CHAPTER 2 DRY GAS RESERVOIR

Example 1

The following data are given for the Bell Gas Field:
Area = 160 acres
avg = 22%
Swi = 23%
Sgr after water displacement = 34%
Bgi (3250psia) = 0.00533 ft3/SCF
Bg (2500 psia) = 0.00667 ft3/SCF
Bg (500 psia) = 0.03623 ft3/SCF
h = 40 ft

a) Initial gas in place

b) Gas in place after volumetric depletion to 2500 psia
c) Gas in place after volumetric depletion to 500 psia
d) Gas in place after water invasion at 3250 psia
e) Gas in place after water invasion at 2500 psia
f) Gas in place after water invasion at 500 psia
g) Gas reserve by volumetric depletion to 500 psia
h) Gas reserve by full water drive; i.e. at 3250 psia
i) Gas reserve by partial water drive; i.e. at 2500 psia

Example 2

A gas reservoir has the following characteristic;

A = 3000 acres h = 30 ft = 0.15 Pi = 2600 psia

T = 150oF zi = 0.82 Swi = 20%
P, psia z
2600 0.82
1000 0.88
400 0.92
Calculate the cumulative gas production and recovery factor at 1000 and 400 psia.
Example 3

The following pressures and cumulative production data is available for a natural-gas reservoir;

P, psia z Gp, MMMSCF

2080 0.759 0
1885 0.767 6.873
1620 0.787 14.002
1205 0.828 23.687
888 0.866 31.009
645 0.900 36.207
a) Estimate the initial gas in place
b) Estimate the recoverable reserve at an abandonment pressure of 500 psia. Assume za = 1
c) What is the recovery factor at the abandonment pressure of 500 psia.

Example 4

Time, years Pressure, psia z Gp (MMMSCF)

0 1798 0.869 0
0.5 1680 0.87 0.96
1 1540 0.88 2.12
1.5 1428 0.89 3.21
2 1335 0.9 3.92
= 13% h = 54 ft A = 1060 acres
Swi = 0.52 T = 164oF

Calculate the GIIP volumetrically and from MBE.

Example 5

Pressure, psia Gp , SCF z

6000 0 1.0135
5300 7737328.244 1.0006
4520 13536207.06 0.9627
3640 23488811.39 0.8972
3100 30905455.55 0.863
2600 38671313.90 0.8502
2120 47318522.34 0.8525
2028 49122795.64 0.855
1760 53512916.85 0.8617
1570 58302139.98 0.8765

Estimate;
a) Gas initial in place
b) Recoverable amount of gas at 1358 psia.
Example 6

After producing 360 MMSCF of gas from a volumetric gas reservoir, the pressure has declined from 3200
psia to 3000 psia.
Bg3200 psia = 0.005278 ft3/SCF
Bg3000 psia = 0.005390 ft3/ SCF

Calculate GIIP.

Example 7

The M Sand is a small gas reservoir with an initial pressure of 3200 psia and temperature of 220oF.
Pressure production history and gas volume factor are given as follow;

P, psia Gp, MMSCF Gas FVF, ft3/SCF

3200 0 0.0052622
2925 79 0.0057004
2525 221 0.0065311
2125 452 0.007736

a) Show that this reservoir is producing under water drive.

b) Volumetric calculation on the M Sand showed that the initial gas in place is 1018 MMSCF. If the
san d is under partial water drive, what is the volume of water encroached at the end of each
period? There is no appreciable water production.

Example 8

A volumetric gas field has an initial pressure of 4200 psia, porosity of 17.2% and connate water of 23%.
Gas FVF at 4200 and 750 psia are 0.003425 and 0.01852 ft3/SCF, respectively.

Estimate;
a) GIIP (SCF/ ac-ft)
b) Initial gas reserves assuming the abandonment pressure of 750 psia (SCF/ac-ft)
c) Initial reserves of a 640 acres unit whose average net production thickness is 34 ft, assuming an
abandonment pressure of 750 psia.
d) Recovery factor based on an abandonment pressure of 750 psia.
Example 9

Fifty billion standard cubic feet of gas has been produced from a dry gas reservoir since its discovery.
The reservoir pressure during this production has dropped to 3600 psia. The company which operates
the field has decided to use the reservoir as a gas storage reservoir. A gas with a gravity of 0.75 is to be
injected until the average pressures reaches 4800 psia. Assume the reservoir behaves volumetrically,
determine the amount of SCF of the gas that must be injected to raise the reservoir pressure from 3600
to 4800 psia. The initial pressure and temperature of the reservoir were 6200 psia and 280 oF,
respectively and the specific gravity of the reservoir gas is 0.75.

Example 10

The following information is available on a volumetric gas reservoir;

Initial reservoir temperature, Ti = 115oF

Initial reservoir pressure, Pi = 3500 psia
Specific gravity of gas, g = 0.65 (air = 1)
Thickness of reservoir, h = 20 ft
Porosity of the reservoir, = 10%
Initial water saturation, Swi = 25%

After producing 300 MMSCF, the reservoir pressure declined to 2500 psia. Estimate the areal extent of
this reservoir.

Example 11

a) The gas cap of the St. John Oil Field had a bulk volume of 17000 ac-ft when the reservoir
pressure had declined to 634 psi. Core analysis shows an average porosity of 18% and average
interstitial water of 24%. It is desired to increase the recovery of oil from the field by
repressuring the gas cap to 1100 psi. Assuming that no additional gas dissolves in the oil during
repressuring, calculate the SCF required. The deviation factors for both the reservoir gas and the
injected gas are 0.86 at 634 psi and 0.78 at 1100 psia, respectively, both at 130oF.
b) If the injected gas has a deviation factor of 0.94 at 634 psi and 0.88 at 1100 psi, and the
reservoir gas deviation factors are as in (a), recalculate the injected gas required.

Example 12

The following production data are available from a gas reservoir produced under volumetric control;

Pressure, psia Cumulative Gas Production, MMMSCF

5000 200
4000 420
The initial reservoir temperature was 237oF and the reservoir gas gravity is 0.7.
a) What will be the cumulative gas production at 2500 psia?
b) What fraction of the initial reservoir gas will be produced at 2500 psia?
c) What was the initial reservoir pressure?

Example 13

The initial volume of gas in place in the P Sand reservoir of the Holden Field is calculated from electric
log and core data to be 200 MMMSCF underlying 2250 productive acres, at an initial pressure of 3500
psia and 140oF. The pressure-productive history is

Pressure, psia Production , MMMSCF Gas Deviation Factor at

140oF
3500 (initial) 0.0 0.85
2500 75.0 0.82

a) What is the initial volume of gas in place as calculated from the pressure-production history,
assuming no water influx?
b) Assuming uniform sand thickness, porosity, and connate water, if the volume of gas in place
from pressure-production data is believed to be correct, how many acres of extension to the
present limits of the P Sand are predicted?
c) If, on the other hand, the gas in place calculated from the log and core data is believed to be
correct, how much water influx must have occurred during the 75MMMSCF of production to
make the two figures agree?

Example 14

A gas-producing formation has uniform thickness of 32 ft, a porosity of 19%, and a connate water
saturation of 26%. The gas deviation factor is 0.83 at the initial reservoir pressure of 4450 psia and
reservoir temperature of 175oF.
a) Calculate the initial in-place gas per acre-foot of bulk reservoir rock.
b) How many years will it take a well to deplete by 50% a 640 acre unit at the rate of 3
MMSCF/day?
c) If the reservoir is under an active water drive so that the decline in reservoir pressure is
negligible, and during the production of 50.4 MMMSCF of gas water invades1280 acres, what is
the percentage of recovery by water drive?
d) What is the gas saturation as a percentage of total pore space in the portion of the reservoir
invaded by water?
Pseudo critical properties of miscellaneous natural gases and condensate well fluids
The Zfactor correlation chart of Standing and Katz