MEASUREMENT OF THREE PHASE POWER & POWER FACTOR

AIM

To measure the power and power factor of given three phase load by using two
wattmeter method.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

FORMULAE
P P2
cos tan 1 3 1
P P
Power factor = cos = 1 2

THEORY

Power Measurement
There are different methods to measure three-phase power. They are one wattmeter
method, two-wattmeter method, three-wattmeter method & also using three-phase
wattmeter. Reactive power can be measured by using varmeter (volt ampere reactive
meter).
Power factor measurement & its improvement
Power factor meters have a current circuit & Pressure circuit. The current circuit
carries the current in the circuit whose power factor is to be measured. The pressure
circuit is connected across the circuit whose power factor is to be measured and is usually
split up into two parallel paths- One inductive and other non inductive. The deflection of
the instrument depends upon the phase difference between the main current and currents
in the two paths of the pressure circuit. i.e. upon the phase angle or power factor of the
circuit. The deflection is indicated by the pointer. The moving system of the power factor
meter is perfectly balanced at equilibrium by two opposing forces and therefore no need
for a controlling force. Hence a power factor meter is disconnected from a circuit the
pointer remains at the position, which it occupied at the instant of disconnection. There
are two types of power factor meters: Electrodynamometer type and Moving Iron Type.
These meters directly indicate by a single reading, the power factor of the circuit to which
they are connected.

PROCEDURE
 1. Give the connections as per circuit diagram.
2. Switch on the three-phase supply.
3. Note down the wattmeter reading and power factor meter reading for a particular
load.
4. Switch on the capacitive load.
5. Note down the variations in the readings of meters.
6. Repeat the same procedure for different loads.
Circuit Diagram
Tabulation

For Motor Load:

Power (Watts) Current Voltage Power factor

S.N0 Observed Actual Reading (Amps) (Volts) Without With
Reading (Watts) Capacitor Capacitor

RESULT:
The power is calculated using two wattmeter method and the Power factor is also
measured .