Lab and Zoo Animal

Management

Dr. Arbab Sikandar

Important laboratory animal species
Mouse most frequently used. Pharmacology,
Genetics, Micro/Virology etc
Rat Physiology of cognitive processes, actions,
models of diabetes
Rabbit serology, insulin quantification, pyrogens
quantification, tests of irritable effect of chemical
substances on the cornea
Cat study of CNS and respiratory system
Dog use in electrophysiology, neurophysiology
Important laboratory animal species
Guinea-pig in Microbiology and Serology,
Physiology of the auditory system
Hamster - Genetics
Pig Surgical techniques
Primates Monkey, Baboon, Chimpanzee use
in neurology, virology, behaviour
Frog Physiology of blood circulation,
Electrophysiology
Fish and insects...
Animal models of diseases and Genetics

The increase in knowledge of the genomes of

animals that are genetically close to humans is
allowing the production of genetically
engineered animal tissues or organs which
express human diseases, providing a more
robust model of human diseases in an animal
model.

Mutant animals

4
Transgenic animals

A transgenic animal is one

whose genome has been
changed to carry genes from
other species.
The nucleus of all cells in
every living organism
contains genes made up of
DNA. These genes store
information that regulates
how our bodies form and
function.
Knock-out animals

A knockout animals (mouse) is a laboratory

mouse in which researchers have inactivated the
existing gene by replacing it or disrupting it with
an artificial piece of DNA
GNOTOBIOLOGY OF LABORATORY ANIMALS

The study of animals or conditions that are either

free of germs or associated only with known or
specified germs.
Conventional animals
- undefined microflora
- open breeding facility complying basic hygienic
conditions
SPF animals

specified pathogen free

- microflora of the animals certainly does not
contain specified pathogens.
- barrier breeding facility
Gnotobiotic animals

1. Axenic animals = germ free

- without any microbes
- pups obtained with sterile hysterectomy
2. Associated animals
- derived from axenic animals colonising them
artificially with one or more
spp. of microorganisms
- monoxenic, dixenic, polyxenic

9
Systems of breeding of laboratory animals

Open communication without the barrier

Barrier controlled environment is provided to
the animals to separated them from external
environment in order to eliminate possible
introduction of infection
sterilization of coming water, food, sawdust
used for bedding, perfect personal hygiene.
Isolator the space for the animals is permanently
separated by a barrier from external environment
as well as from people who manipulate with the
animals. 10
Scheme of barrier facility

11
Scheme of isolator

12
Principles of laboratory animals use

3 Rs:

REPLACEMENT
REFINEMENT

REDUCTION
- Animal should be used only if there is no
alternative, Experimentation should based on most
humane methods and The smallest number of
appropriate animals requires to obtained valid
information. 13
THE END

14
References
Lab Anim 2014 48: 178 originally published
online 4 February 2014
Internet and book sources