SUBSTATION NAME OTTIYABAKKAM 400/230/110KV SS

FEEDER NAME 400KV GUINDY DC LINE #

CT RATIO 2000
PT RATIO 3636.36
CT/PT RATIO FACTOR 0.5500
Type of Conductor Cable / OH (R) (X)
Protected # 2500 Sq mm Cu. XLPE cable Z1/KM 0.0147 0.2530
Protected # 2500 Sq mm Cu. XLPE cable Z0/KM 0.2480 1.0000
Protected # Twin Moose, ACSR Z1/ KM 0.0266 0.3309
Protected # Twin Moose, ACSR Z0 /KM 0.2612 1.0314
Distance of protected # 2500 Sq mm Cu. XLPE cable in KM 8.5 KM
Distance of Protected # Twin Moose, ACSR in KM 14.74 KM
Total Distance of Protected # in KM 23.24 KM
Other End Substation Name 400KV GUINDY SS
Shortest # Name 400KV OTTIYAMBAKKAM DC LINE #
R X
Shortest # 2500 Sq mm Cu. XLPE cable Z1/KM 0.0147 0.2530
Shortest # 2500 Sq mm Cu. XLPE cable Z0/KM 0.2480 1.0000
Distance of Shortest # 2500 Sq mm Cu. XLPE cable in KM 8.5 KM
Shortest # Twin Moose, ACSR Z1/ KM 0.0266 0.3309
Shortest # Twin Moose, ACSR Z0 /KM 0.2612 1.0314
Distance of Shortest # Twin Moose, ACSR in KM 14.74 KM
Shortest # Total Distance in KM 23.24 KM
Longest # Name 400KV OTTIYAMBAKKAM DC LINE #
Longest # 2500 Sq mm Cu. XLPE cable Z1/KM 0.0147 0.2530
Longest # 2500 Sq mm Cu. XLPE cable Z0/KM 0.2480 1.0000
Distance of Longest # 2500 Sq mm Cu. XLPE cable in KM 8.5 KM
Longest # Twin Moose, ACSR Z1/ KM 0.0266 0.3309
Longest # Twin Moose, ACSR Z0 /KM 0.2612 1.0314
Distance of Longest # Twin Moose, ACSR in KM 14.74 KM
Longest # Total Distance in KM 23.24 KM
ZONE 1 (80 % impedance of the protected feeder)
Z1 Py 0.414 5.623
Z1 Sy 0.228 3.093
Z0 Py 4.766 18.963
Z0 Sy 2.621 10.430

ZONE 2 (100 % impedance of the protected feeder + 50% impedance of the adjacent shortest feeder)
Z 2 Py 0.776 10.543
Z 2 Sy 0.427 5.798
Zo Py 8.937 35.555
Z0 Sy 4.915 19.555

ZONE 3 ( 100 % impedance of the protected feeder + 110% impedance of the adjacent longest feeder)
Z 3 Py 1.087 14.760
Z 3 Sy 0.598 8.118
Z0 Py 12.512 49.777
Z0 Sy 6.881 27.378
ZONE 4 ( 25 % of Zone 1 impedance)
Z 4 Py 0.041 0.562
Z4 SY 0.023 0.309
Z0 Py 0.477 1.896
z0 Sy 0.262 1.043

IMPEDANCE OF THE ENTIRE LINE TO BE PROTECTED

Z1Py 0.517 7.028
Z1Sy 0.285 3.866
Z0Py 5.95789638 23.70348
Z0Sy 3.276843009 13.03692
EARTH COMPENSATION FACTOR
Zone 1 z0/z1=

Zone 2 z0/z1=

Zone 3 z0/z1=

Zone 4 z0/z1=

EARTH COMPENSATION FACTOR

zo-z1 2.394 7.337
3z1 0.6829907568 9.277518
Zone 1 (z0-z1)/3*z1=
zo-z1 4.488 13.757
3z1 1.280607669 17.39535
Zone 2 (z0-z1)/3*z1=
zo-z1 6.284 19.260
3z1 1.7928507366 24.35349
Zone 3 (z0-z1)/3*z1=
zo-z1 0.239 0.734
3z1 0.0682990757 0.927752
Zone 4 (z0-z1)/3*z1=
/230/110KV SS

2000A/1A
400KV/110V

(Z) (THETA)
0.253 86.675
1.030 76.072
0.332 85.400
1.064 75.790

KAM DC LINE #
Z THETA

KAM DC LINE #

5.638 85.790
3.101 85.790
19.553 75.891
10.754 75.891

st feeder)
10.571 85.790
5.814 85.790
36.661 75.891
20.164 75.891

st feeder)
14.800 85.790
8.140 85.790
51.326 75.891
28.229 75.891
0.564 85.790
0.310 85.790
1.955 75.891
1.075 75.891

7.047 85.790
3.876 85.790
24.441 75.891
13.442 75.891

3.468 -9.899

3.468 -9.899

3.468 -9.899

3.468 -9.899

7.718 71.930
9.303 85.790
0.830 -13.859
14.471 71.930
17.442 85.790
0.830 -13.859
20.259 71.930
24.419 85.790
0.830 -13.859
0.772 71.930
0.930 85.790
0.830 -13.859
The resistive reach is calculated with 85 % of rated voltage and 50 % of over loading
condition and the power factor may be greater than 30 deg.

The mimimum load impedance is calculated using the following expression.

Primary full load current = 1950 Amps (Since CT Ratio is 2000/1A)
CT/PT RATIO FACTOR = 0.5500
Total Length of Feeder = 23.24 Kms
Z load = V min
3 * I max

Z load Py = 0.85*400 KV
3*1.5*D5 A
= 67.111
Zload Sy = 36.911

So the max resistive reach (Right Blinder) for phase fault distance
Rph max = Zload min-0.4*Zloadmin
= 22.147
Maximum Resistive reach (Right Blinder) for Ground fault distance
RG max = Zload min-0.2*Zloadmin
= 29.529

Rph min Rarc

Assume If . I,e minexpected phase to phase fault current
Rarc = 28710*L L= 7.8 Metre
If^1.4 If= 1000 Amps
= 14.130 Assume Rarc=0.6
Rphmin Sy >= RarcPy*CTratio/PTratio
= 9.31

For earth faults,the resistive reaches are calculated as follows

RG Min (Rarc+Rtf)*1.2
Let Rtf = 10 Primary
Rarc = 28710*L L= 3.05 Metre
If^1.4 If= 1000 Amps
= 5.53 Assume Rarc=0.6
RG Min Sy>= 10.247
ZONE RESISTIVE REACH ( RIGHT BLINDERS) ARE CALCULATED AS BELOW
ZONE RESISTANCE PRIMARY
Zone-1 Zone-2 Zone-3 Zone-4
0.413933792 0.77612586 1.0865762 0.0413934

FOR PHASE DISTANCE (Res. Reach Secondary)

LEFT BLINDERS FROM QUAD CHARACTERISTICS
Rph (Z1) >= Rph min = 9.31 R1ph = Zone1 Res.+ Rarc = 2.2077
Rph (Z2) 80% of Rph Z3= 17.72 R2ph = Zone2 Res.+ Rarc = 2.4069
Rph (Z3) 60% of Zlmin = 22.15 R3ph = Zone3 Res.+ Rarc = 2.5776
Rph (Z4) = 22.15 R4ph = Zone4 Res.+ Rarc = 2.0028

FOR GROUND DISTANCE (Res. Reach Secondary)

LEFT BLINDERS FROM QUAD CHARACTERISTICS
RG (Z1) >= RGmin = 10.25 RG1 = Zone1 Res + Rarc +Rtf = 9.0277
RG (Z2) 80 % of RG Z3 = 23.62 RG2 = Zone2 Res.+ Rarc +Rtf = 11.9769
RG (Z3) 80% of Zlmin = 29.53 RG3 = Zone3 Res.+ Rarc +Rtf = 14.8976
RG (Z4) = 29.53 RG4 = Zone4 Res.+ Rarc +Rtf = 8.8228

POWER SWING CALCULATIONS PSB

Delta R= 10-30% of R3ph 0.77 I max Line > Phase Current threshold
(We take 30%) Min Setting = 1.2 * Max Power Swing current
Delta X= 10-30% of R3ph 0.77 Max. Power Swing current = 2 * In = 2*1A=2A
(We take 30%) Min Setting = 2.4 Amps

Biased Residual Current Threshold

In> 0.1 * In + [ ( In> / 100 ) * ( Imax ) ] Imax=Max.Cur. Car. Capacity*CTR
In > 38.50% 0.7125

Biased Negative Sequence Current Threshold

I2> 0.1 * In + [ ( I2> / 100 ) * ( Imax ) ] Imax=Max.Cur. Car. Capacity*CTR
I2 > 24.25% 0.7125
Consolidated Settings
SUBSTATION NAME OTTIYABAKKAM 400/230/110KV SS
FEEDER NAME 400KV GUINDY DC LINE #
CT RATIO 2000.00
PT RATIO 3636.36
CT/PT RATIO FACTOR 0.5500
Total Distance of Protected # in KM 23.24
Zone Settings R X Z THETA
Z1 Sy 0.2277 3.0925 3.1009 85.7896
Z 2 Sy 0.4269 5.7984 5.8141 85.7896
Z 3 Sy 0.5976 8.1178 8.1398 85.7896
Z4 SY 0.0228 0.3093 0.3101 85.7896
Total Line Impedence (SY) 0.2846 3.8656 3.8761 85.7896

Zone Compensation Factor (Kn) Z THETA

Zone 1 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 0.8296 -13.8593
Zone 2 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 0.8296 -13.8593
Zone 3 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 0.8296 -13.8593
Zone 4 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 0.8296 -13.8593
K value in
Zone Compensation Factor (Kn) Z THETA R+jX Rectangular
Zone 1 z0/z1= 3.4680 -9.8987 3.416407530.54724272
Zone 2 z0/z1= 3.4680 -9.8987 3.416407530.54724272
Zone 3 z0/z1= 3.4680 -9.8987 3.416407530.54724272
Zone 4 z0/z1= 3.4680 -9.8987 3.416407530.54724272

Zload Sy = 36.91

Phase Resistive Reach (Secondary)

R1ph = Zone1 Res.+ Rarc = 2.2077
R2ph = Zone2 Res.+ Rarc = 2.4069
R3ph = Zone3 Res.+ Rarc = 2.5776
R4ph = Zone4 Res.+ Rarc = 2.0028

Ground Resistive Reach (Secondary) RZLV set in the relay (ohms/loop)

RG1 = Zone1 Res + Rarc +Rtf = 9.0277 16.63
RG2 = Zone2 Res.+ Rarc +Rtf = 11.9769 22.06
RG3 = Zone3 Res.+ Rarc +Rtf = 14.8976 27.45
RG4 = Zone4 Res.+ Rarc +Rtf = 8.8228 16.25

PSB
Delta R Delta X
0.77 0.77
 *** Note Z3 is more than Zload Sy so Z3 Can be set to less than Zload Sy

K value in
Polar
0.5505477 6.2811944
0.5505477 6.2811944
0.5505477 6.2811944
0.5505477 6.2811944

R(zlv)={R(ohms/ph) * sin[pi-arg(Z1n)]} / {[ IKI * sin [ arg (Z1n) - arg ( IKI)]}

Where
K = 1/ { 1 + [1/3] * [Kon-1]}

RZLV is the ground resistive reach to set in the relay (ohms/loop)

R/PH is the ground resistive reach in ohms/phase
arg(Z1n) is the angle of positive sequence impedance for zone n (n=1...5)
e relay (ohms/loop)
K0n=Z0n/Z1nis the zero sequence compensation factor set for zone n in the relay: the module is set dire

The ground resistive limiters cross the R-axis with an angle equal to arg(Z1n).

- Reactive line angle: it is equal to arg(k)

- Directional line angle: it is equal to the setting (Quadrilateral Characteristic Directional Line Angle) plu
Consolidated Settings
SUBSTATION NAME OTTIYABAKKAM 400/230/110KV SS
FEEDER NAME 400KV GUINDY DC LINE #
CT RATIO 2000.00
PT RATIO 3636.36
CT/PT RATIO FACTOR 0.5500
Total Distance of Protected # in KM 23.24
Zone Settings R X Z THETA
Z1 Sy 0.2277 3.0925 3.1009 85.7896
Z 2 Sy 0.4269 5.7984 5.8141 85.7896
Z 3 Sy 0.5976 8.1178 8.1398 85.7896
Z4 SY 0.0228 0.3093 0.3101 85.7896
Total Line Impedence (SY) 0.2846 3.8656 3.8761 85.7896

Zone Compensation Factor (Kn) Z THETA

Zone 1 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 0.8296 -13.8593
Zone 2 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 0.8296 -13.8593
Zone 3 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 0.8296 -13.8593
Zone 4 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 0.8296 -13.8593
K value in
Zone Compensation Factor (Kn) Z THETA R+jX Rectangular
Zone 1 z0/z1= 3.4680 -9.8987 3.416407530.54724272
Zone 2 z0/z1= 3.4680 -9.8987 3.416407530.54724272
Zone 3 z0/z1= 3.4680 -9.8987 3.416407530.54724272
Zone 4 z0/z1= 3.4680 -9.8987 3.416407530.54724272

Zload Sy = 36.91

Phase Resistive Reach (Secondary)

R1ph = Zone1 Res.+ Rarc = 9.3060
R2ph = Zone2 Res.+ Rarc = 17.7173
R3ph = Zone3 Res.+ Rarc = 22.1466
R4ph = Zone4 Res.+ Rarc = 22.1466

Ground Resistive Reach (Secondary) RZLV set in the relay (ohms/loop)

RG1 = Zone1 Res + Rarc +Rtf = 10.2465 18.88
RG2 = Zone2 Res.+ Rarc +Rtf = 23.6230 43.52
RG3 = Zone3 Res.+ Rarc +Rtf = 29.5288 54.40
RG4 = Zone4 Res.+ Rarc +Rtf = 29.5288 54.40

PSB
Delta R Delta X
0.77 0.77
 *** Note Z3 is more than Zload Sy so Z3 Can be set to less than Zload Sy

K value in
Polar
0.5505477 6.2811944
0.5505477 6.2811944
0.5505477 6.2811944
0.5505477 6.2811944

R(zlv)={R(ohms/ph) * sin[pi-arg(Z1n)]} / {[ IKI * sin [ arg (Z1n) - arg ( IKI)]}

Where
K = 1/ { 1 + [1/3] * [Kon-1]}

RZLV is the ground resistive reach to set in the relay (ohms/loop)

R/PH is the ground resistive reach in ohms/phase
arg(Z1n) is the angle of positive sequence impedance for zone n (n=1...5)
e relay (ohms/loop)
K0n=Z0n/Z1nis the zero sequence compensation factor set for zone n in the relay: the module is set dire

The ground resistive limiters cross the R-axis with an angle equal to arg(Z1n).

- Reactive line angle: it is equal to arg(k)

- Directional line angle: it is equal to the setting (Quadrilateral Characteristic Directional Line Angle) plu
Sub Station OTTIYABAKKAM 400/230/110KV SS
Feeder 400KV GUINDY DC LINE #
System Voltage 230 KV
Fault MVA 3Ph 10714 MVA
Fault MVA 1Ph 7539 MVA
CT RATIO 1200 1A
PT RATIO 230000 110 V
Line Imp IN Primary 7.047443 Ohms
Line Current Carring Capacity 855 A LINE 855 0.7125
CT/PT RATIO 0.573913 CABLE 855 0.7125
PH-PH E/F
KV^2/MVA
Source Imp
4.937465 Ohms 7.016846 Ohms
Total Imp 11.98491 Ohms 14.06429 Ohms
KV^2/Total Imp
Fault MVA at end of the line
4413.885 MVA 3761.299 MVA
Fault Current 11080.14 A 9441.961 A
Relay Plug setting 100% 1200 A 40% 480
9.23345 19.67075
Setting Multiplier
9.23345 19.67075
Time Required 1 sec 200msec + ZONE 3 TIME
TLS 0.324712 0.32 0.438525 0.44

Over current Earth Fault

Current times time (sec) Actual py ct (A) Current times time (sec)
2 3.2093 2400 2 4.4128
4 1.5935 4800 4 2.1911
5 1.3695 6000 5 1.8831
8 1.0550 9600 8 1.4506
10 0.9506 12000 10 1.3071
9.233 0.9855 11080.140 19.6707511493 1.0034

Over Current settings Earth Fault settings

PLUG SETTING 100% PLUG SETTING 40%
TLS 0.32 TLS 0.44
 Note Setting multiplier should be less than or equal to 20

rth Fault
Actual py ct (A)
960
1920
2400
3840
4800
9441.9605516836
| | Power Swing Detector in GE D60
Zone reach Resistive reach
Fwd Reach = Zone 3 Reach + 0.1 of Zone 3 Reach 8.95 0.66
Quad Fwd Out = 1.2 times of Fwd Reach 10.74 0.79
Inner Rgt Bld = Rph (Z3)+ 0.1 of Rph (Z3) 2.84 2.84
Outer Rgt Bld = 1.2 times of Inner Rgt Bld 3.40 3.40
Inner Lft Bld = Z3 left Bld + 0.1 of Z3 left Bld 1.10 1.10
Outer Lft Bld = 1.2 times of Inner lft Bld 1.32 1.32
Rev Reach = Zone 4 Reach + 0.1 of Zone 4 Reach 0.34 0.03
Quad Rev Out = 1.2 times of Rev Reach 0.41 0.03

Note
1. Z3 Left Bld assumed as 1
2. All Mid assumed as 0.1

| | Power Swing Detector in ZLV (CGL RELAYS)

| | |--PS Detec Enable YES
| | |--PS Trip Enable NO
| | |--Right Ext Resist Limit = 1.2 * Rgt Int Resit limit 3.40
| | |--Right Med Resist Limit = Rph (Z3)+ 0.1 of Rph (Z3) 2.84
| | |--Right Int Resist Limit 0.50
| | |--Left Ext Resist Limit = 1.2 * Left Int Resist limit 1.32
| | |--Left Med Resist Limit = Z3 left Bld + 0.1 of Z3 left Bld 1.10 Z3 left Bld assumed as 1.0
| | |--Left Int Resist Limit 0.50
| | |--Resist Limit Angle 85.79 Z3 Line Angle
| | |--Forward Ext Reach = 1.2 * Forward Int Reach 10.74
| | |--Forward Med Reach = Z3 Reach + 0.1 of Z3 Reach 8.95
| | |--Forward Int Reach 0.50
| | |--Reverse Ext Reach = 1.2 * Reverse Int reach 0.60
| | |--Reverse Med Reach = Z4 Reach + 0.1 of Z4 Reach 0.50
| | |--Reverse Int Reach 0.50
| | |--I1 Supervision 0.20 Default
| | |--PS Detec Time (Seconds) 0.04
| | |--PS Block Reset Time (Seconds) 2.00
| | |--PS Trip Type Slow
| | |--Fast Trip Time (Seconds) 0.05 Default
| | |--PS Cond Reset Time (Seconds) 0.05 Default
Resistive reach

ld assumed as 1.0
 FAULT LEVEL IN MVA

Phase Phase
Name of the Substations
Fault level Fault level
1.Ottiyambakkam 400/230/110 KV SS
400 KV 16406 7404
230 KV 10714 7539
110 KV 4771 3536