Ingls 11.

ano
Multiculturalism

Group I

Read the text Nelson Mandela's Release from Prison Speech and answer the following
questions.

Nelson Mandela's Release from Prison Speech

Friends, comrades and fellow South Africans.

I greet you all in the name of peace, democracy and freedom for all. I stand here before you
not as a prophet but as a humble servant of you, the people. Your tireless and heroic sacrifices
have made it possible for me to be here today. I therefore place the remaining years of my life
in your hands. On this day of my release, I extend my sincere and warmest gratitude to the
millions of my compatriots and those in every corner of the globe who have campaigned
tirelessly for my release.

Today the majority of South Africans, black and white, recognise that apartheid has no future.
It has to be ended by our own decisive mass action in order to build peace and security. The
mass campaign of defiance and other actions of our organisation and people can only culminate
in the establishment of democracy. The destruction caused by apartheid on our sub-continent is
incalculable. The fabric of family life of millions of my people has been shattered. Millions are
homeless and unemployed.

We express the hope that a climate conducive to a negotiated settlement will be created soon
so that there may no longer be the need for the armed struggle. I am a loyal and disciplined
member of the African National Congress. Today, I wish to report to you that my talks with the
government have been aimed at normalising the political situation in the country. We have not
as yet begun discussing the basic demands of the struggle. I wish to stress that I myself have
at no time entered into negotiations about the future of our country except to insist on a
meeting between the ANC and the government.

The people need to be consulted on who will negotiate and on the content of such negotiations.
Negotiations on the dismantling of apartheid will have to address the overwhelming demand of
our people for a democratic, non-racial and unitary South Africa. There must be an end to white
monopoly on political power and a fundamental restructuring of our political and economic
systems to ensure that the inequalities of apartheid are addressed and our society thoroughly
democratised.

Our struggle has reached a decisive moment. We call on our people to seize this moment so
that the process towards democracy is rapid and uninterrupted. We have waited too long for our
freedom. We can no longer wait. Now is the time to intensify the struggle on all fronts. To relax
our efforts now would be a mistake which generations to come will not be able to forgive. The
sight of freedom looming on the horizon should encourage us to redouble our efforts.

It is only through disciplined mass action that our victory can be assured. We call on our white
compatriots to join us in the shaping of a new South Africa. The freedom movement is a
political home for you too. We call on the international community to continue the campaign to
isolate the apartheid regime. Our march to freedom is irreversible. We must not allow fear to
stand in our way. Universal suffrage on a common voters' role in a united democratic and non-
racial South Africa is the only way to peace and racial harmony.

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In conclusion I wish to quote my own words during my trial in 1964. They are true today as
they were then:
I have fought against white domination and I have fought against black domination. I have
cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in
harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But
if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.

Adapted and abridged, MANDELA, Nelson- Nelson Mandela's Release from Prison Speech. Cape Town, South Africa.
February 11, 1990. Visit http://www.edchange.org/

1. Match the following words with their synonyms.

I II
1. humble a) opposition
2. defiance b) hearing
3. culminate c) modest
4. trial d) end

2. Match accordingly.

I II
1. Nelson Mandela feels extremely a) that this is a decisive moment and that they mustnt
grateful... abandon the fight.
2. He wants his people to understand... b) get together and fight for a free and equal society.
c) for the perseverance and huge efforts of his people
3. White and black people should ...
when fighting against discrimination.

3. Decide if the following sentences are true [T] or false [F].

a) Nelson Mandela delivers the speech with an arrogant attitude, since he feels he is superior to
his compatriots.
b) All South Africans believe that apartheid has deeply rooted in society, not likely to change in
a near future.
c) Mandela believes that their struggle can only have an outcome: the establishment of a
democratic regime.
d) He wishes violent conflicts should stop and give way to a conciliatory process of negotiations.

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4. Decide if the following sentences are true [T] or false [F].

a) In order to achieve a democratic and non-racial society, it is necessary to put a stop on the
exclusive political power white people have in South Africa.
b) According to him, now is the moment to step back from the struggle and reflect upon their
demands.
c) He incites a movement for freedom which can be only carried out through disciplined mass
action.
d) He doesnt request the presence of white people in the fight for freedom for he desires a
society ruled by the black people.

5. Choose the correct option.

Nelson Mandela believes it is time...

a) to intensify the struggle by exerting force and violence towards their enemies.
b) to take less sever and strict actions of protest.
c) to keep struggling for their ideals through disciplined negotiation movements.

6. Answer correctly. Identify what/who the highlighted words refer to in the text.
Example: Susan, who is a good girl
Susan

a) "In conclusion I wish to quote my own words during my trial in 1964. They are true today as
they were then..." (paragraph 8)
b) "It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve." (paragraph 8)
c) "Today the majority of South Africans, recognise that apartheid has no future. It has to be
ended by our" (paragraph 3)

7. Find synonyms in the text for the following words.

a) unflagging (paragraph 2)
b) destroyed (paragraph 3)
c) disassembling (paragraph 5)

8. Complete the sentences according to the information from the text.

a) Nelson Mandela addresses his people by congratulating them for their tireless and...
b) He believes everyone recognizes that the establishment of democracy is imperative and that
it is near the end of...
c) He has spent his whole life fighting against white and black...

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9. Put the items in the correct order.

a) and struggle against discrimination. He believed in

b) a peaceful and disciplined fight against segregation to achieve
c) Nelson Mandela was a symbol of perseverance
d) an equal and democratic society.

10. Complete the sentences by choosing the correct options.

But one hundred years later, the a) _________________ still is not free. One hundred years
later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of b) _________________ and
the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of
c)_________________ in the midst of a vast ocean of material d) _________________. One
hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds
himself an e)_________________ in his own land. And so we've come here today to dramatize
a f) _________________ condition.

Adapted and abridged, KING, Martin Luther-I have a dream-Speech. Washington, U.S.A.. August 28, 1963, in
http://www.americanrhetoric.com/

Options:
exile, Negro, segregation, poverty, shameful, prosperity

Group II

Read the text British Attitudes to Immigration and answer the following questions.

British Attitudes to Immigration

It would be fair to say that British attitudes to immigration are mixed. Some consider
immigrants to be an important part of the UKs vibrant cultural mix, whilst others consider
immigration to pose a threat to the British way of life.

History of UK Immigration
For thousands of years the UK has welcomed, or at least received, large numbers of immigrants
to its shores. Despite being an island nation with all the difficulties that poses for immigrants
the UK has always been a destination for foreign nationals either fleeing persecution or simply
looking for a new life. Even people who consider themselves to be 100% British are likely to find
that they do not have to go back many generations before they find foreign ancestors.

20th Century Immigration

Around the time of the Second World War the UK accepted many refugees from Germany and
Nazi-occupied Europe. After the War a new wave of immigration began from countries that had
recently been granted independence from the British Empire as well as further immigrants from
throughout Europe.
New immigrants were invaluable in plugging gaps in the labour market and helping to rebuild a
country which had almost been brought to its knees by Hitlers Germany. However, some British
citizens were fearful or disdainful of the large numbers of immigrants - especially of those who
seemed so obviously different due to the colour of their skin.

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Immigration Today
In the early part of the 21st Century many immigrants have, once again, come from Europe
with a particular influx from new members of the European Union. Race is usually less of an
issue with immigrants from these countries. However, the feeling that they are taking homes
and jobs from British citizens sometimes persists even amongst those whose parents may
themselves have been immigrants.
Immigration remains a very hot topic and strong views are held on both side of the argument.
UK immigration rules are currently being modified to make it more difficult for foreign nationals
to come to the UK to work or study and to acquire UK citizenship. Whatever the future trends
for immigration, the fact remains that like it or not the UK is already a country of immigrants.

Adapted and abridged, , Life in the UK [online]28 January 2013. Visit http://www.aboutimmigration.co.uk/

1. Match the following words with the synonyms.

I II
1. fleeing a) danger
2. invaluable b) afraid
3. threat c) inestimable
4. fearful d) running away

2. Match accordingly.

I II
1. British opinions about immigration are
diverging because while some people..
2. The UK has always been elected as a
destination...
3. After the Second World War there was
a huge wave of immigration to the
UK...
a) which was extremely beneficial to rebuild
the nation.
b) believe it is useful to society, others
consider it a potential danger.
c) for those who seek better living conditions
or those who are running away from
oppression.

3. Decide if the following sentences are true [T] or false [F].

a) The British dont differ regarding the issue of immigration in the UK.
b) Immigrants are seldom seen as a possible menace to the stability of society.
c) UK as a destination for foreigners doesnt come a long way in history.
d) If British take a close look into their family tree, they will easily find foreign ancestors.

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4. Decide if the following sentences are true [T] or false [F].

a) By the time of the Second World War, many people escaped from their occupied nations and
went to the UK.
b) After the war, the huge wave of immigration to the UK brought many complications for it was
highly difficult to welcome everybody.
c) Those who have immigrant ancestors are particularly reasonable towards the immigration
subject since they unconditionally support it.
d) New legislation about immigration is being made in order to prevent foreigners to enter the
UK, making it harder to work or study there.

5. Choose the correct option.

The 20th century new immigration wave...

a) made no difference in the UKs economic and social development.

b) was very important to reestablish the British nation that suffered the consequences of the
Second World War.
c) had a very negative impact in the British public opinion for they believed that the immigrants
were taking their jobs.

6. Answer correctly. Identify what/who the highlighted words refer to in the text.
Example: Susan, who is a good girl
Susan

a) "whilst others consider immigration to pose a threat to the British way of life." (paragraph
1)
b) "However, some British citizens were fearful or disdainful of the large numbers of immigrants
- especially of those who seemed so obviously different" (paragraph 4)
c) "For thousands of years the UK has welcomed, or at least received, large numbers of
immigrants to its shores." (paragraph 2)

7. Find synonyms in the text for the following words.

a) legitimate (paragraph 1)
b) oppression (paragraph 2)
c) contemptuous (paragraph 3)

8. Complete the sentences according to the information from the text.

a) While some of the British people consider that immigrants are necessary to the country,
others believe that they can be a menace to the...
b) In spite of being an island, the UK has always been considered by foreigners as a good...
c) The idea that immigrants are stealing British citizens homes and jobs still...

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9. Put the items in the correct order.

due to political or religious persecution.

conflict and others become refugees
living conditions; some are running away from an armed
for several reasons. Sometimes they are looking for better
People leave their own countries

10. Complete the sentences by choosing the correct options.

I have a a) _________________ that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering
with the heat of b)_________________, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be
transformed into an oasis of c) _________________ and justice. I have a dream that my four
little children will one day live in a d) _________________ where they will not be judged by
the e)_________________ of their skin but by the content of their f) _________________.

Adapted and abridged, KING, Martin Luther-I have a dream-Speech. Washington, U.S.A, in
http://www.americanrhetoric.com/

Options:
color, character, dream, injustice, nation, freedom

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Multiculturalism Answer Key

Group I

1. 1. c); 2. a); 3. d); 4. b)

2. 1. c); 2. a); 3. b)

3. a) F; b) F; c) T; d) T

4. a) T; b) F; c) T; d) F

5. c)

6. a) my own words; b) an ideal; c) apartheid

7. a) tireless; b) shattered; c) dismantling

8. a) heroic sacrifices.; b) apartheid.; c) domination.

9. c); a); b); d)

10. a) Negro; b) segregation; c) poverty; d) prosperity; e) exile; f) shameful

Group II

1. 1. d); 2. c); 3. a); 4. b)

2. 1. b); 2. c); 3. a)

3. a) F; b) F; c) F; d) T

4. a) T; b) F; c) F; d) T

5. b)

6. a) British; b) immigrants; c) UK's

7. a) fair; b) persecution; c) disdainful

8. a) British way of life.; b) destination.; c) persists.

9. e); d); c); b); a)

10. a) dream; b) injustice; c) freedom; d) nation; e) color; f) character

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