arrogant historia en abroad
Lost only woman he loved ingls decimos
a las Pginas 90 y 91.
Fell in love with Canadian man

No real friends then o Listened to 30 mins of English
Found spirituality after that daily
Inner happiness achieved para contar lo que Studied 20 mins daily
pas despus de otro Job, marriage and family
momento de la historia; no in Canada!!
decimos after.
Presentation tip:
Me escucharn?
No tengas miedo a ser creativo/a e imaginativo/a con presentaciones de este estilo. Cunta ms imaginacin le eches, ms interesado
estar tu pblico!

ROLE PLAY Parties
A continuacin vemos cmo Tara invita a Kenny a su fiesta:
Tara: Are you alright, Kenny old boy?! How are you going? How are you going? es una manera
Kenny: Not too bad, not too bad. Yourself? informal de decir Cmo ests?. Existen
muchas otras: How are you doing?, How
Tara: Good, good. Listen, I was wondering what you were
doing on Saturday night. are things?, Whats up?, Whats new?,
etc.
Kenny: As far as I know, nothing. Why?
Tara: Well, we were thinking about having a party.
Kenny: Brilliant, you know me, Im always up for anything. What Esta expresin informal to be up for
are we celebrating? anything significa apuntarse a un
bombardeo.
Tara: Its my flatmates birthday. Do you remember Sally?
Kenny: How could I not remember Sally?
Tara: Oh, thats right. I forgot about you two on New Years
Eve.
Kenny: Do you want me to bring anything to the party? Drinks?
Snacks?
Tara: No, thats alright. Theyre all taken care of. What I would
like you to do is to bring your laptop with you. Do you Do you fancy + verbo + -ing es una
fancy deejaying for a couple of hours? manera informal y britnica de decir te
Kenny: Id love to. As long as nobody interferes with my choice apetece?.
of music.
Tara: Youre free to play whatever you want... just make sure
its good!
Kenny: What time shall I get there?
Se puede aadir el sufijo ish a casi
Tara: Around 10 ish.
cualquier palabra para expresar la idea de
Kenny: Ok, perfect. See you then! aproximadamente.
Ahora te toca a ti!

A Friday at 9 pm
B Fancy dress party
Get together with old university Cowboys and Indians
friends In a friends bar
Para recordar el vocabulario sobre fiestas, acude
Neighbours usually complain Saturday at 8 pm

Bring some beer As many as you want
Around midnight They wont be able to get in!
Go to bars in town
C
Thanks, Ill be 27
Yes, Im having a party
a las Pginas 92 y 93.
Friday
10 pm
Only one or two friends
Beer, wine, whiskey, rum
Presentation tip:
Mapa mental
Prepara un diagrama de tu presentacin en una sola hoja de modo que puedas tener una visin global de todo lo que quieras decir.
As nunca podrs perderte!

Public Speaking Ordinal numbers
Aqu vemos cmo Puri habla de los acontecimientos que le esperan en los prximos meses:
Para ir ms all:
Good afternoon, everyone. My name is Mara Purificacin, but
Otro comienzo posible sera most people normally call me Puri. Today I want to talk to you Pronuncia bien la t
To begin with, Id like to about all the important dates and events that are coming up for final de date, sino
introduce myself (y aadir me in the next twelve months. la gente pensar que
un poco ms de informacin Well, this year is going to be quite a special year for birthdays ests diciendo da en
acerca de uno mismo). for me because not only do I celebrate my twenty-fifth birthday vez de fecha.
on the 1st of April, but my eldest brother celebrates his fortieth
birthday on the 30th of March, and my father, his sixty-fifth on the
27th of April. As all of our birthdays are quite close, were going to
have a massive party to celebrate.
Its also a special year for my town, as it celebrates its two- Hay dos maneras de
decir mayor o el/
hundredth anniversary of the battle of Lampop. The famous
la ms mayor al
victory of this battle was the start of our fight for independence.
hablar de hermanos e
Those are the most important events that I can think of. hijos. Se puede decir
I suppose there will be many baptisms, communions and older o the oldest,
weddings that Ill have to go to in the spring and in the summer... respectivamente, y
Oh, speaking of baptisms... I almost forgot that some time around tambin elder o the
the 12th of June well all be celebrating the arrival of a new eldest. Estas ltimas
member in the family. My sister is going to give birth to her third suenan ms cultas.
child and I will be an aunt for the sixth time!
Ahora te toca a ti!

Ahora haz lo mismo que Puri y cuntales a tus compaeros/as algunos de los acontecimientos ms importantes para ti en
los prximos doce meses: cumpleaos, aniversarios, bodas, etc.
Luego, estars listo/a para hablar de los personajes que aparecen en los bocadillos y presentar la informacin que les
acompaa. Dinos la fecha tambin de cada evento!
Ellen
Hen party Rafa

Wedding to Jos
Honeymoon
Football Year Graduation ceremony
22nd birthday
Start of the league
27th birthday El clsico 2nd anniversary with
Parents 40th wedding Iniestas birthday girlfriend
anniversary Final of Copa del Rey Best friends birthday
Halloween Champions league final Holiday in California
Para recordar el vocabulario sobre los nmeros
European championships National swimming

championships
ordinales, acude a las Pginas 94 y 95.
Cristina
Babys first birthday
Que no se te Gerry
5th wedding anniversary New Years Eve
olviden las
Fathers retirement party 40th birthday
preposiciones
Husbands birthday St. Patricks Day
que hay que
Permanent contract Two years without alcohol
utilizar al hablar
hopefully! Divorce becomes official
de fechas: on
Best friends wedding First day of freedom
para das y fechas e
in para meses y aos!
Presentation tip:
Qu hago para que me oigan?
Habla alto y claro!

ROLE PLAY Buildings
A continuacin vemos cmo un agente inmobiliario ensea un piso a Miriam:
Estate agent: As you can see, the entrance to the main building
has this spectacular 3-metre high, 19th century If youd like to... es una manera muy
oak door. Ok, if youd like to follow me this way... educada de decir a alguien que haga algo;
well take the lift to the 17th floor. en este caso, el agente le dice que le siga:
Miriam: Are all these flats rented or are they privately if youd like to follow me....
owned?
Estate agent: A mix, really, but most of the flats for rent are
privately owned by the same Swedish couple.
Miriam: And how much did you say the rent was per month? Existen diferentes maneras en ingls de decir
Estate agent: This particular one is 1,300 a month. cada semana o al mes cuando hablamos
Miriam: And is that negotiable at all? de frecuencias. Se puede decir each,
Estate agent: No. Ok, if youd like to follow me down the hall per o, simplemente, a: The rent is 250
and into the living room, you can see the beautiful Euros each month, I earn 1500 euros
wood floor, high ceilings and from the balcony per month, I see my grandparents once a
there you can see the mountains... on a good day year. La ms comn de estas tres opciones
that is, of course! es la palabra a.
Miriam: How many bedrooms and bathrooms does this
place have?
Estate agent: Two and two; there are en suite bathrooms in both
bedrooms.
Miriam: And does this furniture come with the flat? Is it
furnished?
Estate agent: No, Im afraid its an unfurnished flat. This Tenant? Una nueva palabra? Significa
furniture belongs to the current tenant. So, would inquilino/a. Aprndela con su antnimo
the flat be for you and a partner or a family?
landlord/landlady, que significa
Miriam: Good Lord, no! Its for me and two student friends
of mine. propietario/a o casero/a.
Estate agent: Oh. Students, you say. Well, Im terribly sorry
to have to inform you that Im under strict
instructions from the owners not to rent this flat
out to any students. A very good day to you.
Miriam: Oh, right... Well, ok then...
Ahora te toca a ti!

A B One student
Recently married couple Studio or one bedroom
Para recordar el vocabulario sobre los edificios,
Two or three bedrooms apartment

2nd floor or higher Basement is OK
Less than 1000 Euros As cheap as possible
Minimum of one year From September to May
Immediately Only one month deposit
C
Bedroom in shared accomodation

Two other rooms
All girls
No smoking
3500 Euros a month
No bikes and no musical instruments
Presentation tip:
Structure it!
Structure is good! Cuanto ms definida sea la estructura de tu presentacin, ms fcil le resultar al pblico seguir tus pasos. S fiel
a tu plan y conseguirs que no se pierdan.

Public Speaking Materials
Aqu vemos cmo Norman habla sobre la piel, es decir, el cuero:
Esta frase es buena
Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. My name is Norman and today Im going to give a
para practicar la
presentation on one of the worlds oldest and most used materials: leather. pronunciacin. Mira
Leather is a material that we get from the skin of animals. We could divide these types of animals todas esas consonantes
into three different groups. Firstly, there are the most common animals that we use to make juntas!, sobre todo en
leather: cows, which are the most common ones, then pigs and goats. There are more expensive la palabra worlds.
types of leather, which come from animals such as lamb, deer, kangaroos and ostriches. Finally, Puedes pronunciarla
there are the more exotic types of leather that come from some animals that are in danger bien?
of extinction. The trade in leather from some of these animals is strictly prohibited: alligators,
crocodiles, snakes, elephants and rhinoceroses. Hay muchas formas
The use of leather goes back to our very earliest ancestors, who would wrap themselves up in the de decir piel en
skins of the dead animals to protect themselves from the elements. ingls. En el texto
Since those primitive times, when the skins would soon rot in the wet weather, the production vemos leather,
of leather has become a very sophisticated business. The process of making leather from the que es el producto
original skin is called tanning. final que se consigue
Leather is a very light, durable and flexible material, which is very resistant to abrasion and wind. de los animales. Sin
This is why it is used to make shoes, bags, coats and footballs and is the material of choice for embargo, la piel
humana es skin; la
cowboys, motorcyclists... and, for some reason, heavy metal groups!
de vaca o elefante
It is not, however, environmentally friendly: it has a big impact on the animal world, it uses a lot of
se dice hide; la de
chemicals in the tanning process, it causes air pollution in this chemical transformation process un animal con pelo
and it biodegrades slowly. A normal piece of leather takes 25 to 40 years to decompose. es fur y si hablamos
Thank you for listening. Do you have any questions? de la piel de naranja,
limn o manzana
usamos peel!
Ahora te toca a ti!
Ahora haz lo mismo que Norman y haz una presentacin sobre un material. O tal vez te gustara hablar sobre de qu
materiales est hecho algn edificio o algn traje famoso de la historia. T decides, pero que sea interesante! Aqu tienes
algunas ideas para ayudar:
Silk Wool
Silkworms & caterpillar
Sheep, lambs
Aluminium
cocoons Most common natural
Shearing
China, India, Vietnam metal
Australia and New Zealand
Strong & light Only iron and steel more
Insulates from cold and
Many colours
wind common in industry
Luxury goods
Absorbent Light and flexible
Para recordar el vocabulario sobre tejidos y otros
Suits and ties

Damaged by moths Good electrical conductor
Buildings, aircraft, cars
materiales, acude a las Pginas 98 y 99.
Easy to recycle
Cotton No te preocupes por

Cotton plant el vocabulario Silver
3000 bC in Egypt, China, nuevo que Precious metal
India aparece aqu! Hard
Southern USA Lo trabajars en Malleable
Slavery clase. Ornaments and decorations
Cool and easy to clean Jewellery
Shirts, socks, sheets Money and coins
Presentation tip:
Cmo controlar el tiempo de mi presentacin?
Cete al tiempo establecido. Practica siempre con un cronmetro y pide a alguien que te indique el tiempo restante durante la
presentacin usando tarjetas (10 min., 5 min., 3 min., 1 min., segn la duracin de la presentacin).

ROLE PLAY Clothes
A continuacin vemos cmo Shaun va de compras en busca de un traje:
Assistant: Hello there. Can I help you?

Shaun: Yes, you can; Im looking for a suit. Although I guess
you knew that... this being a suit shop and all!
Assistant: Indeed it is, sir. Did you have anything particular in Fjate en cmo en ingls tenemos la misma
mind? expresin que la castellana tener algo en
Shaun: Well, its for a wedding. mente: to have something in mind.
Assistant: Are you the gr---
Shaun: ---No, no, its not me. Im just one of the guests.
Assistant: Ok, are you looking for a classic or a modern cut?
Shaun: Well, lets say something classically modern... or a
modern classic.
Assistant: I see... and what colour were you thinking of?
Shaun: Well, not white or green... or pink. Blue or black,
maybe brown... or grey, perhaps.
Assistant: And may I ask what kind of price youre thinking of Cuando quieras preguntar algo de manera
paying? sper educada est bien recordar esta
Shaun: Ideally, around 250 Euros, but if its a fantastic suit frmula May I ask?.
I could pay up to 500 Euros.
Assistant: Ok, thats good. That leaves us with lots of options.
Come this way, sir.
Ahora te toca a ti!

A Yes, you can

B Theyre behind you on the left
A present for my husband / A maximum of three items
wife The one at the end is free
Classic, sexy That skirt looks fantastic
About the same size as you No, thats the only colour
mundo de la moda, acude a las Pginas 100 y 101.
Red Ill go and look for a smaller

Para recordar el vocabulario sobre la ropa y el
Credit card size for you
C
Yes, I want to return this
Heres the receipt
It was a gift
Its too small
Theres nothing in the shop I
like
Thats ridiculous. Give me the
complaints book.
Presentation tip:
Controla los nervios
Evita los productos con cafena antes de tu presentacin. Seguro que ya tendrs adrenalina de sobra cuando llegue el momento de la
verdad! Tener un bolgrafo en la mano te ayudar a disimular gestos de nerviosismo, pero no hagas ruido con l (clic, clic, clic).

Public Speaking Stage & Screen
Aqu vemos cmo Mariella habla de una de sus series de televisin preferidas:
Ten cuidado con la
Good morning, everybody. My name is Mariella and I want to talk to you about one of my
pronunciacin de
favourite television series of the last decade. series. Se dice /sris/.
I would like to begin by saying that I dont normally watch television, apart from the news,
some documentaries and, very occasionally, a film. I only watch TV series if they are highly
recommended by a friend or are widely and critically acclaimed.
This was the case with the program that I want to talk about today: The wire. In Spanish the
translation would be La escucha, but almost everyone refers to it by its English name.
Cuando hablamos de
The most basic description of The wire is to say that its a program that portrays the eternal
pelculas y novelas,
struggle between police and drug dealers in the American city of Baltimore; but that would be
to portray y to
like describing El Quijote as a story about two hungry guys who travel around Castilla. Its a deal with son verbos
brutally realistic series that deals with crime, politics, journalism and social problems. There muy tiles; significan
are no good or bad guys in the traditional sense. The police can be worse and more morally retratar y tratar de,
corrupt than the supposed bad guys that they are chasing. The show has a vast number of respectivamente.
characters covering all social spheres; from desperate drug addicts to the politicians who run
the city. All of them are complex individuals who have their own series of problems to deal with.
The acting is first class.
Its a great work of social realism and is incredibly ambitious in the fact that it tries to cover Series es incontable,
so many issues with so many characters and in such depth. Its a sincere, angry and highly por lo que nunca
intelligent piece of social commentary, which presents no easy solutions to the problems it cambia. Decimos, por
focuses on. ejemplo: Its a good
If youre thinking of watching a TV series then make sure that this is the one you watch! series.
Ahora te toca a ti!

Ahora haz lo mismo que Mariella y da a tus compaeros/as una crtica de algo que has visto o ledo ltimamente. Utiliza los
bocadillos abajo para guiarte:
Book Film
Title and author
Genre: fiction or non-
Name and genre Concert
Actors and director Band
fiction
Plot
Summary of story Venue
Films objective
Characters Sound quality
Acting performances
Authors aims Bands performance
Film successful in its aims?
Your opinion Public reaction
Para recordar el vocabulario sobre el mundo del
cine y el teatro, acude a las Pginas 102 y 103.
Your opinion
Play No te preocupes por

Title and author
el vocabulario Album
Characters Name of band and album
nuevo que
Story Style of music
aparece aqu!
Stage production Previous work
Lo trabajars
Quality of the Recommended songs
en clase con tus
performances Sensations transmitted
compaeros/as.
Personal opinion Successful or not?
Presentation tip:
Cmo lidiar con las preguntas?
S respetuoso/a con tu pblico respondiendo con franqueza a sus preguntas. Si no tienes una buena respuesta en ese momento,
proporciona una alternativa (p. ej.: contactar esa persona despus de investigar el asunto o relacionar esa pregunta con otro aspecto
de tu presentacin).

ROLE PLAY Health
A continuacin vemos cmo Nacho pregunta a Dominic por un accidente que ha tenido:
Nacho: Crikey! What the hell happened to you? Crikey! se dice en el Reino Unido. Es un
Dominic: Oh, you know, I broke my leg and almost got killed. eufemismo de la blasfemia Christ! que
Nacho: How did that happen? tambin es muy comn como un improperio.
Dominic: I was crossing the road at a set of traffic lights and a
car hit me.
Nacho: So the car ran you over?
Dominic: It didnt run me over really because I jumped out of
the way to avoid it, but the car hit this leg as I was
falling to the ground.
Nacho: Wow, that sounds serious. I guess you were lucky that
nothing worse happened.
Dominic: I was crossing the road because the lights had turned
red for the cars, so naturally enough I thought it
would be safe enough to cross.
The problem was that instead of slowing down to
stop, this car decided to start going faster to try to
beat the red light.
Nacho: Thats typical! Whenever I cross the roads here I
always pay more attention to the cars than the colour
of the lights. A lot of drivers think a red light is only
a suggestion that they should stop. There are always
one or two cars that will pass through after the lights
have changed. Did the driver who hit you stop?
Dominic: Nah. Para decir una escayola puedes elegir tanto
Nacho: What a bas... and what did the doctors tell you? entre a cast o a plastercast.
Dominic: Well, apart from the fact that Im lucky to be alive,
that my leg will be in a cast for at least six months. I
broke it in three places.
Nacho: Will you be able to use your leg normally in the Cmo se dice poder en el futuro en ingls?
future? Nunca diras will can, verdad? Esperamos
Dominic: Ill be able to walk, but I think I can forget about a que no! Se usa el verbo to be able en el
career in the ballet or in a professional football team! futuro, tal como vemos aqu.
Ahora te toca a ti!

A An appointment for the doctor B I have a bad cough

Dr. Garca Moreno
For two weeks
Orthopaedic department
No, I havent seen a doctor
Friday morning if possible
Para recordar el vocabulario sobre la salud,
No allergies
Ok, next Monday then
Ten days
Enrique Smith
No alcohol
X378957218C
C
I feel awful
My whole body aches
It began yesterday
I cant, I have to work
Ill phone the doctor tomorrow
Maybe Ill stay at home
Presentation tip:
Qu hago para no perderme?
Ten todos los datos a mano para no olvidar lo que tienes que decir!

Public Speaking Cooking
Aqu vemos cmo Jason da la receta de uno de sus platos preferidos:
Para ir ms all:
Hello, everyone. My name is Jason and this morning Im going to
Otra estructura ms formal tell you how to cook one of my favourite dishes. Its a very simple
sera For those of you who tasty dish and, best of all, its incredibly healthy! Its cream of
dont know me, my names pumpkin soup. Esperamos que
Jason (Para aquellos que no Youll need the following ingredients if you want to make this sepas lo que es un
me conocen, mi nombre es dish for four people: 1 kg of pumpkin, 2 onions, 2 carrots, 2 new pumpkin! Si no,
Jason). potatoes, 1 leek, 1 clove of garlic, half a green pepper and 1 glass te diremos que es
of chopped natural tomato. el vegetal que se ve
mucho en Halloween
Chop the onions, leek, garlic and carrots and fry them in a big saucepan on a low heat.
con velas dentro. Y un
Peel the potatoes and the pumpkin and cut them into small pieces.
leek? Es un puerro.
When the vegetables in the saucepan begin to turn a golden-brown colour its time to
add the potatoes and pumpkin to the mix and fry everything together for two or three
minutes. Add water to the saucepan enough so that it covers all the vegetables at the
Nota cmo al explicar
top by two or three centimetres. Add the glass of chopped tomatoes and salt and pepper
recetas lo hacemos
to taste.
con la voz imperativa
Cook on a low heat for about an hour or until the pumpkin and the potatoes are soft. en ingls. Simplemente
Place in a blender and mix until you have a creamy texture. Its now ready to be served. hay que decir el verbo
Serve in bowls topped with black pepper and chopped parsley. Mmmm! sin el sujeto. Qu fcil!
Does anyone have any questions or are you all too hungry to think?!
Ahora te toca a ti!

Ahora haz lo mismo que Jason y cuntales a tus compaeros/as una buena receta tuya!
A continuacin, indicamos los ingredientes de algunas recetas para que demuestres tu habilidad en la cocina. Qu platos
eres capaz de cocinar con estos ingredientes?
Dish 1 Dish 2
Eggs
Rice Dish 3
Potatoes
Green and red pepper Tomatoes
Onions
Tomatoes Green pepper
Green pepper
Onion Courgette
Olive Oil
Seafood Garlic
Salt
Chicken Onion
Olive oil
Para recordar el vocabulario sobre cocina,
Dish 4 No te preocupes por

Dish 5
Pasta el vocabulario
Tuna nuevo que Cod (bacalao)
Tomatoes aparece aqu! Tomatoes
Onion Lo trabajars Potatoes
Garlic en clase con tus Onion
Olive oil compaeros/as. Garlic
Olive oil
Presentation tip:
Me harn caso?
Capta la atencin de tu pblico desde el primer momento. Prueba a contar una ancdota que sirva como una metfora a la que
vincular el contenido especial de tu presentacin. Y no olvides derrochar entusiasmo y sonrer!

ROLE PLAY Restaurants
A continuacin vemos cmo Grant pide consejos a Arantxa sobre restaurantes:
Grant: Hey, Arantxa, you know a lot about restaurants. Can you
recommend a good place for me to eat tomorrow night?
Arantxa: Sure! What type of restaurant are you looking for?
Grant: Im not sure really.
Arantxa: Well, are you celebrating something? Whats the
occasion?
Grant: Im going to take this girl out for dinner.
Arantxa: Ahhh! I see; its a date. Is it anyone I know?
Grant: No, no. Its a first date, so I need to impress. I want to En la pronunciacin de first no hay ni una
go somewhere nice with good food, obviously, but thats pizca de esa i castellana. Se pronuncia
not too expensive. /ferst/.
Arantxa: Do you have any idea what type of food this girl likes?
Grant: Not a clue.
Arantxa: Well, what about an Italian? Ive never met anybody who
doesnt like Italian food.
Grant: Yeah, thats a good call. I was thinking of an Italian
myself. So do you have any ideas?
Arantxa: I know just the place. Its perfect for a first date. The
food is excellent and its not too expensive. El ambiente de un sitio es atmosphere.
Grant: And whats the atmosphere like? Existe la palabra ambience, pero suena algo
pretenciosa. Y recuerda bien esa estructura
Arantxa: Thats perfect too. The waiters are very friendly. Its very
pretty inside. Its quite intimate, but at the same time interrogativa: Whats like?. Cuando
its relaxed enough to make it look like youre not trying quieras una descripcin general de lo que
too hard! sea, esta pregunta te va a servir!
Grant: Great! Are there any dishes you can recommend to me?
Arantxa: They have authentic oven baked pizzas which are to die for.
Grant: Thanks Arantxa, youre a star! I owe you one!
Ahora te toca a ti!

A For lunch
B Yes, this is the Ritz
For six Were all booked for Friday
Saturday And Saturday too
2:30 pm Next Friday is fine
My friend recommended it All restaurants are non-
restaurantes, acude a las Pginas 108 y 109.
6790 25 64 69 smoking now

No set menus
Para recordar el vocabulario sobre los
C
I want to see the manager
The service was the problem
The waiter was slow, stupid
and rude
No, I want the complaints book
Well, Ill phone the police, then
I dont want a discount either
Presentation tip:
Controla los nervios?
Imagina que todos los que te estn viendo y escuchando estn desnudos. Te ayudar a relajarte o tal vez no!

APPENDIX
APpeNDIx
To be (present simple)
Qu es? El verbo ms importante del ingls. Significa ser y estar.
Sujeto + verbo (+ not)

+ I am Spanish
Soy espaol/a.
She is not English
Ella no es inglesa.
Verbo + sujeto
? Are they French?
Son franceses/as?

As es! Hay que invertir el orden del sujeto y el verbo to be para formular la interrogativa!
Y no te olvides de utilizar las contracciones en las oraciones afirmativas y negativas.
Present continuous
Cundo se utiliza? Cuando queremos describir lo que estamos haciendo en este momento.
Sujeto + verbo to be (+not) + v. -ing

+ I am reading
Estoy leyendo.
We are not studying
No estamos estudiando.
Verbo to be + sujeto + v. -ing
? Is he sleeping?
Est l durmiendo?
There is / There are

Cundo se utiliza? Para decir que hay algo.
There + verbo to be (+ not)

+ (sing.) There is a pen on the chair
Hay un boli en la silla.
+ (plur.) There are some books on the table
Hay unos libros en la mesa.
(sing.) There is not a pencil in the classroom
No hay un lpiz en el aula.
(plur.) There are not any people here
No hay gente aqu.
Verbo to be + there
? (sing.) Is there a blackboard in the classroom?
Hay pizarra en el aula?
? (plur.) Are there any windows?
Hay ventanas?
En las afirmativas en plural usamos some, mientras que en las negativas en plural e interrogativas en plural usamos any.

Subject & Object Pronouns
Subject Pronouns Object Pronouns
I me
you you
Singular
he him
she her
it it
we us
Plural you you
they them
En ingls, cuando usamos un pronombre personal detrs de una preposicin tenemos que emplear el object pronoun
(pronombre de complemento) en cuestin. Por ejemplo: Watch out! Theres a bee behind us! (Cuidado! Hay una abeja
detrs de nosotros!).
Present Simple
Cundo se utiliza? Es el tiempo verbal empleado para hablar de situaciones que son aplicables al presente,
especialmente cuando ocurren de manera habitual.
Sujeto + (auxiliar do + not) + verbo

+ I speak Spanish
Hablo espaol.
(3 persona) She speaks French
Ella habla francs.
They do not speak German
Ellos/as no hablan alemn.
(3 persona) He does not speak Portuguese
l no habla portugus.
Auxiliar do + sujeto + verbo
? Do you speak Chinese?
Hablas chino?
(3 persona) Does she speak Japanese?
Habla ella japons?
As es! Cuando utilizamos el auxiliar, la s de la tercera persona desaparece del verbo principal.

APpeNDIx
Future with going to
Cundo se utiliza? Para hablar de planes o cosas que creemos van a ocurrir con seguridad.
Sujeto + verbo to be (+ not) + going to + verbo

+ I am going to study
Voy a estudiar.
She is not going to eat
Ella no va a comer.
Verbo to be + sujeto + going to + verbo
? Are they going to sleep?
Van (ellos/ellas) a dormir?
Este futuro se emplea mucho ms que el futuro con will.
Future with will

Cundo se utiliza? Se usa como auxiliar del futuro simple para expresar una intencin (no un plan). Tambin se utiliza
cuando la accin futura depende de una condicin: I will go to the park if it doesnt rain.
Sujeto + will (+ not) + verbo bsico

+ I will buy a new car if...
Voy a comprar un nuevo coche si...
She wont buy a dress if...
Ella no va a comprar un vestido si...
Will + sujeto + verbo bsico
? Will they buy a new house?
Van (ellos/ellas) a comprar una nueva casa?
As es: le pasa lo mismo que a can, ni will ni el verbo se conjugan!

Adems, solemos utilizar las contracciones: ll (afirmativa) y wont (negativa).
Can
Qu significa? Significa saber slo en el sentido de tener la habilidad para hacer algo. Adems, lo utilizamos para
indicar la posibilidad de hacer algo. Tambin significa poder en el sentido de tener permiso. Can se suele usar con los
verbos de percepcin, como to see, to hear, etc.: I cant hear you; the music is very loud! (No te oigo; la msica
est muy alta!); She cant see it; her eyes are closed. (Ella no lo puede ver; sus ojos estn cerrados.), etc.
Sujeto + can (+ not) + verbo bsico

+ I can play the piano
S tocar el piano.
He cant speak Chinese
l no sabe hablar chino.
Can + sujeto + verbo bsico
? Can she ask the question?
Puede hacer ella la pregunta?
Es verdad! Ni can ni el verbo que lo acompaa se conjugan, sin importar la persona de que se trate: I can speak,
You can speak, He can speak, etc. Nunca cambia!

Shall
Cundo se usa? Se utiliza en preguntas con las que nos ofrecemos para hacer algo o para pedir el asentimiento de
nuestro interlocutor.
Shall + sujeto + verbo bsico

? Shall I open the door?
Abro la ventana?
? Shall we dance?
Bailamos?
Tienes razn! Hoy en da slo lo empleamos con los sujetos I y we.
Lets
Qu es? Lo usamos para sugerir que hagamos algo al grupo (o a la pareja) al que pertenecemos.
Lets (+ not) + verbo bsico

+ Lets go!
Vamos!
Lets not fight!
No nos peleemos!
Lets es la contraccin del verbo let y el pronombre us. Casi nunca decimos Let us!
Should
Cundo se utiliza? Se usa para expresar la idea de una conveniencia, consejo o deber moral mitigado.
Sujeto + should + verbo bsico

+ You should study harder
Deberas estudiar ms.
Verbo to think en negativo + sujeto + should + verbo bsico
I dont think he should stop studying
No creo que l deba dejar de estudiar.
Verbo to think en interrogativo + sujeto + should + verbo bsico
? Does she think we should tell them?
Cree ella que debemos decrselo (a ellos)?
Youd better
Qu significa? Significa ms vale que... y lo utilizamos cuando queremos avisar a alguien de un peligro potencial.
Sujeto + d better (+ not) + verbo bsico

+ You had better stop smoking
Ms te vale que dejes de fumar.
He had better not tell her the truth
Ms vale que no le diga la verdad.
Rara vez se dice She had better stop lying to them, sino que se emplea la contraccin: Shed better stop lying to them.

APpeNDIx
Must
Cundo se utiliza? Se utiliza para indicar deber u obligacin de hacer algo. La forma negativa mustnt indica
prohibicin.
Sujeto + must ( + not) + verbo bsico

+ I must go
Debo ir.
She must not go (prohibicin)
Ella no debe ir.
Must + sujeto + verbo bsico
? Must you get the check all the time?
Tienes que pagar t la cuenta todas las veces?
Verbo to have en interrogativo + infinitivo con to
? Do I have to talk to him?
Tengo que hablar con l?
Ten en cuenta que es mucho ms comn formular la pregunta con el verbo have to que con must.
Must tambin se utiliza para indicar una suposicin. Por ejemplo:
He must be rich. He came by helicopter.
l debe de ser rico. Vino en helicptero.
Y no te olvides de utilizar las contracciones en las frases negativas.

Para indicar la ausencia de necesidad o de obligacin no empleamos mustnt, sino dont / doesnt have to.
Sujeto + verbo to have en negativo + infinitivo con to

They dont have to go (ausencia de obligacin / necesidad)
Ellos/as no tienen que ir.
May / Might
Cundo se usan? Se usan para indicar posibilidad. En la forma interrogativa tambin se emplea may para pedir
permiso de manera muy educada.
Sujeto + may / might (+ not) + verbo bsico

+ I may go out tonight
Puede que salga esta noche.
I may not do it after all
Puede que no lo haga finalmente.
Hoy da might se emplea mucho ms que may:
May + sujeto + verbo bsico

? May I go to the toilet?
Puedo ir al bao?
Verbo to think en interrogativo + sujeto + might + verbo bsico
? Do you think she might go out tonight?
Crees que ella saldra esta noche?

To ask / To tell
Con los verbos que expresan voluntad, mandato, ruego, consejo, etc. y sus contrarios (prohibicin, oposicin, etc.)
se emplea la siguiente construccin: Sujeto + verbo + pronombre de complemento + infinitivo con to.
Esto es lo que sucede con to tell cuando le decimos a alguien que haga algo:
Sujeto + verbo + pronombre de complemento + infinitivo con to

I told him to come
Le dije que viniera.
Otro verbo que sigue la misma regla es to ask cuando significa pedir a alguien que haga algo:
Sujeto + verbo + pronombre de complemento + infinitivo con to

She asked me to come
Ella me pidi que viniera.
Cuando to ask significa pedir una cosa (sin verbo), entonces decimos: ask for:
Sujeto + verbo + objeto indirecto + for

He asked them for the books
l les pidi los libros.
El verbo to ask adems de pedir significa preguntar o hacer una pregunta (to ask a question).
To be (past simple)
Sujeto + verbo (+ not)

+ I was in London
Yo estaba en Londres.
She was not in Amsterdam
Ella no estaba en msterdam.
Verbo + sujeto
? Were you in Oslo?
Estabas en Oslo?
No olvides que el verbo to be equivale tanto al verbo ser como al verbo estar.

APpeNDIx
There was / There were
Cundo se utiliza? Se usa para decir que haba o hubo algo.
There + verbo to be ( + not)

+ (sing.) There was a book
Haba un libro.
+ (plur.) There were some tables
Haba mesas.
(sing.) There was not a blackboard
No haba pizarra.
(plur.) There were not any chairs
No haba sillas.
Verbo to be + there
? (sing.) Was there a TV?
Haba una tele?
? (plur.) Were there any teachers?
Haba profesores?
Past simple
Cundo se usa? Se usa para presentar una accin como completada en un momento o periodo del pasado. En este
sentido, es muy frecuente que vaya acompaado de un adverbio o frase adverbial de tiempo (yesterday, last year, etc).
Verbos regulares: forman el Pasado Simple aadiendo la terminacin ed al verbo bsico.

Sujeto + verbo acabado en ed
+ I worked from home
Trabaj desde casa.
Verbos irregulares: no tienen regla fija y hay que estudiar su pasado en cada caso.
Sujeto + verbo en pasado
+ She ate an orange
Ella comi una naranja.
El pasado es el mismo en todas las personas gramaticales. Por ejemplo, I ate, you ate, he ate, etc.
Para la forma negativa es indiferente que el verbo sea regular o irregular; se construye de la siguiente forma:
Sujeto + auxiliar did + not + verbo bsico
I did not eat an orange
No com una naranja.
Auxiliar did + sujeto + verbo bsico
? Did they see Pete?
Vieron ellos a Pete?

Past continuous
Cundo se usa? Se usa al describir una accin que estaba teniendo lugar en un momento determinado del pasado.
Sujeto + verbo to be (pasado) (+ not) + v. -ing

+ I was studying
Yo estaba estudiando.
They were not speaking
Ellos/as no estaban hablando.
? Verbo to be (pasado) + sujeto + v. -ing
Was she sleeping?
Estaba ella durmiendo?
En la forma negativa siempre que se puede, utilizamos contracciones: I wasnt studying, he wasnt writing, etc.
To say / To tell
En qu se diferencian? Los dos significan decir, pero to tell va acompaado obligatoriamente del complemento
indirecto, mientras que to say no suele llevarlo (y si lo hace, va introducido por to).
Tell Sujeto + verbo + objeto indirecto

I told him it was wrong
Le dije que estaba mal.
Say Sujeto + verbo
He said it was right
l dijo que estaba correcto.
Adems de decir, to tell significa contar (to tell a story, to tell a joke, to tell the truth, to tell a lie). En este
caso, puede llevar o no complemento indirecto.
Used to / Did... use to? / Did not use to

Qu es? Se usa para contrastar acciones pasadas con otras presentes o, lo que es lo mismo, para indicar que una accin
se realizaba en el pasado y ya ha dejado de realizarse.
Sujeto + used to + verbo bsico

+ I used to go out every day
Yo antes sala todos los das.
Sujeto + auxiliar did + not + use to + verbo bsico
They did not use to go out every day
Ellos/as antes no salan todos los das.
Auxiliar did + sujeto + use to + verbo bsico
? Did he use to be a teacher?
Era l profesor?

APpeNDIx
Present Perfect
Cundo se usa? Se usa para hablar de acciones que han tenido lugar dentro de un periodo de tiempo no acabado. En
este caso, el pretrito perfecto ir acompaado de adverbios o frases adverbiales del tipo ever, never, already, yet,
today, this week, etc.
Sujeto + presente de to have (+ not) + participio pasado del verbo

+ I have eaten two apples today
He comido dos manzanas hoy.
They have not eaten any cookies today
Ellos/as no han comido galletas hoy.
Presente de to have + sujeto + participio pasado del verbo
? Has she drunk all the water?
Ha bebido ella toda el agua?
Tambin se usa para indicar una accin o estado que empieza en el pasado y que todava es vigente en el momento
actual. En este caso, lo suelen acompaar las preposiciones since o for.
Sujeto + to have + participio pasado del verbo + since + momento concreto de tiempo
I have been sick since Monday
Estoy enfermo/a desde el lunes.
Sujeto + to have + participio pasado del verbo + for + periodo de tiempo
I have been sick for two days
Llevo dos das enfermo/a.
Adems se usa para acciones recin acabadas con el adverbio just intercalado:
Sujeto + to have + just + participio pasado del verbo

She has just finished eating
Ella acaba de comer.
Present Perfect Continuous

Cundo se utiliza? Se usa para una accin que se extiende desde el pasado al momento actual y que puede continuar
en el futuro.
Sujeto + presente de to have (+ not) + been + v. -ing

+ I have been working
He estado trabajando.
They have not been working
Ellos/as no han estado trabajando.
Presente de to have + sujeto + been + v. -ing
? Has he been working?
Ha estado l trabajando?

Las preposiciones since y for son muy corrientes en el Pretrito Perfecto Continuo:
Sujeto + pretrito perfecto to be + v. -ing + for

I have been working for six hours
Estoy trabajando desde hace seis horas.
Sujeto + pretrito perfecto to be + v. -ing + since
I have been working since 9:00
Estoy trabajando desde las 9:00.
How long + to have en presente simple + sujeto + been + v. -ing
How long has she been working?
Cunto tiempo lleva ella trabajando?
Cunto tiempo? = How long?
Would
Cundo se utiliza? Se usa para peticiones e invitaciones. Cuando va acompaado del verbo to like se puede traducir
por querra, quisiera, me gustara (tomar).
Sujeto + would (+ not) + like

+ I would like a coffee
Quisiera un caf.
They would not like anything
No les gustara tomar nada.
Would + sujeto + like
? Would you like a piece of pie?
Os gustara tomar un trozo de tarta?
Tambin se usa para formar el Condicional:
Los 3 condicionales
Qu es un condicional?
Un condicional es una hiptesis sobre algo y sus consecuencias. Podemos hacer esta hiptesis sobre el pasado, el
presente y, por supuesto, el futuro.
Cmo se forma un condicional?

Un condicional se compone de dos partes: la proposicin con if y la proposicin del resultado o consecuencia en caso
de cumplirse la condicin.
1) Future conditional
If + sujeto + presente simple sujeto + will + verbo bsico
If I win the lottery, I will quit my job
Si me toca la lotera, dejar mi trabajo.
2) Present conditional
If + sujeto + pasado simple sujeto + would + verbo bsico
If I won the lottery, I would quit my job
Si me tocara la lotera, dejara mi trabajo.

APpeNDIx
En el Segundo Condicional no usamos was (salvo coloquialmente), sino were: if I were, if she were, if it
were, etc.
3) Past conditional
If + sujeto + pasado perfecto sujeto + would have + participio pasado
If I had won the lottery, I would have quit my job
Si me hubiera tocado la lotera, habra dejado mi trabajo.
Saxon Genitive
Qu es? Es una de las formas que se usan para indicar la posesin en ingls cuando el poseedor es una persona o un
ser animado.
En ingls la persona a quien pertenece la cosa siempre precede a dicho objeto. Es decir, hacemos lo contrario de lo que
se hace en castellano:
El libro de Mike.
Mikes book.
My sisters book.
Cuando la persona a quien pertenece la cosa es singular aadimos apstrofo + s.
My parents house.
Cuando la persona a quien pertenece la cosa es un colectivo de dos o ms personas aadimos apstrofo despus de la s final.
Peter and Susans son.
Cuando la cosa pertenece a distintas personas nombradas cada una por su nombre aadimos apstrofo + s despus
del ltimo nombre.
Charless shirt.
Cuando el nombre de la persona a quien pertenece la cosa acaba en s aadimos apstrofo + s.
Tambin se usa con nombres de pases, ciudades, etc:
Japans economic boom.

The countrys population.
Adems, lo vemos con ciertas expresiones de tiempo, espacio, distancia, etc:
Last weeks meeting (La reunin de la semana pasada).

A weeks holiday (Una semana de vacaciones).
Ten minutes walk (A diez minutos andando).
Possessive adjectives & pronouns

Possessive adjectives Possessive pronouns
my mine
your yours Ejemplo:
Singular
his his This is my book.
her hers This book is mine.
its -
our ours
Plural your yours
their theirs

The articles
Los artculos en ingls, al igual que los adjetivos, no distinguen entre masculino y femenino. Los artculos indeterminados
son a y an (un, una) en el singular y some (unos, unas) en el plural.
A se usa antes de palabras que comienzan por sonido consonntico: a door, a window, etc.
An se usa antes de palabras que comienzan por sonido voclico: an apple, an hour, etc. (la h de hour es muda).
El artculo determinado the es invariable no slo en gnero, sino tambin en nmero, por lo que corresponde a el, la,
los, las.
Comparative
Regulares Adj 1 slaba Tall Adjetivo+er (than) Taller (than)
Adj 2 slabas (acabados en y) Funny Adjetivo+er (than) Funnier (than)
Adj 2 slabas (no acabados en y) Honest More + adjetivo (than) More honest (than)
Adj 3 o + slabas Expensive More + adjetivo (than) More expensive (than)

Irregulares Adj Good Better (than)
Adj Bad Worse (than)
Adj Far Farther / Further (than)
Sustantivo contable Chair More sustantivo (than) More chairs (than)

Sustantivo incontable Money More sustantivo (than) More money (than)
Sustantivo contable Chair Fewer sustantivo (than) Fewer chairs (than)

Sustantivo incontable Money Less sustantivo (than) Less money (than)
Otras estructuras:
Sujeto + verbo + as + adjetivo + as

She is as tall as Peter
Ella es tan alta como Peter.
Sujeto + verbo + as + adverbio + as
They cook as well as Monique
Ellos/as cocinan tan bien como Monique.
Sujeto + verbo + as much + sustantivo incontable + as
He has as much money as Susan
l tiene tanto dinero como Susan.
Sujeto + verbo + as many + sustantivo contable + as
They have as many friends as Matt
Ellos/as tienen tantos amigos como Matt.
Sujeto + verbo + twice + as much + sustantivo incontable + as
He has twice as much money as Susan
l tiene el doble de dinero que Susan.
Sujeto + verbo + half + as many + sustantivo contable + as
They have half as many friends as John
Ellos/as tienen la mitad de amigos que John.

APpeNDIx
Superlative
Regulares Adj 1 slaba Tall The adjetivo+est The tallest
Adj 2 slabas (acabados en y) Funny The adjetivo+est The funniest
Adj 2 slabas (no acabados en y) Honest The most + adjetivo The most honest
Adj 3 o + slabas Expensive The most + adjetivo The most expensive
Irregulares Adj Good The best

Adj Bad The worst
Adj Far The farthest / The furthest
Sustantivo contable Chair The most + sustantivo The most chairs

Sustantivo incontable Money The most + sustantivo The most money
Sustantivo contable Chair The fewest + sustantivo The fewest chairs

Sustantivo incontable Money The least + sustantivo The least money
Irregular verbs
Verb Past Simple Past Participle
ser/ estar be was, were been
ganarle (a alguien) beat beat beaten
convertirse en become became become
empezar begin began begun
doblar bend bent bent
morder bite bit bitten
soplar blow blew blown
romper break broke broken
llevar / traer bring brought brought
construir build built built
comprar buy bought bought
coger catch caught caught
elegir choose chose chosen
venir come came come
costar cost cost cost
cortar cut cut cut
hacer do did done
dibujar draw drew drawn
soar dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt
conducir drive drove driven
beber drink drank drunk
comer eat ate eaten
caer fall fell fallen
sentir feel felt felt
luchar fight fought fought

encontrar find found found
volar fly flew flown
olvidar forget forgot forgotten
perdonar forgive forgave forgiven
conseguir get got got/gotten
dar give gave given
ir go went gone
crecer grow grew grown
tener have had had
or hear heard heard
esconder hide hid hidden
golpear hit hit hit
sujetar hold held held
doler / hacer dao hurt hurt hurt
guardar keep kept kept
saber know knew known
aprender learn learned/learnt learned/learnt
marcharse leave left left
prestar lend lent lent
permitir let let let
perder lose lost lost
hacer make made made
significar / querer decir mean meant meant
conocer por primera vez / quedar meet met met
pagar pay paid paid
poner put put put
leer read read read
sonar / llamar por telfono ring rang rung
levantarse rise rose risen
correr run ran run
decir say said said
ver see saw seen
vender sell sold sold
enviar send sent sent
demostrar show showed showed/shown
cerrar shut shut shut
cantar sing sang sung
sentarse sit sat sat
dormir sleep slept slept
hablar speak spoke spoken
gastar spend spent spent
estar de pie stand stood stood
nadar swim swam swum

APpeNDIx
tomar / llevar take took taken
ensear teach taught taught
contar, decirle a alguien tell told told
pensar think thought thought
lanzar, arrojar throw threw thrown
entender understand understood understood
despertar wake woke woken
llevar puesto, ponerse wear wore worn
ganar win won won
escribir write wrote written
Regular verbs
Cuando la terminacin regular del pretrito y del participio pasado (-ed) sigue a un sonido voclico o a sonidos
consonnticos sonoros (p.ej.: m, n, r, l, v) se pronuncia /d/.
Por ejemplo: Allow - /alau/ ; Allowed - /alud/
Verbo Verb Past Simple Pronunciation

lograr / conseguir achieve achieved /achivvvd/
aconsejar advise advised /advisd/
estar de acuerdo agree agreed /agrid/
permitir allow allowed /alud/
responder answer answered /nserd/
aparecer appear appeared /apad/
arreglar, disponer arrange arranged /arrinlld/
asegurar assure assured /ashrd/
llegar arrive arrived /arivvvd/
creer believe believed /bilivvvd/
pertenecer belong belonged /bilngd/
coger prestado borrow borrowed /broud/
llamar call called /cld/
llevar en brazos carry carried /crid/
causar cause caused /csd/
cambiar change changed /chinlld/
limpiar clean cleaned /clind/
cerrar close closed /clusd/
comparar compare compared /comprd/
quejarse complain complained /complind/
confirmar confirm confirmed /confrmd/
continuar continue continued /contniud/

considerar consider considered /consdad/
copiar copy copied /cpid/
cubrir cover covered /cavvvad/
llorar cry cried /crid/
entregar (en un sitio) deliver delivered /delvvvad/
describir describe described /discribd/
descubrir discover discovered /discvvvad/
merecer deserve deserved /disrvvvd/
destruir destroy destroyed /distrid/
teir dye died /did/
ganar (salario) earn earned /rnd/
aprovechar / disfrutar enjoy enjoyed /inllid/
borrar erase erased /irisd/
explicar explain explained /eksplind/
fallar fail failed /field/
archivar file filed /field/
llenar fill filled /fld/
seguir follow followed /floud/
ganar gain gained /guind/
manejar handle handled /jhndeld/
pasar, ocurrir happen happened /jhpend/
contratar hire hired /jhiad/
darse prisa hurry hurried /jharid/
identificar identify identified /aidntifaid/
imaginar imagine imagined /imllind/
mejorar improve improved /imprvvvd/
unir join joined /llind/
escuchar a listen to listened to /lssend tu/
vivir live lived /lvvvd/
bajar lower lowered /luerd/
mantener maintain maintained /mintind/
medir measure measured /mshad/
mencionar mention mentioned /mnshand/
mover move moved /mvvvd/
ofrecer offer offered /ferd/
poseer own owned /ond/
deber (algo a alguien) owe owed /ud/
interpretar perform performed /pafrmd/
planificar plan planned /plnd/
jugar / tocar (un instrumento) play played /plid/
preferir prefer preferred /prifrd/
preparar prepare prepared /priprd/

APpeNDIx
tirar (de algo) pull pulled /pld/
llover rain rained /rind/
elevar raise raised /risd/
percibir / darse cuenta de realize realized /rialisd/
reconocer recognize recognized /rcognaisd/
recibir receive received /risssivvvd/
jubilarse retire retired /ritiad/
revisar review reviewed /rivud/
salvar / ahorrar save saved /sivvvd/
parecer (en todos los sentidos) seem seemed /simd/
servir serve served /srvvvd/
demostrar show showed /shud/
firmar sign signed /sind/
sonrer smile smiled /sssmild/
nevar snow snowed /snud/
solucionar solve solved /slvvvd/
sufrir suffer suffered /saferd/
quedarse stay stayed /ssstid/
estudiar study studied /ssstadid/
sorprender surprise surprised /saprisd/
viajar travel travelled /trvvvold/
intentar try tried /trid/
usar use used /isd/
preocuparse worry worried /urid/
Cuando la terminacin regular del pretrito y del participio pasado (-ed) sigue a un sonido consonntico sordo (p. ej.: p,
k, sh, s, f) se pronuncia /t/.
Por ejemplo: Ask - /ask/ ; Asked - /askt/

lograr accomplish accomplished /acamplisht/
preguntar ask asked /askt/
comprobar check checked /chkt/
reservar book booked /bkt/
convencer convince convinced /convvvnst/
cocinar cook cooked /ckt/
cruzar cross crossed /crst/
bailar dance danced /dnst/
disminuir decrease decreased /dicrist/
desarrollar develop developed /divvvlopt/
discutir / debatir discuss discussed /discast/
escapar(se) escape escaped /eskipt/

establecer establish established /estblisht/
fijar / arreglar fix fixed /fkst/
terminar finish finished /fnisht/
forzar force forced /frst/
ayudar help helped /jhlpt/
esperar (esperanza) hope hoped /jhupt/
aumentar increase increased /incrist/
saltar jump jumped /jampt/
rer laugh laughed /lft/
gustar like liked /likt/
faltar lack lacked /lkt/
cerrar (con llave) lock locked /lkt/
mirar / ver look looked /lkt/
mezclar mix mixed /mkst/
echar en falta / perder miss missed /msst/
notar notice noticed /nutisst/
hacer la maleta pack packed /pkt/
aparcar park parked /prkt/
pasar pass passed /psst/
coger pick picked /pkt/
practicar practice practiced /prktist/
producir produce produced /prodist/
progresar progress progressed /pragrst/
prometer promise promised /prmisst/
pronunciar pronounce pronounced /pranunst/
empujar push pushed /psht/
alcanzar reach reached /richt/
reducir reduce reduced /ridist/
relajar(se) relax relaxed /rilkst/
sustituir replace replaced /riplist/
parar stop stopped /ssstpt/
cambiar switch switched /sucht/
hablar talk talked /tkt/
tocar touch touched /tacht/
escribir (a mquina en
type typed /tipt/
el ordenador)
andar walk walked /ukt/
lavar wash washed /usht/
ver / mirar watch watched /ucht/
desear wish wished /usht/
trabajar work worked /urkt/

APpeNDIx
Cuando la terminacin regular del pretrito y del participio pasado (-ed) sigue a los sonidos /d/ o /t/ se pronuncia /id/.

aceptar accept accepted /aksptid/
actuar act acted /ktid/
sumar / aadir add added /did/
nombrar (a alguien
appoint appointed /apintid/
para un cargo)
asistir (a un evento) attend attended /atndid/
atraer attract attracted /atrktid/
evitar avoid avoided /avvvidid/
complicar complicate complicated /complikitid/
consultar consult consulted /consaltid/
contactar contact contacted /contktid/
contar count counted /cuntid/
crear create created /criitid/
decidir decide decided /disidid/
dedicar dedicate dedicated /ddikeitid/
defender defend defended /difndid/
exigir demand demanded /dimndid/
depender de depend on depended on /dipndid on/
dedicar(se) devote devoted /divvvutid/
distribuir distribute distributed /distrbiutid/
dividir divide divided /divvvidid/
dudar doubt doubted /dutid/
eliminar eliminate eliminated /elmineitid/
estimar (hacer una
estimate estimated /stimeitid/
estimacin)
evaluar evaluate evaluated /evvvliueitid/
excluir exclude excluded /ekscldid/
existir exist existed /eksstid/
expandir expand expanded /ekspndid/
esperar expect expected /ekspktid/
exportar export exported /eksprtid/
extender extend extended /ekstndid/
odiar hate hated /jhitid/
implementar implement implemented /mplimentid/
importar import imported /imprtid/
incluir include included /incldid/
indicar indicate indicated /ndikeitid/
insistir insist insisted /insstid/
inventar invent invented /invvvntid/
investigar investigate investigated /invvvstigueitid/
invitar invite invited /invvvitid/

aterrizar land landed /lndid/
levantar (algo desde un
lift lifted /lftid/
punto inferior)
durar last lasted /lstid/
listar list listed /lstid/
cargar load loaded /ludid/
localizar locate located /loukitid/
motivar motivate motivated /mutivvveitid/
necesitar need needed /nidid/
pintar paint painted /pintid/
participar participate participated /partsipeitid/
sealar point pointed /pintid/
imprimir print printed /prntid/
promover promote promoted /pramutid/
proteger protect protected /pratktid/
proporcionar / proveer provide provided /pravvvidid/
reaccionar react reacted /riktid/
recomendar recommend recommended /recomndid/
rechazar reject rejected /rillktid/
alquilar rent rented /rntid/
solicitar request requested /ricustid/
descansar rest rested /rstid/
seleccionar select selected /selktid/
separar separate separated /spareitid/
gritar shout shouted /shutid/
empezar start started /ssstrtid/
apoyar support supported /saprtid/
tener xito succeed succeeded /saksdid/
sospechar suspect suspected /saspktid/
probar / poner a prueba test tested /tstid/
traducir translate translated /translitid/
tratar treat treated /tritid/
confiar trust trusted /trastid/
visitar visit visited /vvvsitid/
esperar (tiempo) wait waited /uitid/
querer want wanted /untid/
desperdiciar waste wasted /uistid/

APpeNDIx
The alphabet
Cuando nos referimos a la ortografa de una palabra, solemos utilizar el artculo indefinido (a/an): Book is spelled
with a b. Como vers, muchas letras empiezan con un sonido voclico, por lo que requieren an.
Letter Pronunciation a o an? Letter Pronunciation a o an?

A /ei/ an A N /en/ an N
B /bi/ aB O /ou/ an O
C /si/ aC P /pi/ aP
D /di/ aD Q /quiu/ aQ
E /i/ an E R /aaah/ an R
F /ef/ an F S /ess/ an S
G /lli/ aG T /ti/ aT
H /eich/ an H U /iu/ aU
I /ai/ an I V /vvvvi/ aV
J /llei/ aJ W /daboliu/ aW
K /quei/ aK X /ex/ an X
L /el/ an L Y /uai/ aY
M /em/ an M Z /ssssed/ aZ
Demonstrative adjectives & pronouns

Usamos los demostrativos this (esto/a) para referirnos a un objeto o persona que est a nuestro alcance. Y utilizamos
that (ese/a, eso, aquel/la, aquello) para referirnos a un objeto o persona que est fuera de nuestro alcance.
El plural de this es these, y el de that es those:
Demonstrative adjectives + pronouns

Singular this
that
these
Plural
those

Reflexive pronouns
Reflexive pronouns
myself
yourself
Singular
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
Plural yourselves
themselves
Ten en cuenta que no siempre hay una correspondencia entre el ingls y el castellano en el uso de construcciones
reflexivas. Por ejemplo:
Hes looking at himself in the mirror.

Est mirndose en el espejo.
Hes shaving. (sin pronombre reflexivo)

Est afeitndose.
False friends
English Spanish English Spanish
to assist ayudar parents padres
to attend asistir a pregnant embarazada
actual real embarrassed avergonzado
actually en realidad relations parientes
advice consejo sensible sensato
current actual sensitive sensible
currently actualmente warning aviso
carpet moqueta to introduce (someone) presentar (a alguien)
folder carpeta agredir (fsicamente o
to molest
educated culto sexualmente)
polite educado to bother / to disturb molestar

APpeNDIx
Common Mistakes
Wrong 8 Right 4
Is Spanish (omisin del sujeto) He is Spanish
He is Spanish? Is he Spanish?
I have twenty years Im twenty / Im twenty years old
Im twenty years Im twenty / Im twenty years old
Im teacher Im a teacher
Shes of Spain Shes from Spain
Theyre behind of us Theyre behind us
Pardon Excuse me
People is People are
Hes married with Pam Hes married to Pam
The friend of Tom Toms friend
How is he? (forma de ser) Whats he like?
How is he? (fsicamente) What does he look like?
Im looking to you Im looking at you
Im looking you Im looking at you
Shes listening the radio Shes listening to the radio
Whats he looking? Whats he looking at?
Whos she listening? Whos she listening to?
I wear a hat Im wearing a hat
The next week Next week
The next Saturday Next Saturday
You stand up! Stand up!
You sit down! Sit down!
Shes getting married with Rob Shes getting married to Rob
Im attending to a meeting Im attending a meeting
There isnt any window There isnt a window
There isnt a door too There isnt a door either
There arent some candles There arent any candles
Theres a water Theres some water
How many hospitals there are? How many hospitals are there?
How many money is there left? How much money is there left?
There are 200 euros left Theres 200 euros left
There arent people enough There arent enough people
He isnt enough tall He isnt tall enough
We are eight (somos ocho en I&D) There are eight of us
She eat fruit every day She eats fruit every day
He plays football the Monday He plays football on Monday
He dont have a brother He doesnt have a brother
She have a sister She has a sister
I go to the cinema one time a week I go to the cinema once a week
He works from home two times a week He works from home twice a week

Wrong 8 Right 4
They have a shower every days They have a shower every day
She normally sleeps all the morning She normally sleeps all morning
Does he have a car? Yes, he do Does he have a car? Yes, he does
He takes a coffee in the morning He has a coffee in the morning
I take lunch with my husband I have lunch with my husband
Spain likes me I like Spain
Do you know whats the time? Do you know what the time is?
Do you know wheres the meeting? Do you know where the meeting is?
He works like a teacher He works as a teacher
I need that you help me I need you to help me
I had two toasts in the morning I had two slices of toast in the morning
I had some cereals too I had some cereal too
He gets to home at 3 He gets home at 3
She gets to her work at 9 She gets to work at 9
I take two hours to get dressed It takes me two hours to get dressed
It takes me two hours and a half to get dressed It takes me two and a half hours to get dressed
It takes her one and a half hour to write a report It takes her one and a half hours to write a report
He calls to me every day He calls me every day
Im working in a new project Im working on a new project
I leave the work at 7 I leave work at 7
The finger hurts me My finger hurts
Is going to be cold tomorrow? Is it going to be cold tomorrow?
The one of January The first of January
Its going to be a meeting tomorrow Theres going to be a meeting tomorrow
I work in the first floor I work on the first floor
Im going to reply this email Im going to reply to this email
Im going to answer to this email Im going to answer this email
He cant to go to the party He cant go to the party
Dont lie me! Dont lie to me!
Im boring because I dont like the film Im bored because I dont like the film
She will to call me tomorrow She will call me tomorrow
I have the same jumper than Lisa I have the same jumper as Lisa
Do I close the door? Shall I close the door?
Lets to start! Lets start!
Lets not to go! Lets not go!
Ill send you the report when I'll finish writing it Ill send you the report when I finish writing it
You wasnt here yesterday You werent here yesterday
I werent here last week I wasnt here last week
I wasnt here the last week I wasnt here last week
I wasnt here yesterday night I wasnt here last night
I wont be here this night I wont be here tonight
Hes in the bed Hes in bed
I have cold Im cold

APpeNDIx
Wrong 8 Right 4
I have hot Im hot
I wasnt yesterday here Yesterday I wasnt here
I cant remember how many were there I cant remember how many there were
He arrived to the airport at 5 He arrived at the airport at 5
She arrived to Madrid at 7 She arrived in Madrid at 7
They arrived to home at 9 They arrived home at 9
She makes questions every day She asks questions every day
What did you say him? What did you say to him?
I told to him it was small I told him it was small
I asked that you come I asked you to come
Please, turn up it (el volumen de la radio) Please, turn it up
I worked 10 hours a day before I used to work 10 hours a day
Im calling in the name of Mr. White Im calling on behalf of Mr. White
I want that you come I want you to come
English is more easy than Chinese English is easier than Chinese
English is easier that Chinese English is easier than Chinese
Peter is so tall than Mark Peter is as tall as Mark
I dont have so much money than you I dont have as much money as you
This car is the most cheap This car is the cheapest
This car is the more cheap This car is the cheapest
Fifty percent is the same than a half Fifty percent is the same as a half
Yesterday I have eaten two apples Yesterday I ate two apples
Have you ever been in Paris? Have you ever been to Paris?
Ive never been in Paris Ive never been to Paris
She's lived in Spain during five years She's lived in Spain for five years
He's been at the airport since two hours He's been at the airport for two hours
He's been there since two hours ago He's been there for two hours
I havent finished the report already I havent finished the report yet
How long are you a secretary? How long have you been a secretary?
Yesterday they operated him Yesterday they operated on him
You should to smoke less You should smoke less
Youd better to look right! Youd better look right!
You mustnt to tell her You mustnt tell her
Tell it to her Tell her
He may / might to go out tonight He may / might go out tonight
If I would have money, I would buy a car If I had money, I would buy a car
Are you Paco? (al telfono) Is that Paco?
I dont hear you I cant hear you
I didnt know it I didnt know
I paid the coffee I paid for the coffee
I forgot my umbrella at home I left my umbrella at home

Telephone numbers (tres reglas)
1) En ingls, a diferencia que en castellano, decimos los nmeros de telfono uno por uno:
493 2741 = four, nine, three, two, seven, four, one
2) Cuando se repite un nmero solemos usar double:
366 4477 = three, double six, double four, double seven
3) En el Reino Unido no se suele decir zero, sino o, que se pronuncia /ou/.
0034 904 206 = double o, three, four, nine, o, four, two, o, six
Pero en Estados Unidos y en algunos otros pases anglosajones, s se usa el zero para los nmeros de telfono.
SMS Abbreviation
Abbreviation English Spanish Abbreviation English Spanish

2 to a L8R later ms tarde
4 for para / por Lol lots of love un abrazo
C see ver 2U to you a ti
U you t CN U? can you? puedes?
Y? why? por qu? CD U? could you? podras?
B4 before antes 2 too tambin
Cos because porque RTN return volver
UR you are ests / eres SPK speak hablar
RU are you? ests? / eres? Txt text texto
CU see you nos vemos THX thanks gracias
FW forward remitir I8 I ate he comido
FYI for your information para su informacin U8? you ate? has comido?
G2G got to go tengo que irme U2? you too? t tambin?
GR8 great genial UOK? are you ok? ests bien?
H8 hate odio WK week semana
IC I see entendido WKD weekend fin de semana
2mro tomorrow maana W@ what? Qu?
L8 late tarde @ at a/en

CURSO ONLINE Y RECURSOS MULTIMEDIA
GRATUITOS
Esperamos que tu semana en los Cursos de Inmersin Lingstica en Lengua Inglesa organizados por la
Universidad Internacional Menndez Pelayo sea fructfera. En nuestro esfuerzo conjunto por ayudarte a
continuar mejorando tu ingls, la UIMP y Vaughan Systems ponen a tu disposicin, de forma totalmente
gratuita, los siguientes recursos:
Vaughan Classroom (curso online)

Para activar tu suscripcin gratuita de 6 meses al curso online Vaughan Classroom, sigue las instrucciones
a continuacin:
Paso 1: Accede a http://www.vaughanclassroom.com/uimp

Paso 2: Rellena el formulario de inscripcin.
Paso 3: En el apartado Datos personales del formulario de inscripcin, introduce tu cdigo de acceso
donde aparece este texto: Escribe el cdigo de promocin UIMP
Paso 4: Termina el proceso de inscripcin y disfruta de tu curso.
The Vaughan Challenge (juego de traduccin)

Para acceder a The Vaughan Challenge online, sigue estos pasos:
Paso 1: Accede a http://vaughanchallenge.grupovaughan.com

Paso 2: Introduce tu cdigo de acceso.
Paso 3: Sigue el proceso de inscripcin y empieza a practicar con The Vaughan Challenge.
En esta pgina tambin tendrs acceso a tres nmeros de la revista didctica The Vaughan Review.
http://www.grupovaughan.com/vaughansystems/uimp.html
A travs de esta pgina web podrs acceder a los siguientes recursos:
Vaughan E-mail Lessons: si te das de alta en el siguiente enlace, nosotros nos encargamos de motivarte
puntualmente cada 15 das mediante una leccin con contenidos variados.
http://www.grupovaughan.com/cursosdeingles/classroom.html
Vaughan Radio: http://www.vaughanradio.com/
Vaughan TV: http://www.youtube.com/user/vaughantv
TU CDIGO PERSONAL DE ACCESO A

ESTOS RECURSOS ES:

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Intermediate 1

Edicin de contenidos: Juan Gmez Canseco, Keelin McLoughlin, Peter Swinden

Revisin de contenidos: Luca Fraile, Juan Gmez Canseco, Carmen Vallejo,

Edicin del proyecto: Anna Katarina Victria

Ilustracin: Nacho Subirats

Diseo y maquetacin: ZAC diseo grfico

Propiedad de la presente edicin:

List 12. Reported speech........................................................................... 30

To arrive / To fly . ........................................................................................73

To celebrate / To be born . ..........................................................................95

Introduction (Phrasal verbs)......................................................................111

To thank for / To ask for.............................................................................112

Ask / Tell; To be (past simple)....................................................................155

Cmo utilizar las listas de traduccin

These boxes are big, but those ones are

8. Eso no es impresionante. Esto es Thats not impressive. This is impressive.

9. Esto no es interesante; es aburrido. This isnt interesting; its boring.

Decimos for hire

These ones are Italian; those ones are

Uno de los pocos

22. No (no lo es); es americana. No, theyre not; theyre American.

23. Es interesante este libro? Is this book interesting?

24. Est terminado ese informe? Is that report finished?

INTERMEDIATE 1 ENGLISH IMMERSION FOR VERBAL AGILITY 9

1. ste es mi profesor de ingls. This is my English teacher.

2. Es irlands. Hes Irish.

3. sa es mi profesora de ciencias. Thats my science teacher.

4. Es de Australia. Shes from Australia.

5. Quin es aqul? Whos that?

6. se es el Sr. Bond. Thats Mr. Bond.

7. Es espa. Hes a spy.

8. Es se el jefe del Sr. Bond? Is that Mr. Bonds boss?

No digas No, hes

10. Es el Sr. Smith? Is it Mr. Smith?

11. No (no lo es). No, its not. / No, it isnt.

12. Quin es? Who is it?

10 ENGLISH IMMERSION FOR VERBAL AGILITY INTERMEDIATE 1

15. Es se tu padre? Is that your father?

16. No (no lo es). No, its not. / No, it isnt.

17. Quin es, entonces? Who is it, then?

18. Es mi to. Its my uncle.

19. Son aquellos tus amigos? Are those your friends?

20. No (no lo son). No, theyre not. / No, they arent.

21. Quines son, entonces? Who are they, then?

22. Son amigos de Fred. Theyre Freds friends.

INTERMEDIATE 1 ENGLISH IMMERSION FOR VERBAL AGILITY 11

1. Esta lista es difcil. This list is difficult.

2. Es una lista difcil. Its a difficult list.

5. Ese reloj (de pulsera) es caro. That watch is expensive.

6. Es un reloj caro. Its an expensive watch.

7. Esas flores son preciosas. Those flowers are beautiful.

8. Son flores preciosas. Theyre beautiful flowers.

9. Es Suecia un pas rico o pobre? Is Sweden a rich or a poor country?

10. Suecia es un pas rico. Sweden is a rich country.

11. Es el Ebro un ro largo o corto? Is the Ebro a long or a short river?

12. El Ebro es un ro largo. The Ebro is a long river.

12 ENGLISH IMMERSION FOR VERBAL AGILITY INTERMEDIATE 1

14. Soy alto. Im tall.

15. Es Pau Gasol alto o bajo? Is Pau Gasol tall or short?

16. Es muy alto. Hes very tall.

19. El finlands es un idioma muy difcil. Finnish is a very difficult language.

Ojo! Hay varias

22. Tienes fro? Are you cold?

INTERMEDIATE 1 ENGLISH IMMERSION FOR VERBAL AGILITY 13