TESTING THE

AUTOSYNCHRONIZING RELAY,
USING DOBLE's TEST EQUIPMENT
& PROTEST ASYNCH MACRO

* The Beckwith M-0193B Synchrocloser was

used to prepare this information.
CONTENTS

1. Description of the Relay (Fig. 1, 1a, 2, 3)

2. Test Configurations (Fig. 4)
3. Options of Testing (Fig. 4, 6)
4. Testing
4.1. Relays Settings
4.2. Anti-Motoring
4.3. Anti-Pumping
4.4. CB Closing Angle
5. More Details of Automatic Testing (Fig. 5, 6)
6. Conclusion (Fig. 5, 6)
7. F6150 Control Panel Manual Testing
1. DESCRIPTION OF THE RELAY (see
Fig. 1a, 2, 3)

1.1.Autosynchronizing relay is intended to control

closing of a circuit breaker (CB), connecting two
electrical systems together. Typical applications
are connecting an incoming generator to a
station bus/system.
AUTOSYNCHRONIZER CONNECTIONS
(Fig. 1)
POWER
60.00Hz BUS
SYSTEM

PT-BUS
SYNCROCLOSER
M-193B
CLOSE CB
TB 1
* BUS
1
2
UNIT POWER 3
TRANSFORMER 4
GENER.
PT-GENERATOR
*

11
CLOSING TIME
GENERATOR 180 ms
60.1Hz 20

26
27
TB 2
28
A

CLOSE CB B
COMMAND

PT-POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
1.2. CB closing is allowed only, when
the two sources are:
* Close to synchronism within the ALLOWED
CB Closing Angle
* In phase.
The allowed CB Closing Angle is the calculated
angle to insure the Generator & Power System
safety & stability.

Theoretically, when the CB closes his main

contacts and the generator & the system are
synchronous, the closing angle is 0 degree.
 AUTOSYNCHRONIZER MACRO
(Fig. 1a)
Advanced CB
Closing Angle 6.47 b Advanced CB 1.29 b
180 ms Allowed Closing Area Closing Angle 180 ms
6.47 + 1.0
a 1.39 + 1
V Bus = 60.00Hz a V Bus = 60.00Hz
Advanced CB V Gen = 60.00Hz
Advanced CB V Gen = 60.00Hz
Closing Time
180 + 27.8 ms V Gen V Gen Closing Time V Gen
59.9 Hz 60.1 Hz 180 + 139 ms 59.98 Hz
V Gen
Allowed Allowed 60.02 Hz
CB Closing CB Closing
Command Command Angle
Angle Window Window
+ 1 + 1
Allowed Allowed
CB Closing CB Closing
Command Command Time
Time Window Synch Time = 5 sec Window Synch Time = 25 sec
+ 27.8ms + 139ms
V Gen V Gen
1. Allowed Closing Angle= 1 1. Allowed Closing Angle= 1
2. CB Closing Time = 180 ms 2. CB Closing Time = 180 ms
3. Allowed Time Tolerance 3. Allowed Time Tolerance
= 1/0.1 Hz x 360 =27.8 ms = 1/0.02 Hz x 360 =139 ms
4. Synchronizing Time= 4. Synchronizing Time=
+ 1/0.1 Hz x 180 = 5 sec. + 1/0.02 Hz x 180 = 25 sec.
360 360
5. Advanced CBClosing Angle = 180ms/27.8ms = 6.47 5. Advanced CBClosing Angle = 180ms/139ms = 1.29
But because of relay & test instrument accuracy
limits, the closing angle is different from 0 deg.

Actual Closing Angle =

= 0 degree "+" or "-" CB Closing Angle Error (CAE)
----------------------------------------------------------
!! - CAE should be less than the Allowed
Closing Angle - !!
----------------------------------------------------------

That is why the Allowed Closing Angle can be

considered as the CB Closing Angle Tolerance.

Because the two sources (before synchronization)

are normally running at slightly different frequencies,
the sources are only within the allowable closing
command window for a short time.

This time depends on the slip frequency

(see Fig 1a, 2, 3).
1.3. The relay initiates closing of the CB in
advance of anticipated synchronization
by time, equal to the closing time of the
CB (CONSTANT time) plus or minus time
tolerance, depending on the slip frequency.
Relay sends the closing command within the
allowed COMMAND WINDOW.
That is why the CB closes his contacts
within the allowed CLOSING AREA.
 AUTOSYNCHRONIZING MACRO
(Fig. 2)
Relay Selling's & Test Conditions
Allowed CB Closing Angle = 1
CB Closing Time = 180 ms
V GEN V GEN
180 ms
Allowed Time Tolerance:
TE (Time Error) = 1/0.02 360 = 139 ms
Advanced CB
Closing Command Advanced CB Closing Angle
Window 180 V GEN
1.29
1.29 1 139 V BUS
Advanced CB
V GEN
Closing Angle
139 ms 139 ms

Allowed CB
Closing Area
0 1 V GEN

3 2 1 0 1 2 3
2.29 1.29 0.29

SLIP FREQUENCY = 0.02 HZ

 AUTOSYNCHRONIZING MACRO
(Fig. 3)
V GEN
Relay Sellings & Test Conditions
VGEN
Advanced CB
V BUS
Allowed CB Closing Angle = 1
Closing Command 180 ms
Window
CB Closing Time = 180 ms
Allowed Time Tolerance:
TE (Time Error) = 1/0.1 360 = 27.8 ms
180
Advanced CB Closing Angle 6.47
6.47 + 1 27.8
V GEN
27.8 27.8 V BUS
Advanced CB
ms ms V GEN
Closing Angle
Allowed
CB Closing
Area
0+1
V GEN

x x
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

-7.47 6.47 5.47 Slip frequency = 0.1 Hz

 2. TEST CONFIGURATIONS
(see Fig.4).
* The two voltage sources are used to supply
the relay under the test.
* The relay is configured to respond with a close
signal in advance of synchronism.
* The voltage sources are set to slip against
each other to simulate running and incoming
supply.
* The sense input of the test instrument is used
to detect relay operation.
AUTOSYNCHRONIZER TEST CONFIGURATION
(Fig. 4)
TEST INSTRUMENT
TB1 Function
VA
1. Bus Potential Input Hot
INPUT
SYNCROCLOSER 2. Bus Potential Input Neutral
M-193B 3. Gen/Line Potential Input Neutral
4. Gen/Line Potential Input Hot
VB TB 1
5. Multiplier and Enable Common
1 6. Breaker Closing Time: 0 ms
2 7. " 20 ms
3 8. " 40 ms
4 9. " 60 ms
10. " 80 ms
11. " 100 ms
12. " 120 ms
ASSUMED INITIAL TEST 11
13. " 140 ms
14. " 160 ms
POSITION OF C.B. 15. " 180 ms
ADVANCE TIME LINK 20
16. " 200 ms
17. " Multiplier x 4
18. " x3
19. " x2
20. Breaker Closing Time: Common
26 21. Not Used
TO 120 VOLT A.C. TB 2
27 22. Relay Contacts, Closed
AUXILIARY SUPPLY 28 23. When Voltage Conditions OK
A
24. Relay Contacts, Closed
B 25. When Frequency Difference OK
26. 120V ac Power Neutral
27. 120V ac Power Hot
28.

TB2
A
Breaker Close Contact
B
3. OPTIONS OF TESTING (see Fig.4)

* Two voltage sources of F6150

* Two voltage sources of 2 x F2250
* Two voltage sources of 2 x F2100
* Two voltage sources of F2500 or F2700.
4. TESTING (see Fig. 4, 5, 6)
4.1. Relay's Settings.
* The Upper voltage limit
* The Low voltage limit
* The maximum frequency difference (Slip Frequency)
* The voltage difference
* The CB Closing Time .
All voltage and frequency settings were preliminary
tested, using separate relay's output contacts and
LRAMP macros.
The CB Advanced Closing Time was tested, using
relay's output closing contacts and ASYNCH macro.
4.2. Anti - Motoring.
This relay's function is blocking closing of the
CB,when the generator frequency is slower, than
the bus frequency.
It prevents the power flow into the generator after
the CB is closed.

This feature was tested by applying the generator

voltage
VB=120V @ 0 deg. 59.96 Hz
(Slip frequency 0.04 Hz).
Relays Close command was blocked (no operation).
 4.3. Anti - Pumping.
This relay's function is permitting ONLY ONE
CB closing operation during ONLY 0.5 sec.
- to avoid not controlled CB closing operation.
After this relay should be reset by removing
relay's power supply for 10 sec.
The bus voltage is used for relay's power supply.
That is why during testing, when the ASYNCH macro
is used, the offset time is 10.5 sec.
4.4. CB Closing Angle.
During testing we are looking for the Actual CB
Closing Angle for Comparison to the Allowed
Closing Angle = 0 deg.
But ASYNCH Macro is not making Angle
measurements.
It is using the CB closing time measurement as
a tool to get the angle values.
That is why we are:

Testing the Actual CB Advanced Closing

Time and Compare it to the Expected CB
Closing Time.
!! The difference should be less,
than the Allowed Time Tolerance !!!

It is possible to recalculate this Time Tolerance

from the Angle Tolerance, which is the
ALLOWED Closing Angle, using the Test slip
frequency.
During the testing the test instrument's timer
* starts, when relay sends the close command
* stops, when the synchronism is expected.
This is the measured & reported as Actual:
ADVANCED CB CLOSING TIME =
= CB Closing Time +/- Time Tolerance, msec.
Where:
CB Closing Time = CONSTANT (CB Characteristic);
Time Tolerance = VARIABLE (Depends on Slip
Frequency).
If:
* the F1 system = 60.00 Hz
* the F2 generator = 60.02 Hz,
the Test slip frequency is
F1-F2= -0.02 Hz
* the CB closing time is 180 msec (Expected Time)
* the Expected Closing Angle is 0 deg.
* the Angle Tolerance is +/- 1 deg.

AND the reported Actual Advanced CB Closing

Time is 210 msec, the Time Error is 30 msec.
The key question now is - what is the
ALLOWED Time Tolerance?
It is possible to recalculate the CB Closing Time
Tolerance from the CB ALLOWED Closing
Angle Tolerance.
The angle tolerance is CONSTANT (+/- 1 deg.),
but the time tolerance depends on the Slip
Frequency.
For 1 degree Angle Tolerance the Time Tolerance
is, depending on the slip frequency:
Time Tolerance (1 deg.) =
=1 deg. / Slip Frequency, Hz x 360 deg.
Here are some:
Time Tolerances for different Slip
Frequencies for 1 degree Allowed Closing
Angle:

Slip Frequency, Hz Time Tolerance, msec

0.02 138.8
0.04 69.4
0.10 27.8
That is why, because the Error is 30 msec, and it is
less than 138.8 msec, the test result is PASS.
The Expected and reported as Actual times are
processed & recalculated in the macro to get the
Closing Angle Error, using next formula:
CAE = {[Tm-(Ts-TI)] x (F1-F2) x 360} /1000,
where:
Tm = Measured CB Advanced Time ("ACTUAL");
Ts = Relay's setting of CB Closing Time;
TI = 20 msec, Relay output unit's pickup time delay.

CAE = {[210-(200-20)] x(60.00-60.02) x 360}/1000 =

-0.216 degree.
Now we are able to compare
the CB Actual Closing Angle=-0.216 deg.
to the relay's Allowed Closing Angle=1 deg.
Because the Actual CAE (-0.216 deg)
is less than Allowed ( +/- 1 deg),
the test result is PASS.

If the Allowed Closing Angle is 10 degrees, the

Allowed Time Tolerance is 10 times more, than
for 1 degree:
138.8 x 10 =1.388 sec
 AUTOSYNCHRONIZER TEST RESULTS
Fig. 5
Ref. Syncrocloser Unit M-0193B Application Guide.
AVERAGE CLOSING PHASE ERROR IN DEGREES

FREQUENCY DIFFERENCE IN HERTZ

ZERO PHASE PREDICTION: This figure illustrates the average closing phase error as a function of
frequency difference for 80 ms, 100 ms, 200 ms, 400 ms and 800 ms breaker closing times. This data was taken
under lab conditions with a constant frequency difference.
 AUTOSYNCHRONIZING
MACRO (Fig. 6)
Doble F6150 and Asynch Macro
Voltage Differential
Doble Test Set F2000
Phase Angle Transducer Ref. Syncrocloser Unit M-0193B Application Guide.
1
Phase Error (Degrees)

0.5

CB Closing Time = 80 ms

-0.5
0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.475
Slip Frequency (Hz), Fast

Breaker Closing Angle Error Comparison (using all three methods and F6150 and Asynch Macro)
CONCLUSION
1.During testing the reported Closing Angle
Error test results were less than Expected &
shown in Relay Instruction Book Information
(see Fig, 5, 6).
Ref. Syncrocloser Unit M-0193B Application Guide.

2.The new ASYNCH Macro is the convenient

tool to test:
* Generator SYNCHCLOSER units
* Line & Feeder Recloser SYNCHCHECK
units, where the voltage phase angle &
slip frequency are used.