AMAZING CALCULATOR TECHNIQUES AND SHORT CUTS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING _ AND MATHEMATICS (with Solutions to Recent Board Exam Questions) (Using CASIO FX 991 ES PLUS ) Volume 1 ROMEO Q. TOLENTINO ENGR. DANTE J.P. VIUAREAL ASCOCIATG PRIFESSOR F COULGE OF ENGINEERING ; ||Philippine Copyright 2014 by Romeo Q. Tolentino No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in @ retrieval system. or transmitted in any form or by electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, and recording ‘or any information storage and retrieval system without the written permission of the author. ALLRIGHTS RESERVED. ISBN: 978-971-817-193-6 Published by Booklore Publishing 1518 Alvarez St., Sta. Cruz, Manila Tel. No. 743-7323/Telefax: 743-1379 PREFACE Year 2010 , | started reséarching on how to maximize the use of the CALCULATOR ( CASIO FX 991 ES ) . | developed calculator shortcuts in ENGINEERING and MATHEMATICS ( now Popularly known as CALCULATOR TECHNIQUES ) The rest now is history. My work has been adopted and imitated ~— by schools and review centers. It became a very powerful tool for siudents taking the board exams. This book is a compilation of CALCULATOR TECHNIQUES and SHORT CUTS in CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS. tt is a product of years of research. i call the book AMAZING because whenever | give lectures in CALCULATOR TECHNIQUES , this word is usually the comment of ‘students. | hope that this latest work of mine (in the tradition of CALCULATOR TECHNIQUES BOOKS SERIES) benefits more students and licensure exam reviewees. Romeo Q. Tolentino March 29, 2014ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Engineer Gertrudo Regondola (Professor: Ateneo De Naga University ) Dr. Amelia T. Marquez (MEGAREVIEW ) Dr. Delia Fainsan (Head ME/EE National University ) Engineer Oliver Daitol (Head ECE ULE.) THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED TO My Mother Herminia Q. Tolentino (whose memories will live forever) and KEN ANGELO TOLENTINO.TABLE OF CONTENTS WHEN BEARING IS GIVEN. . HOWTO FIND LATITUDE AND DEPARTURE Th 1 [LINE GIVEN TWO POINTS. | 15. HOW TO FIND THE AREA OF A REGULAR: | POLYGON: 24 | 25 2, HOW TO FIND LATITUDE AND DEPARTURE ! {46 HOWTO FIND THE AREA OF A SEGMENTOFA 25, WHEN AZIMUTH IS GIVEN. CIRCLE. |3. HOWTO FIND BEARING AND DISTANCE WHEN | 17, HOWTO EXPAND A BINOMIAL a7 |___DEPARTURE AND LATITUDE IS GIVEN. 2 | “4, HOW TO SCLVE MISSING LINES (BEARING , 1 78, HOWTO COMPLETE A SQUARE 128 DISTANCE UNKNOWN) 13 5, HOW TO COMPUTE DMD AND DPD i | 4] | 19. HOW TO LOCATE THE VERTEX OF A [2 i | PARABOLA: 20. HOWTOFIND DISTANCE SETWEENAPOINT =| CANDALINE, 30 | 21. HOW TO FIND AREA USING TRAPEZODAL RULE | 31 22, HOWTO FIND AREAUSING SIMPSON’S RULE | 32_| ‘UNKNOWN ) 12 HOWTO. FIND ROOTS OF COMPLEX a NUMBERS : 9. HOWTO SOLVE TRAVERSE PROBLEM 24, HOW TO SOLVE CLOCK PROBLEMS: [35_| (BEARING OF ADJACENT SIDES UNKNOWN ) 15 25. HOWTO LOCATE THE CENTROID OF A [36 | TRAPEZOID | 10, HOW TO COMPUTE THE TOTAL ERROR OF 26. HOWTO GET THE CENTROIDAL MOMENT OF | 37 CLOSURE IN A TRAVERSE ) 7 INERTIA OF A_TRAPEZOID. | 27. HOW TO SUBDIVIDE A TRAPEZOID WITH A 71, HOW TO ADJUST COURSE LATITUDES AND | LINE PARALLEL TO THE BASE 38 DEPARTURES USING COMPASS RULE 18, 28. HOW TO MODEL PARABOLIC CURVES Ai 12, HOWTO ADJUST COURSE LATITUDESAND ~ | 20 29, HOW TO SOLVE ROAD FILL PROBLEMS 42 DEPARTURES USING TRANSIT RULE 30. HOW TO DO SYNTHETIC DIVISION 45 31. HOW TO SOLVE OBLIQUE TRIANGLE a7 43. HOWTO FIND THE INTERSECTION OF TWO PROBLEMS LINES. na 2 ‘32, HOW TO GET THE DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO - COORDINATES IN A TERRESTIAL SPHERE. “54 [14._ HOWTO FIND DISTANCE AND BEARING OF A(33. HOW TO ANALYZE GRAVITY DAMS (34, HOW TO ANALYZE PARABOLIC CABLES 35. HOW TO SOLVE CONSOLIDATED TRI-AXIAL LEMS ( ONE CIRCLE ILVE CONSOLIDATED TRI-AXIAL TEST PROBLEMS (TWO MOHR CIRCLES) PAST CE BOARD : _ 37. HOW TO SOLVE CONSOLIDATED UNDRAINED TRIAXIAL TEST PROBLEMS WITH PORE PRESSURE ( TWOMOHR CIRCLES) 38. HOW TO SOLVE CONSGLIDATED UNDRAINED TRIAXIAL TEST PROBLEMS ( DEVIATOR STRESS GIVEN) i | 39. HOW TO SOLVE DIRECT SHEAR STRESS TEST OBLEMS _ | 40. HOW TO SOLVE RETAINING WALL PROBLEMS | |__ APPLICATION OF LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE " APPLICATION OF LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE WITH SURCHAGE) 42. HOW TO SOLVE RETAINING WALL PROBLEMS (APPLICATION OF LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE — TENSILE CRACKS ) |49. HOW TO SOLVE SYSTEM OF LINEAR |__ EQUATIONS IN 4 UNKNOWNS. __ 6 ‘50. HOW TO SOLVE TRANSLATION OF VESSELS (TRAPEZOIDAL SECTION GIVEN- RELATIVE 87 | EQUILIBRIUM ) if [51 HOWTO SOLVE ROTATING VESSEL | 52. HOWTO SOLVE STABILITY OF FLOATING Is BODY PROBLEM _(METACENTRIC HEIGHT ) 53. HOW TO SOLVE DISCHARGE UNDER FALLING EAD PROBLEMS. | 53. HOW TO SOLVE DISCHARGE UNDER FALLING | | HEAD PROBLEMS (CCNE, FRUSTUM OF ACGNE, | 95 | HEWISPHERE USING GENERALIZED TECHNIQUE | FOR DISCHARGE UNDER FALLING HEAD } { 54. HOW TO SOLVE MAXIMUM FLOW IN A : CIRCULAR PIPE ‘55. HOW TO SOLVE CRITICAL DEPTH AND CRITICAL VELOCITY INA PARABOLIC CANAL. | 101 ‘56. HOW TO SOLVE CRITICAL DEPTH AND CRITICAL VELOCITY IN A TRAPEZOIDAL CANAL _| 102 57. HOWTO SOLVE PLANE COMBINED STRESS [PIPE B. How ra co PROBLEMS INVOLVING 76 PROBLEMS USING TOLENTINO’S MOHR’S 108 CIRCLE TECHNIQUE. 44, HOW TO SOLVE PROBLEM INVOLVING 2 “HOWTO LOCATE THE CENTROID OF A #. HOWTO SOLVE HOOP TENSION INA TANK OnsOve ™ HEIGHT IS GIVEN. WHOSE SHAPE IS A FRUSTUM OF A CONE. 79 59. HOW TO LOCATE THE CENTROID OF A 46, HOW TO SOLVE PIPE PROBLEMS USING 83 FRUSTUM OF A CONE. 114 MANNING'S EQUATION (FLOWING FULL) 47, HOW TO SOLVE PiPE PROBLEMS USING ['60. HOWTO GET COMPONENTS OF AFORCE “MANNING'S-EQUATION (PARTLY FILLED ) 84] GIVEN MAGNITUDE AND'ANGLE- =" >| 118 | | 48, HOW TO SOLVE MAXIMUM FLOW IN A CIRCULAR | 65 | 61. HOWTO GET COMPONENTS OFAFORCE | 143 naanGIVEN MAGNITUDE AND SLOPE ie | | 62. HOW TO GET A FORCE AND ITS ANGLE WITH X | AXIS GIVEN ITS X AND Y COMPONENTS HOW TO GET RESULTANT OF COPLANAR CONCURRENT FORCES 17 | 4, HOW TO FIND THE RESULANT OF COPLANAR H NON CONCURRENT FORCES | 118 65. HOW TO SOLVE PROBLEMS INVOLVING | EQUILIBRIUM OF COPLANAR CONCURRENT | 122 |g FORPES ‘SIMPLE BEAMS | 7 | 67. HOW TO” x “GET THE de ‘ORDINATES OF THE SHEAR | AND _MOMENT DIAGRAM OF SIMPLE BEAMS. | 68. HOW 7C COMPUTE THE MAX MOMENT FOR A SIMPLE BEAM OF TRAPEZOIDAL LOADING. 142 69 HOW TO SOLVE FOR MAX WEIGHT WHEN ALLOWABLE STRESSES AREGIVENFORPIN | 144 CONNECTED BARS 70. HOWTO COMPUTE TOTAL ELONGATION OF ABAR WITH TAPERING CROSS SECTION. 145 74. HOWTO COMPUTE TOTAL ELONGATION OF 185, OF A BAR WITH DIFFERENT LOADINGS and 147 83. HOW TO SOLVE LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL LENGTHS EQUATIONS: 188 | 84. HOW TO SOLVE MIXING PROBLEMS IN 72. HOWTO SOLVE STATICALLY INDETERMINATE | DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (RATE COMING IN = 191 MEMBERS 148 RATE COMING OUT) [__“A SEGMENT OF A SPHE! 76. HOWTO COMPUTE CENTROID AND MOMENT | OF INERTIA_OF AT SECTION 163, 77. HOW TO COMPUTE SHEARING STRESSES AND ‘SHEAR DISTRIBUTION IN. A RECTANGULAR 166 |__ SECTION | | 78. HOW TO COMPUTE FLEXULAR STRESS | DISTRIBUTION IN THE BEAM ANDAXIALLOAD | 169 | CARRIED BY THE BEAM DUE TO FLEXULAR i | | STRESS. | HOW 70 COMPUTE SHEARING STRESS _ DISTRIBUTION, AND SHEAR CARRIED BY A 173 | | PARTICULAR AREAINAT — SECTION. | i | 20._HOW TO COMPUTE SHEARING STRESS a7 | DISTRIBUTION, AND SHEAR CARRIED BY A | 177 | PARTICULAR AREA IN AN I SECTION. | OW TO APPLY TOLENTINO'S MOHR'S |] CIRCLE TECHNIQUE TO DETERMINE CENTROIDAL | 181 PRINCIPAL MOMENTS OF INERTIA AND MOMENTS AND PRODUCT OF INERTIA ABOUT A RCTATED AXIS IN AN L SECTION 82, HOW TO COMPUTE REACTIONS IN A PROPPED BEAM 73. HOW TO COMPUTE TOTAL ANGLE OF TWIST 152 FOR DIFFERENT LOADINGS AND MEMBER: | LENGTHS (TORSION) | 85. HOW TO SOLVE MIXING PROBLEMS IN DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (RATE COMING IN # 194 RATE COMING OUT) 74, HOWTO SOLVE MAXIMUM SHEARAND | FSB MOMENT IN MOVING LOADS. [161 ‘86. HOWTO DO INTEGRATION BY PARTS (USING |THE MODIFIED TECHNIQUE ) 196 75. HOW TO LOCATE THE CENTER OF GRAVITY OF 87. HOWTOINTEGRATE Je=xdx |__ 7198} 88. HOW TO SOLVE PARTIAL FRACTIONS 199 | OBLEMS. 189. HOWTO SOLVE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS USING LAPLACE TRANSFORMS 207 90, HOW TO GET RADIUS AND CENTER OF _CURVATURE 22 91, HOW 70 APPLY TOLENTINOS CALCULATOR | FORMULA FOR COMPUTING RADIUS OF 24 | CURVATURE AND CENTER OF CURVATURE. 92, HOWTO COMPUTE POWER AND LOGARITHM | OF COMPLEX NUMBERS _ _ 216 | 93. HOWTO COMPUTE TRIGONOMETRIC AND Ta | STIONS OF COMPLEX NUMBERS | 213 | [a4 HOWTOMULTIPLY POLYNOMIALS | 220 TO REMOVE THE XY TERM IN EGUATION AX? + BKY+ CY? +DX+EY+ ROTATION CF AXES, eee 96. HOW TO ANALYZE TRANSLATED ELLIPSE 97. HOW TO ANALYZE TRANSLATED: HYPERBOLA ‘98. HOWTO GET THE SLOPE and TANGENT LINE AND NORMAL LINE OF A CURVE GIVEN ITS PARAMETRIC EQUATIONS ‘99. HOW 70 GET THE SLOPE OF A POLAR CURVE. 100. HOWTO FIND POLARS AND TANGENT LINES TO CONIC PROBLEMS IN_ STATISTICS 401. HOWTO SOLVE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION 102. HOW TO GET DIRECTION COSINES AND COMPONENTS OF A SPACE FORCE GIVEN THE COORDINATES CF HEAD AND TAIL OF THE FORCE ere 7 103. HOWTO FIND RESULTANT OF THREE “CONCURRENT SPACE FORCE VECTORS. i. HOWTO GET THE MOMENT OF A SPACE | FORCE VECTOR ABOUT A POINT. 105. HOWTO SOLVE EQUILIBRIUM OF | CONCURRENT SPACE FORCES, | 248 | | 249 | 250 |1. HOW TO FIND LATITUDE AND DEPARTURE WHEN BEARING IS GIVEN. Hf bearingis N@ E Angle from (+) xaxis 90-0 Ifbearing is NOW Angle from (+x) axis is 90+6 Hfbearing is S@ W Angle from (+x) axis is 270-8 ffbearingis S@E Angle from (+x) axisis 270+6 Example 1-1 Find the latitude and departure of line AB whoss length is 25 m and bearing is N 30° W . Solution: ENTER. MODE 2 INPUT 25 _(90 +30) = Result: -12.5 + 21.65: Departure = -12.5. Latitude = 21.65 Example 1-2 Find the latitude and departure of line BC whose length is 12 m and bearing is $209 E. Solution: ENTER: MODE 2 INPUT: 12L_(270 + 20)= Result: 4.104- 11.2761 Departure is 4.104* Latitude = -11.276 TECHNIQUES AND SHORT CUTS IN MATHEMATICS AND CIVIL ENGINEERING using CASIO FX 991 ES PLUS (VOLUME 1) Ena’r Ramenrn 4. é- sdielachiaeemendamaentiaiatnae2, HOWTO FIND LATITUDE AND DEPARTURE WHEN AZIMUTH IS GIVEN. Example 2 Find the departure and latitude of line 1-2 with azimuth 321°40' and distance is 140.25. Solution: To get the departure and latitude when azimuth is given: ENTER MODE 2 and input Length L(-90- Azimuth ) ENTER: 140.251 (-90 - 321940" ) = Result: Dep = 86.99 Lat = -110.01 3. HOWTO FIND BEARING AND DISTANCE WHEN DEPARTURE AND LATITUDE IS GIVEN. Example 3.1 Find the bearing and distance when departure is -34.56 and latitude is 21.33. ENTER: MODE 4 Input; Pol( 21.33, 34.56) = (Note input both the positive equivalent of departure and latitude with latitude first. ) Result: r= 40.61 6= 58,3176 Then distance = 40.61 and bearing is N 58.3176 W Note: !f latitude and departure are both + direction is NE If latitude is + and departure is -,, direction is NW If latitude and departure are both - , direction is SW If latitude is - and departure is + , direction is SE "AMAZING CALCULATOR TECHNIQUES AND SHORT CUTSIN™ MATHEMATICS AND CIViL ENGINEERING using CASIO FX 991 ES PLUS (VOLUME 1) 5 er "AMAZING CALCULATOR TECHNIQUES. AND SHORT CUTS IN Example 3.2 Find the distance and bearing of a line whose fatitude = departure is -34.31. Solution: ENTER: Pol(24.55,34.31) = Result: r=42.19 8 = 54.415 Distance is 42.19 and bearing is $ 54.415" W latitude (-}) - 24.55 and (departure and 4, HOW TO SOLVE MISSING LINES (BEARING , DISTANCE UNKNOWN) Example 3- (PAST CE BOARD ) From the following closed trav Lines Bearing Distance 4-2 N30°E 120.2 23 N78 E 90.2 S32E 88.4 44 _ — Solution: ENTER: MODE 2 Compute Angles from the + x axis for 1-2 Store 120.2 L_ (90-30) to A for 2-3 Store 90.2 _( 90-78) toB for 3-4 Store 88.41.( 270+ 32) toC MATHEMATICS AND CIVIL ENGINEERING using CASIO FX 991 ES PLUS (VOLUME 1 )Let D be the missing side vector. Then A+ B+C+D=0 D=-(A+B+C) ENTER : -(A+B+C) Result: -195.174— 47.881 , store this to D. ENTER: | D| = SHIFTHYP D Result: 200.961 (Length of the missing side.) ENTER: Arg(D). SHIFT 2 1D Result: -166.215° Angle from the horizontal is 166.215° clockwise. ( 3" quadrant - SW } Then bearing angle is 166.215-90 = 76.215° Missing Line 4-1 is 200.96 $76.215°W 5. HOW TO COMPUTE DMD AND DPD Example 4 ( Continue calculations from example 4. ) Given the data from example 4 : ines Bearing Distance 4-2 N30E .. 120.2 23 N78°E 90.2 3-4 S220E 88.4 44 AMAZING CALCULATOR TECHNIQUES AND SHORT CUTS IN MATHEMATICS AND CIVIL ENGINEERING using CASIO FX 991 ES PLUS (VOLUME 1) To get departureS and latitudes: ENTER: A = Result: 60.1 ENTER: B= + 104.096 Dep = 60.1 Lat= 104.1 Result: 88.23 +18.75i © Den=88.22 Lat= 18.75 ENTER: C= Result: 46.64-74.971 Dep = 46.84 Lat=-74.97 ENTER: D = Result: -195.17- 47.88 Dep =-195.17 Lat = -47.88 Lines 42 23 34 44 DEP LAT 60.10 104.1 88.23 18.75 46.84 -74.97 195.17 47.88 ENTER: MODE 3 2 and Show the Frequency (SHIFT MODE DOWN STAT FREQ ON ) INPUT THE GIVEN DATA: x Y Freq 4-2 60.10 1041 2 23 88.23 1875 2 34 4684 7497 2 a 195.17 47.88 4 “AMAZING CALCULATOR TECHNIOUES AND SHORT CUTSIN™ ==" MATHEMATICS AND CIVIL ENGINEERING using CASIO FX 991 ES PLUS (VOLUME 1) nate Beaman t) Triantinn Pace 5 | tSof line 4-1 a R EDIT DATA: x Y Freq 42 60.10 1041 2 23 8823 1875 2 anh 46.34 1497 1 a -195.17 -87.88 0 To get DMD and DPD of line 3~4 ENTER: =x then Zy Result: 343.5 and 170.73 To get DMD and DPD of line 2-3 EDIT DATA: x Y Freq 42 60.10 1041 2 23 88.23. 1875 1 34 4684-7497 0 44 “195.17 -4788 0 ‘AMAZING CALCULATOR TECHNIQUES AND SHORT CUTS IN MATHEMATICS AND CIVIL ENGINEERING (VOLUME 1) ENTER: SX Result: 208.43 (DMD) .and 226.95 (DPD) EDIT DATA: 4-2 60.10 104.1 1 23 88.23 18.75 0 34 46.84 .-7497 0 44 195.17 47.88 0 ENTER: =X and SY Result: 60.1 and 104. SUMMARY OF RESULTS: Lines DMD DPD 4-2 60.1 = 104.1 23 208.43 226.95 34 343.5 170.73 44 195.17 47.88 AMAZING CALCULATOR TECHNIQUES AND SHORT CUTS IN MATHEMATICS AND CIVIL ENGINEERING 1 ES PLUS (VOLUME 1) using CASIO F)6. HOW TO COMPUTE AREA OF CLOSED TRAVERSE USING DMD AND DPD. Example 5 Find the area of the tract of land (from example 3), Lines LAT DEP 1-2 104.10 60.10 23 18.75 88.23 74.97 46.84 47.88 -195.17 computed the OMD and DPD from example 5 LAT DEP DMD. DPD 104.19 60.10 60.1 104.1 18.75 88.23 208.43 226.95 7497 46.84 © 343.5 170.73 47.88 -195.17 195.17 47.88 To compute the Area using DMD EDIT DATA from (50) x Y — Freq= (DMD) 12 60.10 104.1 60.1 23 88.23 18.75 208.43 34 4684-7497 343.5 44 “195.17 -47.88 195.17 AMAZING CALCULATOR TE! MATHEMATICS AND CIVIL ENGINEERING using CASIO FX 991 ES PLUS (VOLUME 1) :CHNIQUES AND SHORT CUTS IN Result: -12,466.23 Area using DMD = 12,466.23 m2 To compute the Area using DPD EDIT DATA from (5) x Y Freq = DPD 1-2 60.10 104.1 104.1 23 88.23 18.75 226 95 34 46.84 -74.97 170.73 4 -195.17 -47.88 47.88 ENTER: 0.52x = Result: 12,466.22 Area using DPD = 12, 466.23 m2 7, HOW TO GET COORDINATES IN A CLOSED TRAVERSE Example 6 Referring again to Example 4 lines Bearing Distance 4-2 N30°E 120.2 23 N78°E 90.2 34 S32E 28.4 At a — From Example 3-2 , we have stored. the following values in MODE 2. FOR 1-2 Store 120.2. (90-30) to A for 2-3 Store 90.2 L( 90-78) toB for 3-4 Store 88.4L.( 270+32) toC y UES ANI MATHEMATICS AND CIVIL ENGINEERING using CASIO FX 991 ES PLUS (VOLUME 1) ena. Deen TL DennoIfthe coordinate of point 1 is (0,0), compute the coordinates of point 2, point 3 and point 4. To get the coordinate of 2: ENTER: A= Result: (60.1, 104.10) To Get the Coordinate of 3 ENTER: A+B= Result: Coordinate of 3is (148.33, 122.85) To get the coordinate of 4: ENTER: At 5+ C- Result: ( 195.17, 47.88 } Summary of Results: Point Coordinate 1 (0.6) 2 (60.1, 104.1 ) 3 (148.33, 122.85 ) 4 (195.17, 47.88 ) AMAZING CALCULATOR TECHNIQUES AND SHORT C MATHEMATICS AND CIVIL ENGINEERING using CASIO FX 991 ES PLUS (VOLUME 1) 8. HOW TO GET THE AREA OF A TRAVERSE USING COORDINATE METHOD Example 7 From the result of Example 6, find the Area of the lot using Coordinate Method Result of 6 Point Coordinate 1 (0,0) 2 (60.1, 104.1) 3 (148.33, 122.85 ) 4 (195.17, 47.88 ) The Area using Coordinate Method is ENTER: MODE 3 2 Show the Frequency Input the given data: x Y Freq 0 104.1 41 (This can be omitted ) 60.1 12285 1 148.33 47.88 1 . 61 0 «A (This can be omitted ) 148.33 104.1 -1 | eT AMAZING CALCULATOR TECHNIQUES AND SHORT CUTS IN MATHEMATICS AND CIVIL ENGINEERING using CASIO FX 991 ES PLUS (VOLUME 1) oi